queensland carbon geostorage initiative groundwater research projects
DESCRIPTION
The Groundwater and Storage interactions project arose out of a meeting on the shoulder of the Greenhouse Gas Technologies Conference in Amsterdam in 2010. It was decided to concentrate initially on the Australian Flagships projects. On 3 May 2011 Australian researchers and government agencies met and presented their work to date.In these slides the Queensland Carbon Geostorage Initiative present on Groundwater Research ProjectsTRANSCRIPT
Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation
Queensland Carbon Geostorage InitiativeGroundwater Research Projects
2© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
The Queensland Carbon Geostorage Initiative
CGI Stage 1Site Assessment
Atlas
CGI Stage 2Site Selection
HydrodynamicsGeological Models
HydrochemistryMineralogy
AcreageReleaseGap Analysis
CGI Stage 3Site Characterisation
EOI
Drilling Program
CommercialDeployment
DemonstrationProjects
3© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
The Change in Queensland Government Objectives
Decreasing Uncertainty
Increasing Data-Effort Required
4© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Research Perspectives
• The applicability and timing of research programs• Timeframes• FID impacts• Research ambiguity• Fundamental Vs applied research• Embedded research
5© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
CGI Groundwater Studies• Completed studies
• QA of the Department of the Environment and Resource Management Groundwater Database (DERM GWB)
• QA of selected Queensland petroleum well data points in the Surat and Galilee basins
• Conceptual hydrodynamic modelling in the Surat Basin• Aquifer media mineral stability in the presence of CO2 charged
groundwater• Hydrochemical characterisation of Jurassic groundwaters
• Proposed Studies• Conceptual hydrodynamic modelling in the Galilee Basin• Regional numerical groundwater flow modelling in the Surat Basin• Experimental studies on rock reactivity under CO2 stress• Reactive Transport modelling in the Surat and Galilee basins
6© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Existing Regional Groundwater Flow Models
Habermehl 1980 Radke et al. 2000
7© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Regional Hydrodynamic Modelling
8© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Regional Hydrodynamic Modelling
9© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Pressure/Depth Hydraulic Analysis
Hutton Sandstone
Evergreen Formation
Precipice Sandstone
basement
Hutton Sandstone
Evergreen Formation
Precipice Sandstone
basement
Precipice Sandstone
Hutton Sandstone
Hutton Sandstone
Evergreen Formation
Precipice Sandstone
Hutton Sandstone
Hutton Sandstone
Evergreen Formation
10© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Groundwater Hydrochemical QA Methodology
11© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Aquifer Media Mineral Composition and Groundwater Chemical Character
0 100 20050Km
Chemical composition (n = 248)
Mean mineralogical composition(n = 17)
Quartz
Illite
Kaolinite
Chlorite
Calcite
Na K Ca Mg Fe Mn HCO3 CO3 Cl SO4Mean 88.5 2.2 12.4 4.7 0.16 0.02 149.2 9.6 64.6 9.3
Median 44.3 1.9 2.5 0.6 0.00 0.00 106.8 0.1 14.0 0.0Mode 31.0 0.0 2.0 0.3 0.00 0.00 105.0 0.0 12.0 0.0
Standard Deviation 190.1 3.1 34.3 21.6 0.79 0.06 243.1 31.2 238.8 58.6Minimum 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0Maximum 1590 30 290 275.5 8.7 0.47 3103.1 203.3 2189.7 753.9
HCO3
Stiff diagramNa Cl
CaMg SO4
300 - 1500< 300
1500 - 2000020000 - 35000
