RAHH Day 26 AgendaRAHH Day 26 AgendaRAHH Day 26 AgendaRAHH Day 26 AgendaGoal –To understand social changes and the women’s and

environmental movements.1.1. Unit 4 packet (buff) Unit 4 packet (buff) completecomplete p 8 p 8 re: Nixon’s Watergate scandal2. Questions from homework3. Identity politics and conservative backlash video4. Explain 4 examples of how the Black civil rights movement

spawned other, similar movements – good, bad, conclusion, paradox?

5. Identity politics – women – complete CR (blue) packet p 23. Read p 25 and 26 how did perceptions of women differ? Read and answer p 24 about the ERA

6. The 70’s – Provide 10 examples of how the 70’s was the “Flowering of 60’s culture” 1. Draw a cartoon of the transformation of American culture from the

early sixties “Wonder Years – American Dream” to the “Flowering of 60’s culture” represented in the 70s and the conservative response

7.7. Unit 4 (buff)Unit 4 (buff) packet p 16 # 1-4 and 6p 16 # 1-4 and 6 re: environment8. Review unit 4 (buff)unit 4 (buff) packet p 13 #s 1, 2 and 3p 13 #s 1, 2 and 3 about the

conservative movement

This Ho Chi Minh Trail Ends at the 18th This Ho Chi Minh Trail Ends at the 18th HoleHole

March 9, 2008 By DAMIEN CAVEIT NYTimes I felt a little odd, even a touch irreverent, swinging a Callaway driver in the land of “Apocalypse Now,” Khe Sahn and Ho Chi Minh. And yet there I stood on a carpet of manicured grass outside Hanoi, looking toward a small flag in the distance

Finding His Inner Reagan

L. Brent Bozell washpost  John McCain may have the Beltway crowd in his corner, but grass-roots conservatives aren't sold.

Culture Wars? How 2004.

E.J. Dionne Jr.   We care about survival and prosperity, not religion and culture.

Problems Nixon’s Policies

6. Stagflation and recession

1st Monetarism

2nd – Keynesian policies like FDR

7. US- China Relations

8. US-Soviet relation

The Nixon AdministrationThe Nixon Administration

Stagflation is the unique situation with high unemployment, high inflation and low economic growth

1st Nixon attempted conservative methods like getting the federal reserve board to raise interest rates and taxes, while cutting the federal budget, but that did not work, so

2nd, in the run-up to the ’72 election, he instituted the New Economic Policy - wage and price controls, devalued the dollar, ended the gold standard, cut interest rates, increased government spending and increased import tariffs.

Détente – Nixon becomes first President to go to China – opens China to US trade, signed agreements to cooperate to end Vietnam War, recognized Taiwan as a part of China, began process to recognize PRC officially, promised to withdraw US forces from Taiwan, relates with CPRC to try to separate PRC and USSR

Realpolitik – balance of power politics - relate to other nations based the goal of national interests: cooperating where we can, avoiding force when possible, ignore weak countries, but deal with strong countries flexibly, directly and with strength – no ideology

Détente – Nixon goes to Moscow – signs Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 1 (halts production of new nukes for 5 years, agrees to Berlin-Germany plan,

Vietnam Era GDP

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Jan

-60

Jan

-62

Jan

-64

Jan

-66

Jan

-68

Jan

-70

Jan

-72

Jan

-74

Date

GD

P in

Ch

ain

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20

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The Nixon DoctrineThe Nixon Doctrine• The Nixon Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in

Guam on July 25, 1969 by Richard Nixon. He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies.

• In Nixon's own words (Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam November 3, 1969):[1]

1. First, the United States will keep all of its treaty commitments. 2. Second, we shall provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens

the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security.

3. Third, in cases involving other types of aggression, we shall furnish military and economic assistance when requested in accordance with our treaty commitments. But we shall look to the nation directly threatened to assume the primary responsibility of providing the manpower for its defense.

