RRadiological examination of the adiological examination of the breast and genital organsbreast and genital organs

Dr. Lenchuk Dr. Lenchuk Tatyana, PhD Tatyana, PhD

Radiation methods research breast diseasesRadiation methods research breast diseases

1.1.X-ray:X-ray:-Mammography-Mammography-Ductography-Ductography-Pneumocystography-Pneumocystography

2.Ultrasound2.Ultrasound3.Radinuclidic examination3.Radinuclidic examination

-Mammoscintigraphy-Mammoscintigraphy-PET-PET

5.MRI5.MRI6. CT6. CT

Algorithm of ray examination of patients with Algorithm of ray examination of patients with pathology BREAST:pathology BREAST:

1st stage, mammography, ultrasound,1st stage, mammography, ultrasound,2nd stage-Fine needle aspiration biopsy2nd stage-Fine needle aspiration biopsy3rd stage, depending on the results of previous stages, 3rd stage, depending on the results of previous stages, ductography, mammoscintigraphy, MRI, CT.ductography, mammoscintigraphy, MRI, CT.First performed physical examination of breast, First performed physical examination of breast, consisting of inspection and palpation. For a correct view consisting of inspection and palpation. For a correct view of breast divided into 4 quadrants-upperlateral, of breast divided into 4 quadrants-upperlateral, uppermedial, lowerlateral, lowermedial.uppermedial, lowerlateral, lowermedial.

X-ray methods:X-ray methods:MammographyMammography, performed on apparatus - , performed on apparatus - mammographs. Indications for screening mammography:mammographs. Indications for screening mammography:1.1.BREAST-cancer in close relativesBREAST-cancer in close relatives2.2. Age 40 years and over Age 40 years and over3. BREAST-hormonal hyperplasia3. BREAST-hormonal hyperplasia4. Endocrine disorders (thyroid disease, diabetes)4. Endocrine disorders (thyroid disease, diabetes)5. Reproductive disorders (abortion, first birth after 30 years , 5. Reproductive disorders (abortion, first birth after 30 years , infertility)infertility)6. Disease of the reproductive organs (ovaries and uterine tumors, 6. Disease of the reproductive organs (ovaries and uterine tumors, inflammatory disease, menstrual dysfunction)inflammatory disease, menstrual dysfunction)If there are three or more factors of the patient should be If there are three or more factors of the patient should be referred for a mammography.referred for a mammography.

Digital mammography Digital mammography - a new method for diagnosis of - a new method for diagnosis of BREAST, which lets you analyze mammograms from BREAST, which lets you analyze mammograms from screen monitor at specialized workstation.screen monitor at specialized workstation.DuctographyDuctography performed after mammography. This method of performed after mammography. This method of X-ray BREAST using artificial contrasting milk ducts.X-ray BREAST using artificial contrasting milk ducts.Into the milk ducts injected 0.5-1 ml of water-soluble contrastInto the milk ducts injected 0.5-1 ml of water-soluble contrastIndications for ductography -all cases of abnormal secretion Indications for ductography -all cases of abnormal secretion from the nipplefrom the nipplePNEUMOCYSTOGRAPHYPNEUMOCYSTOGRAPHYA diagnostic cysts BREAST. Making a punction of a cyst and A diagnostic cysts BREAST. Making a punction of a cyst and remove its contents, then fill cyst cavity with gas and make remove its contents, then fill cyst cavity with gas and make picturues. Gas dissolves in 7-10 days. Often after cyst picturues. Gas dissolves in 7-10 days. Often after cyst treated.treated.

MammographyMammography

MammographyMammographyBREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

MammographyMammographyBREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

MRI (breast cancer)MRI (breast cancer)

Ultrasound methodsUltrasound methods

Indications for test:Indications for test:-Differential diagnosis of cysts and solid -Differential diagnosis of cysts and solid tumors determined during palpationtumors determined during palpation- evaluation of unexplained seals in the - evaluation of unexplained seals in the breastbreast-correction of the needle movement -correction of the needle movement during fine needle biopsy of tumorsduring fine needle biopsy of tumors-monitoring of implanted prosthesis-monitoring of implanted prosthesis

UltrasoundUltrasoundBREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

UltrasoundUltrasound benign tumor benign tumor

UltrasoundUltrasound Cyst Cyst

UltrasoundUltrasound Gynecomastia male breastsGynecomastia male breasts

Radionuclide methodsRadionuclide methods

Scintigraphy is used as an additional Scintigraphy is used as an additional method of diagnosis of difficult method of diagnosis of difficult mammogramsmammogramsIndications for the method are:Indications for the method are:-Determination of damage of parasternal -Determination of damage of parasternal and axillaries lymph nodes and axillaries lymph nodes -Determination of sentry lymph node-Determination of sentry lymph node-Monitoring of chemotherapy treatment-Monitoring of chemotherapy treatment

The use of CT is limited due to a large radiation The use of CT is limited due to a large radiation exposure to BREASTexposure to BREASTBREAST MRIBREAST MRI is used as a addition to traditional  is used as a addition to traditional methods in the diagnosis of problematic cases and methods in the diagnosis of problematic cases and questionable data from BREAST mammography, after questionable data from BREAST mammography, after surgery, implant dentures, nodal formations in women of surgery, implant dentures, nodal formations in women of any age.any age.

