TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM THNH PH H CH MINHKHOA: CNG NGH THC PHMHC PHN: CNG NGH THC PHM

TI:QU TRNH CHNG CT

Ging vin hng dn: Th.s Phan Th Hng LinLp 02DHTP1_ Th 4_Tit 7,8Sinh vin thc hin nhm 301. L Th Hng Hnh 20221102402. Nguyn Nguyn Thy Linh 20221103043. L Trn Phi Phng 20221102484. Ha Bo Qu 2022110260

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, thng 10 nm 2013.MC LC

LI M U31.C S KHOA HC41.1.Khi nim41.2.Phn loi51.3.Phng php thc hin72.MC CH CNG NGH V PHM VI THC HIN93.CC BIN I CA NGUYN LIU104.CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH105.THIT B115.1.Thp chng ct mm xuyn l125.2.Thp chng ct mm chp135.3.Thp chng ct m145.4.Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b156.QUY TRNH THC HIN16PH LC28

LI M UCng ngh thc phm l ngnh khoa hc bao gm cc h thng cc phng php lm bin i nguyn liu vi quy m ln thnh sn phm theo cc ch tiu cht lng quy nh.Chng ct l mt trong cc phng php lm tch cc cu t ra khi hn hp ban u thu c sn phm tinh khit hn. Vi ti tm hiu v Qu trnh chng ct, nhm chng em s thc hin gm c 6 phn: C s khoa hc. Mc ch cng ngh v phm vi thc hin. Cc bin i ca nguyn liu. Cc yu t nh hng. Cc thit b chng ct. Quy trnh cng ngh thc t.Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, nhm khng th trnh khi nhng sai st nht nh, mong nhn c s ng gp kin t thy c v bn b.Xin chn thnh cm n!!!

1. C S KHOA HC1.1. Khi nimChng ct l phng php dng phn ring hn hp cc cht lng cng nh hn hp cc kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp.S khc nhau v kh nng bay hi th hin qua s chnh lch v nhit si, hoc cng mt nhit nhng p sut khc nhau. Trong bi ny, nhm nghin cu v s chnh lch nhit si. Do s chnh lch v nhit , nn cc cu t c nhit si thp hn s bay hi trc v cc cu t c nhit si cao hn s bay hi sau.Trong qu trnh chng ct, tt c cc cu t trong hn hp u c th ha hi. Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu c by nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 cu t th ta thu c 2 sn phm. Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln v mt phn rt t cc cu t c hi bay b. Sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c bay hi b v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi ln. V d: i vi h Nc Axit axetic th: Sn phm nh ch yu l nc. Sn phm y ch yu l axit axetic.Xt hn hp hai cu t propane v butane. Trong , Trc x: bin din phn mol ca cu t nh propan trong pha lng. Trc y: biu din phn mol ca cu t nh propan trong pha hi.Khi gia nhit cho hn hp, th hn hp s khng si mt nhit nht nh m cu t propane s si v ha hi trc. Nhit m ti din ra qu trnh ny gi l im si (bubble point). Nu hn hp ha hi hon ton, cu t no kh bay hi s ngng t trc tc butan s ngng t trc. Nu hn hp trng thi hi hon ton, khi h nhit v bt u c s ngng t th nhit m ti xy ra qu trnh ngng t c gi l im sng (dew point).

