Questions for discussion

Courtroom cameras 1. Discuss the issues raised in the Courtroom cameras story. 2. What was shown on TV in the trial of Michael Jackson’s doctor? 3. When court cases are reported in Australia, what images do we usually see? 4. In Australia, you’re only allowed to film inside a court room if you apply for

special permission from the judge. True or false? 5. What is the main concern for not allowing cameras in court? 6. Who can go to a court hearing? 7. What are the arguments for filming court cases? 8. Do your own artists sketch of an aspect of the Courtroom cameras story. 9. Do you think TV cameras should be allowed to film court cases? Explain your

answer. 10. What do you understand more clearly since watching this story?

`Should TV cameras be allowed to film inside Australian courts?’ Vote in the BtN online

poll http://www.abc.net.au/btn/

Reef threat

1. What does the BtN Reef threat story mainly explain? 2. What is being processed on an island off the coast of Gladstone in

Queensland? 3. Why is the processing hub important to the mining industry and the

economy? 4. What is dredging and why have they done it? 5. What has happened to the fish in the area? 6. The Great Barrier Reef is not a protected area. True or false? 7. Why are some people concerned about the impact on the Great Barrier Reef? 8. What happened last year when a Chinese ship ran aground? 9. What do you think should happen next? Post your response on the Behind

the News Guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html 10. How has your thinking changed since watching the Reef threat story?

The Great Barrier Reef was one of Australia’s first World Heritage Areas. What does World Heritage mean and why was the Great Barrier Reef chosen? How are World Heritage Areas protected?

Diabetes day

1. What does Jordan eat if the sugar in his blood is low? 2. When you eat, food is turned into a sugar called ___________________. 3. Why is insulin important to our bodies? 4. Diabetics don’t turn glucose into energy. Why? 5. What does Jordan need to do to keep his blood working properly?

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6. Why does Jordan have to check the levels of sugar in his blood? 7. Describe how he checks it. 8. There are different types of diabetes. What are they? 9. Which type do most kids have? 10. What are the causes of type 2 diabetes?

Test your knowledge in the online Diabetes quiz. Go to the BtN website and follow the links.

Mawson centenary

1. Sir Douglas Mawson was an a. Explorer and astrologist b. Geologist and seismologist c. Explorer and geologist.

2. How did Mawson improve communications between Antarctica and Australia?

3. Which island did Sir Douglas Mawson use to help relay messages back to Australia from Antarctica?

4. What sort or work did Mawson do in Antarctica? 5. Describe the working conditions there. 6. What was Mawson and a fellow researcher forced to do when they ran out of

food? 7. Research that scientists do in Antarctica helps them better understand… 8. What are scientists planning to do on the anniversary of Mawson’s

expedition? 9. From the information presented in the BtN story, record what you think are

three important things Sir Douglas Mawson contributed to his field. 10. What values do you admire in Sir Douglas Mawson? Explain your answer.

Sketch a portrait of Sir Douglas Mawson. Encourage students to explore and experiment with different techniques and media to produce their portrait. Around the sketch brainstorm and record important things that Mawson did in his life.

Young drovers

1. Summarise the Young drovers story. 2. What are kids at Ngukurr school learning to do? 3. Where in Australia is Roper Gulf? 4. Why do cattle need to be moved from place to place? 5. What skills are needed to round up cattle on a horse? 6. The students are learning skills that they could use in any job. Give two

examples. 7. What were Indigenous stockmen known for? 8. Do you think it is important to pass these skills on from generation to

generation? Explain your answer. 9. Why did the number of Indigenous stockmen decline? 10. Illustrate an aspect of this story.

Post a message on the Behind the News Guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html

Reef threat Focus Questions

1. What does the BtN Reef threat story mainly explain? 2. What is being processed on an island off the coast of Gladstone in Queensland? 3. Why is the processing hub important to the mining industry and the economy? 4. What is dredging and why have they needed to do it? 5. What has happened to the fish in the area? 6. The Great Barrier Reef is not a protected area. True or false? 7. Why are some people concerned about the impact on the Great Barrier Reef? 8. What happened last year when a Chinese ship ran aground? 9. What do you think should happen next? Post your response on the Behind the

News Guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html 10. How has your thinking changed since watching the Reef threat story?

