q2 wk8 d3 & 4. how does dna’s message travel out of the nucleus and into the cell, where the...
TRANSCRIPT
Q2 WK8 D3 & 4
Protein SynthesisFrom genes to proteins
How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein???
This is known as…
PROTEINSYNTHESIS
About RNA…• RNA = Ribose Nucleic Acid• Similar to DNA, but…• Smaller & single stranded• Sugar = “Ribose” NOT “Deoxyribose”• 1 nitrogen base is different, Uracil; there is NO THYMINE in
RNA
•Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
DNA RNA
Types of RNA used during Protein Synthesis
1. mRNA = Messenger RNA
2. rRNA = Ribosomal RNA
3. tRNA = Transfer RNA
What is “Protein Synthesis” ?
• Protein synthesis is the process of making a protein from DNA.
• There are 2 parts used during protein synthesis:1. Transcription2. Translation
Translation1. The information in the
mRNA is translated by a ribosome (made of rRNA) who “reads” it.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) enters the ribosome to drop off an amino acid
3. A chain of amino acids then exits the ribosome and folds into a protein
Protein Synthesis Animation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgGVk9NExxw&feature=related
• Transcription and protein assembly
Class review!
Protein Synthesis coloring worksheet
Codon VS Anticodon• CODON: 3 nucleotides in mRNA. Each codon will code for a single amino acid• ANTICODON: 3 nucleotides in tRNA that pair to a codon
Draw me
Codon VS Anticodon Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38
What are amino acids?
• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins• A chain of amino acids are needed to create a protein
The genetic code is used to determine the amino acid
All are amino acids
Protein Synthesis
What happens to the chain?
• Individual amino acids bind together
• Folds up
• Becomes a protein
What is a Protein?
• Proteins are made of 20 different amino acids
• The sequence (pattern) of amino acids will vary between each protein• The sequence of an amino acid will tell its shape, how to
fold and its function (job)
Codon chart practice! • DNA: A- T- T- G- C- A- G- A- T- G- C- A• mRNA:• rRNA:• tRNA:
Using the Codon Chart, find the amino acid of tRNA’s anticodon • Amino Acid: ___________, ____________,
__________ & ___________
On your half sheet!
Protein Synthesis Practice worksheet
Summary of Protein Synthesis1. DNA opens2. Free floating bases connect to the exposed DNA
bases making mRNA (Transcription)3. mRNA travels OUT of the NUCLEUS and into the
CYTOPLASM4. Ribosome (rRNA) “reads” the mRNA and a tRNA
drops off an amino acid5. The amino acid chain exits the ribosome and folds up into a protein