quality - striving for excellence - striving for excellence ... june 2013 no. 2 ncqm's...

B. Banerjee

Price Rs. 100/-President’s Page

QUALITY - Striving for Excellence

www.ncqm.com NATIONAL CENTRE FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

April - June 2013Vol. I No. 2

NCQM's contribution to world environment:

C O N T E N T S

Practical tips towards energy saving

by Mr. S.V.Viswanathan .....3

Coal kills by Mr. Sarath K. Guttikunda and Ms. Puja Jawahar .....5

E-Waste (Source TOI June 2013) .....6

Environment and health by Dr. S.V. Datar .....7

You may be aware, the first UN convention on the human environment was held at Geneva during 5th to 16th June 1972. The basic objective was to raise global awareness of the need to take positive environmental action. Our late Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi read a paper written by Dr. K. C. Pant, the then chairman of Planning Commission. 137 heads of countries participated in this convention. Thereafter 5th June is celebrated as world environment day (WED) in each year which is administered by united national environmental program (UNEP) committee. The first WED was held in 1973. WED is the spring in the northern hemisphere and fall in the southern hemisphere. WED is similar to Earth Day. A theme and a host country are selected for this annual convention. Theme of this year (2013) is “Think-Eat-Save” (TES) and the host country is Mongolia.

TES is an anti-food waste and food loss campaign that encourages you to reduce your food print. According to the UN-Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) every year 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted. At the same time 1 in 7 people in

the world go to bed hungry and more than 20,000 children under the age of 5 die daily from hunger. You may be shocked to know Mumbai alone with a home of 20,000 established restaurants has 2 lakh kids who go hungry in each day. 9.6 lakh kgs of veggies and fruits are wasted daily. In India the rotting of food grains grew from 19 tons in 2009-10 to 99 tons in 2010-11. In 2011-12, 200 tons of food grains rotted away in store houses (Source: Mumbai Mirror- 23rd June'13).

Given this enormous imbalance in life style and the resultant devastating effects on the environment, this year's theme encourages you to become more aware of the environmental impact of the food choices you make and empowers you to make informed decisions.

You may recall, in 2011 India was the host country and the theme was “Forest-Nature at your Service”. 1.6 billion people depend on forests for their livelihood. India with its wide biodiversity was therefore, the right choice for the theme.

As we know ISO 14001:1996 was the first EMS standard. Its First revision came in 2004. Unlike ISO 9001 on QMS, whose focus is mostly to produce wanted good products for external customers, an organization opting for EMS basically focuses in controlling unwanted products to protect its hidden customers such as its suppliers, shareholders, bankers, insurance agents, society at large, mother earth, flora & fauna etc. Conceptually, therefore, EMS has no direct customers.

ISO 50001: 2011 on Energy Management System (EnMS) came out on 15th June'11. Both EMS and En MS have half a dozen focus areas. For EMS they are:

• Prevent air, water & noise pollution and land contamination.

• Conserve natural resources such as water, oil, coal, tree, electricity, flora & fauna.

• Remove, reduce, recycle and reuse all forms of wastages.

• Meet and exceed all statutory, regulatory, legal and other requirements of the operating country as well as those countries where goods &

services are exported by the organization.

• Have top management commitment towards continual improvement on all the above and

• Have structured framework for regular review and updating mechanism.

The last three focus areas remain the same for EnMS. Highlights on first three focus areas for En MS are

• Support purchase of energy efficient products and services.

• Design for improved energy performance through efficient use and consumption.

• Ensure availability of information and necessary resources to achieve objectives and targets.

To respond to Environmental and Energy Management needs NCQM has started offering special discount coupled with expert guidance to organizations going professionally for Environmental Management System (ISO 14001: 2004 on EMS) and recently developed Energy Management System (ISO 50001: 2011) Certification.

Many organizations have already started integrating EnMS with IMS (integrated management system) comprising ISO 9001:2008 on QMS, ISO 14001: 2004 on EMS and OHSAS 18001:2007 0n SMS (safety management system). NCQM's panel of experts can provide necessary training and “hand holding” towards this noble venture of yours. Together we can positively contribute to world environment.

B.Banerjee

Renewable energy by Mr. J. Mazumdar .....9

Carbon credit by Dr. P. Poddar .....12

NCQM News .....15

Future of Quality by Mr. Navin Dedhia .....16

Practical tips towards energy saving

Based on years of experience certain practical tips

to save energy in specific areas are summarised

below. They will definitely go a long way in

protecting our environment. Their religious

adoption will help you save lot of money as well.

Indian Car Manufacturers recommend cars to be

driven for efficient fuel consumption depending

upon the road conditions, type of car you are

driving & these vary at an average speed of 45

kmph to 60 kmph. So if you are in a congested

road with heavy traffic running the car at an

higher speed is meaningless. Similarly use AC in

a car ef fect ively depending upon the

environment. If you accelerate or decelerate

drastically fuel consumption will be more, cars

wear & tear will also be high. Under 80 Kmph

having the windows open is a reasonable

alternative to using the A/C. Ensure servicing of

the car regularly as recommended by the

manufacturer. Be sure to keep the belts tight, fans

running, filters clean and tyres properly

pressurized in order to get the best out of your

vehicle.

About 50% of the energy used in a household goes

towards heating and cooling,19% to heating

water, and 30% to other household appliances. In

office buildings, 35% of the energy used goes

towards heating and cooling, 30% to lighting, 5%

to heating water, and 30% to office equipment,

ventilation, and other miscellaneous uses.

Heating and cooling constitute the largest energy

use in both homes and offices. Buy energy star

products for greater energy efficiency. 5 Star

mean better energy efficient.

