quadrennial periodic report by ethiopia · the country has revised and ratified the new cultural...

ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGE

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QUADRENNIAL PERIODIC REPORT by Ethiopia

2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ethiopia, with its diversity of culture and fast economic growth, is one of the strongly driven countries in

Africa. In the past ten years, Ethiopia’s GDP’s growth rate has been an average of 10%. The country’s renais-

sance was propelled when it introduced the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) in 2010. The objective of this

plan is to jump-start the pace of the dynamism of the country. Through the first GTP, which lasts for 5 years, signif-

icant results are achieved in developing infrastructures in all aspects. To mention few, road construction and tele-

communication are some of the highest achievements of the GTP.

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s constitution article 41(9) and article 91(3) precisely show the

government duties and responsibilities to protect, preserve and support the cultural heritages and arts. The

constitution highlights the importance of the diversity of cultural expressions in Ethiopia since 1994. Cognizant of

the fact that all policies, measures and international agreements ratified by Ethiopia are proven to agree with the

constitutional pillars, the upper mentioned and other various articles pledged in favor of the cultural expressions

have gotten ample opportunities and conducive platform both to be underpinned by policies and dignified.

As the second GTP starts, Ethiopia, is now investing in the development of its lively cultural sector.

Ethiopia has now incorporated culture as a strategic element for the second GTP and for the first time dedicated

an entire chapter for the cultural sector, setting up benchmarked goals for the implementation. This move reaffirms

Ethiopia’s dedication and the importance of the link between culture and development. (see 4.1)

The country has revised and ratified the new cultural policy, developed in consultation with stakeholders. It

underlines the values of the 2005 Convention, supporting the diversity of cultural expressions at the creation,

production, enjoyment and dissemination level. The missed link between culture and development in the previous

policy has come up vibrant in the revised one. “Development of Cultural Industries” has been genuinely addressed,

taking into account its economic and social impact. To this effect, issues like, institutional and legal framework,

programs for the development, distribution of cultural products, professional capacity development, investment

incentives, awards, and credit facilities have been well addressed for the industries enhancement. (see 1.1)

A clear understanding of the need for decentralized cultural policies, activities and institutional structures

that take into account the cultural diversity of the country and the needs of the regions. Each region has its own

Culture and Tourism bureau, many festivals are decentralized and organized in regions by both federal and local

governments, and artists can access rehearsal spaces in youth centers and other district level infrastructures like

Woreda and Kebele. As a progressive measure, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has started the preparations

of the film and a music policy, in collaboration with the civil society. A cultural statistics system is also being set up

(see 1.2).

International cooperation:

The international cultural cooperation, which is part of the country’s foreign policy, has gained also

momentum when various exchange programs both in and across region were deployed. Since the 2005

Convention was signed in 2008, more than 17 bi-lateral cultural cooperation agreements have been signed.

Moreover, Ethiopian government included cultural participation in its diaspora policy.


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In the same token, regional states and federal institutions like Ethiopian National Theatre perform shows

and participate in festivals in different countries every year. Especially Egypt, Sudan and Kenya can be listed in

this regard. For sharing experience, substantial number of expertise from both regional and federal cultural

institutions have visited China almost every year over the last couple of years. Moreover, Turkey, South Korea,

and Saudi Arabia hosted various experts and higher officials to mention some regarding to the international

cooperation efforts.

In sum, to provide a full image of the report, a wide range of parties from public, private and civil societies

have been involved. By so doing, various transversal issues like the provision of technical, vocational and

educational training (TVET), which gives access for youths and females to participate in various cultural fields

could be captured and integrated into the report. Greater uptake of the needs of certain groups in the population

such as, youth, women and people with disabilities as regards cultural participation. Women and youth

empowerment, participation and equity are also identified as the priorities of GTP II.

Ethiopia is still at a preliminary stage in implementing the 2005 UNESCO Convention. However, a number

of achievements and challenges directly relate to the goals and issues are addressed in the Convention. In the

context of an international economic crisis, and located in the politically unstable Horn of Africa, Ethiopia faces

challenges. Budgetary constraints, limited implementation of cultural policy planning and the Lack of information

about the sector’s needs and achievements due the deficit of coordinated efforts are obstacle to the full

implementation of the 2005 Convention. Furthermore, general audience and local developmental partners still

have a weak understanding of the strong impact that culture has on development.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION Name of Party (country) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Date of ratification 02 September 2008

Organization(s) or entity(ies) responsible for the preparation of the report: The Ministry of Culture and

Tourism

Officially designed Point of Contact

Title (Mr,)

First Name: Yisma Tsige

Family Name: Yeshanew

Organization Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Mailing Address: 1907 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Telephone: +251912020920

Fax: 2515538680

Email: [email protected]


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Name of stakeholders, including civil society organizations, involved in the preparation of the report

Name Yisma Tsige

Position Senior Expert, Cultural Industry Development

Organization Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Name Tesfaye Yimer

Position Cultural Development Senior Expert


Name Dagnachew Getnet

Position Statistics Directorate Director


Name Rahel Teshome

Position Theater expert, actress and stage director

Organization National Theatre of Ethiopia

Name Samson Abebe

Position Legal Expert

Organization Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Name Wasihun Bimirew

Position Educational awareness and Advocacy Expert

Organization Minisry Of labour And Social Affairs

Name Tamirat Dejene

Position Director

Organization Government communication Affairs Office

Name Lomi Mosisa

Position Statistician

Organization Central Statistical Agency

Name Dr Getaneh Mehari

Position Chairperson

Organization Addis Ababa Universit Departement

of Social Anthropology

Name Tewodros Kassaye

Position Journalist/Editor

Organization Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

Name Ermias Gebregziabher

Position Media Relations Senior Expert

Organization Ministry Of Trade

Name Belay Mengesha

Position Research Student

Organization AAU School of Journalism

Name Daniel Tsehay

Position Vice- President

Organization Ethiopian Tourism Media Forum


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Name Dawit Yifru

Position President

Organization Ethiopian Musician Association

Name Genet Tadesse

Posotion

Organization Ministry of Education

Name Agegnehu Adane

Position

Organization Ethiopian Writers Association

Name Tewodros Kebkab

Position Board member

Organization Ethiopian Filmakers Association

Name Seminas Hadera

Position Owner and delegated by the forming

Design Association

Organization Systron Advertising

Name Elias Fikru

Position

Organization National Committee on copyright

Name Helen Asfaw

Position Country director

Organization Selam ethiopia

Describe the multi-stakeholder consultation process established for the preparation of this report For this first periodic report, Ethiopia benefited from a UNESCO capacity building program financed by SIDA.

A Multi-stakeholder Consultation Workshop was held on 9 November 2015, in order to present the 2005

Convention and to consider the status of implementation of the Convention in Ethiopia. Following this consultation,

a national team, composed of 17 members from various government institutions and civil society organisations,

was established to receive capacity building on Quadrennial Periodic Reporting from UNESCO on the Convention

and to prepare the Periodic Report for Ethiopia. A needs assessment was conducted through a collection of data

by questionnaire distributed to the national team. Two preparatory meetings were held to familiarise the team with

the 2005 Convention, Ethiopia's cultural policy and the projects and programmes relevant to the 2005 Convention.

A three-day capacity building training workshop was conducted by UNESCO's international experts Avril Joffe

(Head, Centre for Cultural Policy and Management, Wits School of Arts, South Africa), and Andreas Wiesand,

(Executive Director of the European Institute for Comparative Cultural Research, Germany), from 1 to 3 December

2015. The 17 members of the national team were trained in understanding precisely the Convention and identifying

contents relevant for the reports. At the end of the training, a drafting committee composed of four members from

the national team (including the civil society) was assigned.

National team members undertook data collection and the drafting committee prepared drafts of the first report and


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shared these with the UNESCO experts.

A two-day writing workshop for the full national team was organised on 25 and 26 May 2016 to finalise the drafting

process, specifically to assess collected data and identify additional information to deepen the report. For a month,

the team backstopped by UNESCO and the experts, collected missing data, amended and edited the final report in

small groups.

The report was submitted to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism: November, 2016

Producing Ethiopia's first periodic report on the 2005 Convention is not only an achievement but also the result of

a fruitful process on which Ethiopia will capitalize to produce a report every four years. The process was also an

opportunity to identify gaps in data accessibility, allowing the team to consider solutions for the next report.

During the above-mentioned processes, a continuous support was given to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism by

UNESCO Addis Ababa Liaison Office and the UNESCO Paris Head-office.

OVERVIEW OF CULTURAL POLICY CONTEXT The cultural Policy of Ethiopia was revised and ratified only late 2015; it is therefore not realistic to evaluate the

achievements and shortcomings of the implementation exhibited over the last few months. However, viewing the

content of the policy, and the objective and priorities it sets to create, such as an enabling environment for the

creation, production, distribution and provide access to the public to diverse cultural expression, could help to

understand how it envisions the sector.

The basic principles of the policy which are accepting and respecting diversity, ensuring culture-based social and

economic development, popular participation and public benefit, building a Pan-African identity and interconnection

and building international solidarity and cooperation have all to do with the creation, production, distribution and

enjoyment of the cultural expressions which are also the main pillars of the 2005 Convention on the Protection and

Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression.

The policy document ensures the creators, producers, distributers and bearer of the diverse Ethiopian cultures to

create a legal enabling environment and pledges, among others, the development of heritage resources, cultural

industries, cultural identity and diversity through enhancement of cultural institutions, education, cultural database

infrastructure, cultural research and international cooperation. While the policy covers the national scope, it also

allows regional states to adapt it as per their inbound priorities.

In achieving the great ultimatum of the policy, the document sets strategies to access investment incentives, credit

facilities and trainings for creators, producers and distributers. It also witnesses the commitment of the government

to implement a motivating award system and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to increase competitiveness.

Within the policy, culture is viewed as a pillar of sustainable development and poverty reduction effort in the nation.

The policy document clearly identifies the role of the government, non-governmental institutions, civil society and

the private sector in achieving the objectives of the policy. Moreover, the policy document identifies the sources of

finance such as government budgetary allocation, loans and donation, establishment of a trust fund and crowd

sourcing.

Has the Convention been integrated into the policy development process in any of the following ways?


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It is (or has been) the basis for changing one or more policies?

No.

It is (or has been) a tool to promote policy discussion? How?

Yes.

The Convention has been a tool to promote policy discussion in particular through the National Consultation Day

held in preparation of the reporting process and a three days workshop held with federal and regional states

officials. In addition, the Convention has been integrated into the policy development process as outlined in the

section above.

It is (or has been) a reference for ongoing policy development?

Yes. The new cultural policy has been influenced by the 2005 Convention. The film and music policy currently in

the drafting phase are also using the Convention as a reference.


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1.1 CULTURAL POLICIES AND MEASURES a. Name of the Measure

National Cultural Policy of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia

b. Key Objectives of the Measure

The main objectives of the policy is to enable the cultural assets and heritage of Ethiopia’s nation, nationalities and

peoples to play a key role in creating one economic and social polity through their preservation, development and

use as inputs in all development sectors. The policy document firmly pledges to protect and promote culture and

heritage, to improve infrastructural development of cultural institutions, to ensure human resource development,

and ease financial and regulatory shortcomings (this policy was ratified at the end of 2015).

c. What is:

c.1. The scope of the measure

The national cultural policy covers all regional and local levels of government. It emphasises international

cooperation and cultural diplomacy issues both at continental and international level. Symmetrically, it advocates

for the enhancement of a Pan-Africanism sprit in the cultural milieu. In this regard an important point worth

mentioning is that the national policy has not forbidden regional states to customise some aspects of the policy to

address their unique nature of the sector. The nature of intervention comprises all the legislative, regulatory,

financial and institutional ones. The policy document pledges to refine some legal constraints which hold the

development of the sector back, ensure regulatory frameworks to implement the policy, identifies financial sources

to fulfil the promises and addresses institutional configuration and interventions to prove conducive environment

and strengthen the infant sector.

c.2. The nature of the measure

Regulatory.

c.3. The main feature of the measure

The main objectives of the policy are to protect and promote culture and heritage, to improve infrastructural

development of cultural institutions, to ensure human resource development, and ease financial and regulatory

shortcomings..

d. Does it specifically target individuals and/or social groups as defined in Article 7 of the

Convention?

