péter szűcs, balázs zákányi, tamás madarász, andrea tóth ... · péter szűcs, balázs...
TRANSCRIPT
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
Péter Szűcs, Balázs Zákányi, Tamás Madarász, Andrea Tóth Kolencsikné,
Éva Hartai, László Lénárt, Anikó Tóth
University of Miskolc, Faculty of Earth Science and Engineering
Geochemistry of geothermal fluids workshop
University of Miskolc, October 26-27, 2017
Mineral-, medicinal-, and thermal water resources in Hungary
Favorable conditions in the whole Carpathian Basin – outstanding opportunities in utilization
OGYFI – 248 recognized mineral water brands, 218 recognized medicinal water brands, 67
spas, 12 health resorts, 1 mofette
A zalakarosi
gyógyvíz
A mezőkövesdi
Zsóry Gyógy- és
Strandfürdő
Tapolcai
Barlangfürdő
Tiszaújváros K-
50 sz.
termálkút
Eger Városi
Gyógyfürdő
Hungarospa
Gyógyfürdő -
Hajdúszoboszló
Egerszalók -
Strandfürdő
Kationok [mg/dm3] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l]
Kálium, K+ 58 44 1.9 9.7 11.3 9
Nátrium, Na+ 1 810 218 9.2 1410 55.7 1530 59.6
Ammónium,
NH4+ 12 4.9 - 11.3 0.85 14.8 0.02
Kalcium, Ca2+ 136 370 101 13 151.7 8.6 86
Magnézium,
Mg2+ 47,5 52 11.9 6.4 15.6 5.4 19.7
Vas, Fe2+ 0,15 0.26 - 0.08 2.14 0.79 0.004
Mangán, Mn2+ - 0.18 - - 0.11 - 0.001
Lítium, Li+ - 1.58 - 0.2 - 0.2 -
Alumínium,
Al3+ - - - - - - < 0,02
Kationok
összesen:2016 690.92 124 1450.68 226.1 1571.09 174.325
Anionok
Nitrát, NO3-
- <1,00 1.3 - Nem mutatható ki - 1.2
Nitrit, NO2-
- <0,02 - - Nem mutatható ki - -
Klorid, Cl- 2 420 244 8 1128 20 1495 18.5
Bromid, Br- 6,5 1.43 2.3 0.22 9.8 -
Jodid, J- 5,4 0.19 1.2 0.022 5.5 -
Fluorid, F- 1,4 4.5 0.91 0.7 1.7 -
Szulfát, SO42-
121 17 5 - 50 37 67.7
Hidrogén-
karbonát,
HCO3-
1 650 1620 366 1920 586 1790 320
Szulfid, S2-
, S3- 2,9 14.6 - - 2.4 0.16 -
Foszfát, PO43- 0,12 2.4 - 0.32 - 0.25 -
Karbonát, CO32-
- - - - - 9 -
Anionok
összesen:4191 1904.12 380.3 3052.73 659.342 3348.41 -
Energetic thermal water production: around 55 million m3 /year
Around 50 million m3 /year thermal water production for balneology use
The importance of balneology research at the University of Miskolc
Mineral-, medicinal-, and thermal water resources in Hungary
Increasing mineral water consumption
The increasement and sustainable utilization of geothermal energy in Hungary Geothermal community heating: 250 MW capacity (Miskolc 60 MW , Győr 52 MW ) Geothermal energy in agriculture: 290 MW capacity
The geothermal potential of the producing medicinal water wells (around 250): 225 MW
Geothermal power plant capacity: one ongoing EGS project, 0 MWel
Mainly thermal water related (hydrothermal) projects can be expected in Hungary in the near future – the importance of hydrogeology
Sustainability issues and technical challenges in the main focus of the experts
(EGC, 2016)
DH - távfütés Agri - mezögazdaság Baln - termálfürdök Indiv – egyéni fütés
Geothermal heat production in the different countries of Europe
Dövényi et al. 1982
Estimated temperature at 5 km depth
Well-known fact – the geothermal energy potential is high in Hungary H' 1H1
DunaTisza
-5500
-5000
-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
-5500
-5000
-4500
-4000
-3500
-3000
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Ele
va
tio
n a
.s.l
. (m
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180
Szeged
H'' 1H2
90 9090
90
808085
85
85
95
95
95
95
100
100
100 110
110
120
120130
120
150
150
150
200
100050
0
1000
1000
500 200
150
120
100
100100
100
120
150
200
?
