Questions• Describe Hamilton’s vision for the US

economy. How does it compare to Jefferson’s?

• Discuss Hamilton’s view on whether government power should be at the state or national level. How does this compare to Jefferson’s?

• Discuss Hamilton’s view on regular people. How does it compare with Jefferson’s?

The New Republic

Jefferson

Vs.

Hamilton

First Administration under the Constitution

• George Washington is the first President.

• John Adams is the first Vice-Pres.

Alexander Hamilton is the First Secretary of Treasury

• Born poor in Nevis (island in Caribbean).

• Lawyer from New York.

• Aide to George Washington during the Revolutionary War.

• Becomes leader of the Federalists.

Thomas Jefferson is the First Secretary of State

• Rich Planter from Virginia.

• Governor of VA during War.

• Author of Dec. of Indep.

• Becomes leader of the Democratic-Republicans. (later just Democrats)

Ideas on Political Parties

• Political Parties are thought to be bad—everybody is supposed to be concerned about the public good.

• But quickly, disagreements begin to occur between Jefferson and Hamilton.

What Hamilton is for:

• 1. A very strong national Govt.

• 2. Govt. should aide in the development of manufacturing to create a more diversified economy.

• 3. Distrusts “the people.” Thinks that the rich should decide things.

• 4. Favors England.

What Jefferson is for:

• Favors “States’ Rights.” Wants a limited Federal Govt.

• Thinks farming is good —manufacturing bad. Wants a country of small, independent farmers.

• Believes that “The People” are good.

• Favors France.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

• Wanted to link the wealthy and powerful to the national govt.

• New govt. should take responsibility for existing Revolutionary War debt.– A. National Debt = Certificates (“Funding the Debt”).– B. State Debts = “Assumption.”

• Hamilton’s System would create a permanent national debt (“A blessing, not a curse”).

Deal with the Opposition

• Madison and Jefferson emerge as leaders of opposition to Hamilton’s plans.

• Strike deal over dinner to get passage of assumption of state debt in exchange for moving federal capital from Philadelphia to the South (How Washington D.C. is created).

Warm Up• What was the name of the political party that

formed around the ideas of Alexander Hamilton?

• A = federalists.

• What was the name of the party that formed around the ideas of Jefferson?

• A = Democratic-Republicans

• Who favored the common people?

• A = Jefferson.

• Who wanted a powerful government and factories?

• A = Hamilton

National Bank

• Hamilton is for the creation of a national Bank.

• Would create national currency and loan $ to start factories.

• Jefferson is opposed—says is unconstitutional and would favor rich.

Interpretation of Constitution

• Elastic Clause: congress shall “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out the powers listed in the Constitution.

• A.K.A. The Necessary and Proper Clause.

• Hamilton interprets broadly, means the Federal Govt. can do all kinds of things.

• Jefferson interprets narrowly—wants powers of Federal Govt. to be limited.

Hamilton Wants New Sources of Income

• Western Land Sales were only previous Nat. govt. direct income.

• Hamilton proposes 2 new taxes.

a. Tax on distillers of alcohol.

b. Tariff on imports.

The Whiskey Rebellion

• Hamilton gets a new tax passed on distilled liquor.

• This was bad for western farmers who turned their corn to whiskey so they could transport it easier.

• Farmers in Western Pennsylvania would not pay and did violence against the tax collectors.

• Washington and Hamilton led federal troops to put down the rebellion.

• Important because it showed that the National govt. was not weak like under the Articles of Confederation.

Whiskey Rebellion

Whiskey Rebellion

Soon, people begin to support one or the other.

• Those that follow Hamilton are called the Federalists.

• Those that follow Jefferson are called Democratic-Republicans (later they just become Democrats).

The French Revolution

• Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans support the Revolution.

• Hamilton and the Federalists don’t—they see it as the common people getting out of control.

• Soon, France and England go to War.

• The Democratic-Republicans support France.

• The Federalists support England.

What happens

• At First, Hamilton is able to get much of his program to become law.

• But Jefferson is elected President in 1800

• Hamilton is killed by Jefferson’s Vice-President—Aaron Burr—in a duel.