Yes.

List targeted individual/social groups (at least one):

Minority groups, persons with disabilities, women and young people

e. What are the results expected through the implementation of the measure?

Along with the endeavor for the promotion and protection of cultural expressions, heritages and values, the


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expected results of the Policy to the gorwth of cultural economy are :

With respect to Profession/occupation: increased number and variety of occupations.

With respect to Professionalism: developed professional and creative skills of current and future professionals.

And with respect ot Institutions: improved quality and increased number of institutions .

In all so doing, the results expected are highly interconnected with and interweaved into the poverty eradication

and human development programs.

f.1 Name of agency responsible for the implementation of the measure *

Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Regional Culture & Tourism Bureaus, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Foreign

Affairs, Ministry of Labor & Social Affairs, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Women and Children, Ministry of Youth and

Sport, Civil Society engaged in culture related activities and the Private Sector.

f.2 Financial resources allocated to implement the measure

The policy was ratified on December 2015, therefore, it is not realistic to state the financial resources allocated to

its implementation by the various cultural agencies.

g. Name of NGOs and/or private companies engaged in the implementation of the measure

The Policy was not implemented during the periods the report covers however, professional associations and

private sectors were involved in the development of the policy. For example, the Ethiopian Film Makers Association,

the Ethiopian Musician Association, the Ethiopian Theater Association, the Ethiopian Writers Association, the

Ethiopian Producers Association, the Ethiopian Visual Arts Association, the Ethiopian Audiovisual Association and

training institutions were involved.

h. Was this measure introduced or revised in order to:

h.1. Implement the provisions of the Convention?

YES

The very inception of the policy revision emanates from the need to adapt and respond to the changing world. In

this case, the Convention and various other legal and institutional frameworks were viewed and meaningfully used

to enhance the sector.

h.2. Support/nurture policy discussion inspired by the Convention?

Yes

h.3. Other reasons unrelated to the Convention?

The need to adapt and respond to the changing world that Ethiopia finds itself in: The increasing economic growth

and trade in Ethiopia associated with a rapid growth of internet and telecommunications created a need to adapt

and respond to those changes by recognising of the resource and asset which cultural diversity gives to Ethiopia.


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The need to address the economic aspect of culture, the missed link, in the new cultural policy.

The need to integrate the values and contents of international Cultural Conventions Ethiopia has ratified in the new

cultural policy.

i. Has the implementation of the measure been evaluated?

The ratification of the new policy took place very recently; and thus, it is not possible to state the impact(s) that it

has brought so far.


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Creation/Production/training/enjoyment: The Ethiopian National Theatre


To support performing arts creation, production, enjoyment, training and research at a national and international

level.

c. What is:


National and international level .


Institutional


- Creating a pool of high quality artists, employed full time by the government. Overall 274 full-time civil servants

are working at the National Theatre including 35 actors (12 women, only one woman is directing plays), 72

musicians (9 women), 24 traditional dance performers (12 women) and 6 contemporary dancers (3 women). The

proportion of women artists in the National Theatre is still influenced by the performing art tradition, even for

modern production. However, this is slowly evolving, and the Theatre is putting a lot of effort in its new women's

empowerment program (see the example of good practice 5.2.2).

- Proposing to the audience a vast choice of performances. Indeed, each day of the week has its program on a

yearly basis, including modern and traditional drama, modern and traditional music, contemporary dance

performances and even musical drama. On top of the yearly program, special shows for targeted audience are

also scheduled, in collaboration with the Theatre Department of Addis Ababa University, diplomatic representation

in Addis Ababa and the private sector.

- Supporting the writing of new plays by selecting newly written plays and developing scripts internally; foreign

plays are also translated into Amharic.

- Being affordable: With 1500 seats, the Theatre offers a large choice of tickets and pricing starting from, 1.8 USD,

which is affordable by most citizens. Moreover, students from universities, girls' schools and members of

professional artists associations can attend for free when providing a letter from their organisation. Students from

the Theatre Department of Addis Ababa University can attend rehearsals and shows for free.

- Increasing knowledge of Ethiopia's cultural sector. The research department of the National Theatre increase

knowledge in the traditional and modern expressions of Ethiopia's ethno-linguistic groups cultures as well as

audience behaviour. The research results are disseminated on conferences, workshops and publications.

- Training : The National Theatre professional training provided a certified training for 80 people for 3 months in

Addis Ababa. The target groups were professionals who had no chance to obtain formal training in universities and

were selected by their respective region to participate the training. Youth (18-25 years old), women and particularly


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disable women are the specific target. The program aim to enhanced professional capacity in the regions in

directing, scriptwriting, dancing and acting and to provide opportunities to act, direct and write for the National

Theatre. Moreover, in 2015 nine trainees have provided similar trainings in the regions.

- Decentralising, by co-producing shows and festival in the 9 regions, and by sending artists and researchers for

performances, training and dissemination of research results. The national theater also provides various forms of

in kind support. See the example of Wollo Festival (1.5) and Bahir Dar Festival (1.6).

- Promoting Ethiopia's culture by touring in Ethiopia and participating to international Festivals (music and musical

drama).


Convention?

Yes.

The National Theater targets the general audience but has a pricing policy in favor of the youth and developed a

programme for women empowerment (see the gender section of the report).


Proving secure employment for artists and support staff (274 full time staff).

Supporting artistic creation in the field of theatre, music and dance.

Maintaining access to local and international performing arts for Ethiopian people.

f.1 Name of agency responsible for the implementation of the measure

The National Theatre, under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.


The Federal funding is increasing yearly. In 2016, of 1,049,350 USD is allocated to cover basic functioning costs.

Some projects require extra funding such as Festival out of Addis (a couple of example are detailed later in the

report) or particular program (the example of the women empowerment program is detailed in the gender section

of the report). Private sector sponsors and entrance fees, as well as occasional rental of the venue, supplement

the budget.


Some private theatre companies are renting the venue to perform their work. For example, Letarik promotion and

Rita Wegayehu theater enterprise and JID theater enterprise can be mentioned.



No.



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No.


Yes. This historical institution regularly adapts its policy to the need of the country.


Yes.

i.1 At what level the evaluation was conducted?

A report is submitted to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism quarterly . The Ministry synthesise these and includes

them into the annual ministerial report.

In house, the research centre yearly assesses audience participation.

i.2 What were the main conclusions?

For the last 4 years, the National Theatre has seen a decrease in its audience. There are two reasons for that

decrease: the growing interest in football at the stadium and the development of Dstv (Satellite TV) to watch

international games. While modern media are developing, the Theatre has to be more and more competitive, but

the budget of the institution remains limited (despite of a the yearly increase) and does not cover all production

costs. Tickets sales are a critical input and productions have to be limited in their ambitions to stay within budget.

i.3 Which indicators were used to determine impact?

Quantitative: Income, number of tickets sold, number of free tickets provided.

Qualitative: Through survays (interviews, open notebooks to enable audiences write their feeings to improve the

service delivery…) the Theatre often measures audience satisfaction.


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The development of Cultural Centers


Studying, enriching, promoting and developing cultural values and features of nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia for social, economic and political development.

c. What is:


National.


Institutional


In Ethiopia there are 9 regional states and two city administrations. Under each regional state there are a lot of diversity of cultural expressions. To manage each varieties of culture and art of nations, nationalities and peoples, different organizations are established in their respective regions and in the capital city. For example, Oromo cul-tural center, Amhara cultural centers, Gurage cultural centers can be mensioned to this regard.

The national institution, called the Ethiopian national cultural center, is a government body organizing different national and regional art and cultural festivals. The center is mandated to conserve and develop cultural values through researches, technology application, training, litrary and artistic criticisms, memorial forums and organizing events like culture week. On the bases of this mandates, the center is trying to create a platform for regional and national cultural journalists and artists. It helps as a platform for professionals and society and to mainstream culture as a vector for development.

The centers in collaboration with other public sectors of the country is promoting, conserving and developing cul-ture and art. One of the achievement of the Ethiopian national cultural center, is the support it provides for emerg-ing regions.. These perepheral regions are relatively not well developed like other regions by infrastructure, facility and human resources. Therefore, the center is supporting each emerging regions (Afar, Somali , Gambela and Benshangul-Gumuz) in various possible ways, for example, providing technical support for the cultural centers in the regions .

The culture week organized in each regional state is a hub for other regional states and city administrations to participate and promote, conserve and develop culture and artistic products, service and activities. In each Plat-form the center invites not less than 20 participants in average from each reagion. All the participants is showcas-ing their cultural performances, cultural goods and service for all visitors. The journalists are also broadcasting the activities of the culture week for all television and radio audiences. The participant from federal institution and regional culture bureaus are participating in symposium, performances and exhibitions. The host region is also expecting to develop the ability of organizing festivals and events. They are also involved in working together with the cultural center and invite mass participants from the region. This helps them to increase their cultural participa-tion and assist regional artists promotion.

d. Does it specifically target individuals and/or social groups as defined in Article 7 of the Convention?

Yes


Well documented cultural values and expressions of nations and nationalities.


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Level of awareness and understanding on each others cultural values and features among

nations and nationalities of the country will be increased.

Mutual respect and understaning among nations, nationalities and peoples on the basis of

equality will be enhanced.

Building of a generation that knows, preserves and participates in its culture.


The Ethiopian National Cultural Center and regional cultural centers


financed by the government (NC)


Small and Micro level/scale enterprises



No.


No.


Yes.

The need to promote and preserve the culture of nations, nationalities and peoples on the basis of mutual respect

and to stimulate their creativity,


Yes.


With regard to the Ethiopian national cultutal center, a report is submitted to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

The Ministry synthesise these and includes them into the annual ministerial report. Regarding to the regional

cultural centers reports are submitted to the respective regional cultural bureaus.


The organization of multiple culture week festivals through out the country was evaluated to be well done. They

need to work more on promotion and research; limited infrastructure and trained human resource was also

observed.


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Number of festivals and audience attended.

Number of exbitions and audience attended.

Number of studies and documentations.


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1.4 CULTURAL POLICIES AND MEASURES Name of the Measure

Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Day


The day on which the rights and equality of the Ethiopian nations, nationalities and peoples were fully guaranteed

under Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution was 8 December 1994. A decade ago, the House of

federation decided to celebrate every 8 December the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Day to promote their

cultures, lifestyles and other values, and to strengthen their ties. The day was designed to contribute to the effort of

creating one political and economic community in the country, and to celebrate it across the country. It has become

an engine to boost tourism and investment in the host regions. The Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Day affirms

the necessity of respect for the fundamental rights of individuals and of the nations and nationalities of the country

as well as the development of the country’s various cultures and religions. In fact, this day provides a vital and

important demonstration of the strong commitment and respect of the Federal Government and of its peoples for

all the nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia, and of their individual cultures, territories and modes of life. It

also underlines the fact that Ethiopia has been and still is the common home for all. The Constitution of the Federal

Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ensures the human and democratic rights of all the nations, nationalities and

peoples of Ethiopia without exception and it has granted equality and mutual cooperation to them all.

c. What is:


National


Festival


The festival is hosted each year in a different regional state or autonomous city-administrations. In 2012, Bahir

Dar (Amhara Region), in 2013, Jigjiga (Somali Regional State), in 2014, Asosa (Benishangul-Gumuz Regional

State), and in 2015, Gambela ( Gambela Regional State) hosted the festival. The 11th Nations, Nationalities and

Peoples’ Day will be hosted in 2016 in Harar by the Harari Regional State. Each ethnical group is invited to share

their culture and creativity, particularly through live performances.

This event is an illustration of the link between the 2003 and the 2005 Convention where intangible heritage is an

inspiration for modern and creative performances promoting the diversity of cultural expression. Every year,

thousands of people representing all the nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia are participating, as well as

senior officials. In 2015, the ceremonies were attended by Prime Minister Hailemariam Dessalegn; First Lady

Roman Tesfaye; Deputy Prime Minister, Demeke Mekonen and other high-ranking government officials, and

members of the diplomatic corps. The celebration was also honoured by the presence of the President of Sudan,

Omar al-Bashir, the Guest of Honour.


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Convention?

Yes


Creating a country in which its people could live peacefully and in harmony, thereby enabling the nation to realize

its vision of creating one economic and political community.


