MANKATO COMMUNITY PRESENTATION

Putting the Community in Policing

TODD A. MILLERCHAIRIACP COMMUNITY POLICING COMMITTEE

Professional ExperienceChief of Police Since 1976Chair IACP Community Policing Committee Since 2005Instructor and Speaker on COPPS IssuesTwo-Time Winner IACP Community Policing AwardIACPServing the Leaders of Today, Developing the Leaders of TomorrowEstablished 1893, Oldest and Largest Organization of Police Leaders in the WorldOver 20K Members From Approximately 100 Countries59 Committees and SectionsFocuses On Programs and Services, Legislative Advocacy, Policy and TrainingThe New Normal Business as usual

.. A term of the PAST.COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITYWhos job is:Solving Crime?Preventing Crime?Maintaining or Enhancing Quality of Life?

Shared Responsibility?

What did we the Police Do?For Years, we told the community to give us more money and more officers, and then to stand back and let us do our jobs.IT DIDNT WORK!By doing this, we took ownership of the crime problemCRIME IS NOT A POLICE PROBLEM

IT IS A COMMUNITY PROBLEM!Traditional PolicingTraditional PolicingIncident drivenReacting to individual eventsInvoking criminal justice processUsing aggregate crime statistics to evaluate performanceTraditional Policing StrategiesPreventative patrolRapid responseFollow-up investigationsMore PoliceCrackdownsWhat is Community Policing?

Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles for Modern PolicingThe basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependant upon public approval of police actions.Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles for Modern PolicingPolice must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the law.The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionally to the necessity of the use of force.Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles for Modern PolicingPolice seek and preserve public favor not by catered public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient.Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles for Modern PolicingPolice at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition; the Police are the public and the public are the police. The police being only those full time individuals charged with the duties that are incumbent on all citizens in the interest of community safety.

Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles for Modern PolicingPolice should always direct their actions strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.Community Oriented Policing & Problem SolvingC.O.P.P.S.19Community Policing is a system-wide philosophy and management approach which promotes community, government and police partnerships to engage in pro-active problem solving to address causes of crime, fear of crime and other shared community issues.Community Policing Core ComponentsBuilding Community Partnerships as a Force MultiplierProblem Solving as a proactive strategy for reducing crime and disorderOrganizational Transformation to support new strategiesCommunity PolicingBalances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder.Requires police and citizens to join together as partners in the course of both identifying and effectively addressing issues.What Community Policing IS:Philosophy and Organizational StrategyCommitment to Community EmpowermentDecentralized and Personalized PolicingImmediate and Long Term Proactive Problem SolvingEthics, Legality, Responsibility and TrustExpanding the Police MandateHelping those with Special NeedsGrassroots Creativity and SupportInternal ChangeBuilding for the FutureWhat Community Policing IS NOT:A technique or a programPublic relationsAnti-technologySoft on CrimeFlamboyantIt is not Foot Patrol or Riding a BicycleAn independent, separate entity or unit within the departmentMerely cosmeticA top-down approachJust another name for social workPrinciples of C.O.P.P.S.Reassesses who is responsible for public safety and redefines the roles and relationships between local government and the community.Requires shared ownership, decision making, and accountability, as well as sustained commitment from both the local government and the community.Establishes new public expectations of and measurement standards for police and government effectiveness.Increased understanding and trust between police and community members.Principles of C.O.P.P.S.Empowers and strengthens community-based efforts.Requires constant flexibility to respond to all emerging issues.Requires an on-going commitment to developing long-term and proactive programs/strategies to address the underlying conditions that cause community problemsRequires knowledge of available community resources and how to access and mobilize them, as well as the ability to develop new resources within the community.Principles of C.O.P.P.S.Requires buy-in of the top management of the police and other local government agencies, as well as a commitment from all levels of management.Decentralizes police and other government services, operations, and management. Encourages innovative and creative problem solving by all making greater use of the knowledge, skill and expertise throughout the organization.Principles of C.O.P.P.S.Shifts the focus of work from responding to individual incidents to addressing problems identified by the community and the police, emphasizing problem solving approaches to supplement traditional methods of governing.Requires commitment to developing new skills through training (e.g., problem-solving, networking, mediation, facilitation, conflict resolution, cultural competency/literacy).Community PartnershipsCommunity PartnershipCommunity Partnership must include:1. Positive relationships with the community.2. Community involvement in the quest for better crime control and prevention.3. Pooled approaches to address community members most urgent concerns.4. Shared responsibility for finding workable solutions to problems that detract from community safety and security.INSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201429Four keys to the Community Partnership equation:

1. Community contact

2. Communication

3. Trust

4. Information exchangeCommunity PartnershipINSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201430Lecturette (50 minutes)SAY During the community-mobilizing module you will explore in more detail what is meant by community and how to form and maintain community partnerships. Let's take a few minutes to examine what we mean by community partnership.

