quality of wood fuel, suitable operating regimes of
TRANSCRIPT
Seite 1
Implemented by
Quality of wood fuel, suitable operating regimes
of biomass boilers and different types of business
organisation for biomass projects
Belgrade, 18th of October 2018
C. Letalik, Dipl. Ing. agr.
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.
Heat from Biomass – multilateral, reliable, sustainable
Seite 2
Implemented by
Who is C.A.R.M.E.N. e. V.?Central Agricultural Raw materials Marketing and
Energy Network , registered non profit association
Coordination office for renewable resources in Bavaria
Founded in 1992, 70 members, 40 employees
Consulting, public relations and project management
regard to energetically use of biomass, bank reports
Project assessment and project evaluation for the
Bavarian Ministry of Economy, Media, Energy and Technology
Further information: www.carmen-ev.de
Christian Letalik, [email protected] *49(0)160-8575069
Germany
City of
Straubing
Seite 3
Implemented by
380 Biomass Heat Plants: BioKlima Program
16 Woodgas CHP in BioSol Program
More than ●380 biomass
heat plants (0,2
MWth. – 5 MWth.)
(with heat grid)
in Bavaria.
Supported with
investment
subsidies by
the Bavarian
Government,
evaluated over
7 to 12 years
sources for
long term tech-
nical and eco-
nomical data.
Criteria of efficiency
➢ Biomass boiler
➢ 2,500 full load hours
in a bivalent system
➢ 2,000 h monovalent
➢ Heat pipeline
➢1,500 kWh/m, year
heat density in the
District Heating grid
➢1 km 1,500 MWh
heat demand by all
clients in the district
heating
Seite 4
Implemented by
• One third of
renewables - based
electricity supply
from biomass, but
dominated by
biogas plants (18%).
Only 8% from solid
fuels.
• Biogenic liquid
fuels only have very
small relevance.
• One third from wind
energy onshore,
wind energy
offshore is
increasing rapidly.
• One third from PV
and hydropower.
Solid Biomass: 8% of 153TWh = 12.000
GWh with 1,5 GWel = 8.000 full load
hours
Wind: 34% of 153 TWh = 51.000 GWh
with 34 GWel = 1.500 full load hours
PV: 20,5% of 153TWh = 31.000 GWh
with 36 GWel = 860 full load hours
Hydropower: 14% of 153TWh
= 21.000 GWh with 4,5 GWel
= 4.700 full load hours
Electricity from renewables – a good mixture in Germany
Seite 5
Implemented by
88 % bioenergy share on
renewable heat supply
means 13 % of total heat
demand in 2015
39,8 % biogenic solid
fuels for households
6,4 % solid fuels
in services sector
17,1% biogenic solid
fuels for industry
3,9 % biogenic solid
fuels heat plants/CHP
1,3 % biogenic
liquid fuels
11,6 % biogas
7,5 % biogenic
share in residual
waste
5,0% solar
heat
7,4 % geothermal
heating
geothermal
pgggggggggower Source: BMWi, AGEE-Stat, FNR 2016
Renewable Energy Heat Supply in Germany 2015
Seite 6
Implemented by
Biomass plant
with wood chip
bunker
Different heat sinks
with different annual
curve and peak load
COOLING?!
Hospitals do need
heat (cooling) and
hot water all year
round same
conditions in
tourism (hotels,
spa…) and e.g. food
industry
(processing heat)
Schools need the
heat up to eight
months a year
Outdoor swimming
pools need the heat
five months a year
e.g. Church: very
low demand for
heat supply
Biomass Heat Plant System – Technical Design
0
10
20
30
40
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60
70
80
90
100
Heizenergie
Warmwasser
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Heizenergie
Warmwasser
Heat demand
and heat load of
all clients must
be well
evaluated
Ask for former
energy
consumption
(heat oil, natural
gas, wood logs,
electricity…)
Regard the
efficiency of old
boilers and
respect the
„diversity
factor“ 70-90%
1.000 kW
100 kW
50 kW
150 kW
200 kW
100 kW
heat load of all
clients = 2.000
kW „diversity
factor“ 80%
heat load in the
DH system:
1.600 kW
Heat grid 1,000 m
Biomass Heat Plant System – Technical Design is essential !!!!