Maintain your systems at least once in a year

1. Petrol, diesel and gas

2. Heating and cooling

3. Heating

professionally for leaks, cleaning of openings,

insulation and carbon monoxide. Get a carbon

monoxide detector for your own safety and so

leaks don't increase your energy bill. Insulating

the windows, doors, & attics is of prime

importance to save energy. Don't heat unused

spaces or vacant rooms. Ensure fire place and

other ducts are closed before you use your

heating devices.

Invest in a programmable thermostat. In the

summer, set the thermostat between 24 to 26 deg

centigrade. Ensure all doors & windows are

closed to avoid load on the coolers. In the winter

use of a humidifier makes lowering the

thermostat more. Run the fan instead of the AC to

circulate air. To maximize heating and cooling

efficiency, clean air filters once a fortnight, and

keep air delivery and return vents clear of

blockages. Thoroughly insulate your home or

office building to minimize heat loss in the winter

and heat gain in the summer.

Invest in a programmable thermostat. In the

summer, set the thermostat between 24 to 26 deg

centigrade. Ensure all doors & windows are

closed to avoid load on the coolers. In the winter

use of a humidifier makes lowering the

thermostat more. Run the fan instead of the AC to

circulate air. To maximize heating and cooling

efficiency, clean air filters once a fortnight, and

keep air delivery and return vents clear of

blockages. Thoroughly insulate your home or

office building to minimize heat loss in the winter

and heat gain in the summer.

Set refrigerator temperature between 37°- 40°F,

4. Cooling

5. Electricity and lighting

6. Kitchen appliances

6.1 Refrigerator

Quality - Striving for Excellence3April - June 2013

S. V. Viswanathan *

and freezer temperature at 0°F. Do not keep at

maximum the freezer to avoid unnecessary

energy consumption. Refrigerators need to be

maintained once in a year. Be sure to vacuum the

condenser coils every 6 months.

Do full loads when washing or drying clothes.

Use only warm or cold water. Drying loads

consecutively saves energy so the dryer does not

have to heat up each time. Be sure to clean the lint

filter after each load. Air dry your clothes using a

clothes line or a hanging rack inside.

Induction heating helps in reduction of gas costs.

When cooking try to use a range rather than the

oven as much as possible. Use pressure cookers

and microwaves to lower energy consumption.

Insulate water heater and surrounding pipes to

reduce heat loss and water consumption. Set

geyzers to medium while dishwashers at 140 deg.

centigrade.

Check for and fix leaks. A leak from a worn faucet

washer can waste 40 litres of water a day. Read

your water meter after 2 hours of not using water.

If the meter has changed, there is a leak and it

should be repaired. While waiting for a shower to

heat up, capture cold water in a bucket or pan and

use it for watering plants or other household uses.

Take shorter showers. Do not keep the faucet on

when you brush your teeth, shave, wash your face

or rinse dishes. Invest in a high efficiency toilet to

reduce the amount of water used per flush. Use

aerators on all faucets and low-flow shower

heads for better water pressure while using less

water in total. Only wash full loads of clothes, and

do the same with dishes. clean vegetables after

soaking in water and use a vegetable brush to

clean food items to make washing/preparation

quicker and more efficient.

6.2 Washing machines

6.3 Cooking

7. Water heating

8. Water saving in kitchen and bathroom

9. Outdoor water use

10. Solar power

11. Wind power

When washing car use water from buckets and

not hose pipe to avoid larger consumption. Use a

broom to clean your driveway, front stoop or

porch, rather than a hose pipe with water. When

planning a garden, group plants according to

their water needs, and plant drought-resistant

plants and bushes where less water is required.

Add compost to your garden and lay down mulch

to help the soil retain moisture. Water your lawn

in the morning or when it is overcast to minimize

evaporation. Avoid watering when it is sunny or

windy. 'Deep-soak' your lawn. Water the lawn

long enough for the water to seep down to the

roots to promote deeper root systems. Adopt rain

harvesting system including collecting rainwater

in a rain barrel and use this to water plants.

Position sprinklers to avoid watering the

sidewalk, street, or driveway. Use non potable

water for gardening

The economic use of solar power is still debated,

however if economy works one can replace

geyzers, outside & passage lighting with the help

of solar geyzers/ lightings. Most of the Industry

canteens are followers of this. So also roads,

passages are seeing replacement with solar

lamps.

The economic use of wind power is again

favorable where wind power can be utilized

effectively to garner energy and the same can be

converted to use in industry as well as at homes.

* Mr. S. V. Viswanathan is a Six Sigma master

black belt and an expert on world class

initiatives. He is in NCQM's expert panel.

4 Quality - Striving for ExcellenceApril - June 2013

Coal Kills

The abstract of the paper titled “Coal based

thermal power plants in India” by the authors is

presented here, For details the reader is advised

to contact the authors through NCQM office.

Access to electricity is a basic requirement to

support a growing economy. Currently coal

accounts for 41% of the world’s electricity

generation. At approximately 210 GW, India is

the 5th largest generator of electricity in the

world and will increase in the future. Currently,

66% of this power generation capacity is derived

from coal with the vast majority of capacity

additions planned - the 12th five year plan (2012-

2017) includes an addition of 76 GW and the 13th

five year plan (2017-2022) includes 93 GW.

Emissions from coal-fired power are responsible

for a large mortality and morbidity burden on

human health. In 2011-12, 111 coal-fired power

plants with a total generation capacity of 121

GW, consumed 503 million tons of coal, and

generated an estimated 580 ktons of particulates

with diameter less than 2.5 μm, 2100 Ktons of

sulfur dioxides, 2000 Ktons of nitrogen oxides,

1100 Ktons of carbon monoxide, 100 Ktons of

volatile organic compounds and 665 million tons

of carbon dioxide annually. These emissions

resulted in 80,000 to 115,000 premature deaths

and more than 20.0 million asthma cases from

exposure to total PM10 pollution in 2011-2012,

which cost the public and the government an

estimated 16,000 to 23,000 crores of Rupees (USD

3.2 to 4.6 billion). The largest impact of the coal-

fired power plant emissions is felt over the states

of Delhi, Haryana, Maharashtra, Madhya

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Indo-Gangetic plain,

and most of central east India.