Watergate – Nixon’s DownfallWatergate – Nixon’s Downfall

June 1972 – break-in

1. The “plumbers” were part of a White House Special Investigations Unit who used “dirty tricks” like the break-in of Daniel Ellsberg’s doctor’s office to dig up dirt on political opponents. Many of the Watergate burglars like G. Gordon Liddy and Howard Hunt were also involved in the Ellsberg break-in.

Fall – 1972 –

Jan 1973

Mar 1973

April 1973 – Cox investigates cover-up

Nixon wins reelection – Woodward and Bernstein investigate the break-in with help from Deep Throat looking for ties to NixonJudge John Sirica wanted to encourage the plumbers to tell who directed their actions – He was sure that Hunt and Liddy had not acted without orders from the White House.McCord, seeing that Nixon was bribing him and the others and was covering up, decided to tell Sirica about the cover-upMitchell was the Attorney General, then directed CREEP, Dean was White House Counsel. Mitchell authorized the break-in and helped cover it up, and Dean was main director of the cover-upNixon tried to hide the cover-up so he fired Dean (who will testify in the Senate that Nixon was involved) and Chief of Staff Haldeman and Economic Advisor Erlichman resign

Watergate ScandalWatergate Scandal

Nixon – Wants to be re-elected

Need to: raise money, run a campaign, get info on Democrats and ruin political opponents

Special Investigations

Unit•Krogh

•Hunt

•Liddy

“The Plumbers”

Break in of Dr. Fielding’s office to steal info to ruin Pentagon Paper’s’ leaker Daniel Ellsberg

Committee to Re-Elect the PresidentFormer AG John Mitchell – ChairmanAides – H. Howard Hunt – former CIAG. Gordon Liddy – former FBIJames McCord – security specialistBurglary Team – James McCord hired former Cubans - Barker, Sturgis, Gonzales, Martinez

Aided by

Hunt and Liddy in the Howard Johnson’s Hotel

Break-in to Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Hotel and Office

Watergate ScandalWatergate Scandal

Burglary Team – arrested after Frank Wills sees a door propped open and calls the DC Police. All 7 men are arrested.

Break-in to Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Hotel and Office

FBI – investigates and finds a slush fund of cash to fund illegal activities against the Democrats

Judge Sirica – presides over trials of the burglars – 5 plead guilty, but McCord and Liddy fight and are convicted

Judge Sirica – hands down harsh sentences and determines there is a cover-up

Washington Post Metro Reporters investigate the Break-in – Something seems very fishy

“Deep Throat” tells Woodward to “follow the money”

They report that there is a White House connection and apparent coverup

Bob WoodwardBob Woodward

Carl BernsteinCarl Bernstein

Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities, chaired by Senator Sam Ervin (D-NC) begins

to investigate Senate Committee holds hearings – Mitchell, Butterfield and

Dean all testify

Sam ErvinSam Ervin

Watergate – Nixon’s DownfallWatergate – Nixon’s Downfall

May – July 1973 – Senate televises hearings

Spring and summer 1973

Oct 1973 – sat. Night Massacre

February 1974-

April 1974

July 1974

Aug 8 1974

a. Dean says that Nixon was involved in the cover-upb. Mitchell says that if there was a cover-up, Nixon knew

nothingc. Butterfield says that Nixon has tapes of all of his Oval

Office conversationsSenate and Judge Sirica want access to the tapes Butterfield testified existed, as does Cox – Nixon orders FBI off the case and tries to obstruct CoxCox is getting closer so Nixon orders him fired – AG Richardson resigns, DAG Rickelshaus resigns, so Solicitor General Bork fires Cox – this looks bad for Nixon – firing the man investigating him – appoints Leon Jaworski as new special prosecutor

Nixon finally gives in and releases typed transcripts of some of the tape-recordings, but the transcripts (heavily edited) did not show much incriminating except to show Nixon used profanity, did not seem to care about Watergate and was not very niceSupreme Court orders Nixon to submit to Congress and Judge Sirica the actual tape-recordings

Nixon submits tapes that show that he knew about the break-in afterwards but ordered a massive cover-up – Resigns Aug 9

House authorizes Judiciary committee to begin investigating grounds for impeachment

Watergate ScandalWatergate Scandal

Judge Sirica – hands down harsh sentences and determines there is a cover-up

Woodward and Bernstein continue to investigate and report

Nixon wants to cover-up more – pretends to want an investigation by Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox

Want the tapes!NO Tapes!! Executive privilege – and

Cox – You’re Fired!! Gimme Jaworski. BUT…

here are written transcripts of the tapes

Senate Committee finds out there are audio

tapes of Nixon

Jaworski is new

special

prosecutor Resignation

US Supreme Court Says: 9-0 “give up the tapes!!”