Seite 7
Implemented by
Jahresdauerlinie ab Heizhaus (HH)
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
1 8760Stunden [h]
Erf
ord
erl
ich
e u
nd
vo
rha
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en
e W
ärm
ele
istu
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ab
He
izh
au
s (
HH
)
[kW
]
Ölkessel 1200 kw GasÖl-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 1200 kW_th von verfügbaren 1200 kW_th; Energieanteil:16,2% von geliefert
Strohkessel 800 kW Feststoff-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 800 kW_th; Energieanteil: 83,8% von geliefert
Erforderliche Leistung 2000 kW thermisch
Definierte Leistung 2000 kW thermischMax. heat load at 1.600 kW; peak load >
800 kW and low load < 240 kW from fossil
fuel boiler (Ø 10-20% of total heat prod.)
oil/gas = 5-10%
wood chips = 80-90% = 2.500 MWh
oil/ gas = 5-10%
Wood Chip boiler with 800 kW thermal out-
put; base load from 240 kW up to 800 kW
hours 8,760 h
2,500 kW
0 h
H
E
A
T
L
O
A
D
in
K
W
Dimensioning of Wood Chip Boiler - bivalent system
Wood Chips:
800 tons per
year = 3.000
m3; storage
at the plant
for 2-3 weeks
in winter
time about
150 - 250 m3
Seite 8
Implemented by
67,067,4
75,173,7
69,0 69,2
63,265,4
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Full costs for heat production Heat prices (income)
all heat plants
Biomass boilersFull load hours:< 2.500
Biomass boilersFull load hours:2.500 < x > 3.500
Biomass boilersFull load hours:> 3.500
Dimensioning of Wood Chip Boilers – Ø Full Load Hours
Seite 9
Implemented by
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0,5 1,5 2,5 3,5 4,5
Ne
tzve
rlu
ste
[%
]
be
zog
en
au
f d
ie z
ug
efü
hrt
e W
ärm
em
eg
e
Wärmebelegungsdichte [MWh/(m*a)]
20 W/m
25 W/m
30 W/m
35 W/m
Spezifische
Verlustleistung der
Nahwärmeleitung:
Zielwert Netzverluste: max. 10 %
How to reduce heat
losses in the pipeline?
Heat demand in MWh/(m*a)
Heat
losses i
n %
in
pip
eli
ne
Specific Heat
losses in W/m
► Minimal proportion of heat demand should be 1,5 MWh/m, year.► example: 1 km of heat pipe should transport at least 1.500 MWh of heat to the clients (replacing 150.000 litres of heat oil)
► heat losses in DH should be kept as low as possible in terms of efficiency and profitability. Target value: maximum 15%
Seite 10
Implemented by
Important details:➢Insulation standard➢Diameter of pipeline➢Size of grid pumps➢Insulation standard➢Level of supply temperature ➢Temperature spreading➢Hydraulic reconciliation➢Efficiency in the entire grid➢Efficiency in parts of the grid➢Year round operation or not
Heat demand in MWh/(m*a)
Heat
losses i
n %
in
pip
eli
ne
PARAMETERS TO REDUCE HEAT LOSSES
Seite 11
Implemented by
++ public pools, hospitals, dormitories, old age home
++ wood processing plants with drying station, laundries,
dairies, breweries, slaughterhouses, food industry in
general (fish, fruit, meat…), greenhouses, farming, medium
temperature process heating in industry
++ hotels, spa areas, restaurants residential areas / apart-
ment buildings; FOSSIL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS
very good
conditions
- low energy houses
- residential areas with few houses
- small individual objects with low
heat demand such as storage halls
worse
conditions
+ new developement areas, densely populated
+ municipal and office buildings, schools
+ commercial areas and industrial areas
+ farming such as chicken / poultry breeding
maybe combination with solar heat and “waste heat”
good
conditions
WHERE DISTRICT HEATING WITH BIOMASS?
Seite 12
Implemented by
► Capital Investment (amount of annuity) – Overhead costs
► Investment for building (heating house, bunker,
chimney) and heat pipe
► wood chip fired boiler; fossil boiler for peak demand
► hydraulic systems, control technology
► pumps, compressor and other components
► installation and commissioning
► technical planning and design, building permission
► Consumption bound costs – variable costs
► wood chips, heating gas oil, natural gas;
► electricity, waste (ash) management
► Operating and other costs
► manpower costs for maintenance and repair, cleaning
► management, insurances, measurement of fume etc.