TDS (mg/L)
Precipice Sandstone
12© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Geochemical ModellingExamples of rock-water interactions
Precipice Sandstone
5678.01
.1
1
10
100
pH
Som
e m
iner
als
(gra
ms)
Quartz
Kaolinite
5678.01
.1
1
10
100
pH
Som
e m
iner
als
(gra
ms)
MuscoviteQuartz
Kaolinite
System:sandstone (>95% quartz)+ Na-HCO3 fresh gw (40 mg/L Na)
System:siltstone (53% quartz, 3 % mica, 20% K-feldspars, 13% kaolinite)+ Na-HCO3 fresh gw (40 mg/L Na)
quartz – constantkaolinite – slight precipitation
quartz – constantmica – dissolutionkaolinite – significant precipitation
13© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Geochemical ModellingExamples of rock-water interactions
Precipice Sandstone
System:sandstone (82% quartz, 13% kaolinite)+ Na-HCO3 gw (860 mg/L Na)
System:siltstone (53% quartz, 20% K-feldspars, 13% kaolinite)+ Na-HCO3 gw (860 mg/L Na)
quartz – constantmica + feldspar – significant dissolutionkaolinite – slight precipitation
quartz – constantmica – slight dissolutionfeldspar – significant dissolutionkaolinite – significant precipitationdawsonite – precipitation
55.566.577.588.59.1
1
10
100
pH
Min
eral
s (g
ram
s) Kaolinite
Albite lowMuscovite
Quartz
55.566.577.588.59.1
1
10
100
pH
Som
e m
iner
als
(gra
ms)
Clinochl-14A
K-feldspar
Muscovite
Quartz
Albite low
Dawsonite
Kaolinite
14© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Geochemical Modelling
System:mudstone (48% quartz, 35% kaolinite, 2% K-feldspar)+ Na-HCO3 gw (530 mg/L Na)
System:mudstone (25% quartz, 10% kaolinite, 24% smectite-illite mixed layer, 10% K-feldspar)+ Na-HCO3 gw (530 mg/L Na)quartz – constantmica, mixed layers – slight dissolutionfeldspar – significant dissolutionkaolinite – significant precipitationdawsonite – precipitation
Examples of rock-water interactionsEvergreen Formation
55.566.577.588.5.1
1
10
100
pH
Min
eral
s (g
ram
s)
Muscovite
Albite low
QuartzNontronit-Na
Kaolinite
Dawsonite
quartz – constantmica – slight dissolutionfeldspar – significant dissolutionkaolinite – significant precipitation
55.566.577.588.5.1
1
10
100
pH
Min
eral
s (g
ram
s)
Kaolinite
Muscovite
Albite low
Quartz
15© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Geochemical ModellingExamples of rock-water interactions
Evergreen FormationSystem:mudstone (40% quartz, 31% kaolinite, 10% K-feldspar, 1% siderite, 1% calcite)+ Na-HCO3 gw (530 mg/L Na)quartz – constantmica – slight dissolutionfeldspar – significant dissolutionkaolinite – precipitationsiderite – constantcalcite – significant dissolutiondawsonite – significant precipitation
55.566.577.5.1
1
10
100
pH
Som
e m
iner
als
(gra
ms)
Kaolinite
Calcite
Quartz
Muscovite
Siderite
Dawsonite
55.566.577.588.5.1
1
10
100
pH
Min
eral
s (g
ram
s)
KaoliniteMuscovite
Calcite
Albite low
Quartz
Nontronit-Na
SideriteDawsonite
System:mudstone (40% quartz, 31% kaolinite, 10% K-feldspar, 1% siderite, 1% calcite)+ Na-Cl gw (630 mg/L Na)
same processes
16© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010
Current and Future Requirements• New data is the key
• Reservoir and seal mineralogy at depth• Hydrochemistry – accurate minor and trace element compositions• Improved kinetic rate constants – asymmetry between precipitation
and dissolution• Empirical confirmation of modelled scenarios• Hydraulic data – porosity/permeability/relative permeability
• Modelling studies• Improved geological frameworks• Sequence stratigraphic interpretation for regional correlation• 3D fluid flow
• Vertical hydraulic relationships• Hydraulic significance of faults
• Reactive transport• Geomechanics