100
120
150
200
500
110
W E
Distance from western end of cross section (km)
50x exagerated elevation (m a.s.l.)
land surface
(vertical exageration: MhMv
= 10 )
hydraulic head contour (m a.s.l.)with direction of fluid driving force
top of Pre-Neogene basement with fault
120
-Deep over-pressured flow systems
originated from the Pre-Neogene basement
-Superimposed, shallower, gravity-driven flow system
„Unique natural groundwater laboratory”
József Tóth
Tóth and Almási 2001
450000 500000 550000 600000 650000 700000 750000 800000 850000 900000
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250Co
Temperature at the basin bottom
(Szanyi and Kovács 2007)
Simulated depressions in the Upper-Pannonian aquifers based the national scale flow modeling - Tóth Gy. 20120 Less than 10 % of the produced thermal water for energy purposes is injected back into the aquifers Our thermal water resources are not endless
Sustainability aspects
Overproduction of the Upper-Pannonian thermal water aquifers in Hungary
Geothermal Project of Miskolc – well parameters
MAL-PE-01 production well Depth: 2305 m Fluid temperature: 105 °C Yield: 6600-9000 l/min.
MAL-PE-02 production well Depth : 1514 m Fluid temperature : >90 °C Yield: 8 000 l/min.
KIS-PE-01 reinjection well Depth : 1737 m Receiving capacity: 1600 l/min.
KIS-PE-01B reinjection well Depth : 1093 m Receiving capacity : 5600 l/min.
KIS-PE-02 reinjection well Depth : 1058 m Receiving capacity : not a final result ~7000 l/min.
Miskolci Geotermia ZRt - Pannergy
Geothermal community heating: 60 MW capacity
Good example for sustainability – 100 % injection rate into a karst aquifer system
Concession application is required for the geothermal energy utilization bellow the depth of 2500 m in Hungary
Moderate interests from the potential investors
EGS geothermal power plant is proposed
Binary ORC geothermal power plant – around 9 MWe
Ongoing concession work by EU-FIRE at Battonya to build the first geothermal power plant in Hungary
Ádám László 2017.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
De
pth
(m
)
Concession areas
Battonya Ferencszállás Fertőd Gádoros Gödöllő Győr
Igal Jászberény Kecskemét Körmend Nagykanizsa Nagykanizsa-Nyugat
Ráckeve Sarkad Szilvágy Szolnok Zalalövő
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
17 different areas are delineated by the state
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
min max min max min max
Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Battonya
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
A zalakarosi
gyógyvíz
A mezőkövesdi
Zsóry Gyógy- és
Strandfürdő
Tapolcai
Barlangfürdő
Tiszaújváros K-
50 sz.
termálkút
Eger Városi
Gyógyfürdő
Hungarospa
Gyógyfürdő -
Hajdúszoboszló
Egerszalók -
Strandfürdő
Kationok [mg/dm3] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l]
Kálium, K+ 58 44 1.9 9.7 11.3 9
Nátrium, Na+ 1 810 218 9.2 1410 55.7 1530 59.6
Ammónium,
NH4+ 12 4.9 - 11.3 0.85 14.8 0.02
Kalcium, Ca2+ 136 370 101 13 151.7 8.6 86
Magnézium,
Mg2+ 47,5 52 11.9 6.4 15.6 5.4 19.7
Vas, Fe2+ 0,15 0.26 - 0.08 2.14 0.79 0.004
Mangán, Mn2+ - 0.18 - - 0.11 - 0.001
Lítium, Li+ - 1.58 - 0.2 - 0.2 -
Alumínium,
Al3+ - - - - - - < 0,02
Kationok
összesen:2016 690.92 124 1450.68 226.1 1571.09 174.325
Anionok
Nitrát, NO3-
- <1,00 1.3 - Nem mutatható ki - 1.2
Nitrit, NO2-
- <0,02 - - Nem mutatható ki - -
Klorid, Cl- 2 420 244 8 1128 20 1495 18.5
Bromid, Br- 6,5 1.43 2.3 0.22 9.8 -
Jodid, J- 5,4 0.19 1.2 0.022 5.5 -
Fluorid, F- 1,4 4.5 0.91 0.7 1.7 -
Szulfát, SO42-
121 17 5 - 50 37 67.7
Hidrogén-
karbonát,
HCO3-
1 650 1620 366 1920 586 1790 320
Szulfid, S2-
, S3- 2,9 14.6 - - 2.4 0.16 -
Foszfát, PO43- 0,12 2.4 - 0.32 - 0.25 -
Karbonát, CO32-
- - - - - 9 -
Anionok
összesen:4191 1904.12 380.3 3052.73 659.342 3348.41 -
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
min max min max
Upper Pannonian Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Ferencszállás
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
min max min max min max
Quaternary Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Fertőd
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
min max min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Mesozoic Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Gádoros
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4- H2SiO3
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