It is found that aggressive pollution control

regulations such as mandating flue gas

desulfurization, introduction and tightening of

emission standards for all criteria pollutants,

and updating the procedures for environment

impact assessments for existing and newer

plants, are imperative to reduce health impacts.

* [email protected]

Sarath K. Guttikunda and Puja Jawahar *

NCQM FORTHCOMING PROGRAMMES

• HACCP Awareness - April 19, 2013

• Internal Audit (IA) as per ISO 9001: 2008

Quality Management System-April 26-27, 2013

July 29-30, 2013

• Effective Management of Work Place Through

Principles of Housekeeping (5S) & Waste

Elimination (7W) - July 15, 2013

• Internal Audit for Integrated Management

System - August 2013

• Internal Audit for Energy Management

System- August 2013

• Root Cause Analysis & Use of QC Tools -

August 3, 2013

• Lean Six Sigma Green Belt - September 2013

5

ASQ EXAMINATION

Following ASQ Examination were conducted at

NCQM Learning Centre, Mumbai.

March 2, 2013

HACCP Auditor,

Manager of Quality/ Organizational Excellence,

Six Sigma Black Belt

Reliability Engineer

June 1, 2013

Six Sigma Green Belt

Quality Process Analyst

Quality Auditor

Pharmaceutical GMP Professional

Next Examination is scheduled onOctober 5, 2013.

Quality - Striving for ExcellenceApril - June 2013

E-Waste: Alarming danger to mankind and environment *

E-Waste or electronic waste was not recognized as

a separate entity almost till the beginning of the

year 2000. It started getting recognized in India

from 2003 under Hazardous Waste Rules. India is

signatory to various International Conventions

and Protocols dealing with waste disposal, like

Montreal Protocol, Basel Convention etc. It is

obligatory on India to legislate for the same.

E-Waste is generated from refrigerators,

televisions, printers, mobile phones, personal

computers, music systems, transistors, tape

recorders, video recorders, VCD, laboratory

equipments, etc. E-Waste is generated from

domestic consumers as well as industrial and

commercial establishments. The IT sector is the

prime source of this kind of waste Estimated E-

Waste generation for India is 8 lakh MT/Year

whereas 20,000 MT/Year is estimated E-waste

from Maharashtra. (Source:siliconindia.com.

WEEE assessment study).

The Electronic Waste Rules 2011 under

Environment Protection Act 1986 came into effect

from May 1, 2012. Under this Act, collection

centres are required to be established under the

authorization of State Pollution Control Boards

and Committees which will collect the E-Waste

from their sources. The E-Waste will be sent to

registered recyclers and dismantlers for

processing.

In Maharashtra, the establishment of scientific

management system for E-Waste is under process.

There are currently three authorized.

Recycling/Dismantling centres which are

operational, and 20 Recyclers/Dismantlers are

stated to be established under the authorization of

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB).

Most of the E-Waste is collected and processed by

unauthorised and unorganized entities following

very crude and environmentally hazardous

methods. These 'backyard' techniques pose

dangers to poorly protected workers and their

local natural environment.

Cadmium is one of the hazardous materials

involved in E-Waste which can bio-accumulate in

the environment and is extremely toxic to humans

in particular adversely affecting kidneys and

bones.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) cables when burnt or

landfilled, release dioxins that have harmful

effects on human reproductive and immune

systems.

Mercury (Hg), which is used in lighting devices in

flat screen displays, can cause damage to the

nervous system, kidneys and brain, and can even

be passed on to infants through breast milk.

In addition to various hazardous material, E-

Waste all contains many valuable and precious

metals like copper, ver, gold, etc. Because of this

complex composition of valuable and hazardous

substance specialized, often 'high-tech' methods

are required to process. E-Waste in ways that

maximize resource recovery and minimum

potential harm to humans or the environment.

Unfortunately, the use of these specialized

methods is rare, with much of the world's E-Waste

travelling great, distances, mostly to developing

countries. In India, import of Waste is permitted

only with to permission of Ministry of

Environment and Forest (MoEF).

Though there are a few registered recyclers, their

number not in proportion to the estimated

quantity of E-Waste generated annually. There is

an urgent need to organise, establish, control and

monitor the overall working of E-Waste scenario.

MPCB needs to function active to achieve

environmentally sound management of E-Waste

to Maharashtra.

* Towards public awareness this article is

published by Maharashtra Pollution Control

Board in TOI June, 2013 is reproduced here.


Environment and Health

1. Introduction

2. Six themes

3. Environmental factors

The term environment implies all external factors

which surround humans. Humans interact with

environment constantly and these interactions can

have positive or negative impact on health.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines

environment, as it relates to health, as “all the

physical, chemical, and biological factors external

to a person, and all the related behaviors.”

Environmental health consists of preventing or

controlling disease, injury, and disability related

to the interactions between people and their

environment.

Although the exact contribution of environmental

factors to the development of death and disease

cannot be precisely determined, the World Health

Organization (WHO) has estimated that thirteen

million deaths annually are attributable to

preventable environmental causes. The report also

estimates that 24% of the global disease burden

(healthy life years lost) and 23% of all deaths

(premature mortality) are attributable to environ-

mental factors. The environmental burden of

diseases is 15 times higher in developing countries

than in developed countries, due to differences in

exposure to environmental risks and access to

health care.

The “Healthy People 2020” environmental health

objectives focus on six themes, each of which high-

lights an element of environmental health:

• Outdoor air quality

• Surface and ground water quality

• Toxic substances and hazardous wastes

• Homes and communities

• Infrastructure and surveillance

• Global environmental health

The environmental factors can be divided into 3

major categories

• Physical : Water, air, temperature, soil, housing,

wastes, noise

• Biological : Plants and animal life including

bacteria, viruses, insects, rodents and animals

• Social : Occupation, culture, habits, religion,

income

As per a WHO study, diseases with largest burden

attributable to modifiable environmental factors

are diarrhea, lower respiratory tract infections,

workplace injuries/accidents and malaria.

