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QoS/QoE and NGN
Koichi AsataniKogakuin [email protected]
IEEE International CQR Workshop, Naples, FL, 2009.5.13
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QoS - Classic Model -
PSTN/ISDN
UNI
Transmission Performance
Communication Quality
Customer Satisfaction
SendingPerformance
ReceivingPerformance
UNI
Terminal Terminal
Customer Customer
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QoS - Current Model -
NGN
SNI
Network Performance
QoS provided by Service Provider
Customer Satisfaction
UNI
SeverEnd
System
ServerPerformance
End SystemPerformance
Service Provider Customer
QoS perceived
by Customer
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QoS Cycles - Classic Model -
Customer's QoS
Requirements
NP offered by Provider
NP achievedby Provider
QoS perceived by Costumer
Network Service ProviderCustomer
Source: ITU-T G.1000
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QoS Cycles - Current Model -
Customer's QoS
Requirements
QoS offered by Provider
QoS achievedby Provider
QoS perceived by Costumer
Service ProviderCustomer
Source: ITU-T G.1000
NP
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Definition of QoSThe collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.
The QoS is characterized by the combined aspects of service support performance, service operability performance, serveability performance, service security performance and other factors specific to each service.
The term "QoS" is not used to express a degree of excellence in a comparative sense nor is it used in a quantitative sense for technical evaluations. In these cases a qualifying adjective (modifier) should be used.
ITU-T Rec. E.800
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Definition of QoE
The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user.
The QoE includes the complete end-to-end system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc).
Overall acceptability may be influenced by user expectations and context.
User-Experience-Oriented Quality
ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100
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Standards Setting Organizations on QoE
VQEG: Video Quality Experts GroupJRG –MMQA: Joint Rapporteurs’ group for Multimedia Quality AssessmentIPTV-GSI: IPTV-Global Standardization Initiative
ITU-R SG16Broadcasting services
VQEG (Video Quality Experts Group )JRG –MMQA
ITU IPTV-GSI
ITU-T SG12Performance and quality of service
ITU-T SG9Integrated broadband
cable networks and television and sound
transmission
ITU-T SG13NGN-GSI
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ITU-T Study Groups Structure
SG2 Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance
SG3 Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues
SG4 Telecommunication management
SG5 Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
SG6 Outside Plant and related indoor installations
SG9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission
SG11 Signalling requirements and protocols
SG12 Performance and quality of service
SG13 Next Generation Networks
SG15 Optical and other transport network infrastructures
SG16 Multimedia terminals, systems and applications
SG17 Security, languages and telecommunication software
SG19 Mobile telecommunication networks
TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
Study Period 2005-2008 Study Period 2009-2012SG2 Operational aspects of service provision and
telecommunications management
SG3 Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues
SG5 Protection against electromagnetic environment effects
SG9 Television and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable networks
SG11 Signalling requirements, protocols and test specifications
SG12 Performance, QoS and QoE
SG13 Future networks including mobile and NGN
SG15 Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures
SG16 Multimedia coding, systems and applications
SG17 Security
TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
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ITU-T SG13 Structure(2009-2012)• WP 1/13 Coordination, Planning and Global Outreach of NGN including Mobile
– Q 1/13 Coordination and planning– Q 2/13 Network terminology– Q 10/13 Identification of evolving IMT-2000 systems and beyond– Q 15/13 Applying IMS and IMT in developing country mobile telecom networks
