Radioactive decay

transmutations Half-life Nuclear power plant

Measuring radiation

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What is the process in which an What is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles or energy or both?charged particles or energy or both?• A)A) radioactivityradioactivity• B)B) oxidationoxidation• C)C) decompositiondecomposition• D)D) none of the abovenone of the above

answer

A)A) radioactivityradioactivity

What type of nuclear decay releases What type of nuclear decay releases energy but not a particle?energy but not a particle?

answer

Gama decayGama decay

Which polish scientist carried out Which polish scientist carried out major experiments in the discovery of major experiments in the discovery of radioactivity?radioactivity?• A)A) BecquerellBecquerell• B)B) Pierre CuriePierre Curie• C)C) Marie curieMarie curie• D)D) Antoine LavoisierAntoine Lavoisier

answer

C)C) Marie CurieMarie Curie

If you stop this type of radiation then If you stop this type of radiation then you are safe from all the others…you are safe from all the others…

answer

GammaGamma

What is the mass, atomic number, What is the mass, atomic number, and charge of an alpha particle?and charge of an alpha particle?

answer

Atomic number= 4; Atomic number= 4; Atomic mass= 2; Atomic mass= 2; Charge= positiveCharge= positive

Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay. Uranium-238 undergoes alpha decay. Therefore, uranium-238 will…Therefore, uranium-238 will…• A)A) remain stableremain stable• B)B) change into a different element change into a different element

altogetheraltogether• C)C) emit neutral particles and no emit neutral particles and no

energyenergy• D)D) none of the abovenone of the above

answer

B)B) change into a different element change into a different element altogetheraltogether

When radium-226 decays to form When radium-226 decays to form radon-222, the radium nucleus emits a radon-222, the radium nucleus emits a (an)…(an)…• A)A) alpha particlealpha particle• B)B) beta particlebeta particle• C)C) gamma raygamma ray• D)D) electronelectron

answer

A)A) alpha particlealpha particle

The atomic number = ?The atomic number = ?

answer

# of protons# of protons

Which of the following takes more Which of the following takes more energy to carry out:energy to carry out:• A)A) fissionfission• B)B) fusionfusion• c)c) alpha decayalpha decay• D)D) beta decaybeta decay

answer

fussionfussion

Carbon-14 forms nitrogen-14 byCarbon-14 forms nitrogen-14 by• A)A) alpha decayalpha decay• B)B) beta decaybeta decay• C)C) gamma decaygamma decay• D)D) none of the abovenone of the above

answer

B)B) beta decaybeta decay

00 1414

____ ____ e + e + N N 11 77

answer

1414

OO88

Define the term “half-life”Define the term “half-life”

answer

The time it takes for half of the The time it takes for half of the atoms present to undergo atoms present to undergo radioactive decayradioactive decay

What radioisotope is used to date What radioisotope is used to date biological specimens?biological specimens?

answer

C-14C-14

What biological specimens is used to What biological specimens is used to date rocks?date rocks?

answer

U-235U-235

An original sample contains 200 g of An original sample contains 200 g of C-14. If after 11,460 years there is C-14. If after 11,460 years there is only 50 g, what is the half-life of c-14?only 50 g, what is the half-life of c-14?

answer

5,730 years5,730 years

A sample of radioisotope had a mass A sample of radioisotope had a mass of 100.0g. After exactly 24 days, of 100.0g. After exactly 24 days, 6.25 g of the sample remain 6.25 g of the sample remain unchanged. The half-life of the unchanged. The half-life of the isotope is ________ daysisotope is ________ days

answer

6 days6 days

What is the main fuel of a nuclear What is the main fuel of a nuclear power plantpower plant

answer

UraniumUranium

What keeps a nuclear power plant What keeps a nuclear power plant cool (what takes away the heat from cool (what takes away the heat from the reactor)?the reactor)?

answer

Water running through pipes and Water running through pipes and circulated by pumpscirculated by pumps

Process by which neutrons are Process by which neutrons are slowed down so that they are able to slowed down so that they are able to cause fissioncause fission

answer

Neutron moderationNeutron moderation

Process by which the number of Process by which the number of neutrons is decreased in order to neutrons is decreased in order to slow down the reaction (fission)slow down the reaction (fission)

answeranswer

Neutron absorptionNeutron absorption

What structure is responsible for What structure is responsible for nuclear absorption and specifically nuclear absorption and specifically what material is it made of? what material is it made of?

answeranswer

Control rods; CadmiumControl rods; Cadmium

Which of the following would be most Which of the following would be most susceptible to damage from gamma susceptible to damage from gamma radiation?radiation?• A)A) a piece of wooda piece of wood• B)B) soft tissuesoft tissue• C)C) a piece of metala piece of metal• D)D) a piece of cartona piece of carton

answeranswer

B)B) Soft tissueSoft tissue

What would you have to wear if you What would you have to wear if you go into a nuclear power plant to go into a nuclear power plant to measure the amount of radiation measure the amount of radiation you’re exposed to?you’re exposed to?

answeranswer

A film badgeA film badge

What device detects radiation by What device detects radiation by measuring electric current created measuring electric current created by ionized gas?by ionized gas?

answeranswer

A geiger counterA geiger counter

What is the tip of a scintillation What is the tip of a scintillation counter made of?counter made of?

answeranswer

PhosphorusPhosphorus

What exactly does a scintillation What exactly does a scintillation counter measure in order to detect counter measure in order to detect the amount ionizing radiation?the amount ionizing radiation?

answeranswer

The intensity of the light created The intensity of the light created from electrons falling back to their from electrons falling back to their original orbitsoriginal orbits