public and audience research
DESCRIPTION
Mass Media in Romania vs PolandTRANSCRIPT
RESEARCH ABOUT INTERNET AND
TELEVISION IN THE LIVES OF YOUNG PEOPLE
ROMANIA vs POLAND
Ioana Ciobanu
Florentina Grosu
Adina-Florentina Cirmaci
Madalina Diac
Zuzanna Scroczynska
Contents
1. The realization of a questionnaire
2. Argument
3. The objectives of the research
4. The theoretical documentary about the topic
4.1The television- evolution and theoretical concepts
4.2 Television in Romania
4.3 Television in Poland
4. 4.Internet
5. Hypothesis
6. The population and the sample
7. The Questionnaire
8. Interpretation of the results
A.The results for the Romanian respondents
B.The results for the Polish respondents
9. Conclusions
10. Bibliography
Research about the TV and the Internet in the lives of
young people
1. The realization of a questionnaire
A questionnaire is a set of questions for gathering information from individuals. It can
be administered by mail, telephone, using face-to-face interviews, as handouts, or electronically
(i.e., by email or through Web-based questionnaires). It is a quantitative method of research.
The questionnaires are used in a research for:
Gathering data about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. Questionnaires are
helpful in gathering information that is unique to individuals, such as attitudes or
knowledge.
Finding out more information to complement or follow up a previous exploratory study.
The purpose of this may be to check the validity of previously collected data or
observations to enrich the overall results of a study.
Comparing responses in subgroups of a large population, such as knowledge about
different drugs, the type of drugs used, how much they cost, and so on.
When planning a questionnaire study, you must first make a number of decisions regarding
various aspects of the study and how it will proceed. These decisions will all have a major
impact on the implementation and success of the study.
1. Define your objectives. The most critical part of developing a questionnaire is defining
what you want from it and how you will use the information to answer your evaluation
questions. By taking the time to define the purpose and the objectives you will reduce
the likelihood of gathering unusable information.
2. Select the number and type of participants for the questionnaire. Selecting the type
ofparticipants is part ofdetermining the objectives.It is also important to decide if you
should include all possible participants or if a sample will suffice. This will depend on the
number of possible participants and the resources that are available.
3. Develop questions that clearly communicate what you want to know. That is why it is
important to follow some items when you create the questions:
-Use clear and simple words written at thereading level of the participants.
-Avoid using abbreviations, jargon, or colloquial phrases.
-The Question Appraisal System (QAS-99) is a method for identifying and fixing
communication problems in questionnaires before formal pilot testing (i.e., a preliminary test of
your questionnaire to make sure that intended participants understand and respond favorably to
it).
4. Choose the type of the questions
A questionnaire can contain two types of questions:closes-ended and open-ended.
First category questions include a list of predetermined answers from which participants can
choose (for example: “Do you have Twitter account?” “Yes/ No”). It is more easy to be
analysed.
The open-ended questions allow the participant to answer the question in their own words.
They are more difficult and time-consuming to analyze because you have to categorize and
summarize the answers.
5. Include demographic questions.
Questionnaires usually include demographic questions such as sex, race, age, education,
and where the participant works or lives. The purpose of these questions is to describe subgroups
of respondents. The demographic questions should be only those that are important for analysis.
6. Place questions in a logical order that flows well.
7.Pilot test the questionnaire. It is very important to know if the questions that you
created are helpful for the study so first, it is better to test apply the questionnaire for a
small group.
2. Argument
The research is based on finding the common things between two countries: Romania and
Poland, concerning the behavior of the consumers about television and Internet. Also about what
people believe about this two media, nowadays when the technology is growing up day by day.
One of the factors that made us choose Romania and Poland is that the both are located in the
same part of the Europe, in the East part. Another reason is that in both of these countries, the
communism period fell down in 1989. So, we want to find out the differences of the
technology`s progress after this period.
We chose the method of questionnaire for our research because we want to obtain some
quantitative information about the young people from these two countries. It is easy to apply it
because we choose the online version.
Another important aspect it is that we will use closed-ended but also open-eneded questions
in order to find opinions and aspects about the behavior of the consumers of media. This way we
will be able to approximate and to compare the behaviors of the two sides, to see common points
and differecences.
3. The objectives of the research
In realization of this project we started with searching of some answers begun with
questions like: “Where are spending more time the young people, in front of the TV or of the
computer?”, “Why they are chosing one of this instead of the other?”.