Burr Kills Hamilton

Hamilton or Jefferson

• Federalist

• Supports France

• Thinks US should stick to farming.

• Doesn’t think “common” people should have much of a say in government.

• First Sec. of Treasury.

• Wants powerful national government.

• Favors a strict interpretation of the Constitution.

• Thought the govt. should encourage manufacturing.

Key Federalists are:

• George Washington

• John Adams

• John Marshall

Key Democratic Republicans

• James Madison

• James Monroe

Quotes—Jefferson of Hamilton

• “We should not be dependant on foreign countries any longer, therefore, we should strive to develop a more diversified economy by developing manufacturing.”

• “The people lack for judgment and thus should have as little to do with the government as possible.”

Jefferson or Hamilton

• “Those that labor the earth are the chosen people of God”

• “The French Revolution is awful…it is a tyranny of democracy…the people have gone crazy.”

• “The Constitution says nothing of a National Bank and therefore the government does not have the power to create one.”

Alien and Sedition Acts

• John Adams became President after Washington served 2-terms.

• A lot of people from France (as well as Democratic-Republicans) were trying to get the US to help France and go to war with England.

• Adams and the Federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts.

• Alien Act —Gave the president the power to deport any aliens that he thought were “dangerous to the peace and safety of the US.”

• Sedition Act —Made it a crime to say or print anything bad about the President or the government.

• These laws were so unpopular that Adams lost to Jefferson in 1800.

Marbury v. Madison

• Federalists try to appoint Federalist judges before Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans take office.

• Adams appoints judges all the way until his last evening as president.

• These last appointed judges are called the “midnight judges.”

• William Marbury is one of these judges.

Marbury (Cont.)• Marbury’s commission is not delivered.

• When Jefferson becomes Pres. the next day, he appoints James Madison as Sec. of State.

• Madison refuses to deliver Marbury’s appointment.

• Marbury sues Madison.

• Case goes to the Supreme Court where it declares the Judiciary Act that allowed the creation of new judges to be unconsitutional

• FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM

• Supreme Court

• Courts of Appeals

• District Courts

John Marshall• Greatest Supreme Court Chief

Justice

• Marshall is a Federalist

• 1803— Marbury V. Madison establishes precedent of judicial review.

• Judicial review means that the Supreme court gets to determine if laws passed by Congress are Constitutional.

• Makes Supreme Court powerful.

Foreign Policy Legacy

• Washington’s Farewell Address urges against foreign alliances. THE US SHOULD TRY TO STAY NEUTRAL AND MIND ITS OWN BUSSINESS.

• Most energy is expended with westward expansion.

• Isolationism is dominant in regards to foreign affairs.

The War of 1812• US tires to remain neutral in Napoleonic war between France and

England.

• Both sides capture US ships trying to ship goods to the other country.

• The British begin forcing captured US sailors to serve in their navy (this is called Impressment).

• US Tries and Embargo, but it only hurts the US economy.

• The US finally goes to war against England (War of 1812)

• War ends in 1815 with nothing changed.

The Hartford Convention

• During the War of 1812, Federalists meet in Harford, Conn.

• They talk of dropping out of the US because they don’t like the war.

• They don’t, but meeting makes them look unpatriotic and after the war, nobody will support them and the party dies.

Key Terms• Whiskey Rebellion

• Impressment

• Alien Act

• Sedition Act

• Marbury v. Madison

• War of 1812

• John Marshall

• John Adams

• Democratic Republicans

• Federalists

Review

• Anti-Federalists

• Federalist Papers

• Articles of Confederation

• Bill of Rights

• Virginia Plan

• New Jersey Plan

• Great Compromise

• 3/5 Compromise

The first Presidents and their Parties/States

• 1788-1796 Washington—Federalist. (VA)

• 1796-1800 J.Adams—Federalist (Mass.)

• 1800-1808 Jefferson—Dem.-Rep.(VA)

• 1808-1816 Madison—Dem.-Rep.(VA)

• 1816-1824 Monroe—Dem.-Rep.(VA)