• WP 2/13 Service requirements, scenarios and evolution aspects– Q 3/13 Requirements and implementation scenarios for emerging services and capabilities in an evolving
NGN– Q 12/13 Evolution towards integrated multi-service networks and interworking– Q 13/13 Step-by-step migration to NGN networks– Q 14/13 Service scenarios and deployment models of NGN– Q 18/13 Requirements and framework for enabling COTS components in an open environment
• WP 3/13 Frameworks and Functional Architectures– Q 5/13 Principles and functional architecture for NGN (including ubiquitous networking)– Q 6/13 Mobile telecom network architecture for NGN– Q 8/13 Mobility management– Q 9/13 MM mechanisms supporting multi-connections for multiple access technologies– Q 11/13 Convergence of existing and evolving IMT and fixed networks
• WP 4/13 QoS and Security– Q 4/13 Requirements and frameworks for QoS enablement in the NGN– Q 16/13 Security and identity management– Q 17/13 Packet forwarding and deep packet inspection for multiple services in packet-based networks and
NGN environment• WP 5/13 Future Networks
– Q 7/13 Impact of IPv6 to an NGN– Q 19/13 Distributed services networking (DSN)– Q 20/13 Public data networks– Q 21/13 Future networks
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ITU-T SG12 Structure(2009-2012)• PLEN
– Q 1/12 Work programme, QoS/QoE coordination and bridging the standardization gap• WP 1/12 Terminals and multimedia subjective assessment
– Q 3/12 Speech transmission characteristics of speech terminals for fixed circuit-switched, mobile and packet- switched (IP) networks
– Q 4/12 Hands-free communication in vehicles– Q 5/12 Telephonometric methodologies for handset and headset terminals– Q 6/12 Analysis methods using complex measurement signals including their application for speech
enhancement techniques and hands-free telephony– Q 7/12 Methods, tools and test plans for the subjective assessment of speech, audio and audiovisual quality
interactions• WP 2/12 Objective models and tools for multimedia quality
– Q 8/12 E-Model extension towards wideband transmission and future telecommunication and application scenarios
– Q 9/12 Perceptual-based objective methods for voice, audio and visual quality measurements in telecommunication services
– Q 10/12 Transmission planning and performance considerations for voiceband, data and multimedia services– Q 14/12 Development of parametric models and tools for audiovisual and multimedia quality measurement
purposes– Q 15/12 Objective assessment of speech and sound transmission performance quality in networks– Q 16/12 Framework for diagnostic functions and their interaction with external objective models predicting
media quality• WP 3/12 Multimedia QoS and QoE
– Q 2/12 Multimedia performance considerations for IP gateways– Q 11/12 Performance interworking and traffic management for Next Generation Networks– Q 12/12 Operational aspects of telecommunication network service quality– QSDG Quality of Service Development Group– Q 13/12 QoE, QoS and performance requirements and assessment methods for multimedia including IPTV– Q 17/12 Performance of packet-based networks and other networking technologies
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Telecom & Internet -Pros & Cons-
Guaranteed QoSHigh Security
High Dependability
Best Effort type of QoSLow Security
Low DependabilitySpams & Malware
Fixed BandwidthHigh Cost
Flexible BandwidthLow costPROS
CONS
Telecom Internet
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-Packet-based network providing telecommunication services-Making use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies-Service-related functions independent from underlying transport-related technologies-Providing unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providersand/or services of their choice.-Supporting generalized mobility, allowing consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
Source:Rec.Y.2001
Target Standards Area
Generalized Mobility Convergence btw. Fixed & Mobile
Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F
Separation Services and Transport Architecture and Open API
QoS-enabled Transport
Multiple-BroadbandManageable Broadband
Definition & Features of NGN
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NGN Specific Features
• Heterogeneous Environments• FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)• Triple Play Service (Telephone, Internet, TV)• Broadband Ubiquitous