1.2. Phn loi Theo qu trnh chng ct Chng ct phn on: Dng c c mt tinh khit cao ca phn ct hay chng ct nhiu cu t khc nhau t hn hp. C th thc hin di p sut thp hn ci thin bc tch nu nhit si gn nhau. Chng ct li cun: Dng khi cc cht lng cn tch ha tan vi nhau: nc v cn. Nu hn hp l nhng cht khng tan vo nhau nh nc du, c lng cn v gt i. Theo nguyn l lm vic: Chng ct n gin: Tch hn hp cc cu t c bay hi khc nhau. Thng lm sch s b v lm sch cc cu t khi tp cht. Chng ct bay hi dn dn: Ch yu dng trong phng th nghim xc nh ng cong chng ct Enghen. Chng ct bay hi mt ln: Cho php nhn c phn chng ct ln hn so vi bay hi mt ln. Chng ct bay hi nhiu ln: Cho php qu trnh tch cc phn on theo mong mun Chng ct phc tp Chng ct c hi lu: nng cao kh nng phn chia hn hp lng, ngi ta tin hnh cho hi lu mt phn sn phm nh. Nh s tip xc thm my ln gia pha lng (hi lu) v pha hi trong thp c lm giu thm cu t nh nh m phn chia cao hn. Chng ct c tinh luyn: Da vo qu trnh trao i cht nhiu ln gia pha lng v hi nh vo cc a hay m. Chng ct s c phn chia cao hn nu kt hp vi hi lu Chng ct chn khng & chng ct vi hi nc: bn nhit cc cu t trong du ph thuc ch yu vo nhit v thi gian lu. i vi cc phn on c nhit si cao, ngi ta cn trnh s phn hu chng (gim nht, bn oxy ho) bng cch hn ch nhit (320o- 420oC) chng ct. Nu nhit si cao hn nhit phn hu chng ta dng chng ct chn khng hay chng ct hi nc. Hi nc lm gim p sut hi ring phn lm chng si nhit thp hn.1.3. Phng php thc hin1.3.1. Phng php chng ct n ginThng c ng dng chng ct cc sn phm khng i hi c tinh khit cao. Trong cng ngh thc phm, phng php ny thng c ng dng sn xut cc loi tinh du th t thc vt hoc cc loi ru th cng. Qu trnh chng ct thng c thc hin iu kin thng. Nguyn liu c a vo ni, sau gia nhit n nhit si bng cc tc nhn nh ci, than t trc tip hoc hi nc. Hi bay ln c a vo thit b ngng t, sn phm ngng t c a v thng cha. Sau khi kt thc m chng ct, b hoc phn cht lng kh bay hi c tho ra ngoi y.u im: Thit b n gin Thc hin d dngQu trnh ny thng c thc hin gin on. 1.3.2. Phng php chng ct n gin hi luPhng php ny, sn phm nh s c hi lu mt phn v thng nguyn liu nhm nng cao hiu sut thu hi cng nh tng tinh sch cho sn phm.

1.3.3. Phng php chng ct li cun bng hi nc

Phng php ny thng c ng dng chng ct li cun tinh du hoc cc hp cht to hng t nguyn liu l rau qu, tri cy hoc dng dng chng ct hai cht lng khng ha tan vo nhau.Thng c dng khi cc cht lng cn phi tch ha tan vi nhau v d nh dung dch cn v nc.V d nh nc v du th l thng l c th tch cc cht lng bng cch lng v gn i.Khi khai thc tinh du ch c trong cy c nng thp nh cy oi hng, ngi ta cho thm mt t nc vo cy c c ct nh v un nng. Nh c mt phn nc nn nhit c gi c nh nhit si mt thi gian, cng c th dng p sut cao nng nhit ln qu 100C. Hi du i cng vi hi nc vo b ngng t v ngng t li. Hn hp du-nc sau c th tch bng cch lng gn i. Hi nc cun theo mt thnh phn khc tht ra l khng tan i theo. Nu khng c nc th nhit s tng cao n mc du c th b phn hy.1.3.4. Phng php chng ct phn on bng h thng chng ct lin tcL qu trnh thc hin lin tc qu trnh bc hi v ngng t mt phn, nng cc cu t d bay hi trong pha kh s cng lc cng tng cao. Qu trnh chng ct phn on s gm nhiu giai on nh vy. Trong mi giai on s din ra qu trnh bc hi v ngng t mt phn.

