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Dr. Anand Murti MishraDepartment of Anthropology and Tribal Study, Bastar Viswavidyalaya, Jagdalpur , Chhattisgarh

Dr. Bhawna BhadauriaDepartment of Political Science, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Dr. Poonam MishraDepartment of Physics, Government Kaktiya P. G. College Jagdalpur

Dr. Jaya GargDepartment of Humanities Oriental Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

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Dr. Arti MudaliarDepartment of Commerce Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Dr. Mahender SinghDepartment of Physical Science Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu,(Rajasthan), India

Dr. A. SelvarajDepartment of Commerce Gobi Arts and Science College, Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Richard RemediosPrincipal S.V.E.T Commerce, Management & IT College, Jamnagar, Gujrat, India

Annan Naidu PaidiDepartment Of Computer Science & Engineering Centurion University, Bhubhaneswar, India

Dr. Shrimati DasPost Doctoral Research Fellow from Northern Kentucky University, Professor, Department t ofEnglish Nehru College and Post Graduate Center (Karnataka University), HUBLI. INDIA

Dr. Pinnamaneni Bhanu PrasadAdvisor, Kelenn Technology, France Professor, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai

Prof. Sachin Madhavrao KanawadeDepartment of Chemical Engineering Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Nashik,Maharashtra

Dr. Arvind SharmaDepartment of Special Education UPVU Dr. Shakuntala Misra University (State University),Lucknow, UP

Dr. Bedanta Bora

Department of Management Studies Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology SMIT, East Sikkim,India

Dr. Anindita AdhikaryDepartment of Management Studies Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT), East Sikkim,India

Er. Yashwant KumarDepartment of Food Processing and Technology, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.

Abhishek GaikwadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Shepherd school of Engineering and Technology, SamHigginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Science , U.P.

Piyush Kumar PareekDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, KSIT, Bangalore

Dr. Venkatesh J.Department of Management Studies, Anna University , Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. A.C. Lal KumarDepartment of Education, G.E.T. College of Education, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Raju Ganesh SunderHead Center for Continuing Education and Professor (OB & HR) ,University of Petroleum andEnergy Studies, Dehradun.

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Dr.Thiyagu NagarajRegistrar International Non-Olympic University INOU, India.

Volume: 5, No: 2, March - April 2018

SrNo.

Content Page No.

1 Development and Validation of Three-Tier Multiple Choice Test for Conceptual Understanding in Momentum and CollisionFrank Angelo A. PacalaFaculty, College of Arts and Sciences, Samar State University, Catbalogan City, Philippines

1-7

2 Investigation on the Dynamic Performance of the Engineering MaterialsG. M. Mahmoud* , K.M. Khaled**, A. El Ebissy***, & E.Hasan**** National Institute of Standards, Tersa St, El-Haram, Box 136 Code 12211, Giza, Egypt

8-16

3 Professional Development Needs and Employment Satisfaction of Beginning Instructors of the College of EducationJohn Noel S. NisperosFaculty of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Philippines

17-28

4 Banking Sector"s Market Power Analysis In TurkeyFiliz Guneysu AtasoyDr, Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Alabama, the USA,

29-37

5 Cryptographic Voting System for Ballot Secrecy And VerifiabilityKristine T. SoberanoFaculty, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology

38-46

6 Determinants of Child Malnutrition in SudanDr. Jamal Eldeen Abd Elrazig Sulieman JomahAssistant Professor,Faculty of Science and Arts, Shaqra University- KSAFaculty of Administrative Science and Economics, University of Albutana, Sudan

47-56

7 Agnihotra’spower Aspect in Medicalalternative at Some Regencies In BaliW. Sayang YupardhiFaculty of Animal Science Udayana University, Jl. P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar,Bali 80232

57-61

8 Local Rabbit Performance Offered Diet Containing Different Level of Gamal Leaf (Gliricidia sepium) and Pineapple Skin (Ananascomosus L.Merr)Eny Puspani*, I.M. Mastika**, I.M. Nuriyasa***, & W. Sayang Yupardhi****Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University, Denpasar-Bali, IndonesiaJl. PB. Soedirman, Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia

62-67

9 Spatial Distribution of Criteria Pollutants in Klang Valley from 5 Monitoring StationsJabir Abdullah Hussein*, & Ahmad Makmom Abdullah**Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