Reef threat Students choose one of the following investigations about the Great Barrier Reef. Before students begin the investigation, ask them to record what they know about the topic and what they want to find out.

Investigation One – The Debate

Students will explore how and why the Great Barrier Reef is important to different groups of people. Investigate the perspective of each group in the debate about using and protecting the reef.

Mining industry

Environmentalists

Fishing industry

Tourism industry

Prepare a presentation to either support the case for: The environmental protection of the Great Barrier Reef or using an area of the reef for gas processing and export facilities.

Investigation Two – Internet scavenger hunt

Use the internet to find information about the marine life of the Great Barrier

Reef. Find all of the following items (there may be more than one possible

answer):

An animal that feeds on coral

A creature that changes colour

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Learning Area

Society and Environment

Key learning

Students will develop a deeper understanding of the importance of the Great Barrier Reef to different groups of people.

A large fish who stalks and eats other reef animals

An endangered or threatened species

An animal that lives on the reef floor, has five arms and moves slowly

A fish that relies on another creature for protection and shelter

A creature that is poisonous to other animals

Present the research as a slideshow with images and text.

Investigation Three – More about coral reefs

Students investigate the following questions and present their research findings to

a group of students in another class.

What is a coral reef?

What is the Great Barrier Reef?

Why is the coral of the Great Barrier Reef important?

Coral reefs are called the `tropical rainforests of the sea’. Why?

The Great Barrier Reef was one of Australia’s first World Heritage Areas.

What does World Heritage mean and why was the Great Barrier Reef

chosen? How are World Heritage Areas protected?

Related Research Links

ABC Four Corners – Great Barrier Grief

http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2011/11/03/3355047.htm

ABC News – In pictures: Mystery marine disease off Gladstone

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-11-09/gladstone-harbour-in-pictures-and-

quotes/3650296

Australian Government – Great Barrier Reef

http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/great-barrier-reef

UNESCO – Great Barrier Reef

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/154

Mawson centenary Focus Questions

1. Sir Douglas Mawson was an

a. Explorer and astrologist b. Geologist and seismologist c. Explorer and geologist.

2. How did Mawson improve communications between Antarctica and Australia?

3. Which island did Sir Douglas Mawson use to help relay messages back to Australia from Antarctica?

4. What sort or work did Mawson do in Antarctica? 5. Describe the working conditions there. 6. What was Mawson and a fellow researcher forced to do when they ran out of

food? 7. Research that scientists do in Antarctica helps them better understand… 8. What are scientists planning to do on the anniversary of Sir Douglas

Mawson’s expedition? 9. From the information presented in the BtN story, record what you think are

three important things Sir Douglas Mawson contributed to his field. 10. What values do you admire in Sir Douglas Mawson? Explain your answer.

Mawson centenary A biography is the story of a real person’s life, or part of their life, which is written or told by another person.

Students will develop a biography of Sir Douglas Mawson. Establish what students already know about Mawson and his achievements (from the BtN story or prior knowledge they might already have).

What sort of information is included in a biography? What does a biography tell us about a person? The following website has examples of biographies for students to look at http://www.civicsandcitizenship.edu.au/cce/contemporary_gallery,14538.html

Students brainstorm a list of questions about Sir Douglas Mawson. The graphic organiser on the following page will help them to structure the biography. Some possible questions include:

Where and when was Sir Douglas Mawson born?

Why is he famous?

What did he do to become famous?

How has he made an impact on others’ lives?

EPISODE 33

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NOVEMBER 2011

Learning Area

Society and Environment

Key learning

Students will investigate the features of biographies and develop a deeper understanding of the life and achievements of Douglas Mawson.

Discuss with students ways to publish their work. Some possibilities include; an oral presentation, poster, short film or Power Point presentation. Students could create a Sir Douglas Mawson biography gallery in their classroom.

Biography organiser

Sir Douglas Mawson

Personal information Important experiences in

his life

Achievements Why he is important

Further Investigation

Sketch a portrait of Sir Douglas Mawson. Explore and experiment with different techniques and media to produce a portrait. Around the sketch brainstorm and record important things that Mawson did in his life.