min max min max
Upper Pannonian Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Ferencszállás
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
min max min max min max min max
Miocene Oligocene Eocene Triassic (bedrock)
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Gödöllő
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
min max min max min max min max
Miocene Oligocene Eocene Triassic (bedrock)
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Győr
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
min max min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Igal
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ Mg2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Jászberény
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
min max min max min max min max
Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Kecskemét
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- SO4- NH4+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Körmend
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
min max min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Triassic (bedrock)
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Nagykanizsa
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
min max min max min max min max
Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic Paleozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Nagykanizsa-Nyugat
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
min max min max min max min max
Upper Pannonian Lower Pannonian Miocene Mesozoic
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Ráckeve
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ SO4- Mg2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
min max min max min max min max
Lower Pannonian Miocene Paleozoic Triász
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Sarkad
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+ NH4+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
min max min max
Upper Pannonian Creatic-Miocene
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Szilvágy
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
min max min max min max min max
Lower Pannonian Miocene-Paleogene Upper Cretaceous Lower Cretaceous
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Szolnok
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- Ca2+
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
min max min max
Upper Pannonian Creatic-Miocene
Co
nc.
(m
g/l)
Zalalövő
TDS Na+ Cl- HCO3- CaO NO3-
Typical composition of geothermal fluids at Hungarian concession areas
0 20 40 60 80
P [MPa]
-4500
-3500
-2500
-1500
-500
500
z [mBf]
P(z), Rétegnyomás - mélység összefüggés
EOV Y: 749000 m - 777000 mEOV X: 136000 m - 157000 m
Terület: Fábiánsebestény és környéke
st 9.8067MPa/km
Hidrosztatikus nyomásállapot
Fáb-4
Fáb-4
Oros-3
Nsz-3
Oros-1
Szentes-ÉK-1
Innovative complex scientific and engineering solutions are required to combat against nature
extremes (the example of
Fábiánsebestény, 1985)
Blowout depth: 3684 m
Temperature: 190.5 0C
Formation pressure: 712.26 bar
TDS: 29.1 g/l
Bobok, Tóth and Szűcs 2008
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions
Fáb-4. 1986. water sample
pH 7,70
Total hardness 991,04 g CaO/m3
NaCl 25,04 g/l
Ca(HCO3)2 0,82g/l
CaSO4 0,02 g/l
CaCl2 1,33 g/l
NaHCO3 0,00 g/l
Na+ 9852,19 mg/l
K+ 410,00 mg/l
Ca2+
616,17 mg/l
Mg2+
55,15 mg/l
NH4+ 14,02 mg/l
Fe2+
(Al3+
) 13,99 mg/l
Cl- 16039,60 mg/l
HCO3- 615,65 mg/l
SO42-
11,50 mg/l
Br- 4,300 mg/l
J- 8,40 mg/l
HBO2 780,74 mg/l
H2SiO3 820,95 mg/l
TDS 29,1 g/l
Mezőkövesd, Zsóry spa
Hydrodynamic relationship with
the Bükk thermal karst systems
Fotók: Dr. Lénárt László
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions
Photos: Dr. Lénárt László
Corrosion and scale problems because of the geothermal fluid compositions Mezőkövesd, Zsóry spa
Conclusions
Concurrent thermal water production in Hungary – balneology and geothermal energy utilization Valuable but not endless thermal water resources Diverse water chemistry – advantages in balneology Challenges in geothermal energy utilization – corrosion, scales and other technical problems Water – gas – rock framework interactions, pressure and temperature conditions – hydrogeochemistry No generalized solutions – locally specified technical solutions – chemicals (inhibitors), magnetic methods, etc.