68-92

10 The Effect of Level Dragon Fruit Peels (Hylocerus Polyrhizus) Fermentation in Against Productivity of “Kampung” Chicken 2-10Weeks OldNi Pande Made Suartiningsih*, Gusti A.M. Kristina Dewi **, & Dan I M. Nuriyasa****Master Prorgram of Animal Science, Udayana University**&***Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University

93-99

11 Impact of Cultural Diversity on Employees Performance in Select MNC’s in Coimbatore CityDr.M.Dhanabhakyam*, & R.C.Banumathi***Associate Professor, School of commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046** M.Phil research scholar, School of commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046

100-108

12 Organizational Transformation of Regional Secretariat in Ende Regency: An Approach the Four R’sPius MitheMaster Student of Public Administration Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan. Bukit Dago UtaraNo. 362 Bandung

109-115

13 The Interaction between Adam Bernard Mickiewicz and Frédéric François Chopin and G Minor BalladÇagdas Alapinar GençayAssistant professor, Music Department, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

119-125

14 Maintaining 6 % Expenditure of GDP on Education in India towards Universalization of Quality Education: An AnalysisBablu KaranM.Ed Student (2017-19), Vinaya Bhavana, Department of Education, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan. (W.B).

126-136

15 Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Cylindrical Pin FinNalinikanta Panda*, Manas Ranjan Mohanty**, Sumet Kumar Panda***, Swastik Kumar Panda****, & Vikash Kumar Saw*****,*Lecturer,Mechanical Engg., GIET Gunupur**Mechanical Engg., GIET Gunupur***Student, Mechanical Engg., GIET Gunupur****Student, Mechanical Engg., GIET Gunupur*****Student, Mechanical Engg., GIET Gunupur

137-142

16 Pre Service Teachers: Experiences in Teaching Junior High SchoolIris April L. RamirezBukidnon State University, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines

143-153

17 Linking Time Perspective with JobStress and Employee Retention; Mediation of Goal OrientationDr. Divya Shukla*, & Dr. Meena Madhavan***Lecturer-Faculty of Business Administration, St. Theresa International College, Thailand** Lecturer-Faculty of Business Administration, St. Theresa International College, Thailand

154-169

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach

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Local Rabbit Performance Offered Diet Containing Different

Level of Gamal Leaf (Gliricidia sepium) and Pineapple Skin

(Ananas comosus L.Merr)

Eny Puspani*, I.M. Mastika**, I.M. Nuriyasa***, &

W. Sayang Yupardhi****

Faculty of Animal Science, Udayana University, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia

Jl. PB. Soedirman, Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the performance of local rabbits given rations containing gamal

leaves and pineapple skin with different levels. The study used Randomized Block Design

(RAK) with five treatments and five blocks as replicates. The treatments were: diet without

using gamal leaf and pineapple skin as control (R0), feed used 20% gamal leaf and 10%

pineapple skin (R1), feed used 25% gamal leaf and 15% pineapple skin (R2), feed used 30 %

gamal leaf and 20% pineapple skin (R3) and feed used 35% gamal leaf and 25% pineapple

skin (R4). The variables observed in this study included: initial body weight, final body

weight, feed consumption, body weight again and FCR. The results showed that

Performance of rabbit offered diet R0 was not significantly different (P> 0.05) than R1, but

compared to R2, R3 and R4 were significantly different (P <0.05). It can be concluded that

the use of 20% of gamal leaves and 10% of pineapple skin does not affected the productivity

of local rabbits.

KEYWORDS: gamal leaf, pineapple skin, local rabbit, performance

INTRODUCTION

Expensive commercial feed is often becomes serious problem to farmers mainly small

holding farm. Part of row matter is still import from overseas. This condition cause feed cost

is increase, while capability of public to pay it is low, so this impact to the farmers. Nuriyasa

et.al (2016) stated that feed quality is much affect to the productivity of rabbit. Research

result of Nuriyasa et.al (2015) showed that rabbit performance feed fermented coffee skin

was better than control and diet that used unfermented coffee skin. One of efforts to

minimized diet cost is the utilization of gamal tree that grow fast, rich protein, so it is

potencial to use for rabbit basic feed. Abianto (2011) said that weakness of gamal as animal

feed is antinutrition i.e. tannin alcoloid that be able to tight protein. According to Iriani

(2015), the implication of the tannin is could be minimized with supplementation of protease

i.e. bromelin enzyme of pineapple skin waste (Ananas comosus L. Merr). Setyawati (2013)

said that the bromelin is protease enzyme that capable to hidrolized peptide compound in or

polypeptide to be simple molecule.