The immediate environment the man lives in is the

air. Fresh air, proper ventilation in homes and

workplace and avoiding exposure to extremes of

temperatures zone contribute to positive health.

Air pollution remains a major concern especially

in cities and surrounding industries. The major

sources of air pollution are automobiles and some

industries. More than 100 substances that can

pollute air have been identified. The effects of air

pollution on health are chest infections, allergies,

asthma and some types of cancer.

Most of the health problems in developing

countries can be attributed to lack of safe and

sufficient water supply and lack of adequate

human waste disposal facilities. Water can be

easily polluted by sewage, industrial and trade

wastage and agricultural pollutants such as

pesticides. The contaminated water may contain

different kinds of germs which can cause diseases

such as acute diaorrhea, jaundice, typhoid,

cholera, worm infestations etc. The chemical

pollutants in water also can affect health. The

classical example is excess of fluorides in drinking

water can cause affection of teeth and bones.

Noise pollution is a major problem in some

industries and cities. Prolonged and sustained

exposure to noise can cause certain type of

deafness. It also can cause effects such as lack of

sleep, irritability, lack of concentration etc.

3.1 Air quality

3.2 Water quality

3.3 Noise

Dr. S.V. Datar *


3.4 Toxic substances

3.5 Hazardous waste

3.6 Health hazard at workplace

3.7 Social

Due to wide spread use of pesticides, polluted

water, soil and food items are becoming major

areas of concern. The adverse effects of pesticides

on health such as cancers and affection of brain are

well known.

Accumulation of garbage and wastes in public

places result in proliferation of rodents and

insects. Exposure to insect bites such as

mosquitoes can cause many diseases such malaria,

filaria, dengue etc. Houseflies and cockroaches are

carriers of many diseases. Rodents such as rats can

also transmit diseases such as leptospirosis and

plague.

One of the major factors that may have adverse

impact on health is exposure to health hazards at

workplace. There is a lack of awareness among the

general population about the same. The various

hazards at workplace may be physical viz.

extremes of temperature, noise, vibration,

lighting, radiation, chemical viz. gases, fumes and

dusts, biological (e.g. viruses and bacteria) and

psychological viz. work stress etc. Musculo-

skeletal injuries due to adverse ergonomic factors

at workplace are emerging as major occupational

related disorders.

The other environmental factors such as income,

housings, beliefs, habits, customs etc. can also

have effect on health. The classic examples are

relying on quacks and witch doctors, not seeking

medical help in time etc.

The word environmental sanitation refers to

general cleanliness of our environment and not

limited to sewage disposal. It is a very complex

task and requires concerted efforts of individuals,

communities, scientists and government

authorities on a national and global level. Simple

civic sense can contribute greatly towards effective

environmental sanitation. The legal measures can

also contribute if implemented effectively.

4. Containment measures

Remember

Some of the measures that can be taken by

individuals and communities to protect the

mother earth are listed below :

• Reduce automobile pollution• Ensure proper ventilation in homes and

workplaces• Ensure drinking water safety at community and

personal level• Provide adequate toilet facilities to avoid open

air defecation• Ensure cleanliness not only in homes but also

surroundings• Ensure proper disposal of domestic waste • Reduce use of plastic materials• Develop adequate and effective solid waste

management facilities • Reduce noise at public places• Cover stagnant water sources such as tanks,

puddles etc to decrease mosquito menace• Implement effective pest control measures for

common pests such as houseflies, cockroaches,

mosquitoes etc.• Take care of personal hygiene and cleanliness• Use pesticides judiciously and rely less on

chemical pesticides• Ensure proper effluent treatment facilities in

industries• Evaluate and control occupational hazards • Create awareness on health & education for

community• Effectively implement legislative measures• Reduce environmental risk factors with the help

of technology & engineering.

Although pollution has been occurring

throughout the earth's history, the rate at which

the human species have contributed to the amount

of pollution that has entered our environment over

the past several hundred years far exceeds the

earth's inherent ability to heal itself.

Mother Nature has gifted us a beautiful

environment. It is up to us humans supposedly the

most intelligent species on earth not to destruct it

but maintain and improve it.

* Dr. Datar is in NCQM's expert panel in the area

of Health Care.


Renewable Energy

1. Renewable energy

2. Hybrid energy system

3. Objective of BK's project at Mount Abu

Renewable energy technologies offer a sustainable solution for bringing power and its educational, economic development, health and quality of life benefits to remote villages without electricity supply, or to those who currently have an unacceptable level of service. Photovoltaic, small wind turbines, and micro hydro systems have gained increasing recognition as reliable, cost effective alternatives to grid extension and diesel generator sets for village electrification applications. Electricity grid extension is generally uneconomical, while diesel generator sets are expensive to operate and maintain and do not provide long term environmentally and economically sustainable solutions for remote applications.

Hybrid energy systems rely on two or more sources of energy for electrical generation and are configured so that the loads can be served directly or indirectly by one or more of these sources. Most hybrid electricity supply systems have a diesel alternator and a renewable energy source such as photovoltaic (PV) and /or wind. By providing battery storage at partial loads, smaller diesel generators and power conditioner (inverters) are able to meet short term overloads and provide 24 hour grid quality power, which in most cases is not available to industry in rural India.

One such hybrid system is installed at the Brahma Kumari's (BK) Academy in Mt. Abu, Rajasthan, India. It is 1200 meters above sea level. Also Mt. Abu provides almost continuously clear skies. The wind speed and the solar radiation are among the best in the state of Rajasthan.