Related Research Links

ABC – Australians: Sir Douglas Mawson

http://www.abc.net.au/schoolstv/australians/mawson.htm

Australian Government - Antarctica and Sir Douglas Mawson

http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/antarctica-and-sir-

douglas-mawson

Antarctica – Sir Douglas Mawson

http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/history/people/douglas-mawson

Douglas Mawson - In the Footsteps of Douglas Mawson (interactive)

http://www.mawson.sa.gov.au/ie.htm

BtN: Episode 33 Transcript

15/11/11

On this week's Behind the News.

The two groups going head to head over the Great Barrier Reef.

We learn what it's like to live with diabetes.

And 100 years since his famous trek what do you know about

Sir Douglas Mawson?

Hi I'm Nathan Bazley welcome to Behind the News.

Also on the show today we saddle up and check out this fun but very

important school lesson. But before all that.

Courtroom Cameras

Reporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Most weeks there's a big court story in the news. Recently

we were able to watch as Michael Jackson's doctor was found guilty

of helping to cause his death. But if it was in Australia we wouldn't

have been able to see it. That's because here there are rules which

stop TV cameras filming inside courts. But some people think that

should change. Here's Sarah.

KIDS: Jo Bloggs, you have been charged with the unlawful

destruction of homework and lying to a teacher. How do you plead?

KIDS: Not guilty!

SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: We love a good courtroom drama.

You've got crime, mystery, two sides fighting it out outcomes that

could affect lives. It's no wonder so many TV shows are set in a

courtroom. So how come when it comes to the news court stories tend

to look more like this?

Look familiar? The walk, the covered head, maybe a drawing or two.

It's pretty unusual to see what's going on in the courtroom, whereas in

cases from overseas we see much more.

US JUDGE: We find the defendant, Conrad Murray, guilty.

When this man was tried for his role in Michael Jackson's death in the

US we saw the lawyers, the judge, the jury. We see celebrities break

down in the dock, even celebrity judges and reality TV courtrooms.

We want to you reach whatever potential you have.

That's because in the US, as long as there's no special reason to keep

them secret, many trials can be filmed. Cameras are also allowed in

the courtrooms of several other countries, we've even seen pictures of

Aussies being tried overseas. But in Australia you're only allowed to

film if you apply for special permission from the judge and that hardly

ever happens. The main reason for not allowing cameras in court is

the worry that they might affect the trial. Lawyers or witnesses might

be tempted to perform for the cameras and witnesses might feel too

scared to say what they want to say. Some say that if cameras are

allowed into courtrooms then justice will become entertainment; only

the exciting cases will be filmed.

That doesn't mean you can't see what goes on inside a courtroom.

Anyone, of any age, can walk in off the street and watch what goes on

in lots of courts. As long as they don't have a camera with them. So

usually court reporters have to furiously write down everything that

goes on and special court artists draw scenes from the trial which can

be used by the news.

Some people reckon it should be easier than that. They say justice

should not only be open, it should be accessible to everyone, no

matter where they are. And that in the age of YouTube where

everything is on camera court drawings seem pretty old fashioned.

Some argue that filming court cases is an important way of proving

that justice is being done, that's why overseas big important cases for

big things like war crimes are often filmed. And some say that if it was

easier to watch a whole trial on TV, people would get a better

understanding of the justice system and how and why decisions are

made.

So what do you think?

KID: Let’s let the jury decide

Presenter: Well for this story you're the jury so it's up to you.

Online Poll

The question is:

Should TV cameras be allowed to film inside Australian courts?

To vote just head to our website.

All right time to see what else is making the news.

Here's Tash with the Wire.

The Wire

First to Hawaii where Prime Minister Julia Gillard has been meeting

with world leaders. They're discussing a whole heap of issues with

Europe's debt crisis expected to be a big topic. She also spent some

time with US President Barack Obama.

***

Back home and the Australian Government has come up with a new

plan to make sure kids in remote communities are going to school!

New laws will be introduced this week in some communities in the

Northern territory that will stop families getting welfare payments

and benefits if their kids don't turn up to class.

***

And a whopping 27 whales were trapped on a beach in Tasmania over

the weekend. Most of them died but rescuers were able to save a

couple. They're trying to free the remaining beached whales using

high powered water jets.