House of Federation and the 11 Culture and Tourism regional bureaus.

f.2 Financial resources allocated to implement the measure *

The house of Federation, each Culture and Tourism Regional Bureau and other participating agencies participate

financially and in kind.


n.c.



No.


No.


Yes.

It is a direct expression of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia’s constitution and cultural policy.


Yes.


National


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Consumption/ Enjoyment/ Dissemination: Inter-regional Theater festivals


Aiming to decentralize the consumption and enjoyment of cultural goods and services in Ethiopia, festivals are

supported in the 9 regions and in the 2 city administrations. They are mostly annual inter-regional and inter-agency

festivals, with a partnership between representatives of the local government (local Culture and Tourism Bureaus

or/and local Universities), and a representative of the Federal Government (the National Theatre or the Ethiopian

Cultural Centre), with sometimes a public-private partnership. Those numerous programmes often mix activities

falling under the 2003 Convention on intangible heritage and the 2005 Convention on the diversity of cultural

expressions. The two main objectives are to promote and stimulate development of Ethiopian diversity of cultures

and to deepen cultural partnerships among regional states. Furthermore, it aims to disseminate knowledge and

enhance professional creative skills all over the country.

c. What is:


National


Festival (institutional)


Many events are organized early, some are at a fixed venue inviting other regions, others have turning hosts.

The Theater Festival (turning locations) and the 1st Bahir Dar Theatre Festival has been selected for this report

because it focuses on activities covered under the 2005 Convention and provided readily available information.

The Theater Festival provides performances for the local population. It also facilitates professional exchanges

between the local universities’ theatre students and the National Theatre and disseminates research on local

cultural goods and practices (including theoretical training). Workshops on theatre production for students, amateur

theatre clubs and non-university trained actors is also conducted. The festival was held in Wollo in 2015. In Wollo,

during 10 days, 14 contemporary plays in various styles: classical, historical, traditional and modern were

performed by more than 120 artists and support staff. An acting competition was also held. Overall, the festival

resulted in a collaboration between 1500 university students and the 71 National Theatre professionals. In 2016 it

will be held in Mekele.

The 1st Bahir Dar festival is a public-private partnership aiming to promote performing arts among the local

community and to enhance the capacity for theatre clubs at local and district administrative levels. This includes

the potential creation of a pool of in-house professionals for Bahir Dar theatre Hall, the Mulualem Cultural Centre

(Cultural and Tourism Regional Bureau). This first edition brought two different regions together with three

universities and Addis Ababa Theatre Hall, but the goal is to develop this festival a bit more each year, bringing

together more regions every time. Trainings focused on the exchange of experiences and interaction between well-

established actors, directors with local amateur and professional theatre practitioners. Workshops in acting and


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production related problem-solving were conducted alongside presentations by Addis Ababa University lecturers.


Convention?

Yes.

List targeted individual/social groups:

Item 1: Youth, namely University Students


An Increased accessibility to theatrical experiences all over the country.

The development of theater in various styles in regional states.

Improved skills and networks for local theater artists, to support their career as full time theatre practitioners.


Regional Culture and Tourism bureaus, Universities, National Theater, Ethiopian Cultural Center


For example, in Wollo this year, the National Theatre contributed 9,125 UDS, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism

13,688 USD and Wollo University 73,000 USD to produce the festival, with corporate sponsors providing the extra

funds and in-kind support.


Wollo: BGI – beer and wine producer company- was the major sponsor.

Bahir Dar: Woyeni Theatre Enterprise from Addis Ababa, Private Company who initiated and co-produced the

festival



No


No


Yes. This historical institution regularly adapts its policy to the need of the country.


Yes, each festival is evaluated separately.


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National and Regional


In Wollo: The quality of the performances was good. However, weak coordination of logistics, insufficiency of

budget and lack of understanding of cultural management requirement on the consponsor side has slightly lowered

the level of achivment. Regardless of the shortcomings encountered during the event, the audiences were

numerous and satisfied.

In Bahir Dar: The festival was a success and the report was delivered to the regional cultural bureau.


In Wollo: Interviews with participants were conducted, a report was produced by the Wollo University and the

National Theatre and feedbacks about the performances were received from audiences and given back to the

University. The Media coverage included EBC, EBS, Amharic region radio and TV, Addis Zemen Press.

In Bahir Dar: Trainers provided feedback, Audience gave oral feedback. The media response was good, e.g. EBS,

regional FM radio and TV stations and the Shegar Radio covered the event.


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2.1 INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION

a. Name of the Measure

Bi-lateral cultural cooperation treaties.


Ethiopia has signed bilateral treaties on cultural cooperation with more than 17 countries since it has become a

party to the convention in 2008. The treaties basically have aimed to:

- Enable public officials to dialogue on policy issues through exchange of visits by delegations of government

officials;

- Create conducive environment for performing of arts through exchange of performing tours by troupes of artists;

- Build capacity through exchange of experts, trainings, and educational delegations on the sector;

- Reinforce cooperation between schools of art, association of artists and writers and other cultural institutions;

- Facilitate the organisation of exhibitions on culture and art;

- Promote book fairs and film festivals;

- Enhance exchange of information through exchange of documents, books publications , photographs, audio

recordings and films;

- Create conducive environment to collaborate in the restoration and preservation of art and culture;

- Foster exchange of visits of writers and artists;

- Avoid Illicit dealing (import, export and transfer) of works of art;

- Deepen friendship and mutual understanding between people;

c. What is:


It is to be implemented at the federal and regional states all over the country at national and international level.


The nature of the measure is legislative. The measure has focused on exchange of information and experience,

building capacity and promoting bilateral cooperation.

1. The main feature of the measure

The bilateral treaties are implemented by the Government together with various stakeholders both at federal and

regional level.


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Yes.


The measure creates a conducive environment for the performing of arts by Ethiopian and foreign artists. It

facilitates the exchange of cultural goods and services. It promotes both art and artists of the country. The capacity

of schools of art, association of artists and writers and other cultural institutions will likely be built. It helps sharing

of best experiences and information dissemination and enhances better understanding between the people of

Ethiopia and other countries.


The Ministry of Culture and Tourism.


This information can not be retrieved as it is not identified as a single budget line.

g. Name of NGOs and/or private companies engaged in the implementation of the measure (The

user can add more than one)



Not directly, however the proliferation of signing bilateral treaties on cultural cooperation by Ethiopia after

becoming a party to the convention suggests that the convention has contributed as a stimulating factor.


Yes.


The need to promote mutual cultural cooperation and the necessity of creating an enabling international

environment for cultural expression has significantly contributed to the inception of the measure.


No.

ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

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2.2 INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION

A) Name of the Measure

Preliminary phase of “the Nile Basin countries cultural cooperation”

B) Key Objectives of the Measure

To deepen the common understanding and strengthen the relationship between the Nile basin countries, by

demonstrating the creativity of their artistes and traditions of their people. To highlight a common heritage, where it

exists, between the basin countries. It has also aimed to strengthen the relation between basin countries through

the promotion of cultural exchange.

C) What is:

C-1. The scope of the measure

International

C-2. The nature of the measure

Regulatory and ultimately institutional (in the field of Cultural Diplomacy)

The main feature of the measure

The project was launched in 2013 but the first visit was conducted in 2014. Up to 2016, the project is in its

preliminary phase (2 visits by Ethiopian delegations and 3 performances in 3 countries: Egypt, Sudan and

Ethiopia). Up to this time political bi-lateral cultural cooperation treaties have been signed between Ethiopia and

Uganda. Cultural cooperation agreements with Sudan, Egypt and South-Sudan are signed before the launching of

the project). Other countries of the Nile basin are also considered in the future plan of the project.

It has two main features:

1- Cultural diplomatic bi-lateral visit in targeted countries:- delegations involve a wide spectrum of sectors of the

society , like artists, athletes, musicians, representatives of political parties, members of the civil society, religious

leaders, and CEOs of the private sector companies, in Ethiopia. During these visits, policy makers and

practitioners of the cultural sector meets their counterparts, and try to build common understanding and joint

projects. For example, in Egypt, Ethiopian scholars have met with their Egyptian counterpart to discuss how to

promote each other's countries thought literature and academic research.

2 – Public diplomacy event for the general audience: - In Egypt, following the public diplomacy visit, the national

Theatre was invited to the annual international festival “Dialogue on Drums”. In Sudan, the performance was

directly a part of the Cultural diplomacy visit. Both country orchestras performed in Khartoum, the performance was

broadcasted live on the Sudanese National Television. For this first bi-lateral concert, 20 Ethiopian musicians

performed nation and nationalities songs, but the long term goal is to involve the modern orchestra. In the back-

ground of the show, Sudanese and Ethiopian musicians spent two days together in Sudan, including visits,

experience sharing and casual musical improvisation sessions. In 2016, 15 Sudanese musicians came and

performed at the National Theatre and kept building the artistic link with Ethiopian musicians via casual discussion

and improvisation.

- Media coverage. Such as Live coverage by sudanes national television, Egyptian national television and a


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workshop with members of Egyptian media.

D) Does it specifically target individuals and/or social groups as defined in Article 7 of the Convention?

No.

E) What are the results expected through the implementation of the measure?

-Strengthen of mutual ties among countries through cultural cooperation.

-Enhancing of the people-to-people knowledge, understanding and relation through cultural exchange.

-Advancing of common cultural heritages among nations.

-The triggering of research, literary and art works of scholars and artists among the basin countries.

F) Name of agency responsible for the implementation of the measure

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in collaboration with the National Theatre under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,

and the Parliament.

F-1. Financial resources allocated to implement the measure

For the Sudan visit: 160,000 USD. For the Egypt visit: 136,034 USD.

G) Name of NGOs and/or private companies engaged in the implementation of the measure (The user can

add more than one)

During the visit in Sudan, Khartoum University, Research centres and Media companies , Students and youth

Association of Sudan, among others, have met their Ethiopian counterparts such as the Ethiopian youth

Association and Universities representatives.

During the visit in Egypt, members of Ethiopian Media groups , such as Ethiopian Broadcasting Cooperation, Fana

Broadcasting Cooperation, Reporter news Paper, Walta Information Center, Sheger FM and Zami FM, have met

their Egyptian counter parts.

H) Was this measure introduced or revised in order to implement:

H-1 the provisions of the Convention?

No.

H-2 Support/nurture policy discussion inspired by the Convention?

No.

H-3 Other reasons unrelated to the Convention?

Yes. Strengethening regional coopration.


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I) Has the implementation of the measure been evaluated?

Yes.

I-1 At what level the evaluation was conducted?

By the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the house of peoples representatives, the public diplomacy team, and the

National Theatre.

I-2 what were the main conclusions

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs only ran a general evaluation, finding that the events were a success and should be

repeated in the future. For example, it has strengthened the relationship with Egypt: following the delegation's visit,

the Ethiopian National Theatre has been invited to Egypt and the Egyptian president made an official visit to

Ethiopia.

For the National Theatre, despite some timing challenges, the experience was a success in term of audience

attendance, media coverage. More importantly the Ethiopian and Sudanese musicians have developed strong

personal and professional links.

I-3 which indicators were used to determine impact?

Political outcome, media coverage and developed link among professionals.


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2.3 INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL COOPERATION a. Name of the Measure

Diaspora policy and cultural participation


Ethiopia is among the countries whose people migrate at a very high rate. Diaspora could contribute to the devel-

opment of their home countries through remittance, knowledge and technology transfer, investment, and the like.

Engaging the Diaspora residing in different parts of the world and creating a conducive environment for them to

participate in the country’s development endeavour has become imperative.

The Diaspora policy ratified in 2013 states that Ethiopians in the Diaspora could play an important role in carrying

out research and investing at home. In addition, they could win friends for Ethiopia and try to influence their country

of residence to cooperate with our country. Cognizant of the key roles played by Ethiopian residing abroad, the

government should take initiatives in creating the most conducive environment for them to play constructive role,

including in the cultural sector.

c. What is:


International


Legislative


The policy is very comprehensive, here are the features regarding the 2005 Convention:

- Cultural centres will be established in foreign countries where many Ethiopian community associations exist to

encourage Ethiopian Diaspora to develop skills and knowledge on their country’s languages, cultures and history.