The first core component of community policing is community partnership. Community partnership is an ongoing process of involvement. There are four keys to the community partnership equation, which are listed in the above slide.

Establishing TrustIt is easier to Trust Someone You KnowYou cant get to know someone Without ContactRequires the Involvement of all Agency EmployeesRequires the Agency to Become an Integral Part of the Community CultureRequires Transparency, Openness and AccountabilityRequires Respecting Culture and IndividualsBenefits of Collaborative PartnershipsOffers a comprehensive way to address a problemIncreases coordination among public agencies and the communityRepresents the needs of all facets of the communityEstablishes a broad base of program supportViewed positively by funding sourcesIncreases available informationFosters the feeling that we are not aloneProblem SolvingHouston -- Weve got a problem.Apollo 13 Commander James Lovell

Okay, lets work the problem people, lets not make it worse by guessing.Houston Space Center Ground LeaderINSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201433Problem SolvingTheory of Problem Oriented Policing: Underlying conditions create problems. A problem created by these conditions may generate one or more incidents. These incidents, some or all of which come to the attention of the police, are symptoms of the problem The incidents will continue so long as the problem that creates them persists.

In partnership with the community, Police officers gather information to get a clear picture of the problem, then address the underlying conditions.INSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201434Problem SolvingProblem Solving is best defined by its parts:1. Identifying crime, disorder and fear problems.2. Understanding the conditions that give rise to these problems.3. Developing and implementing long-term solutions tailored to the problems.4. Determining the solutions impact on the problems.

INSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201435Handout. Problem-solving is best defined by its parts. It involves: 1. Identifying neighborhood crime, disorder and fear problems.2. Understanding the conditions that give rise to these problems. 3. Developing and implementing long-term solutions tailored to the problems. 4. Determining the solutions' impact on the problems. EXPLAIN

Problem-solving has a different meaning in private industry than it does in crime fighting. In crime fighting, it does not mean troubleshooting or seat-of-the-pants guesswork. Problem-solving requires an analytical inquiry into the problem being addressed before devising solutions. Problem Solving10 percent of offenders account for 55 percent of crimes.

10 percent of victims account for 42 percent of victimization.

10 percent of the locations account for 60 percent of the calls for service to police.INSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201436Problem-Solving: Thinking Strategically Section Goal: To enable participants to think strategically about addressing crime, fear and disorder problems, and to facilitate a paradigm shift away from the "crime is random" mind set to a "crime can be impacted through good problem-solving" mind set. Lecturette (15 minutes)

EXPLAIN Research becomes really important in thinking through how best to impact crime, disorder and fear. Crime is concentrated: See above slide.

Facilitator Note: It is helpful to make this real by giving participants examples. For instance, many people know someone whose car has been broken into more than once. Ask whether they know of offenders who continually commit crimes, or of locations that repeatedly require police attention. In many medium-sized jurisdictions, there are locations to which police are called as often as 100 times a year. In large cities, the numbers are even higher. Problem SolvingThe SARA Model:Scanning - Group individual, related incidents as problems and define these problems in more precise and useful terms. Analysis - Information is collected from a variety of public and private sources, not just police data, to illuminate the underlying nature of the problem.Response - Work with citizens, businesses, public and private agencies, officers tailor a program of action that may go beyond traditional criminal justice remedies.Assessment - The impact of the response is determined to see if the problem was solved or alleviated.INSTRUCTOR NOTES7/24/201437EXPLAIN Knowing that crime is concentrated helps us (whether we are citizens or the police) to think and act strategically to impact crime. If we can impact multiple offenders, repeat victims and recurring locations, we can have a strong impact on crime, fear and disorder in our communities. Using the SARA Model and the Crime Triangle Section Goal:Participants will be able to identify crime problems appropriate for problem-solving and develop skills in analyzing crime, fear and disorder problems. Lecturette (50 minutes) EXPLAIN SARA is a problem-solving model police officers and researchers developed in Newport News, Va., in the early to mid-1980s. Those engaged in crime control and crime reduction sometimes find it helpful to use a model that offers them a framework for approaching crime problems. SARA is used by community groups and police departments in many parts of the country.