Seite 13
Implemented by
Structure of costs in %, figures on
the left in €/MWh
Fuel costs for biomass: ~ 30 - 40 %
Fuel costs for gas or fuel oil: ~ 5-10 %
Costs for electricity: ~ 3 - 5 %
Capital costs: ~ 25 - 35 %
Operating costs: ~ 15 - 20%
Costs for ash disposal: 1-3 %
• Fuel costs for (natural) biomass
with about 30 - 40 % of total costs
– same share as capital costs
• Price for wood chips in
Germany = 2,5-3,5 ct/kWh (!!!!) 2018: same structure;
average full costs 9-10 ct/kWh
Structure of costs of a Biomass Heat plant Project
Seite 14
Implemented by
Which factors are influencing the decision for the kind of business organisation?
There are different ways of capital procurement for the company Stock Company (not very common); Cooperatives (about 1,000 in Germany)
Limited Ltd. with minimum 25,000 € original share capital (very common)
GmbH (& Co. KG) with Ltd. and Holding
There are different ways of decision making in the company e.g. 51%//49% or 24,9%//24,9%//50,2% or 4 x 25% OR numerous share holders
Energy Cooperative with numerous members – and voting rights identification
Heat clients are owners of heat production facility and heat grid and also are investors
There are different ways of collateralisazion / backup within the company e.g. Wood chip suppliers like forestry companies and / or sawmill owners
more stability for the whole project // sharing risks and costs
There are different ways of economical liability / responsibility GmbH (& Co. KG) – Ltd. Company with limited liability and limited partnership
e.g. Entrepreneur plus wood chip supplier plus municipality plus church plus banks
(as clients and opinion leaders)
Different forms of business organisation for Energy Production
Heat Contracting Company as Service Provider e.g. specialized Contractor or municipal utilities
Seite 16
Implemented by
Energy Cooperatives in Bavaria
Source: GVB (2012): Erfolgsmodell Genossenschaft: Die Energiewende gemeinsam gestalten
Heat supply
Energy supply
Seite 17
Implemented by
C.A.R.M.E.N. Index for Prices of Solid and Fossil Fuels
Prices for wood chips, wood pellets, split logs
fuel oil and natural gas in Germany
Fuel oil
Natural Gas
Split logs
Wood pellets
Wood chips
C.A.R.M.E.N. Index for Prices of Solid and Fossil Fuels
Seite 18
Implemented by
ORGANISATION OF PRICE INDEX
➢ Per telefax or online schedule (pdf) // 270 direct inquiries
➢ Permanent acquisition by E-Mail and phone (more efficient)
➢ Participants get all data and charts for free in reward
➢ Average value is calculated of all published prices
➢ Unrealistically high prices (as high as the moon) and
- if there were - unrealistically low prices are eliminated
➢ The size of enterprise (amount of products) is not relevant
➢ Wood chip prices every three months, pellet prices monthly
➢ Clear definition of quality features, especially for wood chips
(moisture, particle size) is important.
➢ Wood chips from forestry, not saw mill
➢ Additional information:
➢ Indication of prices only in € per ton
➢ Prices and participants on website
➢ Publishment allowed with reference source
*Bulk quantity
(30 m3/80 m3)
*Delivery (20km)
*Taxes VAT
Seite 19
Implemented by
USERS WHO ARE INTERESTED IN THE INDEX
➢ Clients and users of biomass boilers; operators of biomass heat
plants – price check and market transparency Buyers and
brokers of solid biomass fuels (wood chips, pellets, brickettes)
➢ Operators of District Heating System - Contracting Companies
to elaborate price variation clauses in long-ranging heat
contracts. HERE: most important for this group of index users is
the relative development of C.A.R.M.E.N. wood chip index.
➢ Often it is not the absolute price which has priority for the users.
➢ Decision makers who want to develop a biomass heat plant
concept and need serious basic economic data for the full cost
calculation of their project. CONSULTING.
➢ Decision makers in the field of energy transition
who want to elaborate alternative concepts
based on biomass compared with fossil variants.
➢ Economic evaluation of different heat (CHP) systems.