After our theoretical documentary we realized that the avalanche of the new technology
( Internet, smartphone, I-pad) created a new kind of person, that is looking for find in a easy way
information and that`s why is conturing a comfortable profile.
1. One of the objective of our research is to identify behavior of the young people about the
spending on TV or/and Internet;
2. Another one is to find the differences between these countries, Romania and Poland;
3. Another objective is to see how students use the free media, which are an important
element of the democracy;
4. Also, the researcher aims to identify which the most used media for finding news,
entertainment.
4. The theoretical documentary about the topic
4.1The television- evolution and theoretical concepts
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium that is used for transmitting and
receiving moving images and sound.
Nowadays, television has become the most popular media of human kind. It’s also the
indispensable device in daily life. By watching TV , people can see many things happened in the
surrounding world , therefore it help the people to catch and avoid being dropped back from the
world of information.
Beginning from the first one, the television is one of the most important invention in
transforming information history . From very long time ago, people had already known how to
transform information in many different ways but only when the first television programme was
broadcasted , a new age had begun , the age of image transformation. Television nowadays has
been very popular, and almost every family have the access to it. By sitting ideally at home ,
watching TV , you can get a whole look all over the world. The appearance of television and
television broadcasting enriches our entertainments . Many events and competition can be
watched “live” and many exclusive movies are presented as well (although it’s a bit late in
comparison with seeing those movies in the cinema) , but all are legal and you’re free to enjoy
them.
Furthermore , the television deserve considered as the unlimited source of information .
There are a lot of scientific channel which is suitable for all ages. Those are the fastest and
cheapest way to improve your knowledge. Today, Television specializes into many channels ,
each channel satisfies the different audience’s view such as news , sport, and film .
4.2 Television in Romania
In Romania the Television grew in the young lives very fast whereas the programmes are
more vasted. From sports channels to film, news and entertainment. Television was introduced in
August 1955. Over time followed a lot of transformation because of the period of the war and the
communism period. In that time television was controlled by the authorities and the programs
broadcasted were imposed by the government and these were provided from URSS. So, in this
manner Romanian television didn`t perfom and it was like a stationing period. And the average
of the transmission was two hours per day because of the Nicolae Ceausecu. After the fall of the
communism the mass media improved and the American programs captured the mass media.
Romanian programs, nowadays, are vasted: TVR1, the main channel of the public
broadcasters, ProTV, a MediaPro channel, the leading commercial station in terms of audience,
Sport.ro, the MediaPRO's sport channel, MTV Romania, the local version of the well known
music television, etc.
4.3 Television in Poland
The beginnings of television in Poland dates back to 1937 years, when Warsaw was
launched the first experimental television station. It was a public television station, where a
program is now called TVP1. Private television in Poland began to form in the late 80s and 90s.
The first operation of private television stations began with a local audience. The first
commercial television station in Poland, and also in former communist countries, PTV was local
Echo operating since February 6, 1990 to March 8, 1995 in Wroclaw.
Currently on the market are almost 200 Polish Polish-language television stations
nationwide broadcast primarily by satellite and cable TV, which has the character of a dominant
part of the thematic channels.
Polish television history until 1989 is closely linked with the history of Polish Television,
since the transformation was the only broadcaster in the Republic .. The first transmission of a
television signal carried out in 1931, Polish Radio in Katowice [6].
October 25, 1952 hour year. 19:00 started the first Polish television program. In
subsequent years, several television began broadcasting regional public television. October 2,
1970 was launched a second program nationwide. After the transformation in 1989, a private
television broadcasting started. February 6, 1990 roku been broken the monopoly of national
television has launched the first in Poland and also the first in the former communist countries
Private TV - PTV Echo, suitable in Wroclaw and the surrounding area to 8 March 1995.
in the late 90th century in Poland began to develop digital TV. In 1992 began the
issuance of the first satellite stations, and 1998 was launched the first two Polish digital
platforms: Vision TV and Cyfra +.
4.4 Internet
If we are searching about what means the Internet, we will find that it is a global system
where the computers are interconnected, using the same standards. If we are talking about the
origins, we should know that in 1960 the United States government built this concept. But after
years, you can find the concept of the internet all over the world. And in June 2012, more than
2.4 billion people have used the services of the internet.