• QoS&R Guaranteed and Secured• End to end QoS&R is the target
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Complexity of NGN QoS
•• UserUser--perceived QoS is endperceived QoS is end--toto--end (cf. E.800)end (cf. E.800)•• NGN QoS is complex becauseNGN QoS is complex because
–– NGN applications have diverse performance needsNGN applications have diverse performance needs–– IP is not designed for consistent application performanceIP is not designed for consistent application performance
•• Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicabilVarious mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability ity –– Diversity in an endDiversity in an end--toto--end path is common owing toend path is common owing to
•• Different levels of QoS support in endpointsDifferent levels of QoS support in endpoints•• Varying types of QoS support in the transportVarying types of QoS support in the transport•• Multiple provider domainsMultiple provider domains
Multi-Service Packet Transport
802.xxAccess
2G/3GWireless
Cable
xDSL
Domain 1 IntServ
Domain 4 Over-Prov
Domain 2 DiffServ
Domain 3 MPLS-TE
N G N
Effective management of resource contention
Source: Hui Lan Lu, Resource and admission control of NGN, ITU-T QoS Workshop, 2003
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ITU-T NGN Recommendations
control media management
他網
Applications
Transport Stratum
NNIUNI Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
ANI
Man
agem
ent
Functions
End
Use
rFunctions
Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions
Service Control Functions
Network attachment
control functions
Transport Control Functions
Resource admission
control functions
■UNI SignallingQ.3402 UNI signalling profiles
■SNIY.2012 Appendix III: SVI
■Release 1 Services and Control FunctionsY.Sup1 NGN R1 scopeY.2021 IMS for NGNY.2031 PSTN/ISDN emulation architectureY.2201 NGN R1 requirementsY.2211 IMS-based real time conversational multimedia servicesY.2213 Service requirements using tag-based IDY.2232 Convergence service using WebY.2234 Open service environments capabilitiesY.2235 Converged web browsing service scenarioY.2261 PSTN/ISDN evolution to NGNY.2262 PSTN/ISDN emulation & simulationY.2271 Call server based PSTN/ISDN emultaionY.Sup3 NGN convergence service scenarios■Release 2 Services and Control FunctionsY.Sup7 NGN R2 scopeY.2212 Requirements of managed delivery services
■NNI SignallingQ.3401(NNI signalling profile)
■Framework for IPv6 based NGNY.2051 General overview of IPv6-based NGNY.2052 Multi-homing in IPv6-based NGNY.2053 IPv6 migration in NGNY.2054 Framework to support signalling
■Future Packet Based NetworksY.2601 Fundamental characteristics and requirements of FPBNY.2611 High level architecture of FPBNY.2612 FPBN addressing, routing & forwardingY.2015General requirements for ID/locator separation
■Network Attachment ControlY.2014 Network attachment control functions
■Software Installation ArchitectureY.2901 Carrier grade open environment reference modelY.2902 Carrier grade open environment components
■Network ManagementY.2401/M.3060 Network management principles
■Principles & ArchitectureY.2001 General overview of NGNY.2011 General principles and reference modelY.2006 Capability set 1 of NGN release 1Y.2012 Functional requirements & architectureY.Sup2 Session/border control (S/BC) functionsY.2013 Converged services framework functional requirements and architectureY.2091Terms and definitionsY.2205 Emergency telecommunicationsY.2233 Accounting and charging capabilitiesY.2701Security requirements for NGN release 1Y.2702 Authentication & authorization requirementsY.2703 Application of AAA serviceY.2801/Q.1706 Mobility management requirementsY.2802/Q.1762 FMC general requirementsY.2803/Q.1763 FMC service using PSTN/ISDNY.2804/Q.1707Generic framework of mobility managementY.2805/Q.1708 Framework of location managementY.2806/Q.1709 Framework of handover controlY.2807 MPLS-based mobility capabilities
■Resource Admission Control FunctionsY.2111 Resource & admission control fnsY.2112 QoS control architecture for Ethernet- based servicesY.2113 Ethernet QoS controlY.2121Requirements for flow state aware transportY.2171 Admission control priority levelsY.2172 Service restoration priority levelsY.2173 Performance measurement mngmntY.2174 MPLS Distributed RACF architectureY.2175 MPLS Centralized RACF architecture