Seite 20
Implemented by
Period Description
Month Wood Chips Briquettes Wood Pellets Overall Results
Jan 18 2.465 197 3.230 5.892
Feb 18 1.876 172 2.621 4.669
Mrz 18 1.895 141 2.869 4.905
Apr 18 1.529 144 2.296 3.969
Mai 18 1.458 150 2.560 4.168
Overall Results 9.223 804 13.576 23.603
WOOD CHIPS, PELLETS, BRIQUETTES - CLICKS
Monthly numbers of visits to our website
concerning price index for solid biomass fuels
Seite 21
Implemented by
OVERVIEW ON SOLID BIOFUELS
Solid
biofuels
Energy
f crops
Woody
Biomassg
Stalk
Biomassg
Cereal
plants
Miscanthusgf
Energy
grass
SRC
Wood
Residual
materials
Stalk
biomass
Woody
Biomassg
Residues
from
stand
Residues
from
processin
g
Residues
after
usage
kUntreated
waste
wood
Treated
waste
wood
Industrial
waste wood
Saw mill
residues
Forest
residues
Small
wood
Pruning of
fruit trees,
winestock,
landscape
material
Straw
Hayg
Roadside
grassgReference:
Holzabsatzfonds
Seite 22
Implemented by
Prices for wood chips, wood pellets, split logs
and other solid biomass fuels in Germany
Fuel oil Wood
chips
(35%
H2O)
Split
logs
33 cm
Wood-
pellets
corn Straw Straw -
pellets
Miscan-
thus
Olive
residues
(nuclei)
in Spain
Cur-
rent
price
0,80
€/l
80
€/t
60
€/m3
220
€/t
200
€/t
80
€/t
150
€/t
80
€/t
150
€/t
Costs
per
kWh
in €-
cent
8,0 3,0 4,5 5,0 4,0 2,0 3,5 2,0 3,5
Prices of Solid and Fossil Fuels in €-Cent per kWh netto
Price for natural gas: 5 €-Cent up to 10 €-Cent per kWh !!
Prices of Solid and Fossil Fuels in €-Cent per kWh netto
Seite 23
Implemented by
• Raw material: saw dust from untreated wood
• Homogenously , standardized fuel (DIN EN ISO) with high
energy density (2 kg = 1 Liter fuel oil)
• Efficiency up to 90 %; low particulate, CO and NOx emissions
• Many small plants up to 50 kW, but also plants up to 5 MW
• High level of convenience
• Delivery with tankers with injection technology
• Fully automatic and failure-free operation
• Little ash (only about 1% of the pellet‘s weight)
• Good option in rural AND urban areas – combination with
solar heat is a good possible commonly - ENplus and DINplus
PELLET HEATING SYSTEMS
Seite 24
Implemented by
+ Straw is available in rural areas (mind humus!)
+ Technology for burning, harvesting and storage is
state of the art (special German, Austrian and
Danish boiler technology is available)
Although ash melting point is significantly lower
Storage = harvest campaign during few weeks
Higher ash content, higher Cl and S
content could lead to corrosion problems
Higher requirements to the combustion
technology and flue gas cleaning (bag
filter, electric filter)
Removal of humus feedstock and C by
straw utilization
Ash melting
temperaturegf
Strawgf
Woodgf
STRAW AS A SOLID FUEL FOR HEATING?
Seite 25
Implemented by
TEST: Firing pellets from Olive residues – no slag
Olive
nuclei
nutshells
Source:
Split logs
Pellets from Olive residues
Residues from oil / wine and other food production - solid fuels?
Seite 26
Implemented by
Quelle:
LWF
Moisture (% of fresh
matter)
Calo
ric
valu
e H
u (
MW
h/t
)10 20 30 40 50 60
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
Correlation
caloric value -
moisture
Quality of Solid Fuels – Fines?
Hackgut-klasse
zulässige und jeweilige Bandbreite für Teilchengröße (Siebanalyse)
zulässige Extremwerte für Teilchen
max.20 % 60-100% max. 20% max. 4%max. Quer-
schnitt
Länge
G 30 >16 mm16-2,8
mm1,8-1 mm <1 mm 3 cm² 8,5 cm
G 50 <31,5 mm31,5-5,6
mm5,6-1 mm <1 mm 5 cm² 12 cm
G 100 >63 mm63-11,2
mm11,2-1
mm<1 mm 10 cm² 25 cm
Seite 27
Implemented by
Reference: LWF, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft
Forest
residues
Pulpwood
Forest
residues
Merchandable wood = Wood > diameter 10 cm
Trunk
wood
Efficient Use of Timber Wood AND Forest Residues
Seite 28
Implemented by
Efficient Wood Chipping along the Forest Road• Allocation as decoupled process step with large mobile wood
chipper
• On-site chipping can be approved if the truck can approach
properly (driveway should be 8-10 m wide, flat and not steep)
• Raw material should be stored consitently with the thicker end
horizontally right angled to the forest road
• Feeding of chippers often is organized on the right!