2. MC CH CNG NGH V PHM VI THC HINQu trnh chng ct c mc ch cng ngh ch yu l khai thc tch v nng cao nng mt cu t no trong hn hp. V d, trong sn xut ethanol, dch sau khi ln men c nng ethanol tng i thp (ty thuc vo chng nm men v thng s k thut cng nh phng php ln men, nng ethanol c th t gi tr khc nhau, nhng thng khng vt qu 20%v/v). Do , thu hi ethanol c nng cao, ngi ta thc hin qu trnh chng ct. Tng t, trong sn xut cc loi ru cao nh whisky hay cognac, nng cao nng ethanol t gi tr nh mong mun, qu trnh chng ct cng c p dng. Qu trnh chng ct cn c s dng thu hi cc tinh du t cc ngun thc vt khc nhau.Qu trnh chng ct cn c mc ch hon thin. V d nh trong sn xut ethanol, dch ln men cha kh nhiu cc tp cht d bay hi nh aldehyde, ketone, ru bc cao, acid hu c Chng l cc sn phm ph ca qu trnh ln men. Trong qu trnh chng ct, ngi ta s tch cc tp cht ny lm tng tinh sch ca ethanol thnh phm3. CC BIN I CA NGUYN LIUCc bin i chnh trong qu trnh chng ct ch yu l s thay i v pha din ra trong sut qu trnh chng ct. Km theo s thay i v pha, s thay i v thnh phn ha hc trong hai pha lng v kh din ra lin tc theo khuynh hng sau: trong pha lng, cng lc cng giu cc cu t bay hi; trong pha kh cng lc cng giu cc cu t d bay hi. S thay i v thnh phn ha hc thng dn n s thay i cc tnh cht ha l khc nh t trng, nht, kh nng truyn nhit v cc tnh cht v nhit ng lc hc.4. CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNHQu trnh chng ct chu nh hng bi cc yu t sau: Nguyn liu: Trong qu trnh chng ct, nng cc cu t trong hn hp ban u l yu t cn quan tm. Nng cc cu t cn tinh sch cng thp, qu trnh chng ct s din ra cng phc tp, nng lng cng ln. S chnh lch nhit si gia cc cu t: S chnh lch nhit si ca cc cu t trong hn hp cng ln, qu trnh chng ct thc hin cng d dng. Cc tnh cht v nhit ng gia nguyn liu: nht, nhit dung ring, kh nng dn nhit, nhit ha hi, u c nh hng n qu trnh chng ct. Cc thng s cng ngh nh nhit , p sut, Ty theo phng php thc hin qu trnh chng ct m cc thng s cng ngh c nh hng khc nhau. S nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh c trnh by trong phn thit b v phng php thc hin.5. THIT BTrong cng nghip thng s dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh chng ct. Tuy nhin, yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau: din tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln, iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt lu cht ny vo lu cht kia. Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha lng dng thp mm, nu pha lng phn tn vo pha kh ta c thp chm, thp phun,.. trong bi tiu lun ny, nhm kho st 2 loi thng dng l thp mm v tho chm.Thp mm: ty theo cu to ca a ta c hai loi: Thp chng ct dng mm xuyn l hoc mm a li: Thp chng ct dng mm chp. Thp m (thp chng ct dng vt m).

Thit b chng ct trong phng th nghim

M hnh thp chng ct5.1. Thp chng ct mm xuyn lCu to: thp mm xuyn l gm nhiu mm, trn mi mm b tr dng chy chuyn, g chy trn v khoan rt nhiu l trn mm c ng knh 3-12mm.u im: ch to n gin, d v sinh, tr lc thp, t tn kim loiNhc im: yu cu lp t cao, mm lp phi rt phng, i vi nhng thp c ng knh qu ln (> 2,4m) t dng mm xuyn l v khi cht lng phn phi khng u trn mm.

Mm l thp chng5.2. Thp chng ct mm chpCu to: gm c nhiu mm, trn mi mm b tr chy chuyn, g chy trn, ng hi v trn cc ng hi c gn cc chp c tc dng tng kh nng tip xc pha gia pha lng v pha hi trn mm.u im: hiu sut truyn khi cao, n nh, t tiu hao nng lng nn c s mm t hn.Nhc im: ch to phc tp, tr lc ln.

M hnh thp mm chp Bubble cap trays

Bubble CapTrays5.3. Thp chng ct m Cu to: thp c cu to hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni tip vi nhau bng mt bch hay hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin hay xp th t.u im: ch to n gin , tr lc thpNhc im: hiu sut thp, km n nh do s phn b cc pha theo tit din thp khng u, s dng thp chm khng cho php ta kim sot qu trnh chng cy theo khng gian thp trong khi thp mm th qu trnh th hin qua tng mm mt cch r rng, thp chm kh ch to c kch thc ln quy m cng nghip.