For people all around the world is easier to stay in front of the laptop and to search for
something, or to speak with someone. Likewise, we prefer to buy smart phones and ipads. But
behind of all these things that we are buying, the main reason for why we are spending so much
time on these gadgets is the internet. We all think that the greatest invention nowadays it wasn`t
a bridge, it wasn`t a phone, it wasn`t a dress, but for sure it was the internet. Think about it. If it
wasn`t the internet, you should send letters to your family, to your friends. When was the last
time when you send a letter? Now, we can shop online, listen music easily on YouTube and also
you can win money if you are a good writer (from blogging), and of course many other things.
But like all the things in this world, the internet some important characteristics of using it.
The characteristics:
1. Faster communication
The best thing about internet is that you can talk with other people when you want. You
can speak in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the word, on
another continent, for example. Because of this you can have more friends, and talk not just in
your language. Actually you can improve your foreign languages with your foreign friends. For
example, we are ERASMUS. After this semester we will leave in our countries, and without
internet it gonna be a little bit hard to keep the relationships between us and other people. But
now, for sure we will talk more, and we will share opinions about everything.
2. Information
Because of the internet you can find easily a lot of informations about everything. It is
not necessary to go in a library if you want to read an article. It is not necessary to go in a
farmacy if you want to know something about how you can take some pills. If you don’t know
what or how to cook, you just have to give a click on GooGle and search for something.
3. Etertainment
This is another reason why people are using the internet. It is about games, or watching
on celebrities websites. The stars are using the internet also for promoting themselves, their
music, their live.
4. Social network
How our lives will be without Facebook, right now? Social network has become
so popular, maybe because a lot of people can be connected in the same time, and talk about
similar interests, changing opinions, ideas, find new things about other contries that you want to
visit. Social network is very important in people`s life just because of this: they can talk with
people that are not in the same city, country, you can see what happens with your friends life,
because sometimes it is a little bit expensive to call someone.
5. Hypothesis
Most of the time, the quantitive researches developed under the form of surveys try to verify
an hypothes already existed about the target. Our hypothesis were based on a preliminary
research about the evolution of the Internet and Television in these countries. So we analyse the
advantages and disadvantages of the both, the most important characteristics of the these media
telecommunications. Having in view the informations after the theoretical documentary, there
are the following hypotheses:
If in the period of the communism the media was restricted and the people have limited time
to access it, now they have more free time and spend it on activities on internet( reading news,
listening music, watching movies, socialize sites, etc.) and watching television programs.
If the channels on TV weren`t many in the beginning now there are a lot and vasted.
Having in view the fact that many people hadn`t access to the Internet because of the cost of
a computer, they spent it more time in front of the TV or doing more activities, but nowadays the
people prefer more the online space for spending time.
6. The population and the sample
The sample is a segment of the population studied, chosen to represent the entire population. When we choose the sample for a research, it has to be representative in order to have a correct estimation. In everyday life, but especially in scientific research we often make statements about all the objects from a category knowing just one of it - a peasant tastes only a few grapes to see if the harvest it’s riped enough to make the wine. It’s not necessary to taste all the harvest to decide if it’s time or not to start the preparation of the wine.
When we choose the sample, we tried to answer to the following questions:
Who is going to be researched?
How many people will be part of our sample?
Which are the main characteristic of our possible sample?
In our case, we choose to apply the questionnaires on hundred people- fifty from Romania and fifty from Poland, from different regions. The reason why we choose to talk about the Poland and the Romania is the progress of television and internet, both after the falling of the communism. We want to see how their behaviours are different and what makes them choose one program and not an other, or one activity on internet and not another one.
For our research, the samples from our targeted public will answer to a couples of questions about their behaviour regarding their favourite programs from television and their main activities on the internet. We assume that the sample we chose it’s representative and typical for the population.
The people who are part of the sample must be television and internet consumers, young people with the age between 18-25, with superior studies. We will not include people who are studying or have studied marketing, because this might affect the results of our research. The questioned people must be compulsory TV watchers and spend much time on internet.
7. The Questionnaire
Hello!
We are Florentina Grosu, Adina Cîrmaci, Ioana Ciobanu, Mădălina Diac and Zuzana
Sroczyńska. We are realising a study about the presence of TV and Internet in the lives of young
people from Romania and Poland in order to find similarities and differences betwen the two
countries. Please complete the questionnarie and try to be honest. This will help us to have a
realistic result. There is no correct or incorrect answer.
Thank you!
