quo vadis redd+ after paris? -...
TRANSCRIPT
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Global Analysis for March 2016, published online April 2016, retrieved on April 28, 2016 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201603.
February 2016 was the warmest February in 136 years
Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (2016, March 14) GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP). Accessed March 14, 2015.
Consensus: the Earth is getting warmer …
Carbon dioxide concentration has never been higher in 650,000 years.
Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the
net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
What are being said in the 2015 Paris Agreement on REDD+ and its related issues?
2015 | Paris Agreement
• Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change;
• Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production;
• Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
Emissions Scenarios
REDD+ in the 2015 Paris Agreement
Article 5, Paragraph 1 | Parties should take action to conserve and enhance, as appropriate, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases as referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1(d), of the Convention, including forests.
Article 5, Paragraph 2 | Parties are encouraged to take action to implement and support, including through results-based payments, the existing framework as set out in related guidance and decisions already agreed under the Convention for: policy approaches and positive incentives for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries; and alternative policy approaches, such as joint mitigation and adaptation approaches for the integral and sustainable management of forests, while reaffirming the importance of incentivizing, as appropriate, non-carbon benefits associated with such approaches.
Market “Mechanism” in the Paris Agreement Article 6, Paragraph 4 | A mechanism to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and support sustainable development is hereby established under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement for use by Parties on a voluntary basis. It shall be supervised by a body designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement, and shall aim:
(a) To promote the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions while fostering sustainable development; (b) To incentivize and facilitate participation in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by public and private entities authorized by a Party; (c) To contribute to the reduction of emission levels in the host Party, which will benefit from mitigation activities resulting in emission reductions that can also be used by another Party to fulfil its nationally determined contribution; and (d) To deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions.
Article 6, Paragraph 5 | Emission reductions resulting from the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article shall not be used to demonstrate achievement of the host Party’s nationally determined contribution if used by another Party to demonstrate achievement of its nationally determined contribution.
Market “Mechanism” in the Paris Agreement Article 6, Paragraph 6 | The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from activities under the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. Article 6, Paragraph 7 | The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall adopt rules, modalities and procedures for the mechanism referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article at its first session. Article 6, Paragraph 8 | Parties recognize the importance of integrated, holistic and balanced non-market approaches being available to Parties to assist in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions, in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, in a coordinated and effective manner, including through, inter alia, mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology transfer and capacity-building, as appropriate. These approaches shall aim to:
(a) Promote mitigation and adaptation ambition; (b) Enhance public and private participation in the implementation of nationally determined contributions; and (c) Enable opportunities for coordination across instruments and relevant institutional arrangements.
Green Climate Fund
REDD+ in Indonesia: A Walk Through Time
2020 Emission reduction targets, Indonesia in RANGRK
Forestry and peat, 1.039, 87%
Waste, 0.078, 7%
Energy and transportation,
0.056, 5%
Agriculture, 0.011, 1%
Industry, 0.005, 0%
In gigatons (gt, billion tons), and in percentages
“In the field of the environment and forestry, the two countries have agreed to continue the REDD+ which implementation has begun since 2010.” Joint Statement, Presiden Jokowi, Indonesia, and Prime Minsister Erna Solberg, Norwegia.
Indonesian REDD+ Goals
REDD • Reducing emissions from deforestation;
• Reducing emissions from degradation of forests and/or peat lands;
+ • Maintaining and enhancing carbon stocks through sustainable conservation of forests and/or rehabilitation and restoration of degraded forests; and
• Providing benefits from increased ecosystem services, biodiversity, and prosperity of the local and indigenous communities.
Five Pillars of the National REDD+ Strategy
Institutions and process
Legal framework and regulations
Changing of paradigm and work ethics
Stakeholder engagement
Strategic programs
• Reduced emissions
• Forest carbon stocks enhanced
• Biodiversity and ecosystem services maintained.
• Economy grows
The REDD+ Management Agency according to the Presidential Regulation No. 62/2013
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REDD+ Agency
1. Ministerial level, and reports directly to the President;
2. National Authority on REDD+
3. One Chair and four Deputies, assisted by up to 60 professional staff.
National REDD+ Strategy
REDD+ Agency
Financing Instruments MRV institution
1
2 3
Strategic Programs Provincial Programs
Presidential Regulation No. 62/2013
The REDD+ Implementation Phases
2010 2020 2015
PHASE 1: READINESS
PHASE 2: TRANSFORMATION
PHASE 3: FULL RESULT-BASED IMPLEMENTATION
Establishment of REDD+ Task Force
Establishment of BPREDD+
Implementation of 10 imperatives
Implementation of Time-Sensitive
Achievements of the Results Framework for Phase 2
Establishment of FREDDI 3.0
Establishment of FREDDI 2.0
Establishment of FREDDI 1.0
Achievement of REDD+ Objectives
Results Framework REDD+ 2020..
1. Indonesia achieves emission reduction targets of 2020 of up to 41 percent below business-as-usual through result-based REDD+ mechanism;
2. Indonesia achieves economic growth of 7 percent with equitable prosperity down to the site levels;
3. Indonesia maintained biodiversity and other ecosystem services;
4. Indonesia clarifies and protects land and land use rights of local and indigenous communities so that land-based conflicts are prevented and/or resolved.
