Race, Nation, and Revolution: Latin America,

1900-1950

Michael Rodriguez

What is a “nation”?

Nationalism

What is a “race”?

Peninsulares (Spanish-born)

Criollos (American-born)

Castas (racially mixed)

Colonial Hierarchies

Indios (indigenous peoples)

Esclavos (Afro-Latinos)

Heterogeneity & fluidity

Colonial Hierarchies

Conflict, competition, and

cooperation

NativistsCaudillosLiberals

“Scientific” Racism

Racism Becomes Biology

Cesare LombrosoArthur de Gobineau Herbert Spencer

Phrenology & Degeneration

Social Whitening

Immigration

Raceless Nationalism?

Let’s discuss

Chapter 14 from

O’Connor &

Garofalo

Mestizaje

José VasconcelosLet’s

discuss

La raza

cósmica

IndigenismoLet’s

discussChapters 15 and 17 from

O’Connor &

Garofalo

Cayapa Indians of Ecuador

Tarahumara Indians of

Mexico

Brazil’s Racial Democracy

Brazil: Racial Democracy?

Problematic Discourses?

Persistently Marginalized

Women, blacks, non-whites/non-mestizos, indigenous cultures desiring autonomy

Tides of Industry and Revolution: Juan and Eva Perón and Fidel

Castro

Questions? Comments?