question of the day! what are your academic goals for the end of this semester? how are you going to...
TRANSCRIPT
Question of the Day!
What are your academic goals for the end of this semester?
How are you going to accomplish these goals?
Blood Type Genetics
Mr. Nichols EsquirePHHS
What’s in Blood?
Obviously blood is essential to human life, but what is it made of?
Red Blood Cells, Plasma, White Blood Cells, Platelets.
Red Blood Cells: 40-50%White Blood Cells: 1%Plasma: 59-60%Platelets: 0.001%
Facts About Blood
Normally, 7-8% of human body weight is from blood. In adults, this amounts to 4.5-6 quarts of blood.
The red cells are produced continuously in our bone marrow from stem cells at a rate of about 2-3 million cells per second.
Each red blood cell has about 270,000,000 iron-rich hemoglobin molecules.
It is likely that plasma contains some of every protein produced by the body--approximately 500 have been identified in human plasma so far.
What is blood made up of?
Red blood cells (RBCs) contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen. RBCs transport oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from the tissues.
The white blood cells include T-Cells, B-Cells and other immune system cells that help fight infections and maintain homeostasis.
The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get a wound for example.
The plasma contains salts and various kinds of proteins, made of ~96-98% H2O.
•The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies.
•The antigens are located on the surface of the RBCs and the antibodies are in the blood plasma.
•Individuals have different types and combinations of these molecules.
•The blood type you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents.
What are the different blood types?
According to the ABO blood typing system there are four different kinds of blood types: A, B, AB or O.
The Bad News:
Agglutination- Clumping of Blood cells.
ABO blood grouping system
Blood group AIf you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your RBCs and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group BIf you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your RBCs and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
ABO blood grouping system
Blood group ABIf you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your RBCs and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.
Blood group OIf you belong to the blood group O (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your RBCs but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Genotypes of Different Blood Types
Type A- IAIA or IAi
Type B- IBIB or IBi
Type AB- IAIB
Type O- ii
Punnett Squares with Blood Types
Cross a Parent with Homozygous A blood with a Parent with Type O blood.
Cross a Parent with Heterozygous B blood with a Parent with Type AB blood.
On a recent episode of the Maury show a mother accused two different men of possibly being the father of their infant son. The mother has type A blood, the first man has type O blood, the other has type B blood. The baby has type O blood, which man is the most likely the father of the baby?
Why can’t blood typing be used to PROVE paternity only rule parents in or out?
Blood Type Genetics
Mr. Nichols EsquirePHHS
Cartoon of the Day!
• How to Determine your Blood Type
When RBCs carrying one or both antigens are exposed to the corresponding antibodies, they agglutinate; that is, clump together.
Human RBC before (left) and after (right) adding serum containing anti-A antibodies. The agglutination reaction reveals the presence of the A antigen on the surface of the cells.
People with blood group O are called "universal donors" and people with blood group AB are called "universal receivers."
Blood transfusions – who can receive blood fromwhom?
Blood Group
Antigens Antibodies Can give blood to
Can receive blood from
AB
A
B
O
Blood Group
Antigens Antibodies Can give blood to
Can receive blood from
AB A and B None AB AB, A, B, O
A A B A and AB A and O
B B A B and AB B and O
O None A and B AB, A, B, O O
Cartoon of Day 1!
Cartoon of the Day 2!