(5.5.1)

- Diasporas will be mobilized and provided with the necessary support to build cultural centres and museums back

home. (5.5.2)

- Support will be provided for Diasporas who plan to organize events such as Diaspora musical performances,

sports, cultural events and other arts in destination countries. (5.5.3)

- A program to be named “Know Ethiopia Program-KEP”, learning Ethiopian languages and cultural participation

would be designed to help youth Diaspora develop strong attachment towards their country of origin. (5.5.4)

- In cooperation with youth Diaspora abroad, youth centered Ethiopian culture, literature, art and sport programs

will be encouraged; and situation for youth to act in an organized way will be facilitated. (6.3.2.2)

- A mechanism to establish monitoring and evaluation among the Diaspora policy implementing offices will be put


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in place for the better follow up of the policy implementation. (7.7)


Convention?

No


Direct expected results are the creation of Ethiopian Cultural Centres overseas and Cultural

organisations in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Embassy to India started the process, creating one in Delhi, in

2013.

The long term expected results are:

- to maintain a strong link between Diaspora and Ethiopia and allow Diaspora members to feel

connected to their home-country.

- to strengthen diplomatic, cultural and economic relationships with host-countries thanks to diaspora

participation.


The Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The Ministry of Trade

Ethiopian Investment Agency


There is no identified budget line for the cultural participation of the diaspora. As an example, the budget of the

Ethiopian Cultural Centre in Delhi is …




No


No


Yes, already stated.


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n.c

3.1 PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT


Selam Ethiopia


Selam Ethiopia is a non–profit, independent organisation based in Stockholm and created by an Ethiopian born

Swedish citizen to promote world music and cultural diversity at international levels since 1997. In 2005 a branch

office; Selam Ethiopia (NGO Chsa #1204) was opened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; aiming to work towards promoting

music and cultural diversity. Mostly financed by Swedish government funds, the activities of Selam Ethiopia are an

illustration of co-development institutional action supported by a developed country.

Selam Ethiopia is engaged in the following key thematic areas: Cultural Diversity and Exchange, Capacity building

and Training, Networking and Information Brokerage, and Research. A key pillar in Selam Ethiopia’s operations

Selam conducts frequent surveys and research to gauge the performance of Ethiopia’s entertainment and cultural

sector to help identify challenges, growth areas and areas where interventions could be made along with

stakeholders.

c. What is:

The scope of the measure

International

The nature of the measure

Institutional cooperation focusing on the key thematic areas.

The main feature of the measure

Selam Ethiopia's most known action is its festival, but it is engaged in more than eleven projects in a bid to

contribute to the development of culture and entertainment sector in Ethiopia.

Selam Festival Addis: The Selam Festival Addis is an event aiming to provide a quality platform to showcase

Ethiopian music and culture. The festival also serves as an important tool to enhance the infrastructure within the

music sector and empower its stakeholders. The full-fledged outdoor music concert with international standard

event management and execution quality, includes a capacity building and knowledge transfer activities for large

crews, volunteers and partners.

In 2016, the 5th edition of the festival’s one week programme included:

- An opening night at the Swedish residence, with on average 500 audience members from foreign embassies and

senior officials with refreshment, introductory speeches and 2 international and one local performances preview.

- 2 days of concerts at the Ghion hotel, in front of 7 000 audience members with small fees; followed by free after


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show jam sessions each evening.

- Three free professional trainings in sound engineering, lighting and event management, 20 participants per

workshop, and experience sharing sessions, master classes and conferences.

The Cultural Forum: is periodically organised, on a quarterly basis, to discuss creative related issues including

cultural politics, copyright and the culture industry. Some of the issues raised on the forms so far include:

Women in the Arts

Financial institutions and the arts

Challenges and Prospects of Ethiopian Traditional Music Instruments

Cultural journalism and criticism

Challenges and prospects of the Ethiopian Creative industry

Research and survey results are also discussed as part of the cultural forum

Music Leads the Way aims to create opportunities for talented and marginalised youths by providing training in

copyright and contractual management, ICT and Social media, studio technics, singing and production and starting

pilot music education for elementary school students. The project is being implemented by Selam Ethiopia in

collaboration with the Ethiopian Musicians’ Association

Sound Engineering Program:

In Ethiopia, sound engineering is not considered as a profession. There is no formal training. Selam Ethiopia is

advocating the professionalisation of sound engineers and trained professional and graduates students from music

schools.

4th Power Media: a media development initiative project to strengthen the capacity of cultural radio journalists to

meet the demand for improving skills in cultural reporting and encourage in-depth reporting, critical analysis and

quality productions.

Inner Vision: is Selam Ethiopia’s major project focusing on talented visually impaired and blind youth. Inner Vision

operates on three interventions:

1- Inclusive professional music education: Selam has been working to promote inclusive music education at Yared

School of Music. For almost took four years, the project addressed gaps from Yared School of Music in terms of:

- Braille notation training for instructors;

- Development of teaching guides focusing on students with visual impairment;

- Introduction of a BRAILLE NOTATION GUIDE BOOK and Software that will help teachers to address the special

needs of the visually impaired students.

As a result, they have managed to enrol four visually impaired students among which one has succeeded in

continuing his education.


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2 – School Music education: providing access to music education in public schools for the visually impaired.

The project has reinvigorated the Wusate Birhan Abera Music Training Centre’s education program

which had ceased operation for almost two and a half years due to lack of funding. It provides students with

financial support and supplementary vocational education courses that include entrepreneurship and psychosocial

issues. Students are now preparing their graduation completing level III Diploma.

3- Album Production: following a series of training and mentorship programs Selam Ethiopia is working to produce

one music album for the visually impaired in a bid to let the blind break into Ethiopia’s music scene.

It also is used as a means to create job opportunities for talented and marginalised youths.

Other programmes include international and regional artists residency and international professionals ran

workshops.


Yes

Youth, women and visually impaired artists.


Strengthening and improving the infrastructure within the cultural sector in Ethiopia so that artistic expressions

acquire greater prominence and contribute to social and economic progress.

Developed capacities among artists, organisers and associations in Ethiopia.

Established networks and facilitate exchange between professional cultural actors on local, national, regional and

international level.

Diversity in the performing arts promoting a modern image of Ethiopia.

Awareness among artists, the government and stakeholders on issues and gaps in the culture sector for further

engagement and development.


The project is implemented by an international NGO, The Swedish NGO Selam International, and its collaborative

partners.


The majority of the funds are granted by SIDA. There are also some budgets allocated from Forum Syd and

Swedish Post Code Lotterate. For the implementation of Selam Festival Addis, though, there is a need to raise

corporate sponsorship. Each year, corporate sponsors are different. For example in 2016, St. Georges beer (BGI)

was the corporate sponsor.


The Swedish NGO Selam International.


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Selam Ethiopia is an NGO working on annual programs to support the development of music in Ethiopia,

particularly targeting the youth and visually impaired musicians, and supporting the development of music

infrastructure in the country. They organised the first four festivals.

Selam Sounds is a private company set up to organise the Festival (they did so in 2016) and to have income

generating activities to support the festival. For example, they rent their recording studio or provide technical

services to the private sector.

Ethiopian Musicians Association

Wusate Berhan Abera Music School for the Blind



No.


No.

h.3. Other reasons unrelated to the Convention?:

Yes.


Yes.


-Internal and external level evaluations are conducted on a periodic basis.

-Internal evaluations include joint monitoring and evaluations and well as a monthly, quarterly and annual report

evaluations

-Projects are also evaluated through the rules and regulations of the Government and is evaluated by the Ministry

of Culture and Tourism as it is established under the lows of the federal government

-the federal Charities and Societies Agency also evaluate the actions on periodic basis and conduct random visits

and activities and financial evaluations.

-Donors also have their measurement and evaluation methodologies in a periodic manner


-Most of the evaluators and participants have positive feedback.

-The media review, local and international, regarding Selam Ethiopia’s projects, including Selam Festival Addis, is

positive and supportive.

-The general audience gave encouraging feedback anhows support by 'liking' and commenting on our activities.


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(please refer the social media of Selam Ethiopia and Selam Festival Addis)


There are various indicators that show the success of Selam Ethiopia’s Projects. Some are:

Number of participants to training and workshops and their feedback.

Professional success of former students.

Advocacy outcomes.


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4.1 INTEGRATION OF CULTURE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II: 2016-2020)


The major objective of GTP II is to serve as a spring board towards realizing the national vision of becoming a low

middle-income country by 2025, through sustaining the rapid, broad based and inclusive economic growth, which

accelerates economic transformation and the journey towards the country’s Renascence.

The objective of culture and tourism sector is to enhance the contribution of the sector to overall sustainable socio-

economic development of the country by creating coordinated and integrated system and enhancing community

participation. Accordingly, the main objectives of the culture and tourism sector during the second Growth and

Transformation Plan period are to improve the utilization of information resources, enhance the development of

cultural industry and market networks, increase the conservation and development of cultural heritage, improve the

market system of tourism sector and increase the variety and number of domestic tourism service providers.

c. What is:


National.


Legislative.


It is a five year plan. The plan has put in place strategic directions for the culture and tourism development sector; such as enabling

citizens benefit from the sector through conserving and developing cultural and historical heritages and expanding

cultural and tourism services and products. In this regard, expanding employment opportunities for women and

youth, equitable protection and development of cultural diversities and promoting their values, using research

outputs to strengthen the capacity of the sector by establishing strong and reliable information system and

undertaking image building and promotion activities to enhance the sector’s contribution to foreign exchange

earnings as well as increase the share of the sector in the overall economy to 5% of GDP will be another strategic

direction to be pursued during the plan period.

GTP II is primarily considered to be an important milestone towards realizing the national vision. In this context,

during the GTPII implementation period, effective public participation in a coordinated and structured manner at all

levels is critical to ensuring equitable development and to build developmental political economy. As such, GTP II

will focus on ensuring rapid, sustainable & broad-based growth through enhancing productivity of agriculture and

manufacturing, improving quality of production and stimulating competition in the economy.


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Convention?

Yes


women and the youth.


Here are the expected results falling under the 2005 Convention as mentioned in the Ministry of Culture and

Tourism GTP Plan (Annexe 4.1):

Benefits for people (section 2,3,1)

Creation of 1 million jobs in the sector. From GTP1 experience, 70% of the opportunities are expected to be for

Youth and Women.

30 million people enjoying Artistic performances and exhibitions..

Availability of books for 25 million people through libraries and bookshops.

Increased social and stakeholders integration. (2.3.2)

9 regions and 2 administrative cities will set up 12 Culture and Tourism councils.

To create awareness of 10 million people about the sector's strategy. And to create general awareness of 20

million students via mass media on the sector.

Increase relation and integration between stakeholder of the sector.

Cultural Industries market development (2.3.7).

Establish and enhance 43 cultural art centres and 174 multi-functional cultural centres at regional and Woreda

level in the whole country.

Establishing11 cultural forums for high performance in culture and tourism: in all regions and city Administration as

well as at Federal level.

30 theatre and cinema institutions Established, which are co-operated by government agencies and communities.

2169 small scale enterprises which are engaged with the cultural industries provided with regulatory support,

market integration and capacity building.

Participating in 50 continental and regional cultural festivals per year.

799 festivals and exhibitions nation wide.

12 Institutions established to encourage creative professionals.

Develop modern communication technology and techniques (2.3.14) includes achieving 100% network expansion

with 9 regions, the two city administrations and 7 subordinate institutions.


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The Ministry of Culture and Tourism

The Ministry of Education

The Ministry of Justice

The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.

The Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation Development

The Ministry of Trade

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs

The Revenue and Custom Authority

The Investment Commission

The Central Statistics Agency

The Federal Micro and Small Enterprises Development Agency

Regions and city administrations


No details are available.


Development stakeholder, UNESCO and NGOs. Civil society from youth and women organisations,

h. Was this measure introduced or revised in order to: *

h.1. Implement the provisions of the Convention? NO

h.2. Support/nurture policy discussion inspired by the Convention? NO

h.3. Other reasons unrelated to the Convention? YES

i. Has the implementation of the measure been evaluated? NO

[if yes] i.1 At what level the evaluation was conducted?

4.2 INTEGRATION OF CULTURE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT


Promoting Heritage For Ethiopia’s Development (PROHEDEV)


The Programme contributes to the achievement of the objectives established under the National Cultural Policy


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adopted by the Ministry of Culture.