Reef Threat

Reporter: Nathan Bazley

INTRO: It's a fight you would've heard about time and time again

the economy versus the environment. This time it's Australia's most

protected natural area the Great Barrier Reef versus our country's

largest economic boom. So how would you balance these two huge

but competing interests? Watch this and make your own call.

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: In the water, the Great Barrier Reef

is about as big and as grand as it gets. On land though, mining is the

giant of the Australian economy. But this is the story of what should

happen when they collide.

Without knowing anything about the issue, it would be easy to just

support one side over the other, and we often get comments from you

like that on our website.

Take the underwater mining story we did a few months ago for

example. There were a lot of comments like this one saying they're

against it, and some like this one saying they're for it.

But there aren't a lot of times when a politician can just say yes or no.

Most of the time they have to find the balance between two sides. So

for the next few minutes, pretend you are a politician and try to make

a call on where you would draw the line.

This story all starts on an island just off the coast of Gladstone in

Queensland, where the state's biggest gas processing hub has just

been opened.

Its job is to process all the gas collected throughout Queensland,

before loading it onto massive tankers and shipping it overseas. It's

really important to mining companies, because they're banking on it

earning them billions in the future. And it's really important to all the

countries that depend on it for energy. So it'll create jobs, investment

in the area and lots of money for the government, which are all good

things.

But for all this trade to happen, heaps of huge ships have to access

this harbour to pick up their loads. And being this big, they need

pretty deep water to be able to float in. So what they've decided to do

is scoop out massive amounts of silt from the bottom. It's called

dredging, and while it does help the ships, it might cause some

problems.

This is Mark and he and his family have fished this area for decades.

But lately, when he puts his nets out, the fish seem to be suffering

from something.

MARK MCMILLAN: That one's bad.

Seafood shops have experienced similar things. So much so, they've

stopped stocking fish caught there.

Of course, as a politician you've had your scientists look into the

problem, and they say some of the fishy issues are just due to a

random parasite.

Or it could be the Queensland floods washing chemicals into the

water. So they say dredging's not at fault. But other scientists say

that's not the full story and you should be more cautious.

There is another problem people have with this development too. It's

right on the edge of the Great Barrier Reef which is a protected area, a

big tourist attraction and a vitally important ecosystem, and some

people fear that as it gets busier and busier with big industrial ships,

damage is inevitable.

Last year, a big Chinese ship ran aground leaking oil and destroying

3ks of reef, so it can happen. So there's your politician's briefing and

as you can see there are no easy decisions. You have lots of people

telling you different things, and lots of money, people's livelihoods,

and whole ecosystems on the line.

So what's your call?

Presenter: Let us know what you'd do in the comments section of our

website.

Quiz 1

OK, time for our first quiz of the show.

The question is:

What body of water surrounds the Great Barrier Reef?

Coral Sea

Tasman Sea

Arafura Sea

Answer: Coral Sea

The Tasman is further south and the Arafura Sea is around the top

end of Australia.

Diabetes Day

Reporter: James Bartold

INTRO: Next to a story about diabetes. Yesterday was World

Diabetes Day. It's a disease you've probably heard about and you

might even know someone who has it. But what does it mean if

you've got diabetes? And how can you get it? James explains.

JAMES BARTOLD, REPORTER: We're here to save a life. Jelly babies

to the rescue. These lollies are on a mission, they've acquired their

target and it's go go go. Jordan has diabetes and that means at times

sugar can be either his best friend or his worst enemy.

Jordan, 9: My diabetes means if I can't control the sugar in my blood,

so if I need sugar I have lollies or if I don't need sugar I have an

injection!

When you eat most of your food is turned into a sugar called glucose.

It gets turned into energy but only with the help of something called

insulin. The problem for diabetics like Jordan is that their bodies

don't make insulin properly and that means the glucose doesn't turn

into energy at all. It stays in the blood, which can make people really

sick. So Jordan needs to inject insulin into his blood with one of these

pens and that gets his blood working properly again. It's something he

needs to do several times every day for the rest of his life.

Jordan: At first it didn't seem, it hurt a lot and I didn't like it but now

it feels much better because I know and I'm used to it.