Thp chng ct m Vt m lm tng hiu qu qu trnh truyn khi

5.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b

4578321141011129Chng ct Acid Acetic Nc

6133Ch gii:(1) Bn cha nguyn liu(2) Bm(3) Bn cao v(4) Lu lng k(5) Thit b un si dng nhp liu(6) By bm(7) Nhit k(8) p k(9) Thp chng ct(10) Thit b ngng t sn phm nh(11) Bn cha sn phm nh(12) Thit b un si y thp(13) Thit b lm ngui sn phm y(14) Bn cha sn phm yHn hp Nc _ Acid Acetic c nng 92% (theo phn khi lng), nhit khong 270C ti bnh cha nguyn liu (1) c bm (2) bm ln bn cao v (3). Sau , hn hp c gia nhit n nhit si trong thit b un si dng nhp liu (5) ri c a vo thp chng ct (9) a nhp liu.Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on luyn ca thp chy xung. Trong thp, hi i t di ln gp cht lng t trn xung. y, c s tip xc v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un (12) li cun cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln th cu t c nhit si cao hn l acid acetic s ngng t, trn nh thp ta thu c hn hp cc cu t nc chim nhiu nht. Hi ny i vo thit b ngng t (10) v c ngng t hon ton. Mt phn ca cht lng ngng t c hon lu v thp a trn cng. Mt phn cu t c nhit si thp hi bc hi, cn li cu t c nhit si cao trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng, y thp ta thu c hn hp lng cc cu t kh bay hi. Hn hp y c nng nc l 70% phn khi lng, cn li l acid acetic. Dung dch lng y i ra khi thp vo ni un (12). Trong ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho thp tip tc lm vic, phn cn li ra khi ni un i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm y (13) c lm ngui 400C ri c a qua bn cha sn phm y (14). H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l nc c thi b, sn phm y l acid acetic c gi li.6. QUY TRNH THC HIN6.1. Quy trnh sn xut ru goThng thc ru l mt phn khng th tch ri trong sinh hc vn ha, l hi v giao tip ca ngi Vit Nam. Ru cng l mt nt vn ha mang m bn sc ring ca tng dn tc v tng vng. nng thn, nht l Nam B, ru cn l phng thc by t lng hiu khch ca ngi dn.Ru c lm t cc nguyn liu: go, np, sn (khoai m). Mi nguyn liu to thnh hng v c trng ca ru. Ru go l ph bin nht Vit Nam.Nu chnGo nguyn liu c ngm nhm ra sch cht bn bm bn ngoi ht, ng thi lm cho ht go mm, trng n gip d dng cho qu trnh nu. Sau go c ro v c cho vo ni, thm nc v nu chn. Lng nc cho vo c tnh ton sao cho cm sau khi nu khng qu nho cng khng qu kh. T l go nc khong 1:1 theo th tch. Mc ch ca vic lm chn ht go nhm h ha tinh bt go, gip cho vi sinh vt d s dng tinh bt ny ln men ru.

Lm nguiCm sau khi nu chn c tri u trn mt b mt phng lm ngui n nhit thch hp (khong 35 - 40oC) cho vic trn bnh men ru. Nu cho men vo lc nhit cm cao s lm bnh men rt kh hot ng hoc c th gy cht men. Bnh men ru c trn vo bng cch bp nh, rc u ln b mt lp cm vi t l thch hp ty theo hng dn trn tng loi men. Sau cho tt c vo khp ln, y np bt u qu trnh ln men ru.

Ln menLn men ru l mt qu trnh ln men ym kh (khng c mt ca oxy) din ra rt phc tp, bao gm cc qu trnh sinh ha hc v cc qu trnh vi sinh vt. Qu trnh ln men din ra nhit thng, trong thi gian ny c 3 qu trnh din ra song song vi nhng mc khc nhau. Trc tin l qu trnh tng sinh khi nm men. Qu trnh ng ha c s phn ct tinh bt thnh ng nh men amylase v glucoamylase ca nm mc c sn trong bnh men ru. ng va to ra tr thnh thc n nm men thc hin qu trnh ln men ru. Qu trnh ln men ru din ra do nm men s dng ng to thnh ru etylic v CO2. CO2sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men s to thnh bt kh bm vo b mt nm men v lm cc t bo nm men ni ln trn, khi ln n b mt, bt kh v ra v t bo nm men li chm xung to ra s o trn gip qu trnh ln men c tt hn.

Sau 2 ngy u ln men, c th b sung nc vo khi ln men vi t l nc:cm khong 3:1, sau y np v tip tc ln men thm khong 3 ngy na.Chng ctKhi qu trnh ln men kt thc, ta tin hnh chng ct thu c ru thnh phm.

Qu trnh chng ct ru nhm tch hn hp ru v nc c nhit si khc nhau. p sut thng, ru si v bc hi 78oC, cn nc l 100oC. Khi chng ct, ru c tch ra khi nc nh nhit bc hi thp hn nc. Qu trnh chng ct c tin hnh bng cch un si hn hp ln men, hi bay ln c dn qua ng dn v c lm lnh bng cch cho ng dn i qua bn nc ngng t ru bn trong lng ng. Dung dch ru thu c trong sut, c mi thm c trng v nng ru s gim dn theo thi gian chng ct. Thng thng t 15 kg go s thu c khong 10 15 lt ru.Ty theo yu cu ca khch hng m ta c th tin hnh pha trn cc loi ru thu c cc khong thi gian chng ct khc nhau to ra ru c nng khc nhau.