The system's element (10kw peak output) include solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels, an Australian made wind generator, batteries and a control system.

A key objective of the project WHO to improve the living standards of underprivileged remote villages in Rajasthan by increasing the uptake of alternative energy technology.

By the constant stream of participants in various programs, conferences and seminars held at the Academy, this project acts as a reference point from which the social, environmental and economic benefits of such a technology are demonstrated.

In collaboration with the scientist and engineer's wing of the Brahma Kumaris, several workshops on renewable energy have been held successfully and further activities in this area are planned. Networking with Rajasthan energy development agency (REDA), Gujarat energy development Agency (GEDA) and Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) and other NGO organisations has created a broad base dissemination forums.

The system consists of a 10kw power system (120V DC), a west wind 2.5 kW wind generator and 5 kW photovoltaic cells.

The inverter has been recently introduced to the market by Advanced Energy Systems, a Perth based company. The system is offering a complete solution to remote areas powers supplies (RAPS ) . The controller has a very high level of feature integration.

The single phase controller is operating with a single generator system to enhance capacity to operate as a stand alone unit. With solar wind input to the battery system the unit is supplying current to some essential consumers of the Academy.

The unit can configure either as a charger or inverter and will intelligently start and stop the generator / mains to maintain battery reserve with optional integrated DC renewable control.

In charging mode the system maintains the battery voltage at a user specified value and charges the battery in accordance with the manufacturer procedures. This maximises the life of the battery bank, a potentially costly investment.

The operation and control set points of the system

4. Technical description

J. Mazumdar *


are completely flexible, making the system the one of the most configurable unit available. This guarantee that its function can be tailored for each application. In this case for the Academy, allowing optimally customised performance.

The system offers through LED screen a full over view of the performance and status. There is a self test in built, and it is possible to attach a computer or a modem for remote monitoring and control (SCADA). If there is a telephone line, it is possible to access the system and get a full over view of the performance. Through a in built data logger special events can be stored and evaluated.

The wind generator has a maximum output of 2.5 kW at a rated wind speed of 12.5.m/s and is manufactured by Westwind Turbines in Kelmscott, Western Australia. The wind turbine has 3 blades, a rotor diameter of 3.6 metres, a permanent magnet generator with 3 phases, variable volts and hertz . The weight of the turbine is around 150kg and the turbine is mounted on a 18 meters pole. The wind turbine has a cut in wind speed of 2.5 m/s. The photovoltaic array consists out of 2.7 kW modules of Tata BP solar of Bangalore and 3.3 kW modules of Siemens. The modules are mounted on manual tracking frames.

The mains, the wind generator and the solar array are connected to the AES power control system and are charging a battery bank of 120 V DC and 600 Ah capacity.

From the output of the AES power control system different loads in the Academy are connected. The loads are spread over a distance up to 300 meters and are as follows:

50 lamps PL 10 W, 10 computers, 4 printers, telephone exchange, water pump, electronic laboratory, emergency light

The AES power control system has performed until now without any major problems. They had a smaller problem with the software, which did not effect the performance of the system. By a recent visit of a AES engineer the problem could be solved by reloading the software. The out put of the inverter as is sine wave, frequency,efficiency, stable voltage, overload, surge capacity and so far as availability is concerned it is excellent.

5. Evaluation of results

Through the microprocessor controlled hardware it is possible to configure and adapt the system to the local requirements and specifications. They could adjust the float voltage of batteries, the bulk charge voltage, the cut in voltage of the mains charger, alarm status, priority of solar wind charge against mains charge. The system is even immune to the rough condition of the Indian Grid and can deal with power cuts spikes and other most hazardous irregularities.

The solar charge controller which features a maximum power point tracker and optimises the charging current of the solar cells has performed without any problems. The same was observed with the wind controller.

Through the individual settings of the parameters it is possible to configure the whole system in such a way that optimisation of size and efficiency of the wind generator the solar array and the battery can be achieved. This ultimately results in a significant reduction of the overall system costs and an increased life span. As per the performance and the features of the AES power system it definitely has to be rated among the top products in this range. The wind generator manufactured by West Wind of Perth runs since its erection very smoothly without any problems. The output rating of the manufacturer could be confirmed by individual ampere readings at specified wind speeds.

The turbine has passed already several serious storms without damage. The 3-blade arrangement and the 12 pole permanent generator ensure a easy starting and early power production. The mechanical stability and workmanship of the turbine is excellent.

The photovoltaic cells perform as per their specification. Mt. Abu has al most clear skies and has a annual solar irradiation of nearly 2000kw/sq. The wind speed at Mt. Abu is around 4 meters per year average. The grid has a very bad quality and is available 75 % of the time only.

At present to maximum load at the inverter is 5kw peak. The actual load follows a curve as per the demand of the users.

The peak load is in morning (computers) and


evening (light). By a good load management for the pump etc. the load could be diverted more equal through out the day.

The daily total charge by solar is in full sunshine around 25 kwh. In night time they battery bank discharges by 15% of its rated capacity of 600Ah. However, this ensures a long life span of the battery. In addition there is a good back up time for cloudy condition.

The contribution of the wind generator, is as per the wind speed in Mt. Abu more significant in the summer and monsoon time. In any case it is observed that the charging is more irregular and that under this wind regime the wind generator can be seen only as a secondary additional charging source.

As per the microprocessor settings the charging through the grid comes into picture only if solar and wind is not sufficient. By the size of the battery bank and the present load 5 sunshine days can be managed without additional charge through the grid. Especially in rainy season Mt. Abu is quite cloudy and then charging through the grid or diesel generator becomes necessary.

Finally we can say that the 10 kW AES Power system in combination with solar / wind / grid or diesel has proven to be a reliable option for the electrification of remote areas.

Training and some technical expertise at the side is necessary to maintain and run the system efficiently.

