putting it all together essentials to using apa. the pieces of the puzzle the acronyms terminology...

Putting it all togetherPutting it all togetherEssentials to using APAEssentials to using APA

The Pieces of the PuzzleThe Pieces of the Puzzle

The

Acronyms

Terminology

Formatting

The Importance

of Citation

The Importance of Citation


In no other time in history has the “borrowing” of information been

made so easy as it is today.



The Internet has opened up a multitude of opportunities for

people to “borrow” music, video and literature.



But “copying” the works of others is not a new idea…specifically in

the area of literature.



Plagiarism takes its name from the Latin word “plagiarius”, which

means “kidnapper”. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2000)



Quite simply, citing the sources used in your work is giving credit where credit is

due.



It demonstrates a sense of professional courtesy and respect for the creator of the

work.



It illustrates your ability to support your original theories and ideas with

evidence based in research.



Finally, it protects your hard work from theft by others.

AcronymsAcronyms

Now, let’s discuss the initials and what they mean….

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMAThere are several

citation styles, each created to provide

guidelines based on the needs of specific

organizations.

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMA Modern Language Modern Language AssociationAssociation

This format is used primarily in the areas of humanities…art,

music, and religion, for example.

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMA American Sociological American Sociological

AssociationAssociation

This format is used primarily in the area of social sciences.

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMA American Medical American Medical AssociationAssociation

This format is used primarily in the area of medical research.

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMA American American Psychological Psychological AssociationAssociation

This format is used primarily in the area of psychology.

AcronymsAcronyms

MLA

APA

ASAAMA Kaplan University uses APA format for research

writing.

APA

TerminologyTerminology

Before we discuss some specifics concerning the structure of APA format,


there are some very important terms you

must know.

•title page

•internal citation•parenthetical•signal phrase

•reference page


Separate from the rest of your paper, your title page should include the title, author name and course information. Like your

paper, it should be double spaced.

•title page


•reference page


A sample title page

header

essay titleauthor

course information


Also separate from the rest of your paper, your reference page should include, in APA

format, a list of all the resources used in the paper. It will be the very last page.

•title page


•reference page

internal citation


Internal citation refers to citation information placed inside the body, or

text, of your essay.

•title page


•reference page


Parenthetical citation refers to the idea that citation information is enclosed in

parentheses.

•title page


•reference page

parenthetical citation


The signal phrase provides some information about your source outside of

the citation reference.

•title page


•reference page

signal phrase

FormattingFormatting

Now, let’s talk a little about formatting.

Reference page entry


Formatting refers to the pieces of information that must be included in internal citations and reference page

entries.

internal citation


Internal parenthetical citation is really rather simple.


Primarily, it involves the use of 3 pieces of information.

SOURCE ID: By author’s last name

WHEN: Year of publication

WHERE: Page number


Author last name,

Publication year,

Page number.



WHERE: Page number

(Bass, 2005, pg. 26)


Here’s the good news – APA format dictates the use of page numbers only when you

have included a direct quotation.

“Death is not a period that ends the sentence of life, but a comma that punctuates it to more lofty significance.”

(A Testament of Hope, 1991, p. 222)


Questions come into play with different circumstances…

??

?

?

?

?

?

?What if there’s more than one author?

What if I can’t find a page number?

What if there is no publication date?

What if it’s a website?

What if I can’t find the author's name?


You still need the three pieces of information, you simply make appropriate

substitutions.



WHERE: Page number


But remember, different circumstances will require different format

substitutions…

??

?

?

?

?

?

?Can I use information from a message

board?What if I use a telephone interview?

What if the source doesn’t have a title?

What if I find useful information in an email?

What if I use a TV show?


If the signal phrase includes information normally found in the internal citation,

signal phrase


then you do not repeat the information in the internal citation information

immediately following.

internal citation


YOU MUST REMEMBER:These 3 pieces of information refer to

very basic internal citation format, only.

SOURCE ID

WHEN

WHERE


So it is a good idea to find good online resources, or

purchase your own personal APA citation guide,

to consult when more complex situations arise.

SOURCE ID

WHEN

WHERE


A word about punctuation:

The period comes AFTER the citation for paraphrased or

summarized material.


A word about punctuation: The period comes

BEFORE the citation for material

that is directly quoted

from the source.


A word about using direct quotes:

Direct quotes, especially those of more than 40 words

in length, should be used SPARINGLY. Remember –

your evidence should be used to support your ORIGINAL ideas. Using more quoted

material than original material takes the work out of

the realm of authenticity.


Finally, let’s talk briefly about the information included in a reference page

entry.


Again, different circumstances will dictate the use of additional resources or your

own personal guide.

??

?

?

?

?

?

?What if there’s more than one author?

Where do I break a website address?

What if this is a second edition?

What if it is a source within a source?

What if I decide to use a personal interview?


This is a simple overview of the information that would be included in a basic entry.

You will find it is similar to the information needed in an internal citation.

SOURCE ID

WHEN

WHERE


You begin with the author’s name,last name, first initial.

SOURCE ID

Bass, M.

Please note: a period will follow each piece of information in your reference page list.


You will then provide the publication date, in parentheses.

WHEN

Bass, M. (2005, October 23).

If this article is in a magazine, you will also include the month and day, AFTER the year.


Now, we include another source ID – the title.

SOURCE ID

Bass, M. (2005, October 23). The art of APA citation.

Please note: APA uses SENTENCE STYLE capitalization for article titles. Only the first word, acronyms, and proper nouns are capitalized. The title is neither italicized or in

quotation marks. It is written like a sentence.


You will then include information on the periodical itself, including the location of

the information.

Please note: the title of the magazine or book will be in italics. If there is a volume number, it too will be

italicized. The page number information is not.

Bass, M. (2005, October 23). The art of APA citation. Literature Today, 24, 138.


And there you have it…

the basic building blocks of a reference page entry.

Remember –It is best to consult online sources or a personal reference

guide for this information because the types of circumstances for reference page entries will vary

GREATLY.

Bass, M. (2005, October 23). The art of APA citation. Literature Today, 24, 138.

Parting Words…Parting Words…

Before we go…a few style guidelines concerning your actual reference page.

References


Literature Today, 24, 138.

The title should be two spaces above the first entry and centered aligned.


Concerning the alignment of your entries…



Your entries should be LEFT ALIGNED and double spaced. The first line should rest on the margin. All following lines

should be indented. This is called a hanging indent.


Concerning list order:



Dennison, C. (2002). APA citation at its best.

Chronicle of Writing, 19, 24.

Entries should be listed in alphabetical order, by author last name.


Concerning punctuation:

Bass, M. (2005). The art of APA citation.


Dennison, C. (2002). APA citation at its

best. Chronicle of Writing, 19, 24.

Remember - Each information section is followed by a PERIOD, not a comma.

Congratulations!Congratulations!

You have completed a crash course on the basics of APA citation.

putting it all together essentials to using apa. the pieces of the puzzle the acronyms terminology...

Documents

apa slide

importance of citation

citation information

citation styles

acronyms terminology

structure of apa format

terminology separate

borrowing of information