House asks: is there something

fishy here?

House opens investigation by

Judiciary Committee: are there grounds for

impeachment?

Social Changes in the 1970sSocial Changes in the 1970sSocial Changes in the 1970sSocial Changes in the 1970s

• More pre-marital sex – TV, books, magazines, theater and movies that promote, celebrate or include non-traditional sex.

• Pornography like Deep Throat, magazines like Penthouse & Playgirl

• Large increase in divorce• The Me Generation and people focused on their own “self-

actualization” and “self-awareness” with psycho-therapy, group therapy, self-help groups, self-help books

• Seeking out different religions – Eastern like Hinduism and Buddhism, spirituality devoid of organization

• Disco, apolitical music, recreational drug use• Jogging, weight-lifting, dieting, yoga – lots of organized

exercise and health improvement• Increased tolerance for alternative life-styles from the

traditional “father-knows-best” 50s culture• Abortions, more women’s control of reproduction• Significant conservative backlash through political action

1 - Experience at work

Wage and job discrimination made women mad and feel inferior. Women were also less able to care for themselves and their children if they were single, or unable to leave a bad marriage because they earned less.

2. Experience w/ activism

Work for racial justice awakened in women the desire to end their own socio-economic inferiority

3. Consciousness raising

Helped individual women become aware that they were not alone in feeling dissatisfied with their lot in life

4. feminism Provided theory for the movement – women should be treated the same as men socially, economically and politically

Women’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equality

Women’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equalityWomen’s fight for equality

5. Feminine Mystique 5. Opened eyes of women to be aware of their situation and to act to improve their lives – the key to early consciousness-raising

6. Civil Rights Act ’64 6. Provided legal tools and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to use the power of the federal government to sue in court for equality

7. National Organization for Women (NOW)

7. National Organization for Women created to organize action to achieve goals of socio-economic and political equality

8. MS. Magazine 8. Information about and voice of the women’s movement

9. Congress 9. CRA, Education Act ’72, ERA proposed, EEOC stronger, tax breaks for child care

10. Supreme Court 5. Roe v Wade (’73), Griswold v Connecticut (’65), Nashville Gas v Satty (‘77)

1. What did Dr. Spock believe to be the ideal situation for rearing children? What risk did he think working mothers ran?

2. What was the solution to the child care dilemma, according to Gerzon?

3. How did Betty Friedan view the studies on the effects of working mothers on their children?

4. Explain the dilemma of the letter-writer to Ms. Magazine. Is there a legal or social solution to her problem? Explain.

ideal to have mom stay at home to take care of children because a mother is best able to take care of children. However, sometimes circumstances require mom to work, therefore, loving, quality time is very important. Risked maladjusted/neglected kids

Society, the workplace and gov’t policy all had to change to address social changes – businesses need flex time, dads need to pick up some of the slack and in some cases more gov’t funded day care,

She claims that there is no evidence that children are hurt by working mothers. Actually the studies show that many women are happier working, and that delinquency is not shown to be caused by working mothers.

Gov’t needs to change the tax rules, change how it views the value of in-home work, and society needs to change how it values women in the workforce

Pg 26 On Working Mothers - Questions to think about

Silent Spring (1962)

Greatly increase awareness of environmental issues, specifically brought attention and called for solution related to pesticides specifically DDT. Shocked people to participate in gov’t to protect the environment

First Earth Day, 4-22-70

Highlighted environmental problems through the country and got people involved in solving environmental problems

EPA – 1970 Showed our support for protecting our environment and is the chief law enforcement agency for enforcing environmental protection laws. Sets rules for pollution, toxic waste, etc.

