Effects of nonparental care on Infants and ToddlersMelina Pajor

Terms

Nonparental care- any care given that is not from the primary caregivers Attachment- emotional bond to parent Enriched daycare- daycare that allows for children’s social, art, literacy,

physical skills and numeracy development

Historical Impacts

Women entering the workforce Employment Insurance Act which extended benefits

Difficult to study

Nonparental care is hard to study because there in no separation between the different care arrangements, in Canada they are all put together under the title nonparental care.

Does better care mean less issues in future?Yes however it depends on:

the type of nonparental care they are receiving, their genetic makeup how much time they spend with the primary caregiver outside of

nonparental care

Stress

Being away from primary caregiver causes higher cortisol levels in infants and toddlers

When reunited with caregivers cortisol levels usually drop to normal if child is not comforted then cortisol levels can remain high

Attachment Based Daycare

Infants not accepted until 9 months old For first few weeks babies and toddlers are accompanied by primary

caregiver Infants don’t start attending full time until they are 18 months old

Children who attend enriched daycares have higher IQ’s and better performance in school

More hours spent in daycares can lead to larger behavioral problems in elementary

Enriched Daycare

Belsky

Concluded that there are daycare and attachment are connected The attachment depends on community, societal and cultural

Different Views on nonparental care

The quality of the care is just important as the quantity of care The high level of cortisol can effect and infants brain which can lead to

problem behaviors

Positive and Negative view on nonparental carePositive ➡ High-quality care

Negative

➡ Poor-quality care

The relationship between positive and negative effects on nonparental care is very complicated. However, what researchers can distinguish is that high-quality care causes positive outcome and poor-quality care causes negative outcomes.

Relates Personally

I spent a lot of my childhood daycare I have a great relationship with my parentsbecause they made sure to spend lots of timewith me outside of daycare

Relates to Career

I would like to work in Early Childhood Education. I would be providing the non-parental care so it is important to know the effects that is has on children. That way I can do my best to minimize them.

References

Boyd, D. (2015). Social and personality development. In Lifespan Development (Fifth Canadian Edition ed., pp. 170-175). Toronto: Pearson.