Pass out a copy of the SARA form.Problem Solving AdvantagesUtilizes Officer Expertise and CreativityGreater Community Involvement/ResourcesInformation Resources ExpandReduces Negative Labeling and Finger PointingPeople Work Toward Mutual GoalsPositive Roles for the People with the ProblemShares Ownership of the ProblemSolutions are More Effective When Developed Together in Partnership

How Does This Relate to a Broader Government Service Model?Community GovernanceCommunity Policing is not just for the police.Seamless municipal government service model that is highly effective in addressing community issues and increasing citizen satisfaction.Coordinated approach to providing city services and solving community problems.Based on COP principles, other government agencies are called on for their abilities to respond to and address citywide issues.Community Governance Cont.Community based organizations are brought in to address issues of common concern.Support and Leadership of elected officials is vital.Organizational and cultural changes take place in all these agencies to promote proactive public service models based on the principles of partnerships and problem-solving.WHAT ABOUT???Data Driven PolicingHot Spot PolicingIntelligence Led Policing(Insert New Buzzword Here) PolicingEtc.Etc.These are all tactics and strategies to address crime that are not effective without partnerships, stakeholders, problem solving, outreach and trust; the basic components of community policing.

Community Policing is the overall philosophy that all of these tactics and strategies must operate under.Community Policing Committee30 Members From Law Enforcement, Academia, City Management, BusinessPartners From Federal AgenciesIACP Has Adopted 3 Resolutions Encouraging Members to Utilize the Philosophy of Community Policing in the Delivery of Police Services, Prevention of Crime, Preservation of Homeland Security, and Establishment of Trust With Their Communities

MISSIONStudies community policing strategies and operations. Works to define community policing and create standardized criteria for agencies employing it; formulate model policies and procedures for community police operations; sponsor, evaluate, and publish community-oriented policing research; coordinate and distribute literature and other community police resource and reference materials; develop and distribute community policing training curriculum and other learning materials for all levels of police personnel; compile a network of professional law enforcement and academic experts and contact persons on community policing; identify, reward, and portray as models agencies that have successfully implemented community-policing programs; and establish links with non-law enforcement social and human service agencies toward enhanced communication, training, and mutual problem solving.WHAT WE DOIACP AND CISCO CP AWARDSOne of the Oldest and Most Prestigious IACP AwardsPresented Since 1998Recognizes Best Practices in Community Policing Around the World 5 Different Population CategoriesHomeland Security RecogneeOver 60 Winners and 120 Finalists Recognized

2013 WINNERSHAMILTON ONTARIO CANADA POLICE SERVICEBOISE IDAHO POLICE DEPT.ABINGTON TOWNSHIP PENNSLYVANIA POLICE DEPT.MANKATO MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY

2013 FINALISTSVAIL COLORADOMADISON CITY ALABAMAST. LOUIS PARK MINNESOTADULUTH MINNESOTADAYTON OHIOGRAND PRAIRIE TEXASHONG KONG CHINACOLORADO STATE PATROL

WHAT PROBLEMS ADDRESSED?Working with Immigrants and RefugeesCommunity Oriented GovernanceYouth ServicesWorking With The Mentally IllBusiness Loss PreventionText To Protect Communication With School/YouthSexual Assault VictimsNuisance AbatementMetal TheftsOn and On and OnTRAINING WORKSHOPS2014 Has Your State Drug Policy Gone Up In Smoke? The Real Story Of What Every Police Chief Needs To Know2013 Newtown, Aurora, Oslo, Sanford, et.al: Strategies to help Prevent, Deter, Respond, and Recover from Critical Incidents and Threats in Your Community2012 Pro-Immigration or No-Immigration? Effective Strategies That You Can Use in Your Community to Address Crime, Build Trust and Counter Radicalization2011 Policing in the New Normal New Economics, New Opportunities, New Strategies: Balancing services to address community, crime and terrorism2010 Fort Hood Attack Endangerment By Failing To Act

WWW.IACPCOMMUNITYPOLICING.ORG Committee WebsiteSubmit Community Policing Award ApplicationsCommittee JudgingBlog About Community PolicingCommunity Policing News FeedCommunity Policing ResourcesIn Process of Redesign To Transition To Include Social Media Site For Community Policing Practitioners$50K COPS GRANT21st Century Community PolicingAnalysis of Best Practices To Showcase Modern, Innovative, and Cost-Effective Solutions to Crime Problems Engage Social Media To Share These Best Practices Through Modern Technology Facebook, Twitter, Community Policing Ted Talks, YouTube Videos, BlogsOffer Resources, Tools, Technical Assistance

Other Committee ActivitiesProduces and Reviews Articles on Community Policing For Police Chief Magazine, Online News, Other SitesTraining Members Have Trained Agencies Around North AmericaOutreach Committee Members Host Delegations From Other Countries To Learn About C.P.Represents IACP on Various Panels/Task Forces Dealing With Current Issues 55OUR CHALLENGE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT:

If what you are doing does not have a positive impact or result; STOP doing it or do it differently NOW!THANK YOUTodd A. MillerCell: 507-340-2804tmiller@city.mankato.mn.usRESOURCESwww.iacpcommunitypolicing.orgwww.cops.usdoj.govwww.umcpi.org www.popcenter.orgwww.theiacp.org