raimi & associates, inc. leed-nd: a tool for public health, environmental quality and community...

Raimi & Associates, Inc.

LEED-ND:A TOOL FOR PUBLIC HEALTH,

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND COMMUNITY DESIGN

Comprehensive Planning for Healthy Cities and CommunitiesOctober 26, 2006


AGENDA

LEED Rating System (5 min)

LEED-ND Overview (5 min)

Public Health and the Built Environment: Report Summary (5 min)

LEED-ND Rating System (20 min)

Implications for Comprehensive Plans (10 min)


WHAT IS LEED?

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Developed by the US Green Building Council

A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.

Goal: TRANSFORM THE MARKET! 289 Certified Projects

2,069 Registered Projects


LEED PRODUCTS

LEED-NC: LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations/Additions (for commercial and institutional buildings, released in 2000)

LEED-EB: LEED for Existing Buildings (released 2004)

LEED-CI: LEED for Commercial Interiors (released 2004)

LEED-CS: LEED for Core and Shell (public release: 2005)

LEED-H: LEED for Homes (public release: 2006)

LEED-ND: LEED for Neighborhood Developments (public release: 2006)


WHAT IS LEED-ND?

ND = Neighborhood Developments

A LEED rating system being developed through a partnership between: US Green Building Council

Natural Resources Defense Council (Smart Growth)

Congress for the New Urbanism

A rating system that combines elements of smart growth, urbanism, and green building


LEED-ND TIMELINE

2003 - Partnership began

2004 - Core Committee formed

May 2005 – Draft Public Health Indicators Report

Sept 2005 – Public Comment Period on Draft Rating System

Fall 2005 – Fall 2006 – Revisions to Rating System Based on Public Comments

Pilot-Test Projects (2007)

Refine Rating System (2008)

LEED-ND Launch (2009)


HOW GREEN ARE THESE PROJECTS?


WHY IS LEED-ND NEEDED?

Land Use Patterns Impacts

Natural Environment

Natural Resources

Energy Use

Transportation Patterns and Choices

Public Health

Social Networks


LAND CONSUMPTION

Increase in developed land from 1982 – 1997: 34%

Average annual increase in developed land: 2.3 to 2.6%

Increase in urbanized land relative to population growth: 2.65 times


LAND CONSUMPTION

California Paves or Builds on over 400 acres daily


DRIVING


DRIVING

Annual growth in VMT: 3.1 %

Average time commuters spend in traffic: 36 hours per year

Total pavement in US: 34,500 square miles (think Illinois!)

Miles of public roadways: 4 million


CLIMATE CHANGE

Air temperature has risen 0.5 to 1.1 degrees since the late 19th Century

20th Century was warmest on record since 1400

Sea level has risen 10 cm in last 100 years


WILDLIFE

Number of species of plants and animals native to US: 20,500

Plants and animals threatened with extinction: 32 %

Development encroaching on wildlife


CHARACTER-LESS PLACES


PUBLIC HEALTH - OBESITY TRENDS IN ADULTS

19961991

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

2004


“UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT”


RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Public Health Areas Studied

Physical Fitness

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health

Traffic Accidents

Social Capital

Mental Health


Regional location

Population and employment density

Mix of land uses

More types of land uses

More retail land uses

Transit access and availability

Connectivity

BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS


Access to parks and trails

Slower speeds on roads

Sidewalks, crosswalks

Attractive and interesting streets

Bike lanes, bike trails and safe bike storage

BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS


LEED-ND RATING SYSTEM SUMMARY


ORGANIZATION

3 Categories

Smart Location and Linkage

Neighborhood Pattern and Design

Green Construction and Technology

Prerequisites and Credits

9 Prerequisites

47 Credits

100 Points Total


PREREQUISITES

Smart Location

Water and Wastewater Infrastructure

Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities

Wetland and Water Body Conservation

Agricultural Land Conservation

Floodplain Avoidance

Open Community

Compact Development

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention


SMART LOCATION

Locate on an “Infill” site.

OR

Locate near transit - 50% of DU’s or building entrances within ¼ mile walk of bus or ½ mile walk of BRT, light rail, heavy rail or ferry.

