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PCI Schools

Published Monthly by thePRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTEEditor: Robert C. Eaman

Vol. 14, No. 10October, 1968

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PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTE

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Assignment for School Planners:Make Design FlexibleThe design of educational facilities is ultimately a reflection of educational techniques. Team teaching, smaller schools,individual study, new teaching aids, andother recent innovations in the field haveall left their mark on facility design. Moreand more, flexibility, uncommitted useof space, and the move away from departmentalization have become increasingly evident,

When major program modificationsoccur, the educational adequacy of existing school plants decreases significantly.This conclusion was drawn from a studywhich analyzed the impact of programchanges on school plants. Walls betweenadjacent rooms which too often are load-bearing and not easily moved was citedas one of the items contributing to thereduction in plant adequacy. Other factors were classroom shortages and classrooms which were too small.

What does this mean? The significanceof the above conclusions points the fingerat poor planning of the building at thetime it was commissioned. Too oftenbuildings have been designed with onlypresent or near term needs in mind. Theresult: early obsolescence.

But by building in flexibility to accommodate changes as they occur, schools canbe made to serve the needs of the educational system now and in the future too.

How can flexibility be “designed in”?One way, which has gained favor since

1957, has been the development ofschools without interior partitions. Tosome, these “open-space” schools are alogical outcome of efforts to develop adegree of flexibility of teaching areas sufficient to permit teaching procedures tobe adapted to a great variety and rangeof differences now recognized amongstudents.

Dr. James P. McCormick, vice president for student affairs, Wayne StateUniversity, says, “In the light of veryrapid technological change, we should

At right, the double tees rest on modified inverted single tees placed at rightangles to them. Flange facing interior hasbeen eliminated; the other flange forms24 to 41-ft. long sunshades over classroom windows.

plan and build buildings with a high degree of flexibility. Interior spaces shouldlend themselves to rapid, easy and inexpensive modification.”

How can prestressed concrete help?Multi-purpose corridors, cafeterias,

gymnasiums, auditoriums and classrooms can all be created with long-spanning prestressed components. Thisenables the planner to eliminate interiorpartitions or to use moveable partitionsmounted from the ceiling and roofmembers.

Economy in construction time is realized, as well as economies in materialcosts. Exterior wall space can be expensive, but precast components and use ofrepetitive modular precast building elements in other areas can pull down costs.

For acoustical problems, lighting, heating and air-conditioning, and in maintenance, precast, prestressed concrete alsooffers advantages over other building

materials. For the modern school plant,to attain flexibility, esthetics, and economy, more school planners/designers areturning to prestressed concrete.

The CoverBishop Grandin Academic-Vocational High School, pictured on thismonth’s cover, was also the subjectfor the May, 1968 PCITEMS cover.That issue covered panels, a subjectwhich the school fit into neatly.However, the school is also an outstanding example of structural applications of prestressed concrete components, and more on the schoolmay be found on pages 4 and 5 ofthis issue.

Pomona Junior High SchoolSpring Valley, New York

Arch.: Sherwood, Mills & Smith; Eng.: Fromme & Vosganian, and Fraloli, Slum & Yesselman; prestressed concreteC. W. Blakeslee & Sons.

Inverted single tees form bus canopywith generous rain protection.

Site plan shows layout of school. Morethan 120 prestressed columns and 65girders and beams were used in theschool’s framing system.

Pomona Junior High School, Spring Valley, N. Y., lies in a school district thathas been growing by leaps and bounds.Consequently, when the school wasbuilt during 1966-67, it required fast construction time while achieving estheticdistinctiveness.

Chosen to achieve this was an exposedprestressed concrete structural systemwith double and single tees forming floorand roof frames. Nearly 700 5-ft. widedouble tees, 13 to 53-ft. long, were usedexposed throughout for the classroomwing.

Paired single tees with 2-ft wide skylightsrunning entire length of roof were usedin school’s gymnasium. Skylight providesnatural daylight. Auditorium also wasroofed with the 6 to 8-ft. wide singletees.

CLASSIIOOM WING

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Bishop Grandin Academic-VocationalHigh SchoolCalgary, Alberta, Canada

Precast load-bearing wall panels which support a 16-in, double tee roofspanning 35 ft. and 42 ft. 6 in. are the most unusual feature of BishopGrandin Academic-Vocational High School, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The 230,000-sq.-ft. school is a typical three story classroom structurewith a precast, reinforced concrete column and beam frame for the firsttwo floors and prestressed double tees and Lin Y’s serving as floor androof members. The corridor is supported by prestressed 8-in, extrudedhollow cores spanning 15 ft. 6 in.

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Wall details show howprecast wall panels serveas frame for third floorand support roof members. In other sections ofthe building, wall panelsare three stories high (seephoto below).

Wall panel, 27 ft. 6 in. in height, is lowered into place. It will rest on a cast-in-place load bearing exterior wall. Behindpanel is precast, reinforced concreteframing system on which rests prestressed double tee floor members. Inclassroom area, double tees span 35 ft.on one side of corridor and 27 ft. onother side.

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Arch.: Cohos, DeleSalle & Evamy; prestressed concrete by Con-Force Products Ltd.

