railway engineering lecture 1
DESCRIPTION
history of railway engineeringTRANSCRIPT
-
Railway EngineeringCivil Engineering
Lecture 1
SUIT Semester four
9/13/2011 1Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Introduction
Definition of Railway
That part of transportation engineering involved in the planning, design,
development, operation, construction, maintenance, use, or economics
of facilities for transportation of goods and people in wheeled units of
rolling stock running on, and guided by, rails normally supported on
crossties and held to fixed alignment is known as railway engineering
A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction,
maintenance, and operation of railways.
9/13/2011 2Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Transportation Planning
The following surveys are carried out to finalize the selection of a
proposed railway line
Reconnaissance survey. Object of reconnaissance survey.
The First engineering survey which is carried out for the purpose of
laying a new railway line in any country is reconnaissance survey.
Main Object:
I. To acquire the general knowledge of the area as a whole.
II. To obtain information regarding the salient features of the territory.
9/13/2011 3Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Importance of the reconnaissance
survey It helps in deciding a number of routes between two points
The information becomes very useful at the time of final selection of
the proposed routes.
The survey is highly rated and important and must be carried out by
an experienced engineer.
An engineer should possess good observational qualities and ability
to interpret the natural features.
9/13/2011 4Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Factors to be kept in view during
reconnaissance survey The following factors should be kept in view during reconnaissance
survey.
1. Area. The reconnaissance survey should be carried out for the
entire area and not only along a line.
2. Existing roads. Alignment of the existing roads should not be
mistaken as suitable route for the survey. Road alignments are
seldom (not often) useful for the construction of a railway line.
9/13/2011 5Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Continue
1. Assumption. The engineer should never declare his decision by
simply assuming the nature of the ground. He should personally
verify the details in the field.
2. Starting of route. The engineer should never reject a particular
route only because its start is bad i.e. with sudden rise or fall. He
must ascertain whether the route continues bad for a long distance.
3. Survey route. Each survey route should be surveyed independently
from either end.
9/13/2011 6Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Continue
Ocular illusion. The following ocular illusions should be prevented.
i. Estimating wrong length.
ii. Estimating wrong curvature.
iii. Overlaps of hills which may appear as continuous ridge from a
distance, whereas it might have a valley at the overlap.
iv. In flat countries, the observer may observe a lake or river due to
mirage. In fact, no such thing exist there.
v. Revenue. The probable revenue from a new railway line 15 km on
each side should be ascertained.
9/13/2011 7Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Instrument required for
reconnaissance survey The following survey instruments are required.
i. An aneroid barometer to determine approximate difference in
elevation.
ii. An abney level to obtain the gradient and angles of slope of the
ground up to 10.
iii. A prismatic compass to obtain the magnetic bearing of the proposed
routes or lines.
iv. A binocular to view the country.
v. A pedometer to get the distance traversed by a surveyor.
9/13/2011 8Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
The permanent way
The combination of rails, sleepers, fittings, ballast resting on sub
grade permanently, is called permanent way.
Temporary railway lines laid for the conveyance of construction
material and earth etc are called temporary tracks.
9/13/2011 9Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
9/13/2011 10Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
9/13/2011 11Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Cross section of permanent way
9/13/2011 12Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
9/13/2011 13Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Requirement of an ideal permanent
way For high speed and better ridding qualities with nominal maintenance,
the following requirements are essential for an ideal permanent way.
1. The gauge should be correct.
2. The two rails in a straight track should be at the same level. On curves
the outer rail should be provided proper super elevation and there
should be proper transition at the junction of the straight and curve.
3. There should be a minimum friction in between the wheels of rolling
stock and the rail.
4. The design of permanent way should be such that the load of the train is
uniformly distributed.
9/13/2011 14Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Continue..
1. The alignment should be free from kinks and irregularities.
2. The gradient should be even and uniform and any change of
gradient should be smoothened with a properly designed vertical
curve.
3. The track should possess certain amount of elasticity.
4. The track should be strong enough to withstand side thrust on
tangent lengthy and centrifugal force on curves, and also forces due
to expansion of welded rails.
5. The radii and superelevation should be properly designed and
maintained.
9/13/2011 15Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
Continue
1. Points and crossing should be properly designed and maintained.
2. Proper precautions should be taken to prevent creep likely to occur.
3. The various components of the track i.e. the rails, fittings, sleepers,
ballast and formation should be kept in healthy condition.
4. Renewal and replacement of damaged components of the
permanent way should be easy.
5. Various components of the permanent way, should possess anti-
theft qualities.
9/13/2011 16Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad
-
End of Lecture one
9/13/2011 17Railway engineerg M.Zeeshan Ahad