Radiation anatomy of the breastRadiation anatomy of the breast

The breast is a paired organ, consisting of The breast is a paired organ, consisting of particles of fat tissue in which the glandular particles of fat tissue in which the glandular tissue with milk ducts. Examine BREAST is tissue with milk ducts. Examine BREAST is better at 7-10 day of menstrual cycle. Most better at 7-10 day of menstrual cycle. Most common diseases are:common diseases are:-Fibroadenoma, a benign tumor -Fibroadenoma, a benign tumor -Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue-Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue-Cysts - simple and atypical-Cysts - simple and atypical- BREAST-cancer- BREAST-cancer

Radiation researchRadiation research of genitals of genitalsThe main and often end imaging method is The main and often end imaging method is ultrasoundultrasoundTransabdominal ultrasound is a screening Transabdominal ultrasound is a screening method, to evaluate the approximate method, to evaluate the approximate position, size and structure of the genitals. position, size and structure of the genitals. Transvaginal (for female genitals) Transvaginal (for female genitals) Transrectal ultrasound (for prostate) - are Transrectal ultrasound (for prostate) - are the main methods. the main methods. Transvaginal ultrasound is not performed to girls Transvaginal ultrasound is not performed to girls who have not sexual life.who have not sexual life.

Indications:Indications: -detailed examination of the situation, form, size and -detailed examination of the situation, form, size and structure of genitalsstructure of genitals  -Inability to hold urine-Inability to hold urine-Obesity-Obesity-Suspected prostate cancer-Suspected prostate cancer-Menopause-Menopause-Suspected ectopic pregnancy-Suspected ectopic pregnancy-Metastases in the skeleton found by other methods-Metastases in the skeleton found by other methods

MRIMRI is prescribed for doubtful ultrasound. is prescribed for doubtful ultrasound.

Radiation semiotics diseases of the Radiation semiotics diseases of the genital organsgenital organs

Radiation semiotics diseases of the genital organsRadiation semiotics diseases of the genital organs1-Syndrome of prostate enlargement- manifested difficult 1-Syndrome of prostate enlargement- manifested difficult

urination. Reasons are : inflammation of the prostate, urination. Reasons are : inflammation of the prostate, adenoma, cancer. The main method of diagnosis is ultrasoundadenoma, cancer. The main method of diagnosis is ultrasound

2-Abnormal scrotum-indications for radiation research are:2-Abnormal scrotum-indications for radiation research are:-Increase of testis-Increase of testis-Formation in the of scrotal-Formation in the of scrotal-Pain-Pain

--Male infertilityMale infertility-Trauma-TraumaSyndrome of pathological enlargement of testis - observed in Syndrome of pathological enlargement of testis - observed in the presence of simple and atypical cysts, malignant the presence of simple and atypical cysts, malignant tumors. For the diagnosis is ultrasound.tumors. For the diagnosis is ultrasound.

Diseases of the uterineDiseases of the uterine-Mioma -most common benign tumor. Well diagnosed by -Mioma -most common benign tumor. Well diagnosed by ultrasound. When questionable data prescribed MRI, CTultrasound. When questionable data prescribed MRI, CT-Endometrial hyperplasia is a preview of metrorrhagia, -Endometrial hyperplasia is a preview of metrorrhagia, especially in menopause. Diagnostic ultrasound method especially in menopause. Diagnostic ultrasound method for detecting endometrial thickness and structure. Crucial for detecting endometrial thickness and structure. Crucial in the diagnosis is histological study.in the diagnosis is histological study.

For the diagnosis is made For the diagnosis is made transvaginal ultrasoundtransvaginal ultrasound..

UltrasoundUltrasound transrectal examination of the prostate transrectal examination of the prostate

UltrasoundUltrasound transrectal (cyst) transrectal (cyst)

UltrasoundUltrasound transrectal examination of the prostate transrectal examination of the prostate

UltrasoundUltrasound transabdominal examination of the prostate transabdominal examination of the prostate

UltrasoundUltrasound transabdominal examination of the prostate transabdominal examination of the prostate

prostate cancer germination of the bladder wallprostate cancer germination of the bladder wall

UltrasoundUltrasoundtestistestis

Norma Cancer Norma Cancer

MRIMRIprostate cancerprostate cancer

Primary imaging methods for the study of Primary imaging methods for the study of uterine appendages is uterine appendages is metrosalpingographymetrosalpingography-provides a picture -provides a picture of the uterus and fallopian tubes after of the uterus and fallopian tubes after introduction of contrast agents. Produced introduction of contrast agents. Produced under strict indicationsunder strict indications-In the case of infertility to assess tubes -In the case of infertility to assess tubes -Anomalies of the uterus-Anomalies of the uterusindicator tube patency is out of contrast indicator tube patency is out of contrast into the abdominal cavityinto the abdominal cavity

MetrosalpingographyMetrosalpingography

MetrosalpingographyMetrosalpingographyEndometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps . Women is infertile 5 years.

Ultrasound