Clean Air Act – 1970

Forced industry and cars to clean up emissions such that cars are much cleaner and no longer spew lead. Resulted in more laws being passed and the air to be cleaner

Three Mile Island – 1979

Debate over nuclear power led NRC to greatly increase precautions and rules to prevent other accidents, no new nuclear reactors were begun after 1990.

Environmentalism – “Crying Indian” Ad

Individuals – religious leaders

Jerry Falwell – Moral Majority, Inc. and Liberty U

Pat Robertson - Christian Coalition, Christian Broadcasting (700 Club)

Jimmy Swaggart

Billy Graham

Jim Bakker

Ideological conservatives

William F Buckley - National Review

William Kristol – The Weekly Standard

Richard Viguerie

Phyllis Schlaffly – opposed ERA

Paul Weyrich – founded Heritage Foundation

Groups

Conservative Coalition

New Right

Evangelicals

Pat Robertson’s Christian Coalition founded 1988

Moral Majority, Inc. – founded in 1979 by Falwell – disbanded in 1989 and replaced by James Dobson’s Focus on the Family

Republican Party

Think Tanks – American Enterprise Institute, Heritage Foundation, CATO Institute

Universities – Bob Jones U, Liberty U, Pepperdine U, Oral Roberts U

Business groups

Conservative MovementConservative Movement

1. Opposed to abortion,

2. promote traditional family structures,

3. oppose gun control,

4. oppose ERA, 5. wanted to shrink or

abolish entitlement programs like welfare, Social Security, Medicare and medicaid,

6. opposed integration and busing,

7. promoted prayer in school,

8. cutting taxes, 9. reducing

government regulations on businesses,

10.promoting federal funding for religious schools,

11.stronger national defense,

12.opposed divorce,

13.gov’t power to local and state governments.

Conservative Movement IssuesConservative Movement Issues

5. The conservative coalition is not a monolithic all-powerful single institution. It is a collection and an uneasy marriage of the political conservatives, followers of 1964 Republic presidential nominee Barry Goldwater who want small federal government, few social welfare programs and low taxes and few regulations on businesses, with social conservatives who want morality-based laws. This joining of forces came as a reaction to the increase in the federal government power and social welfare expansion of the great society coupled with the excesses and instability of the liberal sixties social movements and cultural changes of the counter-culture manifesting themselves in the me-generation excesses of the 70s.

Together, the social and politico-economic conservatives planned on taking over the government and local, state and national levels and direct the US towards better morals, better values enacted into laws, while weakening the federal government’s power over the states and businesses.

This alliance then got many people to the polls in 1980 to elect the conservative Ronald Reagan as President and a Republican Senate

CR question 5CR question 5

Cut taxes, deregulate businesses, change or repeal lots of social welfare programs, weaken civil rights legislation, allow the states to be less regulated by the federal government, strengthen the military, build more prisons, stronger drug laws, weaker gun laws, end desegregation programs, fight communism, weaken environmental laws and the EPA, control inflation.

Outlaw abortion, put prayer back in school, criminalize gay behavior, oppose the Equal Rights Amendment and women’s liberation, post the10 Commandments in public places, oppose teaching evolution, outlaw pornography, make divorce harder to get, fight against out of wedlock births

6. The conservative coalition had a variety of disparate goals:6. The conservative coalition had a variety of disparate goals:

1 – ended Watergate by pardoning Nixon2 – troubled economy – promoted “WIN” Whip Inflation

Now program – tried to tighten money by decreasing federal spending and getting Fed to raise interest rates. Cut taxes to increase growth

3 – Hostile Congress – Ford vetoed 50 bills in just about 2 years in office, Democrats wanted aid to education, health and NYC

4 – Cold War – signed Helsinki Accords with USSR and started the SALT II. Looked tough against Cambodians in the Mayaguez crisis

5 – Mayaguez Crisis against Cambodia – muscular response

FordFord