Its general objective is to increase the long-term contribution of heritage and culture to the socio-economic

development of Ethiopia by preserving and developing targeted heritage sites and sectors and improving their

management.

The purpose of the Programme is to contribute to:

- Improving the living conditions of the population.

- Enhancing cultural identity and diversity.

- Enhancing the tourism sector.

In this report, only the actions falling under the 2005 Convention will be mentioned. For more information on the

overall project please refer to annexe n°4.2.

c. What is:


National


Programme

c.3. The main feature of the measure *

The strategy adopted by the Programme is based on:

Decentralised implementation: Through regional projects to reinforce local capacities to ensure a more effective

ownership and participation of local communities, as well as a more effective protection and promotion of natural

and cultural resources.

Capacity building: Transfer of specific competences and skills to officials, agents and operators at national and

regional level in order to ensure long-term sustainability.

Market orientation: Effective involvement of the private sector is a key issue.

Communication: The common denominator of the programme is to support Ethiopia in enhancing and promoting

its national and products image. It will also contribute in creating national and international networks.

The Project is organised in five closely interlinked clusters of activities, four of them fall under the 2005 Convention:

A: Capacity building activities

To reinforce the role of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the regional and local bodies in charge of culture and

other culture institutions in the country, short term training of officials and staff members will be organised. Among

the focal topics, three strategic ones fall under the 2005 Convention:

1. Cultural industry (market linkage and value chain, standardisation and accreditation of cultural industry, policy


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framework, economic impact, culture and creative cities for 15 days for regions and federal experts)

2. Cultural cooperation (conventions, agreement and individual role in arts, role of international organisations and

embassies for 6 days for regional and federal experts)

3. Cultural leadership (product development, event management, art organization management, marketing of

cultural products and goods for 10 days for regional and federal experts).

Activities will include experience sharing and institutional networking, international exposure and benchmarking by

the organisation of study tours, training, seminars and conferences. A team of international and local experts will

provide Technical Assistance and advice to the Ministry in promoting and implementing its Cultural Policy and in

the implementation of the Programme. In addition, it’s planned to give a short term training abroad for MoCT staff,

agencies and regions on creative industry, project management, financial management.

2. Regional cultural development projects

The Programme will allocate funds to the 9 regions of Ethiopia. The aim is to implement specific projects,

contributing to socio-economic development and to preserve (among other) cultural diversity at a local level. The

peripheral regions of Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella and Somali Region will essentially benefit from capacity

building initiatives. These regions will benefit from the Provision of essential equipment, additional Training and

capacity-building, Study and research, Experience sharing visit abroad.

The 6 other regions of Afar, Amhara, Harari, Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, and Tigrai have

been selected to implement a range of projects with various activities including diversification of cultural activities

and development of cultural spaces.

3.Training institutions in the Music sector

The Programme will support the development of Ethiopian Modern Popular Music and an Ethio-Jazz Department

at the Yared School of Music.

4. Grant scheme for cultural industries for the Image and Audiovisual sector.

With a budget of 1 million Euro (25 million Br), the Grant Scheme aims to contribute to the development of capacity

building opportunities, the promotion of initiatives and events, as well as supporting specific productions in sectors

with a strong potential for socio-economic development and for enhancing cultural visibility and Ethiopia's image

abroad. Grants will be allocated following the process of a EU Call for proposals.

Other key actions are:

- Conducting assessment in the entire legal environment of the sector including regions and city administrations

and to propose solution in the context of culture and tourism. The solution will be implemented in 3 regions by pilot

study to insight the condition of the legal environment.

- Building the cultural statistical management system. This will give a greater visibility to the sector through the

identification, collection and management of the value of culture and creativity industries.

- Purchasing multimedia, artistic and technical equipment for the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and various

agency.


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- Organising training on gender mainstreaming to create an ambiance that values the involvement of women in

cultural activities in order to increase their contribution to cultural development.

- Mainstreaming culture thought Media, inviting professionals to produce at least 5 spots to be broadcasted on

television.


Convention?

Yes.


The four main results in the framework of the 2005 Convention are:

Result 1: The knowledge, capacities and skills of officials and managers from the cultural institutions are

strengthened to lead the development and promotion of heritage and culture as vector for development.

Result 2: The necessary databases aimed to support decision making in cultural sectors management are built and

kept functional in favor of the MoCT and its related institutions

Result 3: The role of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in networking the different cultural actors is reinforced.

Result 4: Capacity of the three emerging regions (Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella and Somali Region) will be

developed.


The Programme has been jointly elaborated by the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

and the European Union. Here are the implementing agencies:

Ministry of Culture and Tourism: The project supervisor and directly responsible for its implementation.

Regional Culture & Tourism Bureaux: Implementing bodies for the regional projects.

UNESCO: Implementing body for the development of the paleontological sites in Omo and Hadar.

EU Delegation: Responsible for launching a Call for proposals for the Audiovisual sector.

Addis Ababa University Yared Music School

Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage


The Financial Agreement has been signed in July 2013 for an operational period of 5 years. (2020) The EU shall

contribute for an estimated total amount of 10.000.000 € (approximately 250 million Bir). The MoCT will contribute

with the human resources necessary to implement the Programme at the Ministry level.


None.


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Not directly.


No.


Yes. The major reason is reduction of poverty. This program will be used to address and enhance the development

of private sector and their engagement to bring impact on grass root level. This approach will be duplicated in all

levels to bring sustainable improvement and enhancement of promoting heritage for Ethiopia’s Development

(PROHEDEV)


Yes. The financial aspect has been evaluated.


The mid-term evaluation is conducted by EU external expert.


There is no ineligible cost in the project.


Financial auditing according to the EU Guideline was the indicator to determine the project’s financial evaluation.


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4.3 INTEGRATION OF CULTURE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT a. Name of the Measure

Artistic creation: Harnessing diversity development and social change (cultural industries section)


The Millennium Development Goal fund (MDG-F) achievement fund for culture and development thematic window

is among the major joint programs funded by the Spanish government and channelled through the UN system for

Harnessing Diversity for Sustainable Development and Social Change (HDSDSC). The program had the following

objectives:

Strengthening intercultural/religious dialogue to foster mutual understanding of heritage and the sharing of

common values with view of contributing towards social cohesion.

Developing and implementing policy as well as setting the legal frameworks for the protection and safeguarding of

Ethiopia’s natural and cultural heritage.

Harnessing the potential of the cultural and creative industries, particularly heritage-based activities such as

handicrafts, cultural tourism for income generation, economic development and poverty alleviation.

Enhancing indigenous knowledge, protection and value of natural heritage management as well as strengthening

the link between nature and culture- based sustainable development.

c. What is:


The program was carried on in six regions: Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, Harar and South Nations,

Nationalities and Peoples Regional States and also at the federal level by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.


Financial and institutional. The nature of interventions was both financial and institutional. To the above stated

administrative regions, the project offers financial support to meet the intended objectives. Moreover, the project

equipped those regions with equipment which would help to establish craft centres for local producers.


Harnessing the potential of cultural industries (handicrafts and creative) and tourism for income generation and

poverty alleviation: this includes development of cultural infrastructures (for example establishing four Living

Cultural Resources Center) ; provision of skill development trainings, equipment and seed money for the target

community and enable them to engage in business activities.

It was an integrated multi-sector and multi-agency program addressing sustainable development and social issues.

The part of the project related to the 2005 Convention sought to harness the cultural creativity of Ethiopia for

economic development and social progress.


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Yes.


The major beneficiaries and targets of the projects were community members, youth and women, cultural and

religious institutions, faith base organisations, government institutions, cultural enterprises and cultural

associations. Special emphasis was given to women and youth within the implementation scope of the project.


The Joint Project supported the Ethiopian government efforts in alleviating poverty through the direct and indirect

contributions of culture to economic growth. The direct contribution of the Joint Project included the creation of

culture related income generating schemes. In this regard, income generation opportunities through cultural

industries allow economic development, diversification of income, and serve to supplement the income of the poor.

The job opportunities created has increased income generation capacity of the project beneficiaries of which the

majorities are women and youth who have shown an observable livelihood improvement. It has strengthened the

development and implementation of culture related laws/policies and the incorporation of indigenous knowledge to

heritage management.

The indirect contributions include the creation of enabling and conducive environment for the citizens of the

country at large by enhancing social cohesion, creating peace and stability among peoples. This in turn helps to

foster socio-economic development through promoting mutual understanding and appreciation of diversity,

reconciliation and peace, which are essential elements for social stability and constructive engagement among

different cultures and religion. It also empowered the community especially the disadvantaged groups (women and

youth).

With regard to enhancing and promoting Ethiopian nations, nationalities, and peoples languages and folklores,

Ethiopian Languages policy drafted; the Cultural policy of Ethiopia, issued in 1990, revised; Orthographies,

Grammars and Folklores on the languages of the Ari and Hamar ethnic groups studied, documented, produced

and made ready for use.

The languages policy drafted and the cultural policy revised as well as the Orthographies, Grammars and Folklores

for the Ari and Hamar ethnic groups language prepared which has created favorable condition to the languages,

cultural, historical and natural heritage, fine arts, handicrafts, oral literature, customs and other cultural elements of

the nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia, receive equal recognition.

The stipulated outcome of the program was harnessing the potential of culture and the creative industries

particularly heritage-based activities such as handicraft and cultural tourism for job creation, economic growth and

poverty alleviation.


Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Regional Bureaus of Culture and tourism, together with UNCT, UNESCO & UNDP.


5 million USD was planned for the project but only 3,556,631.00 USD were actually utilised.


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Various NGOs/civil societies, community, youth and women Associations and private enterprises were engaged in

the implementation



Yes. This joint program was in line with the national priorities identified by the government of Ethiopia in its

PASDEP manifesto for 2006-2011 and also in line with UNDAF (2007-2011)


No.


No.


i.1 At what level the evaluation was conducted

While the project phased out three years before, its implementation was evaluated as to what degree it had

achieved its objectives.The project was evaluated in Mid-term and end term.




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4.1 INTEGRATION OF CULTURE IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT a. Name of the Measure

Program: Cultural Festival for people with disabilities


Moto: “Participating in culture is part of development”

The measure has aimed to increase social inclusion of the people with disabilities by bringing to stage various

form of cultural expression performed by disabled people, in order to:

- Show the public that people with disabilities have capacity in cultural practice.

- Increase personal confidence and empowerment of beneficiaries.

- Provide professional training to allow the beneficiary to have a stable personal income.

c. What is:


Essentially Addis Ababa (the capital)


Festival (institutional)


This Festival have been on for the past 3 years for two days; the most recent one was held on April 22 and 23

2016.

More than 2000 audience attended the festival.

During two days associations’ members of people with disabilities involved in dance performances, poem recitation

and drama performances (both written by the participants topic related to the objective of the Festival), fashion

show, photography and painting exhibition as well as panel discussions. A cultural product bazaar including

traditional and modern arts and handicraft products produces by the participating association was also organised.


Convention?

Yes.


Item 1: People with disabilities.


- better inclusion of the disabled people.


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- a better averseness in other ministries supporting the advocacy process and the implementation of MOUs

between the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and other government bodies.

- Professional opportunities for the most talented of the participants.


The Ethiopian National Cultural centre under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the Federation of Ethiopian

National Association of Persons with Disabilities.


Not communicated

g. Name of NGOs and/or private companies engaged in the implementation of the measure (The

user can add more than one)

Names Ethiopian National Association of the Blind, Ethiopian National Association of the deaf, Ethiopian National

Association of Persons affected by Leprosies, Ethiopian National Association on Intellectual Disabilities,

Ethiopian National Association of Deaf and Blind, Ethiopian National Association of Development Physical

handicapped, Ethiopian National Association of the Female Disability.

Type of Entity Association

Type of Involvement

Members of this association participate and contribute to performances and exhibitions.



No


No.


Yes. The program has been designed to implement the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities,

based on the article 13 “Participation in Cultural life, recreation and sports. The link to the convention appear on

the communication material. It is to be noted that the Ethiopian version of the Convention is in English and Amharic,

this has been an essential factor of the decision making on the program.


Yes.


Local


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Compared to the previous two festivals, the event found a better audience.

The Bazar was of a better quality and products were well advertised.


Audience number and qualitative satisfaction by informal interviews.