OR

Locate near mix of uses - ¼ mile walk distance of 4 uses or ½ mile walk distance of 6 uses

OR

Lower VMT Rates - Prove that the average rate of VMT per occupant of the project is lower (or will be lower) than the average rate for the metro region as a whole


COMPACT DEVELOPMENT

Average residential density of 7 DUs per acre or greater

AND

Average non-residential FAR of 0.50 or greater


SMART LOCATION AND LINKAGE CREDITS

Brownfields Redevelopment

Preferred Locations

Reduced Automobile Dependence

Bicycle Network

Housing and Jobs Proximity

School Proximity

Steep Slope Preservation

Site Design for Habitat or Wetland Conservation

Restoration of Wetlands or Habitat

Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands


Project Location Infill and previously developed

Infill only

Adjacent and previously developed

Previously developed only

Adjacent only

AND

Street Network Grid Density (street centerline miles per square mile)

40 +

30-39

20-29

10-19

PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)


PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)


Locate near transit

OR

Locate in area with lower

than average VMT

AND car sharing (1 point)

Total rides available per weekday Points earned

60 – 124 2

125 – 249 3

250 – 499 4

500—999 5

1000 or more 6

Percent of average regional per capita VMT or SOV mode share

Points earned

71% to 80% 2

61% to 70% 3

51% to 60% 4

41% to 50% 5

40% or less 6

REDUCED AUTO DEPENDENCE (7 points)


NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS

Compact Development

Diversity of Uses

Diversity of Housing Types

Affordable Rental and For Sale Housing

Reduced Parking Footprint

Walkable Streets

Street Network


NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS

Transit Facilities

Transportation Demand Management

Access to Surrounding Vicinity

Access to Public Spaces

Universal Accessibility

Local Food Production

Community Outreach and Involvement


Entry location

Building height-to-width ratio

Sidewalks

Street design speed

Building setback

Street-level building facades

On-street parking

Ground floor retail

Street trees

WALKABLE STREETS (8 points)


Residential Density (DU/acre)

Non-residential Density (FAR). Points Available

10 to 20 0.75 to < 1.0 1

21 to 30 1.0 to < 1.5 2

31 to 40 1.5 to < 2.0 3

41 to 50 2.0 to < 2.5 4

51 to 60 ≥ 2.5 and higher 5

61 to 70 ≥ 2.5 and higher 6

> 71 ≥ 2.5 and higher 7

COMPACT DEVELOPMENT (7points)


AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Affordable Rental Housing

15% of rental units at 50% area median income (AMI)

30% at up to 80% AMI

1 point each; 2 for both

Affordable For-Sale Housing

10% of for-sale housing at up to 80% AMI

20% at up to 120% AMI

1 point each; 2 for both


LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION

Allow food-producing gardens

AND

Option 1: Dedicate space to neighborhood farms and gardens

Option 2: Purchase shares in a local Community Supported Agriculture Program

Option 3: Locate within ¼ mile of an existing farmers market.


Locate project within a 1/2 mile walk distance of

2 uses (1 point)

4 uses (2 points)

7 uses (3 points)

10 uses (4 points)

List of uses are defined as those that reduce auto use and increase walking

DIVERSITY OF USES (4 points)


Certified Green Buildings

Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Reduced Water Use

Building Reuse and Adaptive Reuse

Reuse of Historic Buildings

Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design

Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction

GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS


Contaminant Reduction in Brownfield Remediation

Stormwater Management

Heat Island Reduction

Solar Orientation

On-Site Power Generation

On-Site Renewable Energy Sources

District Heating and Cooling

Infrastructure Energy Efficiency



Wastewater Management

Recycled Content and Reused Materials

Construction Waste Management

Comprehensive Waste Management

Light Pollution Reduction



CASE STUDIES

Dockside Green, Victoria, BC

11-acre brownfield site located in the heart of the City of Victoria

Four distinct character areas for a comprehensive mix of uses


CASE STUDIES


Carshare program & mini-transit

On-site renewable energy

Potable water use reduction in buildings

100% sewage treatment on-site

No potable water use for irrigation

Green roofs

LEED buildings


CASE STUDIES


Market assisted housing

Community advisory group

Large plaza/community amphitheater

North / south trail connection through the middle of the site


CASE STUDIES

King Farm, Rockville, MD

430 acres near existing development

Mixed-use, TND with historic architectural characteristics of the City of Rockville