The Academy attracts around 60000 visitors per year. Out of them many are getting introduced to the renewable energy systems at the Academy. They receive quite a good feedback from many and the informations regarding prices, manufacturer etc. are duly passed on.

Through awareness campaigns the public should be informed about the advantages of a decentralised power generation based on renewable energy. This can redirect some of the investment presently needed to improve the

6. Cost benefit analysis on renewable energy products

quality of the grid by UPS or stabilisers towards renewable energy products.

Acknowledgement: The World Renewal Spiritual Trust of Brahma Kumaris, Mount Abu.

* This article is compiled by Mr. Jayabrata Mazumdar, who is in NCQM's expert panel in the area of Energy Audit and Energy Management.

11

Admissions Open For

JULY 2013 BATCH

Post Diploma in

Total Quality Management

Distant Learning Modewith contact sessions for providing

guidance and responding tostudents difficulties

For brochures & details: please contact the

Course Co-ordinator

National Centre for Quality Management,Mumbai

(Brochure & Application form

can also be downloaded

from www.ncqm.com)

Focuses on TQM, TPM, Kaizen, 5S & 7W, Six Sigma,ISO 9000 QMS, ISO 14000 EMS, OHSAS,

IMS, HACCP, TS 16949, SA 8000, SPC, Statistical Techniques and

Organisational Excellence

Examination centres Mumbai, Ajmer, Nagpur, Noida, Pune

Quality - Striving for ExcellenceApril - June 2013

Carbon credit

1. What is Carbon credit

2. Background

Carbon credits are a key component of National

and International emissions trading schemes that

have been implemented to mitigate global war-

ming. They provide a way to reduce greenhouse

effect emissions on an industrial scale by capping

total annual emissions and letting the market

assign a monetary value to any shortfall through

trading. Credits can be exchanged between

businesses or bought and sold in international

markets at the prevailing market price. Credits can

be used to finance carbon reduction schemes

between trading partners and around the world.

There are also many companies that sell carbon

credits to commercial and individual customers

who are interested in lowering their carbon

footprint on a voluntary basis. These carbon off-

setters purchase the credits from an investment

fund or a carbon development company that has

aggregated the credits from individual projects.

The quality of the credits is based in part on the

validation process and sophistication of the fund

or development company that acted as the sponsor

to the carbon project. This is reflected in their price;

voluntary units typically have less value than the

units sold through the rigorously-validated Clean

Development Mechanism.

Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of

industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially

for power, cement, steel, textile, fertilizer and

many other industries which rely on fossil fuels

(coal, electricity derived from coal, natural gas and

oil). The major greenhouse gases emitted by these

industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous

oxide, hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), etc, which all

increase the atmosphere's ability to trap infrared

energy and thus affect the climate. The concept of

carbon credits came into existence as a result of

increasing awareness of the need for controlling

emissions.

The mechanism was formalized in the Kyoto

Protocol, an international agreement between

more than 170 countries, and the market

mechanisms were agreed through the subsequent

Accords The mechanism adopted was similar to

the successful US Acid Rain Program to reduce

some industrial pollutants.

The protocol agreed 'caps' or 'quotas' on the

maximum amount of Greenhouse gases for

developed and developing countries. In turn these

countries set quotas on the emissions of

installations run by local business and other

organizations, generically termed 'operators'.

Countries manage this through their own national

'registries', which are required to be validated and

monitored for compliance by the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNFCCC. Each operator has an allowance of

credits, where each unit gives the owner the right

to emit one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or other

equivalent greenhouse gas. Operators that have

not used up their quotas can sell their unused

allowances as carbon credits, while businesses that

are about to exceed their quotas can buy the extra

allowances as credits, privately or on the open

market. As demand for energy grows over time,

the total emissions must still stay within the cap,

but it allows industry some flexibility and

predictability in its planning to accommodate this.

By permitting allowances to be bought and sold,

an operator can seek out the most cost-effective

way of reducing its emissions, either by investing

in 'cleaner' machinery and practices or by

purchasing emissions from another operator who

already has excess 'capacity'.

Since 2005, the Kyoto mechanism has been

adopted for CO2 trading by all the countries

within the European Union under its European

Trading Scheme (EU ETS) with the European

Commission as its validating authority. From

2008, EU participants must link with the

3. Emission allowances

Dr. P. Poddar *


developed countries who ratified Annex I of the

protocol, and trade the six most significant

greenhouse gases. In the United States, which has

not ratified Kyoto, and Australia , whose

ratification came into force in March 2008, similar

schemes are being considered.

A credit can be an emission allowance which was

originally allocated or auctioned by the national

administrators of a cap-and-trade program, or it

can be an offset of emissions. Such offsetting and

mitigating activities can occur in any developing

country which has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and

has a national agreement in place to validate its

carbon project through one of the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNFCCC's approved mechanisms. Once

approved, these units are termed Certified

Emission Reductions, or CERs. The Protocol

allows these projects to be constructed and

credited in advance of the Kyoto trading period.

The Kyoto Protocol provides for three

mechanisms that enable countries or operators in

developed countries to acquire greenhouse gas

reduction credits

• Under Joint Implementation (JI) a developed

country with relatively high costs of domestic

greenhouse reduction would set up a project in

another developed country.

• Under the Clean Development Mechanism

(CDM) a developed country can 'sponsor' a

reenhouse gas reduction project in a developing

country where the cost of greenhouse gas

reduction project activities is usually much

lower, but the atmospheric effect is globally

equivalent. The developed country would be

given credits for meeting its emission reduction

targets, while the developing country would

receive the capital investment and clean

technology or beneficial change in land use.

• Under International Emissions Trading (IET)

countries can trade in the international carbon

credit market to cover their shortfall in

allowances. Countries with surplus credits can

4. Kyoto's 'flexible mechanisms’

sell them to countries with capped emission

commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.

These carbon projects can be created by a national

government or by an operator within the country.