But too much insulin can also be dangerous especially if you've

skipped a meal, or haven't eaten for a while. So it's a constant

balancing act and that's why Jordan has to regularly check the levels

of sugar in his blood to see if there's too much or not enough.

Jordan: You get the strip and put it in the machine, and you wait for

the machine to load and then you pull this thing and click the button

and you put the blood on and it tells you the reading if you are high or

low or if you need some food or not."

And if it goes too far one way or the other it can either be a jab or a

jelly baby. But if Jordan gets it wrong it can be really serious. He

could even die.

An important thing to know about diabetes is that there are two

different types. One's called type 1 and you probably guessed the other

is called type 2. Most kids with diabetes have type 1. That just means

they may have been born with it. Basically, they're unlucky and they

create no insulin. People with type 2 diabetes normally develop it

when they're a little bit older and it's mainly blamed on poor diet and

lack of exercise. Type 2 diabetics often create some insulin but it

either doesn't work properly or they can't make enough.

But don't think that just because type 2 affects older people more that

you can just ignore it because your eating and exercise habits now

could mean avoiding diabetes in the future. At the moment there's no

cure for either type of diabetes. Although scientists are working to try

to find one but that could be a while off. So for these guys it looks like

there'll be plenty more missions ahead!

Quiz 2

OK we're going to be heading to Antarctica for our next story but

before we do that let's test your knowledge with a quiz.

The question is:

Antarctica has the world's largest what?

Desert

Volcano

Mountain

Answer: Desert

Sounds weird but it's true It's officially a desert because it doesn't get

very much rain. It's so cold that all that normally falls is snow.

Mawson Centenary

Reporter: Nathan Bazley

INTRO: A lot of the stuff we know about Antarctica is thanks to the

work of one man nearly 100 years ago. His name was Sir Douglas

Mawson and he led an adventure there that you wouldn't believe. It

was dangerous desperate and deadly but in the end it opened up the

south to years of research. So on the anniversary of his big trek let's

find out more about him.

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: It's the coldest and windiest

continent on earth. It is the most inhospitable land there is and 100

years ago it captured the interest of one man.

NATHAN: Sir Douglas Mawson was an Australian geologist and

explorer, with a fascination for what might lay around the South Pole.

He had been already been once before and had decided there was a lot

to learn in the frozen wasteland. So he set sail with a team on a

mission to discover more about it. The first challenge they had was

communication, because back 100 years ago they didn't have

anything more technological than basic morse code. And Mawson

realised that messages wouldn't be able to be sent directly from

Antarctica, back home to Australia, because of the long distance

between the two continents. But if the messages were sent from

Antarctica to an island called Macquarie and then back to Australia,

they should be able to reach.

So on that island, he got to work building what would become the first

ever system to send wireless signals from Antarctica. Before that,

there was no way for explorers to communicate with home, so it was a

big achievement in itself. But that was just the start of his

achievements.

That challenge down, Mawson moved on with his team to their target

- Antarctica. They established a base camp which they'd use for a few

years. And from there they'd set out on huge expeditions around the

continent.

While they were there, the team described new plants and animals,

noted the geography of new areas and recorded weather patterns. But

the working conditions weren't great. Huge winds ripped through

them at hundreds of ks per hour most days and the temperature

stayed firmly many, many degrees below zero. And it's those

conditions that would nearly kill him.

This documentary shows a re-enactment of what happened to

Mawson one day, when during a long expedition more than 500ks

from base camp, one of his team members fell through a crevasse and

died instantly. That only left Mawson, a fellow researcher and some of

their sled dogs; and very little in the way of food.

They turned around immediately, but soon had run out of food

completely and were forced to eat some of their sled dogs to survive.

Eventually Mawson's companion also died, leaving him alone with

more than a hundred ks to trek.

30 days after the accident, Mawson arrived back at base camp on foot,

near death from lack of food and frostbite. Even after that experience,

he stayed on in Antarctica for another year, continuing his research

after his recovery. And by the time he returned back to Australia, he

had filled many books with his findings.

