Quiz #4• Which organization was a domestic political compromise,

lessening fears in Congress of international control of the U.S. economy?: a.) the World Bank, b.) the International Monetary Fund, c.) the United Nations, d.) the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, e.) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

• Which doctrine attempted to contain the expansion of Soviet influence in the Third World by providing support to anti-Soviet movements?: a.) Truman Doctrine, b.) Nixon Doctrine, c.) Carter Doctrine, d.) Reagan Doctrine, e.) Eisenhower Doctrine.

• What joint review of American security policy laid out U.S. efforts to oppose Soviet expansion during the Cold War?: a.) NSC-68, b.) IPA-50, c.) NSC-4, d.) CMC-62, e.) the Patriot Act.

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Structure, Strife, and Instability

Erik Gartzke POLI 142, Lecture 6

July 18, 2011

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Planting the Flag

• Three elements of Post-WWII US Foreign policy

• Structure

• Strife

• Stability

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Structure

• The world is divided up into two systems

• “irreconcilable differences”

• The Situation after World War II

• Kennan Letter from “Mr. X”

• Truman Doctrine: aid anti-communists (Greece, Korea, Latin America, Iran, Laos)

• John Foster Dulles --> containment

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Structure II

• 1947 National Security Act

• No tradition of peacetime military (well...)

• Establishes the DoD, CIA

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Bulwark of U.S. containment strategy

• Resurrect Germany, Japan

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Strife

• Cold War

• Nuclear Stalemate

• Proxy wars

• Economic competition

• “Soft power” strategies

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Strife

• Parallels between Vietnam and Iraq

• Grand strategy

• Strategy

• Tactics

• Differences

• Iraq is “last war of Cold War”

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Strife II

• Detente

• Nixon’s grand strategy (Kissinger)

• Defuse proxy wars (Middle East / Vietnam)

• Open up to Russia

• Open up to China

• Play each off against the other

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Policy Ebb and Flow

• US policy in the Cold War is basically static

• But varies by administration

• Variation driven more by personality and circumstances than by partisanship

• Reagan Doctrine = Truman Doctrine

• Nixon more moderate than Kennedy

• Carter Doctrine extends US into M. East

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Stability• Strategic Cold War “triangle”

• USSR / US / China

• Nixon (Kissinger) upsets the triangle

• Sino-US rapprochement threatens USSR

• Soviets consider more desperate options

• War with the United States

• Radical reduction of Cold War tensions

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

Stability

• End of the Cold War

• Economic (Command economy is inefficient, Soviet defense spending 33% of GDP)

• Political (Stress of military competition is a “wedge,” choice between moderate hard line)

• Andropov faction wins, then loses (dies)

• Gorbachev: perestroika, glasnost.

Wednesday, July 20, 2011