Do you use to watch TV?
o Yes
o No
Do you use Internet?
o Yes
o No
How many hours per day do you spent watching TV?
o 0-1h
o 2-3h
o 4-5h
o More than 5h
How many hours per day do you spent on Internet?
o 0-1h
o 2-3h
o 4-5h
o More than 5h
What do you like to watch on TV?
o Tv series
o News
o Talk-shows
o Movies
o Reality-shows
o Televised competitions
o Altele:
What do you like doing most online?
o Chat rooms
o Blogs
o News
o Music
o Internet TV
o Altele:
What part of the day do you watch TV? Why?
What part of the day do you surf on the Internet? Why?
Which one it is your favourite Tv Channel? Why do you like it?
Appreciate the utility of TV regarding the news (1-very bad, 5-excellent)
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4
o 5
But for entertaiment?
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4
o 5
Appreciate the uitlity of Internet regarding the news (1-very bad 5-excellent)
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4
o 5
But for entertaiment?
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4
o 5
Do you use to compare the information from the two sources?( If „Yes” justify your answer)
If you have to choose only one, what would you choose: TV or Internet? Justify your answer.
Sex:
o F
o M
Age:
Occupation:
Field of study:
Country
o Romania
o Poland
8. Interpretation of the results
The results for the Romanian respondents
Do you use to watch TV?
Yes68%
No32%
Do you use Internet?
Yes
How many hours per day do you spent
watching TV?
0-1h71%
2-3h12%
4-5h12%
More than 5h4%
How many hours per day do you spent on
Internet?
2-3h12%
4-5h36%
More than5h52%
What do you like to watch on TV? (multiple
answer)
News- 16 persons;
Reality shows- 10 persons;
Talk-shows- 8 persons;
Movies- 28 persons
Tv series- 14 persons;
Televised competitions- 10 persons;
Documentaries- 2 persons.
What do you like doing most online?
(multiple answer)
News- 26 persons;
Chat rooms- 20 persons;
Blogs- 18 persons;
Music- 32 persons;
Internet Tv- 2 persons;
Movies- 2 persons.
What part of the day do you watch TV? Why?
Morning- 4 persons; -for the news.
Afternoon- 8 persons;- for news, for relax.
Evening- 20 persons;- for relax, for entertaiment.
In the night-10 persons; - to relax.
The other persons are not watching TV.
What part of the day do you surf on the Internet? Why?
All day/ always- 22 persons; for job, to talk with persons, to find news.
Morning- 12 persons;- to read news, to talk with friends/ colleagues.
Evening- 10 persons; -to talk with friends.
Afternoon- 2 persons; to find informations.
Whenever I have time- 6 persons; to talk with friends, for fun, to find news.
Which one it is your favourite Tv Channel? Why do you like it?
Discovery Channel- 22 persons;
Animal Planet- 2 persons;
Prima TV- 2 persons;
Antena 1- 8 persons;
Pro TV- 8 persons;
TLC- 1 person;
AXN- 4 persons;
U Tv- 5 persons.
Appreciate the utility of TV regarding the
news (1-very bad, 5-excellent)
14%
228%
344%
416%
58%
But for entertaiment?
18%
28%
352%
424%
58%
Appreciate the uitlity of Internet regarding
the news (1-very bad 5-excellent)
212%
332%
436%
520%
But for entertaiment?
316%
444%
540%
Do you use to compare the information from the two sources?( If „Yes” justify your answer)
Yes- 24%
No- 76%
The reasosn for comparing thenes are because the TV news can be sometimes subjective. Other
persons are saying that the TV news are more credible, but there are also opinions that saying
that the informations use to be the same.
If you have to choose only one, what would you choose: TV or Internet? Justify your answer.
TV- 8%, because it’s more old and more credible.
Internet- 92%, because it’s has many options and the users can select the informations. Also,
because can be accesed anywhere and it is very easy for the lifestyle of the users.
The Romanian respondents are students with the age between 19 and 26 years. They are studying
Letters, Economics, Psichology, Philosophy or Engineering. 36 of the persons are girls, and 14
are boys.
Conclusions:
As we can see the Romanians are using TV and Internet in the same time, and the main
reasons are to find news, to have fun or to relax. Our hypothesis are truth, and people from the
generation of postcomunism period is using TV and Internet for the various content, and for a lot
of reasons.They are more appreciating the quality of the news and of the content for entertaining
from the Internet than from TV, and if they have to choose one for the majority the Internet is the
option.
The results for the Polish respondents
Do you use to watch TV?
Yes40%
No60%
Do you use Internet?