5 Prerequisites and 10 Imperatives
5 prerequisites
• Provincial Strategy and Action Plan (SRAP);
• Baseline data and cadastral maps;
• Subnational REDD+ Management Institution;
• MOU with provincial and kabupaten governments;
• MRV and REL
10 imperatives
• Moratorium monitoring and One Map;
• Land-based lincensing;
• Support for law enforcement;
• Mapping of indigenous land and capacity development;
• Addressing forest and peatland fires;
• Green village;
• Green school;
• Support for spatial planning;
• Support for conflict resolution;
• Strategic program to save national parks and protected forests.
Priority Portfolio to 2020
• Integrating REDD+ Agenda into Indonesian development plan until 2020;
• Strengthening required institutional capacity to implement REDD+;
• Making REDD+ an agenda that receives public support internationally, nationally, subnationally, and at the site levels.
• Addressing major causes of deforestation, namely (1) forest and peatland fires, commodity supply chains and strategic industrial practices, and (3) land-based conflicts;
• Increasing incentives and access to green development at the national, subnational, and site levels (including through community-based natural resource management);
• Ensuring the availability of legal and licensing frameworks to support the implementation of REDD+ and green development in Indonesia.
Jurisdictional Approach/JA in the implementation of REDD+
REDD+ Jurisdictional Approach is a national approach where REDD+ is implemented, administered, and measured through governmental unit at the levels of the provinces, kabupatens, or villages with consolidated REDD+ performance at the national level.
Goverment
Local and indigenous
communities
Private Sector
Phase 2 Results Framework | to be achieved by the end of 2016
1. Indonesia is ready institutionally and operationally to fully implement result-based REDD+; and
2. Some of the goals of REDD+ in Indonesia have been achieved in some areas and regions.
Monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) | ensuring emissions reduction
Formulating of (and validation at the international level) Forest Reference Emissions Level (FREL).
Monitoring of the development of land use and peat change, emissions change, at the national, sites, and detailed sites.
Emissions change = monitored emissions – FREL Emissions
International reporting and verification
REDD+ has been operational from Aceh to Papua (11 Provinces, 76 Kabupatens)
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Kalimantan Tengah
Aceh
Riau
Jambi
Sumatera Selatan
Kalimantan Timur
Kalimantan Barat Sulawesi
Tengah Papua Barat
Papua
West Sumatera
1. Merangin
2. Tebo
3. Muaro Jambi
4. Kerinci
5. Bungo
6. Sarolangun
7. Batang Hari
8. Tanjabtim
9. Tanjabbar
1. Agam
2. Darmasraya
3. Limapuluh Kota
4. Tanah Datar
5. Mentawai
6. Solok
7. Solok Selatan
8. Sijunjung
9. Padang Pariaman
10. Pasaman Barat
11. Pasaman
12. Peisisir Selatan
13. Kota Padang
1. Aceh Barat
2. Aceh Besar
3. Nagan Raya
4. Aceh Barat
Daya
5. Subussalam
6. Aceh Singkil
7. Aceh Timur
8. Aceh Tamiang
9. Aceh Tanggara
10. Bener Meriah
1. Bengkalis
2. Dumai
3. Indragiri Ilir
4. Indragiri Ulu
5. Kampar
6. Kep. Meranti
7. Kuantan Sengigi
8. Pelalawan
9. Pekanbaru
10. Rokan Hulu
11. Rokan Hilir
12. Siak
1. Ogan Komering Ilir
2. Banyu Asin
3. Musi Banyu Asin
4. Musi Rawas
5. Empat Lawang
6. Kota Pagaralam
7. Muara Enim
8. Lahat
9. Ogan Ilir
MoUdalam
persiapan 1. Tambraw
2. Manokwari
3. Sorong Selatan
4. Raja Ampat
5. Teluk Wondana
1. Jayapura
2. Merauke
3. Asmat
4. Membramo
5. Mappi
6. Puncak Jaya
1. Barito Selatan
2. Kapuas
3. Kota Waringin
Timur
4. Pulang Pisau
5. Gunung Mas
6. Katingan
7. Murung Raya
1. Berau
2. Kutai
Kartanegara
3. Mahakam Hulu
4. Kutai Barat
1. Donggala
2. Toli Toli
3. Sigi
4. Tojo Unauna
5. Parigi Moutong
Cetak miring: belum MoU
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Date : 1 September 2014
Location : The office of the vice president, Jakarta
National Program for the recogition and protection of indigenous communti rights through REDD+
Research and Education Network on REDD+, APIK
Special case of phase 3 financing
Results-based payments means that donor will only make the payment when and only when there are measured and verified results. In the Indonesia-Norway cooperation, most of the $800 million in Phase 3 will only be disbursed when there are verified results. But to achieve results, there is a need for financing, while public financing is limited and most likely already allocated for other, more pressing developmental needs. There is a need to finance these efforts that the large portion needs to be done by the private sector, with investment scheme that allows for returns on their investments when results are achieved, measured, and verified.
Towards 2020
• Ending Phase 2 and Starting Phase 3: Full Results-Based Implementation;
• MRV Institutions and Protocols; • FREL updates; • INDC updates;
• Funding Instruments; • Pre-financing the results-based activities; • Role of private investors; • Mobilizing more resources;
• Engagement with other stakeholders, but specifically with private sector;
• Special attention to forest and peatland forests; • Coordination with the BRG (Peatland Agency).
Beyond 2020
• More ambitious and stringent reduction activities;
• Adjusted BAU;
• Adjusted INDC;
• Less potential in the forestry and land use sector.
• More emphasis on private financing;
• Maturing market mechanism.
Thank you | Terima kasih