Prof. Lic. Prof. Lic. Gabriela Gabriela

A. LlanezaA. Llaneza

She was born on February 6, 1665

She was also a sickly child, and may have suffered from the blood disease porphyria, as well as having poor vision and  a serious case of smallpox at the age of twelve.

As Anne grew older she would be plagued by numerous health problems, but she survived to adulthood.

She only received a limited education

Her knowledge of history was limited and she received no instruction in civil law or military matters that most male monarchs were expected to have.

Received Protestant religious instruction.

The events of her reign would pave the way for Britain to become an international world power.

Anne married Prince George of Denmark.

Her husband did not affect Anne's position as he remained politically weak and inactive, suffering from a drinking problem. Prince George's influence in matters of state would remain small throughout their marriage

William and Mary died childless.

Anne’s only child to survive infancy died in 1700

The Settlement Act of 1701 paved the way for Anne's reign. It stated that if Anne died without children the throne would pass to the German Hanoverians

The only challenge was her half brother James, a Roman Catholic living in exile in France.

William died in 1702, the throne then passed to Anne.

  Anne's reign would be characterized by the attempts of others to manipulate her.

During her reign she would oversee two major events in English history, one domestic and one foreign.

After her death Britain was the most important country in Europe.

Sea hegemony and the Financial Revolution paved the way for the Empire.

 Sea hegemony and the Financial Revolution paved the way for the Empire.

She detested Roman Catholics and Dissenters and sympathized with High Church Tories. At the same time, she sought to be free from the domination of the political parties.

At first most of her ministers were Tories

  A friend of Anne's since childhood

After Anne became queen, she named Sarah to other prominent posts including Keeper of the Privy Purse, Mistress of the Robes and Groom of the Stole.

John Churchill’s wifeStrong Whig sympathies.Fell out of favour

because of his domineering attitude.

He had been one of William’s Generals and was given control of both the British and Dutch forces in Europe.

His victories were impressive but also costly for the British

His victories at Blenheim (1704) and Ramillies (1706) rank among the greatest in British history.

The War of the Grand Alliance ended in 1697, the issue of the Spanish succession was becoming critical.

Treaty of The Hague (1698) England and France agreed to the (the First Partition Treaty), which named Joseph Ferdinand heir to the Spanish throne, but divided Spanish territory in Italy and the Low Countries between France and Austria.

This decision was taken without consulting the Spanish, who vehemently objected to the dismemberment of their empire.

Louis XIV was the most powerful Catholic monarch in Europe

In 1698 Charles II of Spain agreed to name the Bavarian Prince his heir, but assigned to him the whole Spanish Empire, not just the parts England and France had chosen.

The young Bavarian prince abruptly died of smallpox in 1699.

The Treaty of London : England and France soon ratified the Second Partition Treaty, 1700, assigning the Spanish throne to the Archduke Charles.

Charles took steps to prevent the union of France and Spain; should Anjou have inherited the French throne, Spain would have gone to his younger brother, the duc de Berri.

Charles II died in November 1700 and Louis XIV proclaimed Anjou King of Spain. The new King, Philip V, was declared ruler of the entire Spanish empire.

Contrary to the provisions of the Second Partition Treaty.

Philip was recognised as King Philip V of Spain, but renounced his place in the French line of succession, thereby precluding the union of the French and Spanish crowns.

France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic, were left weakened.

It took France a decade to recover, and Spain and Holland were unable to reverse their military and economic decline.

England expanded its colonial empire in Canada and the Caribbean and maintained possession of Gibraltar and Minorca in the Mediterranean.

Britain was able to remain aloof from war on the Continent for a quarter of a century after the Hanoverian succession, and this protracted peace was to be crucial to the new dynasty's survival and success.

At first Anne favoured Tory policies but soon discovered that she disagreed with the Tories on strategy for the war.

Anne, Marlborough and the Whigs wanted to command English troops to continental campaigns.

Consequently, as Marlborough accumulated impressive victories on the Continent, pressure was exerted on Anne to admit Whigs to the ministry.

As the war dragged on, the nation turned against the Whigs.

In 1710, Anne was able to expel them and appoint a Tory ministry. She dismissed both Marlboroughs from her service in 1711.

He always shrank from being labelled a Tory

Tories were divided over who should succeed Anne, particularly during the queen's serious illness in 1713.

There were more Hanoverian Tories than Jacobite Tories (supporters of James II and his son, James III)

Both Harley and Bolingbroke were in correspondence with James III, but Harley made it plain that he would only support a Protestant succession.

The Settlement Act of 1701 had angered Scotland.

The Scots threatened to bring back James, Anne's Roman Catholic half-brother and pretender to the throne, to rule.

To head off a revolt and unite support for the crown, Anne pushed for the Act of Union which would unite England and Scotland.

The Act of Union was finally accepted in 1707. 

In the last couple years of her life Anne became very ill. She was often bedridden and attended to by doctors.

These doctors used many techniques to try to cure Anne including bleeding her and applying hot irons.

Anne died on July 31st 1714. George I acceded to the

British throne

Queen Anne Style