CASE STUDIES

King Farm, Rockville, MD

Community shuttle bus

Locally provided materials

Adjacent to Shady Grove Metro station

Tree plantings

Affordable housing

Integrated network of sidewalks

Numerous pocket parks

Most homes with shallow setbacks and front porches


CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD

Dockside Green

King Farm

Prerequisites

Location Efficiency 2/2 2/2

Environmental Preservation 5/5 4/5 (unless easement is purchased)

Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s)

3/3 3/3

Resource Efficiency 0/0 0/0

Totals 10/10 9/10


CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD

Dockside Green

King Farm

Credits

Location Efficiency 25/28 13/28

Environmental Preservation 10/13 6/13

Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s)

27/42 21/42

Resource Efficiency 21/25 3/25

Innovation & Accredited Professionals 5/6 4/6

Totals 88/114

Gold

47/114

Certified


100 Points Total

Points By Category

Smart Location and Linkage (30 points)

Neighborhood Pattern and Design (40 Points)

Green Construction and Technology (30 Points)

POINT ALLOCATION


Preferred Locations (10)

Walkable Streets (8)

Compact Development (7)

Reduce Automobile Dependence (7)

Diversity of Uses (4)

Housing and Jobs Proximity (3)

Street Network (2)

Bicycle Network (1)

Access to Surrounding Vicinity (1)

Access to Public Spaces (1)

Access to Active Public Spaces (1)

CREDITS WITH GREATEST IMPACT ON HEALTH


3-STAGE CERTIFICATION

1. Preliminary Review – Pre-entitlement

2. Plan Certification – Post Entitlement

3. Certification of Completed Neighborhood Development – Post Construction


IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING:6 STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE


REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

4 Goals

Efficient growth

Multimodal transportation

Housing choices

Natural resource protection

Required Components

Land Use

Transportation

Water Resources

Parks and Open Space

Implementation


#1: FOCUS AT A VARIETY OF SCALES

Region: Metropolis, City and Town

Neighborhood, District and Corridor

Block, Street, Building


#2: LOCATE DEVELOPMENT IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS

Downtowns

Corridors

Mixed use centers

Transit-oriented development


#3: UNDERSTAND BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMMUNITY

Divide city into its component parts

Map land use, design and form characteristics

Understand differences and similarities; strengths and issues

Understand if, how and when areas will change or stay the same


#4: REDUCE RELIANCE ON LAND USE MAP

Map future patterns and structures to better represent

Mixed use

Transportation and land use integration

Relationship between urban and rural

Desired character and function of different parts of the city

Focus on 3 dimensional results of 2 dimensional plan


#5: THINK IN NEW WAYS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE

Think in new (and old) ways about infrastructure

Treat streets and transit as shapers of place

Design networks to support walkability and desired block pattern

Create a foundation for context sensitive design

Address connectivity

Plan for transit service


#6: INCORPORATE HEALTH THROUGHOUT PLAN

Add chapter on public health

Incorporate health into all components

Parks and Recreation

Open Space Protection

Housing

Plan for implementation

Zoning (form-based and conventional)

Government budgets

Street standards

Design guidelines


Built Environment is strongly linked to health outcomes

LEED-ND can be used as a public health tool

LEED-ND and health report can be used to guide planning and budgeting decisions

Comprehensive plans

District/neighborhood plans

Street design standards

Parks and open space plans

Indicators for change

Budget priorities of governments

CONCLUSIONS


Matt Raimi


510-666-1010

[email protected]

OR

www.usgbc.org/leed/nd

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

raimi & associates, inc. leed-nd: a tool for public health, environmental quality and community...

Documents

raimi associates

leed products leednc

leednd rating system

leednd launch

leednd overview

leednd timeline

agenda leed rating system

driving slide