■Transport Control ProtocolsQ.3300 Q.33xx architectural framworkQ.3301.1 Resource control protocol for Rs I/FQ.3302.1 Resource control protocol for Rp I/FQ.3303.1 Protocol for Rw I/F: COPSQ.3303.2 Protocol for Rw I/F: H.248Q.3303.3 Protocol for Rw I/F: DiameterQ.3304.1 Rcp4 for Rc I/F: COPSQ.3304.2 Rcp4 for RC I/F: SNMPQ.3305.2 Protocol at Rt I/F
Service User profiles
Transport User profiles
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Recommendations on Protocols
ControlMediaManagement
Transport stratum
Service stratum
Man
agem
ent F
unct
ions
A NI
Transport Control Functions
Resource and Admission
Control Functions
Network AttachmentControl Functions
Network AttachmentControl Functions
NNIUNI
Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions
Applications
Transport Functions
End-
User
FunctionsOther
Networks
Service Control FunctionsService UserService User Profiles
T ransport User Transport User Profiles
NGN Signalling Architecture for
Service Control Plane
NGN Signalling Architecture for
Service Control Plane
RACF ProtocolsQ.3300 series
RACF ProtocolsQ.3300 series
SIP Interworking over NNI
Q.3401
SIP Interworking over NNI
Q.3401UNI Signalling Profile
Q.3402UNI Signalling Profile
Q.3402
NACF Protocols NACF
Protocols
Signalling for Supplementary
Services
Signalling for Supplementary
Services
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QoS Architecture in NGN
SCF (Service control functions),PD-FE (Policy decision functional entity),TRC-FE (Transport resource control functional entity),TRE-FE (Transport resource enforcement functional entity),
Network Attachment Control Entities
Service Control Entities
Oth
er N
GN
s
Transport Functions
PD-PE
TRC-PE
PE-PETRE-PE
RACFRu Rd
Rp Rt
Rw
Rs
Ri
RcRn
Service Stratum
Transport Stratum
PE-FE (Policy enforcement functional entity),CGPE-FE (CPN gateway policy enforcement functional entity)NACF (Network attachment control functions).
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NGN History
Release 2
2006~2009ETSI TISPAN
2003 2005 2006 2007 20082004
2003~2006
Release 1
Architecture
service requirements/architecture
SG13
signalling/protocolsSG11
Release 1 Release 2ITU-T
FG-IPTV(2006/4-2007/11)
Signalling
FG-NGN(2004/5-2005/12)
Concept
▲NGNWorkshop(2003/7)
3GPP2004
Release 6
2007
Release 7
2008
Release 8
IETF ▲SIP RFC3261(2002/6)
NTT NGN2006.12 2008.3
Field Trials Commercial Services
Common IMS
•2006.7 ITU-T NGN Documents•2008.1 ITU-T Recs. on NGN Release 1•IPTV and FMC are under study
2009
Future Networks
Release 3
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NGN Evolution Plan
NGNInauguration
Full IP Fixed and Mobile
Networks(FMC ready Platform)
BroadbandUbiquitousNetworks
(NGN migrationCompleted)
- FTTH subscribers: 20 million, half of which to be NGN users
- Super 3G
2008.3 2013.32011.3
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New Business Models
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
Terminalservicevender
Legacytelecom
NWvender
NW servicevender
e.g. MVNO
Applicationvender
Platformvender
NW
NW service
Applicationplatform
Applications/content
Terminals
Legacycellular
+
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Wireless Broadband Access
2007 201020092008
HSPA+(28M/5.8M)
NG-PHS(20M/20M)
Mobile WiMAX(40M/5M)
HSPA Evolution(42M/11.6M)
LTE(100M/50M)
Max
imum
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
UMB(280M/68M)
HSPA(14.4M/1.4M)
HSPA: High Speed Packet AccessLTE: Long Term EvolutionUMB: Ultra Mobile Broadband
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Issues on NGN QoS/QoE
• Harmonization and Control Mechanisms– between Core Transport Networks' QoS Policies and Control
Mechanisms– between Access Network's and Core Network's QoS Policies and Control
Mechanisms– among different types of services multiplexed at Access Networks, i.e.,
among triple play services typically.
• "Universal service" in NGN era – Universal service is simple and basic pre NGN era. Triple play service is
typical service in NGN era.
• Heterogeneous environments of end systems (CPEs) leads to the necessity of complex QoE specifications.
• Which level of reliability should be regulated or non-regulated?
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ITU-T SG13 2009 January Meeting
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
contributions attendees
Japan
China
North America, Europe
Korea