In reality, most of the transactions are not

performed by national governments directly, but

by operators who have been set quotas by their

country.

For trading purposes, one allowance or CER is

considered equivalent to one metric tonne of CO2

emissions. These allowances can be sold privately

or in the international market at the prevailing

market price. These trade and settle interna-

tionally and hence allow allowances to be trans-

ferred between countries. Each international

transfer is validated by the UNFCCC. Each

transfer of ownership within the European Union

is additionally validated by the European

Commission.

Climate exchanges have been established to

provide a spot market in allowances, as well as

futures and options market to help discover a

market price and maintain liquidity. Carbon

prices are normally quoted in Euros per tonne of

carbon dioxide or its equivalent (CO2e). Other

greenhouse gasses can also be traded, but are

quoted as standard multiples of carbon dioxide

with respect to their global warming potential.

These features reduce the quota's financial impact

on business, while ensuring that the quotas are

met at a national and international level.

Currently there are at least six exchanges trading

in carbon allowances: the Chicago Climate

Exchange, European Climate Exchange, Nord

Pool, PowerNext, Multi Commodity Exchange

and National Commodity and Derivatives

Exchange. Recently, NordPool listed a contract to

trade offsets generated by a CDM carbon project

called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs).

Many companies now engage in emissions

abatement, offsetting, and sequestration programs

to generate credits that can be sold on one of the

exchanges.

5. Emission markets


Louis Redshaw, head of environmental markets at

Barclays Capital predicts that "Carbon will be the

world's biggest commodity market, and it could

become the world's biggest market overall.”

Carbon credits create a market for reducing

greenhouse emissions by giving a monetary value

to the cost of polluting the air. Emissions become

an internal cost of doing business and are visible

on the balance sheet alongside raw materials and

other liabilities or assets.

By way of example, consider a business that owns

a factory putting out 100,000 tones of

greenhouse gas emissions in a year. Its

government is an Annex I country that enacts a

law to limit the emissions that the business can

produce. So the factory is given a quota of say

80,000 tonnes per year. The factory either reduces

its emissions to 80,000 tonnes or is required to

purchase carbon credits to offset the excess. After

costing up alternatives the business may decide

that it is uneconomical or infeasible to invest in

new machinery for that year. Instead it may choose

to buy carbon credits on the open market from

organizations that have been approved as being

able to sell legitimate carbon credits.

• One seller might be a company that will

offer to offset emissions through a project

in the developing world, such as recovering

methane from a swine farm to feed a power

station that previously would use fossil fuel. So

although the factory continues to emit gases, it

would pay another group to reduce the

equivalent of 20,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide

emissions from the atmosphere for that year.

• Another seller may have already invested

in new low-emission machinery and have a

surplus of allowances as a result. The

factory could make up for its emissions by

buying 20,000 tonnes of allowances from

them. The cost of the seller's new machinery

would be subsidized by the sale of allowances.

6. How buying carbon credits can reduce

emissions

6.1 Economics of global warming

Both the buyer and the seller would submit

accounts for their emissions to prove that their

allowances were met correctly.

It is also important for any carbon credit (offset) to

prove a concept ca l led addi t ional i ty .

Additionality is a term used by Kyoto's Clean

Development Mechanism to describe the fact that

a carbon dioxide reduction project (carbon

project) would not have occurred had it not been

for concern for the mitigation of climate change.

More succinctly, a project that has proven

additionality is a beyond-business-as-usual

project.

It is generally agreed that voluntary carbon offset

projects must also prove additionality in order to

ensure the legitimacy of the environmental

stewardship claims resulting from the retirement

of the carbon credit (offset). According the World

Resources Institute/World Business Council for

Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD) “GHG

emission trading programs operate by capping the

emissions of a fixed number of individual facilities

or sources. Under these programs, tradable 'offset

credits' are issued for project-based GHG

reductions that occur at sources not covered by the

program. Each offset credit allows facilities whose

emissions are capped to emit more, in direct

proportion to the GHG reductions represented by

the credit. The idea is to achieve a zero net increase

in GHG emissions, because each tonne of

increased emissions is 'offset' by project-based

GHG reductions. The difficulty is that many

projects that reduce GHG emissions (relative to

historical levels) would happen regardless of the

existence of a GHG program and without any

concern for climate change mitigation. If a project

'would have happened anyway,' then issuing

offset credits for its GHG reductions will actually

allow a positive net increase in GHG emissions,

undermining the emissions target of the GHG

program. Additionality is thus critical to the

success and integrity of GHG programs that

recognize project-based GHG reductions."

6.2 Additionality and its importance


7. Criticisms

Environmental restrictions and activities have

traditionally been imposed on businesses through

regulation. Many people were, and still are,

uneasy at the use of a novel market-based

approach to managing emissions, although the

concept of Cap and Trade eventually won the day

in international negotiations.

The Kyoto mechanism is the only internationally-

agreed mechanism for regulating carbon credit

activities, and, crucially, includes checks for

additionality and overall effectiveness. Its

supporting organization, the UNFCCC, is the only

organization with a global mandate on the overall

effectiveness of emission control systems,

although enforcement of decisions relies on

national co-operation. The Kyoto trading period

only applies for five years between 2008 and 2012.

The first phase of the EU ETS system started before

then, and is expected to continue in a third phase

afterwards, and may co-ordinate with whatever is

internationally-agreed at but there is general

uncertainty as to what will be agreed in Post-

Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas

emissions. As business investment often operates

over decades, this adds risk and uncertainty to

their plans. As several countries responsible for a

large proportion of global emissions (notably

USA, Australia, China) have avoided mandatory

caps, this also means that businesses in capped

countries may perceive themselves to be working

at a competitive disadvantage against those in

uncapped countries as they are now paying for

their carbon costs directly.

