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PV plus electricity storage, a Japanese case
Izumi KAIZUKA, [email protected]
IEA PVPS Task1 Expert, JapanRTS Corporation
Contents
PV Market in Japan
Residential PV plus Storage
Storage for PV power plant
Outlook of PV plus Storage Market in Japan
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Storages for 2 Distinct PV Worlds Distributed PV
Centralized PVProsumers
ProducersGrid injection, PPA,
competition with utilities generation business Self-consumption,
energy effiency, grid parity, competition with utilities distribution business
One technology
Subsidy for LiB & ZEH
Subsidy for utilities(demonstaion) & IPPs
National Support for Distributed PV+Storage
• FY 2014: Subsidy for Li-ion batteries� 13 billion Yen (110 Million €) � Subsidy : 1/3 cost (average)� 130 MWh storage batteries introduced� PV is not requirement but most of
suppliers offer PV+Storage
FY 2016: Subsidy for Net Zero Energy House (ZEH)
• 11 billion Yen (85 Million €) � Objective:
� Majority of new houses to be ZEH by FY 2020
� Recipient� Subsidy for Zero Energy House builders
� Subsidy for storage batteries� 50,000 Yen / kWh (~426 Euro/kWh)� Limit of subsidy:
1/3 cost or 500,000 Yen (~4,260 Euro)
Typucal operation mode (Example of Sekisui House Product )
https://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/company/.../20150514_2_1.pd
Night Daytime Night
Battery
Battery
Battery
Surplus power to grid
Self consumption
Self consumption
Surplus power the battery
Surplus power the battery
Consumption
Consumption
Consumption
Batterydischarging
Batterydischarging
Batterydischarging
Night Night
Blackout in night
Chargingwith grid power
Blackout in daytimeBlackout in
night
Curtailment in daytime
Usual modeSaving electricity charge using cheaper electricity from grid in the night (time-of-day rate contract)
Using grid power
Using grid power
Curtailment In case of curtailment, charging the battery with PV power and use the electricity in the night time
Blackout In case of blackout, the system switches to islanding operation
Example of simple payback time
• Storage battery without PV : 25.3 years– Capacity: 7.2kWh (Available capacity 80%, charge-
discharge efficiency 94%)
– Monthly electricity fee : 10,000 Yen (€ 84)– Ratio of daytime electricity consumption: 20%
– Cost of battery with subsidy: 940,000 Yen (€ 7900)– Night time electricity charge: 12 Yen/kWh ( € 0.10)– Daytime electricity charge: 32 Yen/kWh ( € 0.27)
Daytime electricity fee – night time electricity for charging = annual saving59,445 Yen - 22,292 Yen = 37,154 Yen
Cost of battery / annual saving = 940,000 Yen/ 37,154 yen = 25.3
http://www.solar-partners.jp/storage-battery-26872.html?mm=mm20160502
�Storage battery + PV : 13.4 years– Capacity: 7.2kWh (Available capacity 80%, charge-
discharge efficiency 94%)– Monthly electricity fee : 10,000 Yen– Ratio of daytime electricity consumption: 20%– Cost of battery with subsidy: 940,000 Yen
– Night time electricity charge: 12 Yen/kWh ( € 0.10)– Daytime electricity charge: 32 Yen/kWh ( € 0.27)– PV system capacity: 6kW– PV system cost: 2,280,000 Yen
– FIT for PV power (<10kW): 35 Yen/kWh (€ 0.29)
http://www.solar-partners.jp/storage-battery-26872.html?mm=mm20160502
Residential PV + Storage after 2019 : uptake of PV storage market may happen
• FIT program for residential PV system started in 2009 (FIT : 40 Yen/kWh (€0.33), surplus power only)
• Purchase term : 10 years � end in 2019• Options after 2019
- selling surplus power at lower price at 11 Yen/kWh (estimated price by a committee under METI)
- selling surplus power at higher price to aggregator - introducing storage battery for self-consumption-
IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME
Storages for 2 Distinct PV Worlds Distributed PV
Centralized PVProsumers
ProducersGrid injection, PPA,
competition with utilities generation business Self-consumption,
energy effiency, grid parity, competition with utilities distribution business
One technology
Subsidy for LiB & ZEH
Subsidy for utilities(demonstaion) & IPPs
Demonstration project for grid stabilization by utility companies
Utility Company(Site)
Hokkaido (Minami Hayakita)
Tohoku (Nishi-sendai)
Kyushu(TushimaIsland)
Main topic Measure for frequency fluctuation
Measure for frequency fluctuation + balancing
Stailization of grid in an island
Storage Redox flow Li-ion Li-ion
BatterySupplier
SumitomoElectric Industry
Toshiba GS Yuasa
Capacity 60,000 kWh 20,000 kWh9 1,616 kWh
Output 15,000kW 20,000kW(40,000kW)
~5,000kW
Demonstration term
2015-2017 2015-2017 2015-2017
Emergency responses to suspension of grid connection of renewable energy (subsidy for storage batteries, control technology, etc.)
• Eligible technology: PV and wind power
• Subdisy for IPPs (Business, individuals) • Subsidy amount: 30,0000 Yen/kW (€2.524)• Subsidy can be used for PV projects under the FIT program to
address output curtailment and requirement for PPAs
In case of.5 MW PV power plant with 9MWh batteries: Subsidy amount: €5.35 million
Source:sii.or.jp
Budget :74.4 BJPY (€8.84 million)
Maximum hosting capacity, approved capacity and commissioned capacity as of the end of September 2016
Source: Forecasting PV installed capacity in Japan toward FY 2020 and FY 2030
7 utility companies:Extensive output
curtailment
14
RTS Outlook for Japanese PV battery market
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
電力系統
風力発電
太陽光発電
MWh
Grid
Wind
PV
Summary
• PV + storage for residential PV– Subsidy driven market at now � several optioncs will
be emerged after 2019– Community Storage + aggregation business may
emerge with the electricity market reform• PV +storage for centralized application
– Subsidy for utility companies – Subsidy for IPPs to conclude grid connection contract
(Hokkaido and other islands, storage batteries required for PPA)
• Cost reduction is expected with the growth of the market • Other solutions such as effective curtailment, DSM, etc.
should be implemented together with storages
Acknowledgement for the support of PVPS activities
Contact : Izumi KAIZUKA, RTS Corporation, [email protected]
Revision of the FIT program in Japan: on Thursday, 7DO.14.1