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5.1 EMERGING TRANSVERSAL ISSUES

Name of the Measure

Broadcasting Service Proclamation No. 533/2007


It was necessary to revise the existing law on broadcasting service to take into account that broadcasting service

plays a significant role in the political, economic and social development of the country by providing information,

education and entertainment programs to the public. Moreover, broadcasting plays a major role in exercising the

basic constitutional rights such as freedom of expression, access to information and the right to elect and be

elected. It is then essential to ensure proper and fair utilisation of the limited radio wave wealth of the country. It

seems also essential to clearly define the rights and obligations of persons who undertake broadcasting service.

As a result, the new Broadcasting Services Proclamation gives opportunity for private, public and

community organisation to engage in broadcasting services while controlling the proper use of Frequency

and ensure the quality of the broadcasting equipment.

c. What is:


National: This Proclamation is applicable to government, commercial and community broadcasting services

established within Ethiopia.


Regulatory


The Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority (EBA) is established as an autonomous federal agency accountable to the

Office of Prime Minister. It regulates and ensures the expansion of a high standard, prompt and reliable

broadcasting service that can contribute to political, social and economic development.

EBA ensures that the broadcasting service contributes to the proper social, economic, political and cultural

development of the country by controlling licences, frequency and technical standards.

Licences: EBA issues broadcasting service licenses following the regulation criteria. It fixes and collects license

fees for broadcasting services.

Frequency: EBA determines the site and coverage area of a broadcasting station to avoid an overlap with any

radio communication. It controls illegal transmissions and the use of the radio wave allocated.

Standards: EBA Prescribes technical standards for different categories of broadcasting services and issues

certificates of compliance to importers of the instruments and supervise their operations;

Ethiopian Broadcasting Authoroty (EBA) also conducts studies on the development of the broadcasting services

and decides on complaints arising in relation to broadcasting services.


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Three categories of licences have been created: public, commercial and community broadcasting services.

Public broadcasting services shall for example, enhance the participation of the public through the presentation of

government policies and strategies as well as activities related to development, democracy and good governance.

It shall also present programs which reflect the unity of peoples based on equality;

Commercial broadcasting services shall for example, provide equal treatment to any community in its license area

and include regional and national news in its programs.

Community broadcasting services shall for example, carry out its activities based on the needs of the community

regarding development, education and good governance; promote and develop the language, culture and artistic

value of the community; and allow the participation of the members of the community in the preparation of its

programs.

(For more details of EBA structure, duties and licences, please refer to the regulation in the annexe 5.1.1/A)

In 2012, the Advertisement Proclamation 759/2012 was adopted with a scope covering broadcasting, print,

telecom and outdoor advertisment services. (This regulation is available on annexe 5.1.1/B)


Convention?

Community groups that are marginalised and remote will have an increased access to information.


- An increased accessibility to information, particularly in remote area, leading to a better integration of remote

territories and their citizens.

- Better information on local and international issues, and a better awareness of National Plan and the

performance of the government

- A variety of topics broadcasted, encouraging shows about local community interests and local issues.


The Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority (EBA)



Private radio such as Fana FM Radio (98.1), Shager FM Radio (102.1), Afro FM (104.1), Zami FM

Radio (90.7), Abbay FM (109.3) or Bisraat FM Radio. This includes also many community radio.


h.1. Implement the provisions of the Convention? NO

h.2. Support/nurture policy discussion inspired by the Convention? NO



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Yes. EBC is established to increase accessibility to information, particularly in remote area, leading to a better

integration of remote territories and their citizens. The major aspiration for the constitution of the corporation is to

build better information on local and international issues, and a better awareness of National Plan and the

performance of the government


Yes.


EBA evaluates every 6 months the performance of all radio stations with the Government Communication Affairs

office with offices in all regions. Morover, periodic (annual) inspection is also conducted by the Authority.


Diversity of channels: On the top of the 48 public regional radio stations broadcasting nationally, 28 Community

radios and 19 Private radios broadcast locally, including Sheger Radio that also benefit of the satellite to reach an

international audience. Dimtse Woyane Tigray and Radio Fana are the only private radios at brocading nationally.

18 public Television stations are broadcasting in the regions. There is no private television opened yet, but more

than 20 applications has been received. Three channels (Fana, Arkie and Walta Information) are to be opened in

2016.

Diversity of languages: More than 30 languages are used, including Arabic, English and French as well as all major

local languages.

Content: Most radios performed their duty on agreement with the law, but a few breaches have been identified. For

example, using an exaggerated amount of advertisement can be at the expense of the content.


Compliance with the regulation.


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5.2 EMERGING TRANSVERSAL ISSUES

Name of the Measure

The Creation of the Ethiopian Broadcasting Cooperation (EBC): the diversity of Ethiopian cultures digitalisation


In 2015 the EBC authority was established to regulate all broadcasting in the country (radio and television) and to

promote the culture and history of the nations, nationalities and people of Ethiopia. EBC was formed to utilise new

technologies to reach further regions to broadcast in different languages and become a primary source of

information. Symmetrically its intention is to assist the overall development efforts of Ethiopia.

To attract advertisements to supplement government grants for sustainability and to increase its competitiveness

with satellite TV.

c. What is:


National


Institutional

c.3. The main feature of the measure *

The national television station, ETV and the state owned radio stations merged to form EBC in 2015. Some of the

regions have their own television and radio stations.

For the last 4 years, the analogical recording material has been replaced by digital one. The creation of the EBC

platform implement the digitalisation of broadcasting techniques.

To showcase and promot the diversity of Ethiopian cultural expressions through their own languages, local and

international languages are served as mediums.


Convention?

The target is the general audience, but the minorities and the isolated communities who have a limited access to

information are especialiy targeted.


It enhances the capacity of the broadcaster in terms of both human power and using digital technology

It will reach the entire country which ensures transparency and sharing of information


Office of Government Communication Affairs


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f.2 Financial resources allocated to implement the measure *

EBC Budget


Private producers work in collaboration with different channels of EBC’ to produce several programs that are

educational and entertainment. They will then receive 40% of the income generated by advertisement.



Not explicitly although it intends to ensure a diversity of language and cultural expressions of the people of

Ethiopia.


No.


Sustainability of broadcasting, diversity of language and cultural expressions


Yes


It is a new measure that there are no consolidated conclusions yet.


None so far.



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5.3 GENDER EQUALITY


Culture and Tourism Sector Women Professional Forum


Cognizant of the fact that the culture and tourism sector provides employment opportunities for women and their

outnumbering in participation doesn’t improve their status, empowering women (in terms of quality, creativity and

rank) and bringing them to a higher level has then become the very objective of the measure.

The Forum aims to empower women in different ways: through experience sharing, training and women advocacy

in the cultural field. They are meeting every year on the International Women Day and organise at least 12

trainings each year.

c. What is:


National.


Institutional


Beneficiaries: Professional women in arts and cultural sector. Men and youth are also involved in mainstreaming

trainings.

Actions:

-Training:areas of the training are revolved around the enhancement of skills like assertiveness and advocacy,

leadership and interprenership, and cultural policies. Practically it has helped them to fight against stereotypes,

improve their skills and understand the potential of the sector.

- Annual celebration: Marsh 8 is celebrated every year together with the annual meeting of the Forum. Each

regional state forum attends the meeting and discusses challenges. This event rotates every year from region to

region ; thus each region shares its best practices to the rest.

- Special training is provided with the help of Ethiopian Musicians Association.

- Conducting research related to women in handicraft, performing arts and on women’s literacy impact on children.

The results are validated with the stakeholders and disseminated to concerned bodies.

MoU to work with different directorates (of different institutions).


Convention?

Yes.


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Women


Strengthening the skills of women and increasing their participation in the sector.

Reach gender balance at each decision making level of the culture and tourism sector.

Mainstreaming gender in the sector of culture and tourism.


Women and youth afairs directorate of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism


From government regular budget, more than 4 562 USD project cost.


Some of the main stakeholders in the implementation are:

Ethiopian Women writers association

Zema bier women writers association (both encouraging young women)

Women exporters association (exporting cultural products)

Musician association

Film producers association

Tourism media forum

Ethiopian media women association

Forum on sustainable child empowerment

Education bureau Addis Ababa city government administrative (on children issues)

Ethio-telecom

CCRDA Christian relief development association includes more 250 NGOs under its umbrella. These NGOs

collaborats in training women .

National Theatre

Under the Federal children and women ministry.



No


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No


Yes.


Yes.


National


The results on direct beneficiaries are positive.

Lack of funds from regional states to support downstream trainings is an impediment to achieve the mainstreaming

of gender issues at local level.


Qualitative interview with participants to follow their progress and outreach support when facing challenges

particularity in conducting downstream training in regions.


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5.4 GENDER EQUALITY a. Name of the Measure

Example of good practice: National theatre women empowerment programme


Empowering Ethiopian women and increase the gender balance and access to culture, as an audience member

and as an artist.

This programme is an illustration of a good practice in terms of implementation of the gender equally strategy,

compulsory for every agency in Ethiopia.

c. What is:


Local


Programme (institutional)


National Theatre – Good Practice example of implementing gender equality strategies

Every Sunday, «Yekaki Wurdot», a contemporary Gurage play about an empowered women who, during Emperor

Tweodros period (mid 19 century), was asking for gender equality, is performed in Amharic.

This project is not only promoting women leadership in the content for the play, it also empowers professional

women at every level of the production.

During the afternoon, extra shows are often performed with free entrance for targeted audience in the National

Theatre (women associations, girl schools...) or at Addis Abeba University in open air.

A one week tour in Debre Zeit, Awasa and Gurage region.


Convention?

Yes.


Women


An increase in the number of women attending the National Theatre and performing Art in general.

A change in the audience perception of women in Ethiopian context.


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Enhancing women performers' experience.


The National Theatre and the Gurague Association


The 1.5 million Birr (1 USD is equivalent to 20 odds Birr) overhead cost this program is covered by the Gurague

association

Financing by the National theater.


Name Gurague Association

Type of Entity Association

Type of Involvement Co-financing (initiative?)



No.


No.


Yes.


Yes.


Monitoring is currently happening but the programme is not finalised.


This ongoing programme is a success. Women audience came with support letters, benefited from the 50% price

discuount or even for free.

35 women are working on the project (including directing). The show is one of the most popular in 2014 and since

then.


Number of ticket sold, generated income, number of free tickets , number of performance, gender balance in the


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play, general audience satisfaction and Media coverage.

5.5 YOUTH


Provision of technical, vocational and educational training (TVET) for youth and middle level professionals


To introduce new curricula and programmes in technical, vocational and educational training centers to build new

skills required for the cultural and creative industries.

c. What is:


National


Regulatory


Over the last four years the Ministry of Culture and Tourism together with the Ministry of Education has worked

hard to create training opportunities for youth in the culture & creative sector. In the great endeavor exerted, 59

occupations at various levels (L1-L5) could be identified; occupational standards (OS) and assessment tool (AT)

for each could be prepared and dispatched to the training institutions to design curricula in accord with the OS and

start the training.

In the course of implementation, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism evaluated the variation of achievements

among regional colleges.

However, the basement work for the production of skilled youth in the cultural and creative industries has been well

done (document is annexed).

The scope of the measure covers the whole nation. Regional training institutions could offer trainings by the 59

identified occupations if they could afford. Meanwhile, they are supposed to take up some of the fields that best fit

the regional resources and market.


Convention?

Yes


The main target of the measure, though not exclusive, is talented youth of the country.


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The expectation is very high. The project is intended to lead the sector by skilled man power. Various sub-sectors

in the cultural and creative industries have been led by individuals who have the interest and money to get involved.

Consequently, this is believed to have crippled the sector at some degree. Thus, this measure would bring

experience and training together to overturn the ill-practices in the sector.


Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Ministry of education

Regional bureaus of culture and tourism

Regional bureaus of TVET

TVET colleges/institutions



When the occupations were identified, level standards and assessment tools were prepared, the involvement of

NGOs, private sector and civil society was limitless and irreplaceable. Beside the technical knowledge these

parties have, their understanding of the industry`s current need put them at the center of the effort.



This project which is part of empowering young people and promoting the participation of youth in the

implementation of the convention is in line with the UNESCO operational strategy 2014-2021 for youth


No.


In general, the project is an extended effort to the country`s human resource development plan.