Rabbit development in society was conducted since longtime ago, but it population farmere

are still very low. From potential point of view, the rabbit is very potential to develop as

source of quality meat and it can be prepared faster than cattle. It needs smaller capital and

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area than ruminant. Schiere (1999) stated that rabbit farming development gave bigger

chance to fulfil nutrition needs of society due to the rabbit has some plus including : (1)

produce high quality meat, (2) could use agriculture and kichen waste products as animal

feed, (3) skin, feather, head, leg, tail, urine and faeces can be used to any needs. Nuriyasa

(2012) said that the rabbit is one of alternative animal that has big potential for developing to

fulfil need of animal protein of Indonesian society besides a source of farmers need. Reality

at this time is that the rabbit develomment cannot develop accordingly with indication of rare

farmers and animal population. Expensive price of commercial feed and low knowledge

about feed quality of farmers were one of some problems that must be finished soon. The use

of pineapple skin in diet based on gamal leaf can be expected as triger for developing rabbit

farming in Indonesia.

METHODOLOGY

Location and Legth of Research

The field research was conducted for 12 weeks at Dajan Peken Village, Tabanan District,

Tabanan Regency (50m dpl). Laboratory analysis was conducted in laboratory of Nutritions

of Faculty Of Animal Science Udayana University, and Science and Technology of Diet,

IPB.

Pen and Animal

The research used 25 pens :70 cm length, 50 cm wide and 45 cm hight (Nuriyasa, 2014). The

hight of pens floor was 70 cm. There was one rabbit in each pen, so that there were 25 rabbits

used in the research.

Experimental Design

All of ingredient were analysed proximately before the research was began. The design of the

research was Block Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 5 block. Each unit pen used

one rabbit, so that there were 25 rabbits used in the research. Treatments were used in the

research were diet without gamal leaf and pineapple skin as control (R0), diet with 20%

gamal leaf and 10% pineapple skin (R1), diet with 25% gamal leaf and 15% pineapple skin

(R2), diet with 30% gamal leaf and 20% pineapple skin (R3), and diet with 35% gamal leaf

and 25% pineapple skin (R4). Composition and nutrient content of treatments were presented

in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1. Composition of Ingredient

Composition

(%)

Treatment

R0 R1 R2 R3 R4

Gamal leaf 0 20 25 30 35

Pineapple Skin 0 10 15 20 25

Coconut mill 7,8 5 4 2 1

Fish meals 20 15,8 10.5 9 11

Cassava flour 20 11.9 7 1 1

Soybeans flour 8 5 6 8 6

Tofu waste 15 15 14 12 7

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Rice bran 1 1,15 8 4 1

Coconut oil 8 0 0 0 0

Molases 19 15 5 1 0

Mineral mix 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Bone meal 0.65 0.65 0.5 0.5 0.5

pollen saw 0 0 4,5 12 12

Total 100 100 100 100 100

Table 2. Nutrient Content of Diet

Treatment

Nutrient Content*

ME

(Kcal/kg)

CP(%) Ca (%) P (%) CF (%)

R0 2797,12 16,92 0,92 0,49 9,79

R1 2827,95 16,00 0,93 0,50 11,36

R2 2807,0 15,95 0,74 0,42 17,79

R3 2838,08 16,12 0,70 0,41 20,07

R4 2809,34 16,12 0,75 0,44 20,71

*Calculation based on Standard of scott et al. (1982)

RESEARCH VARIABLES

Feed Consumption and Drinking Water. Feed consumption and drinking water were

calculated each week where feed offered to the animals minus the rest.

Body Weight. The animals were weight every week to obtain weight gain per week. Before

the animals were weight, they were fasted for 12 hrs.

Feed Conversion. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated with comperation between

amount of feed consumption to weight gain during the research.

Data Analyses

Data that obtaned were analyzed with ANOVA, if there were significantly different among

treatments (P<0.05) the analyses would be contiuned to Duncan Multiple Range Test (Stell

and Torrie, 1980).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The initial weight of the rabbits were not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments

R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4 (Table 3). This showed that the animals used were homogen.