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Completed view of building shows relationships of various exterior wall members. End wall panels have 8-in, riverrocks embedded in them for extra textureand emphasis. Wall panels at left may beremoved to build addition to building,then reused on new wall.

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Panel member helping to make up exterior mural is swung into place. Finisheson wall panels varied from form finishing to deep sandblasting. As in end wallpanels, 8-in, river rock was used in muralpanels.

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Wall tees are in a “stem out” position toprovide smooth interior walls withflanges. Window and mechanical openings were cast in the tees and variationsof stem depth and flange width wereused. Also, cutting back the stem orremoving flanges entirely to form freecolumns were other innovations employed.

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John F. Kennedy Elementary SchoolSomerville, Massachusetts

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Tees, concrete masonry interior walls anda brick exterior wall combined to produce this effect in stairwell. Building has61,000 sq. ft. of space and cost $1.28million.

Between 370 and 400 pretensioned and post-tensioned precast concrete components,80 percent of them tees, were used in the John F. Kennedy Elementary School inSomerville, Mass.

Prestressed, precast concrete was chosen to reduce maintenance and to make possible the use of standard manufactured shapes for floors, roofs, and load bearing walls.

The basic structural system uses prestressed giant tees on 8 ft. centers. In the classroom wing, 3-ft. tees resting on brick bearing walls act as the second floor. They inturn pick up the load from 2-ft. third floor tees and roof tees. These loads are transmitted by wall tees connected to floors and roof by shear plates.

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Load-bearing brick walls on ground floorform foundation for the precast concrete“box” created by architect. This devicehelped overcome site restrictions.

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Arch.: Drummey Rosane Anderson, Inc.; Eng.: Paul F. Rittenburg; precast and prestressed concrete by San-Va! Concrete Ca)

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Red Oak Elementary SchoolMerrimac, MassachusettsDesire for a flexible environment in which teachers may experiment and develop newmethods of teaching and which would permit expansion of the building in diversedirections led to the use of precast, prestressed concrete components for the shell ofRed Oak Elementary School, Merrimac, Mass.

A major challenge in accomplishing this was to build at costs competitive with otherschool construction. Therefore, it was deemed essential to use purchasable, “off theshelf,” locally available building products. Precast, prestressed concrete met this need.

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The school was conceived on a modularbasis and designed with clear 70-ft. spansto allow completely flexible use of spaceinside. Each module is 7,000 sq. ft. inarea.

Closeup shows the use of singletees as wall components. In addition, 50 precast panels with exposed aggregate finish were usedin the 30,000-sq.-ft. building.

The building shell is composed of 26giant single tee beams with 70-ft. spans,and 52 12 and 20-ft. columns. The longclear spans available plus the simple,quick erection helped in choice of prestressed concrete.

Arch.: Lord & Den Hartzog; Eng.: Robert M. Rumpf & Assoc.; precast & prestressed concrete by Structural Concrete Corp.

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PCI Names W Burr Bennett New Executive Director

W. Burr Bennett has been named executive director and chief administrativeofficer for the Prestressed Concrete Institute in Chicago. Bennett succeeds thelate Robert J. Lyman, who was killed inan automobile accident July 16.

Bennett assumes the directorship afterhaving been with the Portland CementAssociation for the past 12 years in van-

Bennett

ous capacities. He was named directorof the Engineering Design and StandardsDepartment during the reorganization ofPCA in June.

Prior to joining PCA, Bennett was plantengineer for three years for FrontierDolomite Concrete Products, a producerof prestressed concrete structural unitsin Lockport, N. Y. He had moved to Frontier after having served as a bridge de

Also Selects NewPublications Director

Robert C. Eaman has been named publications director for the Prestressed Concrete Institute in Chicago, replacingEdward D. Dionne. Dionne has taken aposition as publications editor with ThePerkins & Will Partnership, architects, inChicago.

Eaman comes to the position from thePortland Cement Association in Skokie,Ill., where he was with the Public Information Section. He has a B.S. degree injournalism from the University of Illinois.

In his new position, Eaman will beresponsible for editing PCITEMS and willhandle special publications of the Institute. Two new books to be published bythe Institute were announced earlier inthe year and will be produced underhis guidance. They will deal with applications of prestressed and precast concrete in commercial-industrial buildings,and in apartment and multi-story residential buildings.

signer for the Niagara County (N. Y.)Dept. of Highways.

Bennett is a 1950 graduate of SyracuseUniversity with a B.S. in Civil Engineering.He is a registered professional engineerNew York and Pennsylvania, and is amember of the American Society of CivilEngineers, American Concrete Institute,Building Research Institute, USASI,RCRC, and CIB.

New Book DeadlineThe deadline for commercial and industrial book material submission by architects, engineers, contractors, prestressers,and other interested parties has beenmoved back from Sept. 30, 1968, toDec.16.

November PCITEMS will feature ParkingStructures. In addition, a report on PCI’sannual convention in Seattle will be presented.

PCITEMS welcomes material on theapplication of precast and prestressedconcrete. Send material to: The Editor,

PCITEMS.

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INSTITUTE a PCI

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October, 1968

Eaman

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