• Highest productivity for round timber is Ø 100 m³/h, for forest
residues (crown and branches) Ø 75 m³/h
• The stronger the chipper‘s gear the higher the output
• Output/h for softwood > hardwood
• Knife sharpness is very important!
• Overall efficiency is dependent on adjusting the logistics to the
chipper‘s efficiency – to avoid waiting time!
• Avoid input of soil, stones etc.
Efficient Wood Chipping along the Forest Road
Seite 29
Implemented by
Different resources for wood chips different quality
Fotos: www.haeckselzug.de
Seite 32
Implemented by
Chipping
and sievinggfDrying
gf
Storagegf
Transportgf
Preparing Quality Solid Fuels from Tree Cuttings - one efficient
Working Step on a Biomass Logistic and Trade Center - BLTC
Seite 33
Implemented by
Preparing Solid Fuels from Landscape Material in a
Composting Plant – Drying with Heat from Biogas CHP
Seite 36
Implemented by
▪ Switch from fossil fuels to solid biomass
in District heating systems in Serbia
▪ Plants with several hundreds of MWth
to large for a complete conversion into biomass CHP
▪ „Rule of thumb“: per MWel installed capacity and 7.000 h
(full load hours) in a heat conducted operation we need
▪ about 10.000 tons of wood chips per year and MWel
▪ 5 MWel = 15 MWth = 25 MW furnace thermal capacity
▪ 5 MWel means 50.000 tons of biomass fuels
▪ 10 trucks per day for fuel supply 10.000 hectares of
forest area using forest residues for energy production
* Example – 5 MW el.
CHP with Biomass in
the City of Pfaffenhofen
Seite 37
Implemented by
Jahresdauerlinie ab Heizhaus (HH)
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
1 8760Stunden [h]
Erf
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e u
nd
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rha
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e W
ärm
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istu
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ab
He
izh
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s (
HH
)
[kW
]
Ölkessel 1200 kw GasÖl-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 1200 kW_th von verfügbaren 1200 kW_th; Energieanteil:16,2% von geliefert
Strohkessel 800 kW Feststoff-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 800 kW_th; Energieanteil: 83,8% von geliefert
Erforderliche Leistung 2000 kW thermisch
Definierte Leistung 2000 kW thermisch
2 Wood Chip boilers with 1,400 kW and 700 kW
thermal output; groundload up to 200 kW from
biogas CHP; monovalent cascade system
Max. heat load at 2.300 kW; in winter time 2 boilers
are running; in summer time only heat from biogas
No heatoil / natural gas !!
Heat from
bioenergy = 100%
Biogas Biogas Biogas Biogas Biogas Biogas Bio
CHPBiogas Plant
* Best Practice Example – 2,1 MWth. Biomass Heat Plant
in Combination with Biogas CHP in Triesdorf
H
E
A
T
L
O
A
D
in
K
W
Seite 38
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BEST PRACTICE: AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY
TRIESDORF
Bioenergy project „LLA Triesdorf“ about 50 km in the west of Nuremberg,
Bavaria a combination of▪ Biomass heat plant with 2 wood chip boilers 1,4 MW and 0,7 MW
▪ Biogas plant with 250 kW electrical output and 200 kW thermal output from cogeneration
unit
▪ 40 buildings (diary, university, offices, restaurant, stables, operating rooms etc.) are 100 %
supplied by heat from biomass all over the year. No fossil fuels.
▪ Groundload up to 200 kW th. from Biogas cogeneration unit (CHP) for 8,000 hours per year.
▪ Middle load supplied by one of the wood chip boilers depending on season (spring /
autumn)
▪ In the high winter season both wood chip boilers are running.
▪ Biogas Plant is fed by maize and grass silage and slurry from the own agricultural holding.
Seite 39
Implemented by
For the region
• Use of resources from the region – decentral concepts
– short distances
• Lower quality wood like forest residues can be used
• Higher benefits in the region
BENEFITS of BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING: For the client
• High comfort – no personal work for heating – less
space in house needed, competitive prices for heat
For the environment
• Less green house gas emissions (CO2)
• Opportunity for installation of CHP
Thank you
for jour
attention.