Yes100%
How many hours per day do you spent
watching TV?
0-1h80%
2-3h16%
4-5h4%
How many hours per day do you spent on
Internet?
2-3h12%
4-5h69%
More than 5h
20%
What do you like to watch on TV? (multiple
answer)
News- 28 persons;
Reality shows- 12 persons;
Talk-shows- 10 persons;
Movies- 32 persons;
Tv series- 16 persons;
Televised competitions- 4 persons.
What do you like doing most online?
(multiple answer)
News- 24 persons;
Chat rooms- 18 persons;
Blogs- 14 persons;
Music- 36 persons;
Internet Tv- 12 persons;
Movies- 0 persons; Work- 4 persons.
What part of the day do you watch TV?
Why?
Morning- 15 persons; -for the news.
Afternoon- 10 persons;- for news, for relax.
Evening- 25 persons;- for relax, for
entertaiment.
What part of the day do you surf on the
Internet? Why?
All day/ always- 30 persons; because they
have a conncetion, because they like,
without a special reason or in order to find
informations.
Morning- 5 persons;- to read news.
Afternoon- 2 persons; to find informations.
Evening- 10 persons; -to talk with friends,
to relax and to have fun
Whenever I have time- 3 persons; to talk
with friends, for fun, to find news.
Which one it is your favourite Tv Channel? Why do you like it?
TV24- 14 persons.
HBO- 3 persons.
Nathional Geographic-5 persons.
BBC Knowledge-2 persons.
Appreciate the utility of TV regarding the
news (1-very bad, 5-excellent)
119%
219%
352%
45%
55%
But for entertaiment?
15% 2
19%
343%
429%
55%
Appreciate the uitlity of Internet regarding
the news (1-very bad 5-excellent)
24% 3
20%
428%
548%
But for entertaiment?
212%
320%
440%
528%
Do you use to compare the information from the two sources?( If „Yes” justify your answer)
Yes- 44%; because they want to check the informations, they want to find more than the TV
presents, a complete information.
No- 66%.
If you have to choose only one, what would you choose: TV or Internet? Justify your answer.
TV- 4%.
Internet- 96% because it’s more adequate to their lifestyle, it is more complex and more
efficient.
The respondents are students and also software developers. They have the age between 19- 24
years old. The field of study is Jurnalism, Economics, Filosophy, Psichology or Design. 28 of
them are girls and 22 boys.
Conclusions:
The polish respondent prefer more the Internet instead of TV and they definetly will choose this
one for various reasons. Even if the appreciation of TV news or entertainment it is not bad, for
this the Internet has more option that are corresponding with their needs.
9. Conclusions
The both samples of our study are watching TV, and Internet, but for sure the number of hours spent on Internet it is bigger than the time spent on watching TV.
The Polish and Romanian people preffers to watch news and movies on TV. Also they seems to like the same type of content when they are surfing on the internet: music, news, and chatrooms.
Because they are watching TV few time it is hard to offer an answer about the part of the day that they are watching; mostly they are watching TV in the evening to relax. But, when it’s about the Internet the answers are more easy to offer and the majority of the Polish and Romanians users are spending time all day on the internet. The difference is that the Polish are more interested to find news and the Romanians to communicate with their colleagues and friends.
The both sides of our study are good appreciating the quality of the news from the Internet and also they think that they can find better entertainment than on TV. They use to compare the information from TV in order to have a complex point of view.
One of the most important conclusions, that prove our hypothesis is that the young people from the both countries would choose the Internet instead of TV. The democracy that comes after ’89 become more evident because the perception of the TV content is that “they give us informations”. So, the Internet is offering more liberty in searching and selecting the informations for the daily consum. We don’t know how the things will evoluate but the TV should try to do something to have a better cottation in the young people’s options.
10. Bibliography
1. Alexander, J.C. , The Mass Media in a Systemic, Historical and Comparative
Perspective, 1981;
2. Daniel, Sandru, Sorin, Bocancea, Mass-media şi democraţia în România postcomunistă,
Ed. Societate si Cunoastere, Iasi, Romania, 2011;
3. R. D. Wilmer, & J. R. Dominick, Mass Media Research: An Introduction (CA, US; Holly
J.A Publisher, 2006);
4. Rose, M. Kundanis,Children, Teens, Families, and Mass Media: The Millennial
Generation, , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003;
5. http://www.cdc.gov/Healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief14.pdf
6. http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/09/advantages-disadvantages-using-internet-2/