Yes.


National.

[if yes] i.2 What were the main conclusions?

This project is one of the major areas of periodic evaluation taking place every 6 months in the sector. In the


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beginning of February 2016, while a physical supervision was carried on across the country, this project was the

main point of evaluation though the result found was still far from the intended desire of the sector.

[if yes] i.3 Which indicators were used to determine impact?


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5.6 YOUTH


Addis Ababa City Administration Youth Centers


The major objective is:

To prevent and protect the youth (15-29 years old) from harmful practices and grow creative talents by

serving as education and recreation center.

c. What is:


Local


Institutional


There are about 500 clubs and 9000 members under the Youth Centers. These centers support and train youth in

art and life skills.

Yoths join Clubs based on personal interest with a good opportunity to scale up to professional carrior. Most of the

members are high school students and voluntary university students could also join.

Involving the youth in volunteering: they can support the youngest by teaching literacy, national exam preparation,

or sports and arts (specially dance).

Competition of dance and theatre.

It gives services on: HIV counseling and testing, library, cafeteria, internet, gym, sport and recreation (indoor and

outdoor games), life-skill training, peered training. In each youth center, different youth clubs like Drama, Music,

Dance, Photography and Sports are also established. The centers provide hall rent service. The amount set for

the youth is low (sports, internet, cafeteria…) or free (library, HIV, training). The Youth Clubs are focussing only on

culture and have been accessed to the stage and screen.

It extends support to Professional organizations such as Destino Dance Company or Gamo Circus by providing a

free access to the hall for rehearsal.


Yes

List targeted individual/social groups

The Youth


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Literacy,

Enhanced participation of youths in cultural expressions and socio economic development of the country.

Increased social participation through volunteering.


Youth and sports bureaus in the 9 regions and 2 city administrations, as well as each District.


Only the salary of the employee and the rental of the building is covered by the governamant (21 workers in each

youth center), the rest depends on NGO support and rental of the venue. Income generating activities such as

renting (hall, gym, cinema)


The Ethiopian Youth Association is providing activities and support nation wide. Various clubs are

created at the local level by the youth.



No.


No.


The project is a direct implementation of the Ethiopia National Youth Policy, current goals are included in the GTPII.


Yes.


Evaluation carries out both at local and regional levels.


Voluntery participation of youths in the cultural expressions at the centre keeps growing.


Increasing number of members, income generated by the centers, and number of audience.


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6.1 CIVIL SOCIETY

PARTIES

Have you taken initiatives involving civil society in activities to:

Promote the objectives of the convention through awareness raising and other activities

The convention has been promoted in many workshops. For example a workshop by the Ministry of Culture and

Tourism to promote all UNESCO conventions was held in 2016 involving all the regions to raise awareness with

regional governments. While civil society was not involved in this workshop, the intention was to ensure that

regional governments understand how to work with civil society going forward. However, a separate measure to

promote the objectives of the convention has not been yet taken.

Collect data and share and exchange information on measures adopted at local and international level

The civil societies in Ethiopia (9 associations in the cultural field) are both sources of data and strong partners of

the ministry of culture and tourism and regional bureaus of equivalent institutions in producing measures of any

kind in the sector.

Their involvement in the revision of the recently ratified Cultural Policy (2015) and many other strategic documents

(for example Film policy, Cinema hall standards, copyright amendment, Collection Management Society) which

have been undergoing is very active and fruitful by any measure.

Provide spaces where ideas of civil societies can be heard and discussed while developing policies

The need of the civil society’s involvement is not only to have the crude technical knowledge of the sector. It’s

rather demanded to represent their voices and avoid the potential threats that have concerned them.

A good manifestation can be taken from the formulation of film policy while civil societies of the film and audio-

visual sector press hard their concern in need of policy support.

Implement Operational Guidelines

While Ministry of Culture and Tourism and regional bureaus are regulatory body of operational guidelines of the

sector; still various governmental institutions and civil societies that have stake(s) in it have also a limited

compartmentalised role in implementing operational guidelines.

Other

Is Civil Society contributing to this report?

Ethiopian Filmmaker association, represented by Tewodros Kebkab,

Ethiopian Music Association represented by Dawit Yifru

Ethiopian Writer Association represented by Ayalneh Mulatu

Tourism Media Forum represented by Daniel Tsehay

Design association (under process of creation) represented by Seminas Hadera


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Selam Ethiopia represented by Helen Asfaw

CIVIL SOCIETY This section is to be completed with information provided by civil society

Has the civil society taken initiatives to:

Promote the principle and the objectives of the Convention locally and internationally

The capacity bulding on the quadrennial periodic report organized by UNESCO and supported by SIDA was the

first opportunity for civil society to be involved directly in the promotion of the Convention.

Promote ratification of the Convention and its implementation by governments

Through the first quadrennial periodic report process (2016)

Bring the concerns of citizens, associations and enterprises to public authorities, including vulnerable

groups

Music education advocacy:

The fact that music is not taught anymore at elementary level represent a challenge for upgrading music of

Ethiopia to an international level. Most of the artists learn an instrument only in college. Thought Starting early is

essential, not only to train the future musician, but also the future listeners, producers and sound professionals.

Beyond the advocacy, the Ethiopian Music Association is running an experiment in 2015-2016, where three

schools, one from government school, one a community school and one a private school, benefited from a free

training program.

Along with the music education advocacy, The Ethiopian Music Association also advocated for the standardisation

of indigenous instruments to support the early teaching and to increase professional standards.

Visaul Arts education advocacy:

Visual Arts scools and universities are only located in addis Ababa, the Visual Artists Association (whose

memebers are from all over Ethiopia) is advocating for the the develppement of Art schools in regions. Their action

is not limited at the federal level and they travel to provide workshops and advocate at regional and local level. A

successful exemple of this advocacy is given under the section “capacity building”.

Accessibility:

Selam Ethiopia is advocating the integration of visually impaired youth in regular music curriculum. Yared School of

Music, now part of Addis Ababa University, has opened its door to blind students where the first beneficiaries are

graduating in 2016. Some organization are not advocating for inclusiveness but put it into practice in their actions.

The Ethiopian Visaul Arts Association conducted a project with the Ethiopia National Association of Persons with

DisabilitiesThe Ethiopian Writers association also have several members of with disabilities, providing them with

technical support (design of posters and brochures) and art classes for children with an art therapy approach. The

approach in regards to them is that they are recogmized as writers first. There is no need to ratify any policy on the

emphasis of their disability because that would make them appeare different. Therefore, all are writers and there is

no new policy or structure that would need to be addressed.


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Copyright

Most musicians in Ethiopia live from their live shows and don’t receive royalties for their disc sales nor their radio

and television. The best case scenario, famous and prominent musicians earn a lump sum from selling their

master. Organisations such as Selam and the Ethiopian musician association have been advocating on copyright

issues for 10 years.

Copying disc for families, friends, and even for commercialization is common in Ethiopia. Focusing on the

infringement of Copyright, musicians through the music industry stopped releasing albums in 2010/2011 until 2013.

At this point the government implemented the Copyright Policy and started new measures such as arresting

people involved in piracy with punishment supported in law.

Women rights:

The Ethiopian Women Writer Association is focusing on advocating the empowerment of women in Ethiopian

society. The Ethiopian Music Association establish a partnership with a lawyer association to provide awareness

raising training on women’s rights to women artists in order to empower them in their practice and stand along men

in their carrier and in their personal life.

Artistic actions:

During their one week regional trips, the Ethiopian Writers Association meet with their local branches and organize

poetic evenings. There is usually a major piece reading and sometimes performing all along the week, but also

some more participative sessions. In Ethiopia, poetry is popular and people like to use this medium to express their

traditional culture but also their personal views. Those outdoor reading and sharing session in site specially chosen

for their symbolic perspective; a free space of dialogue. Government officers often participate in the association.

This is a very deep way to connect with the need of citizens need and also portray the perspective of the

government.

Contribute to the achievement of greater transparency and accountability in the cultural governance?

Overview

The engagement between civil society and the government has increased in the last 4 years. At the same time the

number of infringements in all cultural fields have increased such as music and film industries that is affecting the

livelihoods of those in the stakeholders in the industry. The numbers of people involved is not yet precisely known

but is a source of common concern to both government and civil society.

In the field of Royalties and copyright

To this date, there are no royalties collection in place but the civil society is actively working with Intellectual

Property and Royalties Society in the domain of music, film and literature. The Ethiopian music association, the

Ethiopian Visual Arts Association, the Ethiopian Writers Associations, Ethiopian Film Association, Ethiopian Theater

Arts Association, Audio-visual producers Assoication and Selam Ethiopia and Selam Ethiopia have successfully

advocated the creation of the Copyright Society for collecting royalties supported by the Intellectual Property Office

who has a mandate to organize and license such organisations, whom stakeholder would be the professional

associations. The government is now looking at the implementation procedure, including at regulatory level, with

the active support of the civil society. The president of the Ethiopian Writer Association was a participant of a WIPO

program supported by SIDA including a visit to Swedish copyright collection system. The Ethiopian filmmaker


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association has also been working since 2013 on the implementation of film copyright. Progress has been made in

registering films as intellectual property, confiscating pirate editions of films and arresting infringers. The Ethiopian

Filmaker association is also working with the Ethics and Anticorruption Commission to give training on ethics and

copyright infringement to filmmakers. Last year, the Visal Arts Association also suppoted the case of a member

whose art have been copied in a corporate calendar; they achieved a satisfactory settlement. The writers

associations participated in decision making on book plagiarism, including when a book has been adapted to the

stage or the screen with the author’s authorization. In addition, the revenue authority demands validation of

trademarked logos from graphic designers.

The governance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism

Professional associations such as the writers association also seat with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to

participate in debates on the budget and measures implementation in their respective fields. It is important to state

that no civil society organization receive support from the government and live only of memberships and a few

corporate sponsors.

Monitor policy and programme implementation on measures to protect and promote diversity of cultural

expression?

Many organizations are conducting research, but it so far not focused on the monitoring of policy and programmes,

thought it sometimes can cover this field. For example, Selam Ethiopia held Cultural Forum where specialists and

practitioners talk about various policy matters or the development of a specific sector of the Cultural industries in

Ethiopia. The Visual Artis Association is yearly providing the Minitry of Culture and Toursim with a reaserch paper

on state of the contemporary visual Art developpement.

Build capacities in domains linked to the Convention and carrying out data collection

Selam Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Music Association are constantly working to build the capacities of musicians

and technical professionals in the field of sound to complement initial trainings. For example in the last 3 years, 90

music graduate unemployed students were trained in social media for self promotion, band management,

professional studios, music and lyrics writing and singing. As stated in the preferential treatment chapter, Selam

Ethiopia is developing the capacity of blinds musicians.

In 2016, the Ethiopian Visual Arts Association went to Bahir Dar to train self-taughts artists and meet with the local

Culture and Toursim bureau. It resulted in the signature of an MOU between the local governanat and the

association an visual arts trainings for secondary school students.

As stated earlier, in the framework of their advocacy for music training in elementary schools, the Ethiopian

Musician association is teaching in 3 schools: one government, one community and one private school.

Selam Ethiopia through its research program is conducting data collection in the music sector.

Create innovative partnerships with the public and private sectors and with civil society of other regions of

the worlds

Yes, through the involvement with international and regional artists in festivals, concerts, exchanges, workshops

etc. Here are two example:


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Colours of the Nile Documentary Film Festival:

For two years running, the Ethiopian Film Makers Association, in collaboration with a local company, Blue Nile Film

and Television Academy, hosted 50 foreign directors/ cinematographers/ actors/ producers/ sound/ lighting/

costumes/ set design, scriptwriters in Ethiopia for two weeks to work with 150 Ethiopian film makers.

The event included:

- 30 Free public screenings of local and international documentaries and feature films in 3 venues in National

Theatre, Alliance Francaise and Pushkin Centre. These were followed by public discussion with the director.

- Creating opportunities for scriptwriters to receive feedback and co-funding from foreign filmmakers to produce 3

films. This included local Ethiopian filmmakers.

- Exchange of skills, master classes, training, showcasing and discussion of films

This event was open to the general audience targeted in the training component. Filmmakers were drawn from all

regions. Youth and women where majority of the 150 participants were women, also had the exposure and training.