A key concept behind the cap and trade system is

that national quotas should be chosen to represent

genuine and meaningful reductions in national

output of emissions. Not only does this ensure that

overall emissions are reduced but also that the

costs of emissions trading are carried fairly across

all parties to the trading system.

* Dr. Poddar is in NCQM's expert panel. He is a

specialist in IMS (Integrated Management System

comprising QMS, EMS and OHSAS)

NCQM NEWS APRIL-JUNE 2013

WELCOME ABOARD - NEW MEMBERS

Converted from Corporate to Corporate Life category :

LC0127 Hindustan Platinum Pvt. Ltd.

Ms. Hema Doctor Navi Mumbai

LC0128 Godfrey Phillips India Ltd.

Mr. Shailendra S. Karve Navi Mumbai

LC0129 Siemens Limited

Mr. A. S. Zope Mumbai

Patron Member category:

PT3023 NRB Bearings Ltd.

Mrs. Harshbeena Zaveri Mumbai

Senior Life category :

SL0026 Dr. Smeia Vani Srinagar

Converted from Senior to Senior Life category :

SL0027 Prof. B. V. R. Murty Navi Mumbai

Converted from Student to Senior Life category

SL0028 Mr. Yogesh Deepak Jagtap

Navi Mumbai

Senior Member category :

SM0135 Mr. Sachin Maruti Yesane Mumbai

SM0136 Mr. S. Giridhara Coimbatore

Converted from Fellow to Fellow Life category :

FL0006 Mr. M. S. Raghavan Ayyangar Mumbai

Individual Member :

MI0524 Mr. Kaustav Das Orissa

MI0525 Mr. Biswajit Satapathy Orissa

MI0526 Mr. Biswajit Mishra Bhubaneswar

MI0527 Mr. Ajoya K. Pradhan Bhubaneswar

MI0528 Mr. Nabnit Panigrahi Bhubaneswar

MI0529 Mr. Mohanty Baidyanath Bhubaneswar

MI0530 Mr. Rajesh Kumar Ojha Bhubaneswar

MI0531 Dr. Niti Ranjan Chand Bhubaneswar

MI0532 Mr. Umasankar Das Orissa

MI0533 Mr. Arun Kumar Parida Orissa

MI0534 Mrs. Arul Sathya Bangalore

MI0535 Mr. Sudarshan G. Kale Wada, Thane


Future of Quality

40+ quality professionals including some students from various organizations attended the 'Future of Quality' Talk by Navin Dedhia of USA. The talk was organized by National Centre for Quality Management at NCQM Learning Centre in Mumbai on April 4, 2013.

The presentation covered various aspects of quality, quality trends and its impact on the industries and future of quality profession. He started with past was perfect, present is tense but the future should make sense. Future is not like looking into a crystal ball and predicting it. It is a systematic way to collect, analyze and evaluate data to find out outcomes.

(Steve) Job, (Johnny) Cash and (Bob) Hope are no more there. But, how to survive and grow in this competitive world are important. Businesses want quality in their product since beginning but still not addicted to quality like a smoker or a drunkard gets addicted after few days. The road to future is always under construction with new ideas, new approaches. The consequences of future are determined by the actions of the past. To change the future, decisions of today must be altered. Nearly every business has quality slogans and touts a commitment to quality, but still lacks something.

History of quality and its evolutionary journey from one piece inspection to statistical process control to quality control to quality engineering to quality assurance and TQM and quality management systems were reviewed. With the systems approach, quality field has expanded from manufacturing and services to healthcare, education and government. Wheel of quality moved from product inspection to process control to methodologies to systems. New emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and newer innovative tools along with newer fields of biosciences, alternative sources of energy, biomedical and pharmaceutical will influence more in future.

ASQ's future study indicated that the future quality will be shaped by global responsibility,

Navin S. Dedhia *ASQ Fellow, San Jose, California, USA

increased consumer awareness, globalization, the increasing rate of change, the workforce of future, aging population in developed countries, 21st century quality and innovation.

Ethical leadership, waste reduction, new consumer markets, technological change, challenges and opportunities coming out from aging population will be critical to affect the future of quality. Other forces affecting equally are emphasis on value creation, information revolution, and changes in quality practices, environmental concerns, social responsibility and competition.

Quality will play play a major role in the strategic direction of an organization. Enterprise level quality, quality culture and quality in every field of endeavor will create new roles for the quality leader. Will A. Foster's statement on quality, 'Quality is never an accident. It is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skillful execution. It represents the wise choice of many alternatives.' is valid today.

In summary, the pursuit of quality will become more innovative, flexible and quick to implement effective solutions driving business results and reflecting customer desires. Quality professionals cannot remain passive but develop understanding of business, technical and newer skills. Quality professionals have to be customer-sensitive and market driven. They will be more responsive with a sense of urgency. Agile, flexible and adaptable in delivering products and services to the market place will be added qualifications for the workforce.

Sometime one has to make a peace with the past in order to keep the future from becoming a constant battle. In the future, quality will be a measure to u n d e r s t a n d w h i c h p r o d u c t i s m o r ecomfortable to human, society and earth.

The goal of future is not to predict the future but to improve it. Making the world a better place through quality should be a motto for every organization.

Printed & Publised by Chairman, Publication Committee, on behalf of National Centre for Quality Management.Published from National Centre for Quality Management, G-503, Kailas Industrial Complex, Vikhroli-Hiranandani Link Road,V i k h r o l i ( W ) , M u m b a i - 4 0 0 0 7 9 . T e l . : ( 0 2 2 ) 2 5 1 7 0 4 8 3 / 6 9 ; E - m a i l : n c q m @ v s n l . c o m a n dprinted at Mahavir Printers, Plot # 286, New Anand Soc., Nr. Railway Station, Pant Nagar, Ghatkopar (E), Mumbai - 400075.

quality - striving for excellence - striving for excellence ... june 2013 no. 2 ncqm's...

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