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Cell Organelle Cell Function

NucleusDirects all cell activities "Brain or Control

Center of cell"

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)Controls what passes in an out of the

nucleus

C!toplasm

ell!#li$e substance foun insie cell that

acts as a meium for chemical reactions

within the cell

%olgi Bo! (&pparatus)

'ac$ages the proteins mae b! the

ribosomes so the! can be sent out of the

cell he *'+ store of the cell

Mitochonrion

"powerhouse of the cell" brea$s own

sugar molecules to release energ!, site of

cellular respiration, ouble membrane,

self#replicating, contains own DN&, cristae

-acuole "+torage tan$s" Can hol foo, water orwaste for the cell

.ibosome

Ma$es proteins for the cell, can be foun

attache to the enoplasmic reticulum or

free in the c!toplasm

Enoplasmic .eticulum (E.)

ransportation networ$ for the cell, moves

materials aroun in the cell

.ough Enoplasmic .eticulum (.E.)#

enoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomesattache

+mooth Enoplasmic .eticulum (+E.)#

oes not have ribosomes attache

/!sosome"+tomach of the cell" 0elps the cell igest

foo, waste an worn out cell parts

Nucleolus'rouces ribosomes an r.N&( stu1

ribosomes are mae of)

Cell Membrane (plasma

membrane)

"%ate$eeper" +eparates the cell from the

rest of the environment an helps control

what passes in an out of the cell +emi#

permeable2 allows some materials to pass

through but not all

Chloroplast

& special plasti that contains chloroph!ll a

pigment that captures the sun3s energ! to

prouce glucose in a process calle

photos!nthesis

.igi outer la!er mae of cellulose that

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Overview

The two major muscle groups of the upper leg are the hamstrings

and the quadriceps. The hamstring muscle group is in the back of

the thigh. The quadriceps muscle group is the large bulk of muscle

at the front of the thigh. The hamstrings are made up of threeindividual muscles, while the quadriceps is made up of four dierent

muscles. These two muscle groups are antagonistic and you use

them in nearly all ambulatory activities.

Biceps emoris

The biceps femoris is a member of the hamstring muscle group. !t is

a large muscle that runs down the back and outside of the thigh. !t

runs from the pelvic bone all the way to the lower leg, crossing both

the hip and knee joint. !t is named "biceps# because it has twoheads and "femoris# because it runs the length of the femur bone.

The major action of the biceps femoris is to $e% the lower leg.

&emitendinosus

The semitendinosus is another member of the hamstring muscle

group. !t runs down the middle back of the thigh. !t runs from the

pelvic bone all the way to the lower leg crossing both the hip and

knee joint. !t receives its name from the fact that it has a long

tendon that attaches the belly of the muscle to the lower leg. The

major action of the semitendinosus is to $e% the lower leg.

&emimembranosus

The semimembranosus is the third member of the hamstring muscle

group. !t is a muscle that runs down the back and inner portion of

the thigh. !t runs from the pelvic bone all the way to the lower leg

crossing both the hip and knee joint. !t is called the

semimembranosus because the muscle is wrapped in a membrane

that connects it to its sibling, the semitendinosus. The major action

of the semimembranosus is to $e% the lower leg.

'ectus emoris

The rectus femoris is a member of the quadriceps muscle group. !t

is a straight muscle that runs down the middle of the front of the

thigh from the pelvic bone all the way to the lower leg crossing both

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the hip and knee joint. The term "rectus# refers to the straight

shape of the muscle while the term "femoris# describes the fact

that the muscle runs the length of the femur bone. The major action

of the rectus femoris is to e%tend the lower leg but it also is

responsible for hip $e%ion.

(astus )ateralis

The vastus lateralis is a wide muscle that is part of the quadriceps

muscle group. !t runs down the front and outside of the thigh from

the femur to the lower leg crossing only the knee joint. !t is named

"vastus# because it vast or wide and "lateralis# because it is the

most lateral or outside of all the quadriceps muscles. The major

action of the vastus lateralis is to e%tend the lower leg.

(astus *edialis

The vastus medialis is another member of the quadriceps muscle

group. This wide muscle runs down the front and inside of the thigh

from the femur to the lower leg crossing only the knee joint. !t is

named "vastus# because it vast or wide and "medialis# because it is

medial or to the inside of the leg. The major action of the vastus

medialis is to e%tend the lower leg.

(astus !ntermedius

The vastus intermedius is the fourth member of the quadricepsmuscle group. !t is a wide muscle running down the middle of the

thigh and under the rectus femoris. !t e%tends from the femur to the

lower leg crossing only the knee joint. !t is named "vastus# because

it vast or wide and "intermedius# because it is intermediate or in

between of the other two vastus muscles. The major action of the

vastus intermedius is to e%tend the lower leg.

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