(see also Selam Ethiopia in the Preferential treatment and its capacity building programs in the field of music)

Pan-African Circus Festival, by Fekat Circus

In November 2015, a dynamic group of Ethiopian young circus lovers called the Fekat Circus (the blossoming

circus) organized the first African Circus Arts Festival with the support of UNESCO, the Prince Claus Fund,

Fondation Alta Mane Geneva, Fondazione Alta Mane Italia, and few other minor donors.

Totally, 107 performers from Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, South-Africa and Zambia attended the

event to link, share, and highlight the continent’s cultural wealth and diversity.

The Festival program included three days shows in a central cultural venue, two days workshop among the artists,

and three days meeting among the circus managers. Besides giving a vast audience (12,000 people) the

opportunity to attend a unique circus performance, the Festival has been an occasion for African circuses to exhibit

their talent, gain visibility, exchange experiences, and acquire new tools to better develop and promote themselves.

Despite its cultural, social and economic importance, circus is still poorly recognized in Ethiopia. Considering its

expansion and the actual economic boom in several African countries, the Festival has been a successful way to

showcase circus as an art form to count with in the continent’s development.

Main Festival out-puts:

- Creation of an African Circus Alliance (with 8 African circuses)

- Circus attracted the attention of local authorities, who then decided to open a TVET on circus arts.

The second edition of the Festival is scheduled in November 2017 thanks to funds from the European Union.

This extend beyond festivals and reach toward the cultural diplomacy.


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The Ethiopian Writer Association and its international programme:

The Ethiopian Writer Association has a few international bi-lateral agreements. For example with the Egyptian

writer association (mutual invitations and literature workshops are planned) or the Russian Writer association (only

one meeting has happened so far). The strongest connection is with the Sudan Writer Association.

They also have a pan-african vision. In 2014, they organized a African Writer Association Meeting: 50 members

from all over Africa and even African American writers spend a week in Addis, all paid by the organisation through

sponsors. All organization developed good relationships but the dynamic of organizing another meeting in a

different country is weak.

Since the Ethiopian Writer Association received a land from the municipality (3000 m2 plot), they want to organize

the Pan-Afirican Writer Association and build a modern office, a guest house, a library and a stage for public

readings. A school of architecture is currently working on the project that will need to be funded.

We can also mention a public-private partnership: The Ethiopian Art for All festival, orgenised jointly by the MoCT

and the Visual Artists Assoication for the 3 past years. This festival based in Addis, but inviting artists from Amhara

and Oromia regional states is changing venues evey year. In 2014, it was orgenised in Addis Ababa’s private

galleries with additonal street performances, in 2015 it was held at the Ethioian Cultural Center and in 2016 at the

Oromo Cultural Center of Addis Ababa. The budget of this event is provided by the Ministry of Culture (around 86

000birr)

The Ethiopian Visual Arts Association has established a partnership with the Youth Suddanese Plastic Artists Union thanks to the Nile Basin countries cultural cooperation programme.They already had reciprocal visits and exhibi-tions.

Challenges encountered or foreseen to implement the Convention (List them)

Challenge 1: Lack of awareness about the Convention

Challenge 2: Divergent organisations in same sector, lack of coordination, lack of finance, with not all sectors

having representative bodies.

Challenge 3: Skills in organisation, administration, management, public speaking and public relations, leadership,

and advocacy abilities are poorly developed.

Challenge 4: No consistent curriculum implementation for fashion, design, film and music from grassroots level

through full degrees. This contributes to the consequences for cultural clashes for instance in fashion design.

Challenge 5: The requirement that country based NGOs generate 90% of their income from domestic sources

before they can work on rights issues is a challenge.

Challenge 6: High taxation for equipment needed for cultural production (eg audio-visual equipment) as these are

not luxury items.

Challenge 7: The freshhold to obtain a licence (event, gallery, film….) is hight and doesn’t give acces to self-tauch

artitsts/curator who could otherwise be very dynamic. The length of the process to obetain a licence is also a

impediment to the dynamic of the sector.


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Solutions found or envisaged (List them)

Solution 1: Training and capacity building to address all challenges above.

Solution 2: Creating platforms to bring divergent organisations to cooperate or work under one umbrella and to

work in partnership with government.

Solution 3: Awareness raising about the cultural sectors and cultural industries and their role in development.

Solution 4: Implement and support relevant arts and culture education and training from basic education levels to

tertiary levels to develop an appreciation of all cultures (traditional, contemporary and foreign) and training in the

practice of these cultural expressions.

Solution 5: To support the envisaged Arts Council to contribute to seeking solutions to the challenges mentioned

here.

Solution 6: To reduce and minimize the high taxes on equipment (not produced in Ethiopia) needed for the

production of cultural goods and services.

Solution 7: To remove the need of special licencing for cultural events, products and businesses.

Activities planned for next 4 years to implement the Convention

Activity 1: Civil Society to engage fully in the planning of the proposed Arts Council.

Activity 2: Create a Copyright management association with the support of the governamant.

Activity 3: The soon to be established Design Association plans to implement design hubs to research and

understand cultural and traditional aspects of a resource and pay attention to artistic creation, production,

dissemination and consumption of local Ethiopian design. A second Design Week Addis Ababa is being planned

for Mid Jan 2017.

Activity 4: The project is to develop that festival in an African Art for All, then International Art for all Festival, not

only in Addis but in regions as well.

Supporting documents provided by Civil Society (optional: File: upload and description)


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Describe main results achieved in implementing the Convention

Many aspects of the Convention have been implemented as shown in this report. However, implementing the

Convention in its entirety would result in a formidable transformation in Ethiopia`s cultural sector and international

cooperation. It will also serve as a benchmark for future engagements and development in the development of the

diversity of cultural expression.

Challenges encountered or foreseen to implement the Convention

Introducing the Convention and creating a common understanding among various parties who are prominent in the

implementation has remained a challenge.

There is a lack of data, absence of statistics and documented good practices.

Poor coordination of efforts (between government and civil society, or between divergent civil society associations,

or between different departments of government) exerted here and there becomes a sobering challenge to gear

towards the common good.

The lack of Amharic (and other local language) versions of the Convention (or a good summary) has provided

difficulties in ensuring awareness and common understanding of this document

Solutions found or envisaged to overcome those challenges

To use media, trainings, workshops, public forums etc. to achieve greater awareness of the possibilities and

opportunities provided by the Convention.

To use data, good practice and statistics to pinpoint achievements and opportunities for the cultural sector.

To support the civil society, private interprises, associations to become more representative and to speak with a

common voice.

To develop a summary version in Amharic (and other local languages) for use in seminars, workshops and public

meetings.

Collect data and evaluations regularly for feedback to the stakeholders (government – different civil society, private

sector)

Steps planned for the next 4 years

1- To ensure implementation of the Memorandum of Agreement between Ministry of Culture and Tourism and civil

society.

2- To maximaise media coverage, trainings, workshops, public forums etc. to achieve greater awareness of the

possibilities and opportunities provided by the Convention.

3- Increase international cooperation thorough developing bilateral and multilateral agreements, supporting the

mobility of artists, hosting of international events and forums.


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4- Lift the contribution of culture in sustainable development by ensuring its implementation in the Growth and

Transformation Development Plan II.

5- Work with UNESCO office of the Addis Ababa branch to achieve these steps.

6- Provide capacity building in multiple aspects for artists and cultural practitioners especially in the area of

performance, finance, logistics, leadership and advocacy.


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Acronymes:

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

FDR of Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GTP: Growth and Transforamtion Plan

n.c: Not communicated

EBC: Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation

EBS: Ethiopian Broadcasting Service (Private Television channel)

NGO: Non Government Organisation

UNESCO: United Nations Education Science and Culture Organisation

PROHEDEV: Promoting Heritage For Ethiopia’s Development

MoCT: Ministry of Culture and Toursism

EU: European Union

MDG-F: Millennium Development Goal fund

HDSDSC: Harnessing Diversity for Sustainable Development and Social Change

UNCT: United Nations Country Team

UNDP: United Nations Development programme

USD: United States Dollar

UNDAF: United Nations Development Assistance Framework

PASDEP: Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty

MoU : Memorandum of Understanding

EBA: Ethiopa Boraodcasting Authority

ETV: Ethiopian Tele-Vision

TVET: Technical, Vocational and Educational Training

OS: Occupational Standards

AT: Assessment Tool

HIV : human Immunodeficiency Virus

ICT : Information communication technology

SIDA: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization

SNNPR: Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (one of the nine regional States of Ethiopia)


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ANNEXES

Economy and Finance

When reporting data in this section, it is important to define the “cultural sector” for statistical purposes and apply that

definition consistently. For guidelines, please refer to the 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS) at:

http://www.uis.unesco.org/culture/Documents/framework-cultural-statistics-culture-2009-en.pdf

Total Flows of Cultural Goods and Services

Please refer to the definitions of cultural goods and services in the 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics

which lists the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) and the Extended Balance of Payments

(EBOPS) codes to be used when defining cultural goods and services. Additional information on cultural services

statistics can be found in the Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services available at:

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/TFSITS/manual.htm

1.1.b. Cultural Services

404 private companies are involved in the business of cultural goods and services.

1.2. Contribution of cultural activities Gross Domestic Product

Please refer to the 2009 UNESCO Framework for Cultural Statistics (FCS) for the list of applicable

cultural codes in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Please indicate which methodology was

used to calculate the share of culture in total GDP (value added, input/output, etc).

Daniel will ask if the figure exists, they started monitoring only last year.

1.3. Government expenditure on culture If not available, please use government expenditure on recreation and

culture

\yima budget of the ministry on culture

Books (data from the National Library and archives)

(a) Number of published titles 30 000 in the past 2 years

(b) Number of publishing companies 290

Music

(a) Production / Number of albums produced: impossible

(b) Sales / Total number of recorded music sales: impossible

Media

For definitions and information on media statistics, please refer to the UIS Guidebook of Broadcast and Newspaper

Indicators available at this address: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Communication/Documents/tp10-media-


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indicators-2013-en.pdf

Frequency Modulation (FM) Broadcasting Stations

Community FM Stations = 28

Commercial FM Stations = 20

Public/EBCO/Regional FM Stations = 48

Total FM Stations = 48

Ten (10) FM Stations have taken frequency permit and are in preparation to start

broadcasting

Ninety Six (96) FM Stations Regional Distribution

Tigray = 9 (Two (2) are Community FM Stations)

Amhara = 15 (Six (6) are Community FM Stations)

Afar = 3 (One (1) is Community FM Station)

Oromiya = 25 (Five (5) are Community FM Stations)

SNNPR = 19 (Seven (7) are Community FM Stations)

Ethiopia Somali = 4 (One (1) is Community FM Station)

Benshangul Gumz = 4 (Two (2) are Community FM Stations)

Gambella = 1 (One (1) is Community FM Stations)

Hareri = 2

Dire Dawa = 1

Addis Abeba = 13 (Two (2) are Community/University FM Stations)

Short Wave (SW) National Broadcasting Stations

Public SW Stations = 15

Commercial SW Stations = 2

Television National Transmission

EBC = 87 Towers (Two (2) are Community FM Stations)

Regional = 18 Towers (Two (2) are Community FM Stations)

Number of newspapers

Printing Media Ownership and Accessibility

In the below table, the information intended to be given is of last months of 2007 (Ethiopian

Calendar). The distribution is of more than one region in regards to Private/Commercial

Newspapers and Magazine with recent copies.


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5. Connectivity, infrastructure, access

Cultural Participation

Is there any available data on the reasons for the non participation in cultural events? NO

Additional clarifications

Ethiopia is still stetting up its national cultural statistics system, the first data are not yet available. It should also be

noted that in a developing country where informality is common in the sector of cultural activities, goods and

services, an accurate data collection is a real challenge. For example, most of the bookshops are small

outdoor booth, artists self produce their album and don't register it for copyrights.

Additional Annexes (Please attach file) (File –upload- and description)

Files must be less than 250 MB. Allowed file types: txt pdf doc docx xls ppt pptx.

No.

Type of

Printing Media

Distribution of

Printing Media

Distribution Type Ownership

No. of

Copies

Distributed

More than One

Region Public

Commer

cial/Priva

te

1. Newspaper 15 15 15 56,000

2. Magazine 11 11 11 28,000