Do you have
questions ?
Seite 40
Implemented by
More Informations
www.carmen-ev.de
C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V., Schulgasse 18, 94315 Straubing
Tel.: 0049-9421 960-300, Fax: 09421 960-333
[email protected], www.carmen-ev.de
Christian Letalik: [email protected]
*49(0)9421/960-346 Mobil: *49(0)160/8575069
Seite 41
Implemented by
Max. heat load 800 kW; heat demand
1,700 MWh/a; 2,125 full load hours
❖ 180 rooms and apartments
❖ Outdoor pool, indoor pool
❖ Wellness, beauty, sauna,
whirlpool, steam bath, fitness
center etc.
❖ Different restaurants, bars
❖ Full summer/winter season
❖ Heat demand 1,700 MWh/a
❖ For heating and hot water
❖ Full Service Heat Contracting
Hotel Facility – Real Case Best Practise Example with Biomass
Seite 42
Implemented by
Calculation of Biomass Heatplant - Hotel Complex 800 kW heat load
Heat Demand 1.700 MWh/a 210,000 liters of heat oil
Heat losses in pipeline 2,5 %
Heat Production 1.745 MWh/a
Pellet boiler Heat oil boiler
Share of heat production 85 % 15 %
Heat production 1.483 MWh/a 262 MWh/a
Thermal output 0,54 MW 0,80 MW
Fuel Wood pellets Heat oil
Caloric value of fuel 4,9 kWh/kg 10 kWh / liter
Thermal efficiency full load 90 % 90 %
Thermal efficiency 365 days 85 % 85 %
Full load hours 3.231 h/a 385 h/a
Fuel demand 360 t/a pellets 30.788 liters / a
Electricity consumption 1,5 % of heat demand 0 %
Electricity consumption in MWh 26 MWh/a 0 MWh/a
Price for electricity 180 €/MWh 180 €/MWh
Jahresdauerlinie ab Heizhaus (HH)
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
1 8760Stunden [h]
Erf
ord
erl
ich
e u
nd
vo
rha
nd
en
e W
ärm
ele
istu
ng
ab
He
izh
au
s (
HH
)
[kW
]
Ölkessel 1200 kw GasÖl-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 1200 kW_th von verfügbaren 1200 kW_th; Energieanteil:16,2% von geliefert
Strohkessel 800 kW Feststoff-Kessel Kessel [kW_th] Leistung: 800 kW_th; Energieanteil: 83,8% von geliefert
Erforderliche Leistung 2000 kW thermisch
Definierte Leistung 2000 kW thermisch
Wood pellets 85% Heat Oil
Heat Oil
Biomass Heatplant Calculation – Real Case HOTEL
Seite 43
Implemented by
Biomass Heat Plant - supplying a hotel complex
with 180 units Invest in T€ netto
Name of component specification SUM in € % of invest
Biomass components (boiler, buffer tank, conveyer …) 540 kW Pellets 145 31
Peakload components (2 boilers, existing) 800 kW heatoil 20 4
Hydraulic systems 20 4
Building (heating house, bunker etc) separate building 160 34
Heat pipeline 170 meters 105 22
House connection/heat exchanger (incl. in pipeline) 0 0
Planning costs 25 5
Other costs 0 0
Total investment 475 100
Subsidies 100 21
Total investment minus subsidies 375 79
Biomass Heatplant Calculation – Real Case HOTEL
Seite 44
Implemented by
5,600 € less capital
costs because of 21%
subsidies means
3,30 € less per MWh =
0,33 ct / kWh less
for total heat demand
= 1.700 MWh per year
Capital costs
Invest Operating Rate of Annuity Capital Reserves Reserves Investment
netto life interest costs for for repairs costs
€ a % % €/a repairs €/a €/a
%
Biom 145.000 15 2,5 8,07 11.704 2 2.900 14.604
Peak 20.000 15 2,5 8,08 1.615 2 400 2.015
Hydr. 20.000 15 2,5 8,08 1.615 2 400 2.015
Build 160.000 40 2,5 3,98 6.374 1 1.600 7.974
Grid 105.000 40 2,5 3,98 4.183 1 1.008 5.191
Grid 0 40 2,5 3,98 0 1 0 0
Plan 25.000 30 2,5 4,81 1.202 0 0 1.202
