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Quick Review Substance Abuse: What were the classifications of substances we covered in class? What were some of the substances we learned about in class? What were some of the common side effects for each?

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Non-Substance Related Addictions We will briefly discuss the top 8 most common non- substance addictions Any guesses as to what they are?

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Non-Substance Related Addictions Gambling Hoarding/Collecting Work TV/Internet/Video Games/Cell Phone Pornography/Sex/Masturbation Exercise/Body Building Spending/Shopping Food ** (can be considered a substance)

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Non-Substance Related Addictions Pause to discuss: What are the dangers of each? What constitutes an addiction?

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Eating Disorders What are eating disorders? An illness that causes serious disturbances in your everyday diet These illnesses can range from eating very little every day to extreme overeating May have started out just eating less or more food on a daily basis Then the urge to eat more or less spirals out of control

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Eating Disorders Eating disorders can also be characterized by an extreme concern/preoccupation with weight, shape, and/or body image Commonly appear during teen years but can start in early childhood or even well into adulthood Affect both men and women, however much more common in women

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Eating Disorders Common eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge eating EDNOS (Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified)

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Eating Disorders Eating Disorders are real, treatable medical illnesses Frequently coexist with other disorders such as: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, childhood trauma/neglect, issues with self-confidence and self-image If not treated, eating disorders can cause serious health issues and even death

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Anorexia Nervosa Characterized by: Extreme thinness (emaciation) Extremely restricted eating Relentless pursuit to lose weight/be thin Refusal to eat full meals or gain weight Unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight Distorted self-image Low self-confidence Denial of unhealthy weight Lack of menstruation for females

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Anorexia Nervosa Most people suffering from anorexia consider themselves overweight Think about looking in a fun house mirrorthey dont see what everyone else sees.they only see flaws and amplify them as Im fat and associate this with worthlessness and ugliness Eating, food, and weight control become obsessions

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Anorexia Nervosa People with anorexia may also engage in binge eating followed by a form of purging: Extreme dieting/fasting Extreme exercise Self-induced vomiting Misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and diet pills ** We will discuss purging more when we review Bulimia Nervosa

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Anorexia Nervosa Harmful side effects: Death Brain damage Organ failure (leading to death) Infertility Weakened and fragile bones (early onset of osteoporosis) Weakened and wasting muscles (atrophy) Brittle hair and nails (hair loss) Loss of teeth Dry, yellowish skin Severe constipation Constant fatigue Moodiness, irritability, and depression Lowered core temperature (always feeling cold)

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Anorexia Nervosa: VIDEOS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS2mfWDryPE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS2mfWDryPE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFvb1Hxz4To&feature=rel mfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFvb1Hxz4To&feature=rel mfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Git2_X74_c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Git2_X74_c

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Anorexia Nervosa: Activity Go to the following website: http://www.medicinenet.com/anorexia_nervosa/article.htm Answer the following questions: 1. What is anorexia nervosa? 2. Who is at risk? 3. What are the causes? 4. How is anorexia diagnosed? 5. What are the signs and symptoms? 6. What is the treatment for anorexia nervosa? 7. What is the prognosis of anorexia? 8. Where can a person get help for anorexia?

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Bulimia Nervosa Characterized by frequent episodes of uncontrollable overeating and purging These binge-eating episodes are then followed by behaviors to compensate for the overeating such as: Forced vomiting Misuse of diuretics, laxatives, enemas Fasting Excessive exercise Or a combination of 2 or more of these behaviors

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Bulimia Nervosa Unlike anorexia nervosa, people suffering from bulimia nervosa often maintain a normal or healthy-looking weight This makes it hard to identify who is suffering from this disease

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Bulimia Nervosa Like anorexia, however, those suffering from bulimia are constantly unhappy with their weight and disgusted with how they look

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Bulimia Nervosa Purging is often done in secret because it is accompanied by feelings of shame, embarrassment, disgust, etc. The binging-purging cycle can occur a few times a week or even a few times a day

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The Binge-Purge Cycle

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Binge Eating Signs/Symptoms Lack of control over eating Inability to stop eating. Eating until the point of physical discomfort and pain. Secrecy surrounding eating Going to the kitchen after everyone else has gone to bed. Going out alone on unexpected food runs. Wanting to eat in privacy. Eating unusually large amounts of food with no obvious change in weight. Disappearance of food, numerous empty wrappers or food containers in the garbage, or hidden stashes of junk food. Alternating between overeating and fasting Rarely eats normal meals. Its all-or-nothing when it comes to food.

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Purging Signs/Symptoms Going to the bathroom after meals Frequently disappears after meals or takes a trip to the bathroom to throw up. May run the water to disguise sounds of vomiting. Using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas after eating. May also take diet pills to curb appetite or use the sauna to sweat out water weight. Smell of vomit The bathroom or the person may smell like vomit. They may try to cover up the smell with mouthwash, perfume, air freshener, gum, or mints. Excessive exercising Works out strenuously, especially after eating. Typical activities include high-intensity calorie burners such as running or aerobics.

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Physical Signs/Symptoms Calluses or scars on the knuckles or hands from sticking fingers down the throat to induce vomiting. Puffy chipmunk cheeks caused by repeated vomiting. Discolored teeth from exposure to stomach acid when throwing up. May look yellow, ragged, or clear. Not underweight Men and women with bulimia are usually normal weight or slightly overweight. Being underweight while purging might indicate a purging type of anorexia. Frequent fluctuations in weight Weight may fluctuate by 10 pounds or more due to alternating episodes of bingeing and purging.

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Bulimia Nervosa Health risks of bulimia nervosa: Death Chronically inflamed and sore throat Swollen glands in the jaw and neck area Multiple stomach problems Acid reflux (heart burn) Decaying teeth (from stomach bile) Severe dehydration Electrolyte imbalance (which can lead to heart attack) Loss of hair, fingernails Skin discoloration

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Bulimia Nervosa: VIDEOS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zuDNSzO3zA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zuDNSzO3zA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qP0twyqBWIk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qP0twyqBWIk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vG9Ixcp06A&feature=fvst http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vG9Ixcp06A&feature=fvst http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHZesejU6tU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHZesejU6tU

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Bulimia Nervosa: Assignment Go to the following website: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/bulimia_signs_symptoms_caus es_treatment.htm Answer the following questions: 1. What is bulimia nervosa? 2. Draw the binge/purge cycle. 3. What are the causes and risk factors? 4. What are the signs and symptoms? 5. What are the effects of bulimia? 6. Where can a person get help for bulimia? 7. Describe the treatment for bulimia. 8. How can you help a person suffering from bulimia?

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Excessive Eating When a person loses control over his/her eating

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Excessive Eating/Over Eating Unlike bulimia, these binge episodes are not followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise People suffering from binge-eating disorder are usually overweight or obese

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Excessive Eating Can affect men and women of any age

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Excessive Eating Binge eating is usually described as a vicious cycle: Turning to food for comfort Overeating overweight guilt and depression food for comfort overeating I am fat, so now I am sadI am sad, so I eat.I eat, so now I am fat

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Over Eating Very high risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and early death Additional side effects: Organ failure High cholesterol Little to no physical activity Limited movement Low self-confidence Depression

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Overweight vs. Obesity Both terms are labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy **These ranges also represent the increased likelihood of developing certain diseases and illnesses Overweight = 25-29.9 BMI Obese = 30 or above BMI BMI = Body Mass Index BMI is a calculation of your height compared to your weight

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