Since those days, Antarctic research has been an important part of

Australia's scientific efforts. Scientists use the area to better

understand the global climate, by doing all sorts of interesting and

high-tech experiments. And next month, 100 years after Sir Douglas

Mawson set off on his famous expedition; scientists are looking to

retrace his steps once again, showing just what an amazing path he

courageously blazed.

Presenter: And the Australian Antarctic Division is running a

competition for school kids to go with this story. If you or your class

want to take part there's a link to all the competition details on the

BtN website. OK, let's move onto sport next, here's Tash with the

Score

The Score

In Golf, Tiger Woods had an up and down weekend at the Australian

Open. The former world number one was on fire on the opening two

days and raced to the lead. But Tiger fell away in the final two rounds

finishing third. The open was won by an Aussie, Greg Chalmers.

***

In Basketball the stand out game for the round was Sydney's overtime

victory over the Adelaide 36ers. When the buzzer went for full time

the two teams couldn't be separated with scores all locked up at 96-

96. But in extra time the kings stepped it up pulling away from

Adelaide. The final score was 113 to 104.

***

And hurdles world champion Sally Pearson has been awarded world

female athlete of the year. She's the first ever Australian to win the

award. This season Pearson has won 15 of the 16 100m hurdles races.

Young Drover

Reporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Imagine if your school lessons involved riding a horse

through 60ks of outback terrain chasing cattle and sleeping under

the stars. Sound pretty cool? Well as Sarah reports, that's what some

kids in the Northern Territory have been doing and at the same time,

they're keeping alive a proud Aussie tradition. And there's a

warning for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers this story

contains images of people who have died.

SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: They worked all day in the dust and

the heat driving cattle through unforgiving country. These Indigenous

stockmen were heroes of the bush, the backbone of the Aussie cattle

industry. And these are the kids who are riding in their footsteps.

SANDRA, Student: I want to learn how to be stock girl and cowboy

girl.

Sandra and her classmates from Ngukurr school have been learning

what it takes to work in the cattle industry. They're driving a herd of

cattle about 60-ks across the dry and dusty Roper Gulf country. It's

here in the top end of Australia. Up here cattle stations can stretch for

hundreds of thousands of hectares and cattle have to be moved from

place to place for sale or for medical attention or to find water. And

while that's a job that's often done by machines, horses still have a

role to play.

To round up cattle you have to be a pretty good rider and trainers like

Toby reckon these kids have what it takes

TOBY GORRINGE, Muster Trainer: They've just got natural skills and

they're balanced and reflexes are just incredible. If the horse jumps,

they're just right with them, doesn't worry them.

Sandra: I like making my horse know me.

Michael: It's good fun to ride a horse.

Ngukurr school has its own herd of cattle and pens as well as 15

horses which the kids have to look after.

SANDRA: We take them to school every Friday, sometimes some

horse fight for feed when we call them name they hear us and they

run. When I say roper he is running at me and bumps me like that.

MICHAEL: Brush him make him have shower and feed him put the

nose bag on him and take them saddle and bridle off.

While some of these guys would like to work in the cattle industry,

their teachers say all of them are learning skills that they could use in

any job.

TOBY GORRINGE: Once they learn to be able to look after a horse,

they can look after anything. Because that's part of what they've got to

do when they go and work on the mines or on the council or mechanic

- doesn't matter, they look after their own tools then and look after

the truck they're driving. It's all about teaching them to be

responsible, that's what it's all about.

It's also pretty significant for a lot of people around here to see kids

learning the skills that their grandparents were famous for.

Indigenous stockmen were known for their skill in the saddle, their

knowledge of the bush and their ability to handle the harsh conditions

of life on the land but they weren't properly paid for what they did.

They got much less than white stockmen for doing the same job, and

in the 60s, they started to demand better.

Eventually protests led to better pay and conditions, but fewer

Indigenous people took jobs as stockmen.

TOBY GORRINGE: This country was built on the backbone of the

Aboriginal stockman in the cattle industry, but they're all gone. They

don't do it anymore, but I'd like to see it come back.

Who knows? Maybe these guys are the stock men and women of

tomorrow but whatever happens, they've proven that they've got what

it takes to do a job that helped to shape Australia.

Closer

That looks like great fun. Well, sadly that's it for this week's show. I'll

see you next time.