Nu chnGo nguiBnh men TrnLn menRu goChng ct6.2. Quy trnh sn xut WhiskyWhisky l mt loi ung c cha cn c sn xut t ng cc bng cch ln men v chng ct. Whisky n ct c to ra t ba thnh phn: nc, mch nha, v nm men.Qu trnh sn xut whisky, qu trnh chng ct cng c nh hng n hng v ca ru.Mch nha haBc u tin, ngi ta ngm la mch trong nc m v sy kh bng cch nung nng trong l c truyn ca Scotland (kiln). Qu trnh ny c gi l mch nha ha, n gip gii phng phn tinh bt cha trong la mch , nhng khng lm la mch ny mm. Ngi ta v qu trnh ny ging nh ly ra v ngt c n du bao bc.y l bc quan trng gp phn to ra hng v cho whisky. Trong nhiu trng hp, ngi ta t than bn hong kh la mch, chnh v vy to nn hng v khi c o cho whisky.Ti nh my chng ctTalisker, h thng rt ra mt mu mi ngy t qu trnh mch nha ha, v kim tra lng ng d kin chc chn rng lng ru t mch nha phi tht chnh xc. H cng kim tra khi ca than bn nh hng n ht . iu quan trng gip h nhn c loi ht chnh xc v khi, to nn c tnh khc bit khng th nhm ln caTalisker.

Qu trnh nghinHt mch nha c xay thnh bt hoc ht tm, v c trn vi nc m trong thng kn (mash tun), y l qu trnh lm cho tinh bt trong ht chuyn ha thnh ng. Cht lng st c ng, cn c gi l dch nha (wort) gn ging vi nc la mch, c a qua sng ging nh y ca mash tun.

Qu trnh ln menDch nha s c lm lnh v chuyn vo thng ln men (wash back). Ngi ta cho thm nm men vo v qu trnh ln men bt u. Nm men gip chuyn ha ng trong dch nha thnh ru.Sau 2 n 4 ngy, qu trnh ln men c hon tt, to ra mt loi cht lng gi l wash gn ging vi bia, vi nng t khong 8 n 9%.Thi gian ko di qu trnh ln men nh hng quan trng n hng v tng th ca ru.V d, thi gian ln men ngn (khong 2 ngy) s to ra hng v hp dn & a v. Tuy nhin, ngi ta thng dng qu trnh ln men ko di (4 ngy) trong khi sn xutSingleton of Dufftown, gip to ra loi ru m, v y cng l mt trong nhng nh my sn xut ra loi whisky c hng v m mt hng tri cy.

Qu trnh chng ctSau khi ln men, dch wash c a n still room , sn sng cho qu trnh chng ct. Scotch whisky thng c chng ct 2 ln trong cc tnh ng (copper still ), loi bnh ng ny khin ngi ta lin tng n chic m un nc ln c un trn la.Hnh dng, kch thc, v s lng tnh ng c nh hng ln n hng v ca whisky, do s tng tc ca ru vi ng. Ni chung, ru cng tip xc nhiu vi thnh ng ca bnh , ru cng m & nh.Cc bnh ng nh my chng ctGlenkinchiel mt v d in hnh. y ngi ta dng loi bnh ln, thn to, y c coi l nhng bnh chng ct ln nht trong cc nh my, dn n s tip xc ng k gia ru v thnh bnh. V chnh kch thc & hnh dng ca bnh ng gip to nn s m nh ca Glenkinchie Single Malt Scotch Whisky.Qu trnh chng ct u tin din ra trong bnh ln cha dch wash, v dch c un nng n khi ru chuyn thnh hi. Bnh ngng lm chuyn i hi thnh cht lng - ru vi vi nng cn thp khong 20%.Ru nng thp c un nng mt ln na trong bnh cha ( spirit still ), loi bnh nh hn wash still . Ru bc hi v li ngng t thnh cht lng, vi nng cn khong 68% , chy vo bnh cha ru . cc nh my chng ct , h s dng k thut v kinh nghim ch la chn loi ru tinh khit, middle cut (*) sn xut, khi lm vy, h m bo cht lng cao ca whisky lun c duy tr.Ru nng thp c chng ct li ln th 2 trong spirit still, qu trnh chng ct chia ra lm 3 loi cuts . Dung dch u tin thu c hay cn gi l cut n t qu trnh chng ct c gi l foreshots kh c hi v cha nhiu ru methanol si nhit thp. Thng c lu li chng ct thm. Dung dch th hai l middle cut , dung dch c s dng a vo trong cc thng g si, hay cn gi l new make. Nng cn vo khong 60-75% . Cut th ba c gi l feints, ni chung l kh yu, nn dung dch ny c gi li chng ct thm.