other 0 30 2,5 4,81 0 0 0 0
∑ 475.000 26.693 6.308 33.001
Subs 100.000
∑ 375.000 21.087 6.308 27.395
Biomass Heatplant Calculation – Real Case HOTEL
Seite 45
Implemented by
Wood
pellets:
220 €/ton =
4,5ct/kWh
caloric value
Wood chips:
80 €/ton =
2,5ct/kWh
caloric value
Calculation of Biomass Heatplant - Hotel Complex 800 kW heat load
Price for pellets / heat oil 220 €/t 0,7 €/liter
Fuel costs pellets / heat oil 79.188 €/a 21.550 €/a
Costs for electricity 4.590 €/a
Sum of fuel costs 79.190 €/a 21.550 €/a
Sum of costs for fuel and electricity 105.330 €/a
Manpower requirement 357 h/a 0 h/a
Wages per hour 14 €/h 14 €/a
Manpower costs/year 5.000 €/a 0 €/a
Insurance 0,3% of total invest
~ Operating life 30 a
Rate of interest 2,50 %
Length of pipeline 170 m
Heat losses per year 45 MWh
Heat losses / m pipeline 30 W/m
Heat losses in pipeline 2,5 %
Max. heat load kWth. 800 simultaneity factor 0,9 (890 kW*0,9)
Installed heat capacity 1.340 kW
Biomass Heatplant Calculation – Real Case HOTEL
Seite 46
Implemented by
Total costs calculation - Hotel Complex 800 kW – Pellet boiler
Using wood chips
(530 t/a) instead of
woodpellets (360 t/a)
= 45,000 €/a
instead of 79,000 €/a
costs for solid fuels
77,40 €/MWh
1,5ct/kWh less
Total Costs Calculation
Pellet boiler (ground load) Peak load (oil/gas)
Fuel costs 79.190 €/a 21.550 €/a
Electricity 4.590 €/a 0 €/a
Disposal of ash 1.270 €/a 0 €/a
Sum 85.050 €/a 21.550 €/a
Sum of consumption costs 106.600 €/a 68%
Management costs 5.000 €/a Administration
Preventive maintenance 5.000 €/a Service
Maintenance costs 5.000 €/a Cleaning
Insurance/regulations 2.500 €/a Metering
Sum of operating costs 17.500 €/a 11%
Sum of investment costs 33.001 €/a 21%
Total costs per year 157.101 €/a
Total costs per MWh 92,41 €/a 1,7 GWh/a
Total costs calculation - Hotel Complex 800 kW – wood pellet boiler
Seite 47
Implemented by
Total costs calculation - Hotel Complex 800 kW – wood chip boiler
Using wood chips
(530 t/a) instead of
woodpellets (360 t/a)
= 45,000 €/a
instead of 79,000 €/a
costs for solid fuels
77,40 €/MWh
1,5ct/kWh less
Total Costs Calculation
Pellet boiler (ground load) Peak load (oil/gas)
Fuel costs 45.150 €/a 21.550 €/a
Electricity 4.590 €/a 0 €/a
Disposal of ash 3.000 €/a 0 €/a
Sum 52.740 €/a 21.550 €/a
Sum of consumption costs 74.290 €/a 56%
Management costs 5.000 €/a Administration
Preventive maintenance 5.000 €/a Service
Maintenance costs 9.800 €/a Cleaning
Insurance/regulations 2.500 €/a Metering
Sum of operating costs 22.300 €/a 17%
Sum of investment costs 35.034 €/a 27%
Total costs per year 131.624 €/a
Total costs per MWh 77,43 €/a 1,7 GWh/a
wood chip boiler
Seite 48
Implemented by
80 kW
88 MWh/a
20 kW
32 MWh/a
25 kW
40 MWh/a
15 kW
24 MWh/a150 kW
195 MWh/a
70 kW
100 MWh/a
250 kW
485 MWh/a
30 kW
36 MWh/a
30 m
70 m
30 m
20 m
20 m
50 m
30 m
30 m
90 m100 m
10 m
20 m
Analysis of
heat sinks
here 650 kW
incl. 10 kW
(90 MWh)
Heat losses
=1.090 MWh
of heat
demand per
year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Heizenergie
Warmwasser
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Heizenergie
Warmwasser
Heat grid 500 m
School
Different heat sinks
with different annual
curves and peak load
Hospitals do need heat (cooling) and hot
water all year round same conditions in
tourism (hotels, spa…) and e.g. in food
industry (processing heat)