Treatment R4 produced the lowest final weight and weight gain compare to other treatments

that statisticaly was significant different (P<0.05) compare R3, R2, R1 and R0. The

presentation of antinutrition in gamal leaf could disturb metabolism in the animals body and

obstruct nutrient, so the nutrient that can be used to grow was less, therefore final body

weight and weight gain were lower (Abrianto, 2011). According to Lowry (1990), the

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weakness of gamal leaf basicaly is less palatable particulary on non ruminant. Low palatable

affects diet consumption level.

Data in Table 4.3 showed that the higher the gamal leaf and pineapple skin in diet, the lower

the diet consumption. Iriani (2015) stated that up to now antinutrition is still a problem

particularly to non ruminant. High Condensed Tannin (CT) content is a weakness due to

increasing of protein in its interaction canses decreasing of protein digestibility. Cannas

(2008) stated that tannin is also could formed complex carbohydrate, polysacarid, cellulose,

mineral, bacteria cell membran, digestive enzyme and disturbing amino acid absorption in

intestine. Iriani (2015) stated that the presentation of bromelin in pineapple skin be able to

hydrolized part of the tannin in gamal leaf. Table 2 showed that the higher the utilization of

gamal leaf, and pineapple skin in diet, the higher crude fiber of the diet. High crude fiber

content canses digestibility of dry matter diet of rabbit is geting lower and affects to

decreasing of feed consumption (Nuriyasa .,2015). Wainwrigt (2002) stated that cellulose is

the bigest component to compose cell membrane of gamal leaf and pineapple skin for about

40-50% that is very difficult digested by digestive enzyme of rabbit. So that,it must be

decomposed to be low molecule weight compound i.e. mono, di, and three sacharid.

Bromelin in pineapple skin that has not maximum hydrolized could help dry matter

digestibility of diet. Low feed consumption of treatment R4 caused total nutrient

consumption decrease and the growth of the animals was lower.

Table 3. Local rabbit performance fed diet contain gamal leaf and different pineapple skin

Variable Treatment

SEM3)

R0

1) R1 R2 R3 R4

Initial weight (g) 211,68a2)

212,78a 210,19

a 208,78

a 207,72

a 0,95

Final body weight (g) 1740,48a 1689,6

a 1605,75

b 1561,6

b 1460,75

c 16,62

Feed consumption (g/h) 65,60a 65,27

a 64,12

b 63,33

b 63,00

b 0,22

Weight gain (g/h) 18,20a 17,58

a 16,61

b 16,11

b 14,92

c 0,56

FCR 3,60a 3,71

a 3,85

a 3,93

a 4,22

a 0,12

1) R0: Diet without gamal leaf and pineapple skin

R1: Diet use 20% gamal leaf and 10% pineapple skin

R2: Diet use 25% gamal leaf and 15% pineapple skin

R3: Diet use 30% gamal leaf and 20% pineapple skin

R4: Diet use 35% gamal leaf and 25% pineapple skin

2) Value with the some letter showed non significant different (P>0,05) and viceversa

3) SEM : Standard Error of the Treatment Mean

Feed consumption on rabbit feed R0 was the highest = 65.60 g/day, but the animal fed R1 =

0.50% lower (P>0.05).the animal fed R2, R3 and R4 consumed 2.26%, 3.36% and 3.96%

lower (P<0.05) than the R0. Decreasing of feed consumption on increasing level utilization of

gamal leaf was due to the increasing the animal preference to gamal leaf was very low and

the higher the use of gamal leaf and pineapple skin, the higher the diet crude fiber content as

in Table 2.

Feed conversion was not affected significantly (P>0.05) by different level of gamal leaf and

pineapple skin. Treatment R0 resulted feed conversion = 3.60,while R1, R2, R3 and R4 were

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3.82; 3.75; 3.66 and 4.22 respectively. Feed conversion was not significant different among

treatments due to higher body weight and higher feed consumption, and not by higher level of

nutrient efficienly utilization.

CONCLUSION

From result of the research could be concluded that the utilization of gamal leaf up to 20%

and 10% pineapple skin were non significant different effected to local rabbit productivity.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Authors thanks to the Rector of Udayana University and the Dean of Faculty of Animal

Science, Udayana University, Denpasar for their budget offered through DIPA PNBP

Udayana University 2017.

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