Qu trnh trng thnhKhu cui cng ca qu trnh l chuyn new-make vo thng g si. Qu trnh trng thnh () c nh hng cc k quan trng ti c tnh sau cng ca Single Malt Scotch Whisky. Thng g si gip loi b mt s v kh chu ca new-make, ng thi, lm bng n nhiu hng v khc nhau ca ru do nh hng ca g si trong qu trnh .Thng g si c th lAmerican oak loi thng g si M cha bourbon trc y, hocEuropean oak loi thng g si Chu u cha ru sherry trc . La chn loi thng cha cng a n mu sc v hng v khc nhau.Thng g si Chu u c xu hng to ra loi ru ngt vi hng v tri cy v mu sc thng sm hn.Thng g si M th c xu hng to ra hng vani ngt, hng v thm ca da vi mu nc sng cho ru. Sau 3 nm trong cc thng g si, ru chnh thc c gi l Scotch whisky . Tuy nhin, i vi dng Classic Malts, ngi ta i hi thi gian lu hn, sn xut ra loi Single Malt whisky thc s phn nh c hnh nh v ni n c sinh ra.

Mch nhaMch nha haNghinLn menChng ct Sn phmTI LIU THAM KHO[1] L Vn Vit Mn, Cng ngh ch bin thc phm, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh, 2011.[2]http://cntp.ucoz.com/load/thu_vien_tai_lieu_chuyen_nganh/nguyen_ly_cua_qua_trinh_chung_cat_ruou/1-1-0-44[3] http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-he-thong-chung-cat-metanol-nuoc-dung-thap-mam-xuyen-lo-45418/[4]http://www.hoahocngaynay.com/fr/nghien-cuu-giang-day/hoa-hoc-nha-truong/1173-09052011.html[5] http://www.foodnk.com/cac-qua-trinh-hoa-ly-trong-cong-nghe-thuc-pham.html[6] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C6%B0ng_c%E1%BA%A5t[7] http://mai-anh.vn/spip.php?breve11

PH LC1. Chng ct l phng php dng :A Phn ring hai cht lng c s khc nhau v bay hiB Phn ring hai cht kh c s khc nhau v bay hiC Phn ring hai cht rn c s khc nhau v bay hiD Phn ring hn hp cht lng hoc cht kh c s khc nhau v bay hi [
]2. Mc ch cng ngh ca qu trnh chng ct l:A Khai thc, chun b, hon thinB Khai thc, hon thinC Khai thc, chun b, bo qun, hon thinD Khai thc, bo qun, hon thin [
]3. Cc bao nhiu yu t nh hng n chng ct:A 2B 3C 4D 5 [
]4. Bin i ch yu ca qu trnh chng ct lA Ha sinhB Ha hcC Ha lD Tt c u ng [
]5. Phng php chng ct no c s dng nhm nng cao hiu sut thu hi cng nh tinh sch ca sn phm:A Chng ct n ginB Chng ct lin tcC Chng ct li cun hn ncD Chng ct n gin c hi lu [br]6. Phng php chng ct n gin c thc hin iu kinA Nhit thngB Nhit caoC p sut thngD p sut cao [
]7. Trong qu trnh chng ct, cht no s c thu hi nh thpA Cht c cha cu t d bay hiB Cht c cha cu t kh bay hiC Cht c cha cu t c phn t lng nngD Cht c cha cu t c nhit si cao hn [
]8. Phng php no ng dng chng ct tinh duA Chng ct chn khngB Chng ct li cun bng hi ncC Chng ct n ginD Tt c u ng [br]9. Nng cc cu t cn tinh sch cng thp th:A Qu trnh chng ct din ra nhanh B Qu trnh chng ct din ra lu hnC Qu trnh chng ct din ra phc tp v tn nng lng hnD Qu trnh chng ct din ra n gin v t tn nng lng [
]10. Mun thu hi cc cu t c nhit ha hi cao hoc nhy cm vi nhit th thc hin iu kin:A p sut thngB Nhit caoC Nhit cao v p sut thngD iu kin chn khng [
]