psychology of thinking

8/12/2019 Psychology of Thinking

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PPYF 103 PSYCHOLOGY OF THINKING

THINKING INSTRUMENTS

TOPIC 2

HUSNI MOHD RADZI

CFGS

[email protected]


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Brain Building Block

Mature brain:1. 3 major division

2. 1.3 kg in weight(approx.)

3. 1+ trillion cells (Glialcells & Neurons)

4. Fueled by glucose(sugar)

Mature brain havelimited capacity to grownew neurons to replace,rewire, repaireddamaged after stroke,trauma or injury.

However bird able togrew new neuron everyyear (20 k of new wire)


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Glial cells:

It has 3 functions.

Provide scaffolding to guide the growth of

developing neurons and support mature neurons

Wrapping around neurons as a form of insulation

to prevent interference from other electricalsignal.

Releasing chemicals that influence neurons

growth and function.(Verkhratsky & Butl, 2007)


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Neurons

100 billion (or more) a brain cell with 2

specialized extension:

i. extension for receiving electrical signals

(afferent neuron)

ii. longer extension for transmitting electrical

signals. (efferent neuron)


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GENERAL NEURON STRUCTURE


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NEURONS PARTS

1. Cell body : soma Large egg shaped structure thatprovides fuel,

manufactures chemicals and maintain entire neurons

in working order.

2. Dendrites:

Branch like extension that arises from the cell body,

receive signal from other neuron, muscle or sense

organs and past these signal to cell body.


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NEURONS PARTS

3. Axon : Threadlike structure, extend and carries

signals away from cell body to other neuron, organ

or muscle.

4. Myelin sheath : Separate tube like segments

composed of fatty material that wraps around andinsulate the axon, preventing interference from

electrical signal generated in adjacent axon.


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NEURONS PARTS

5. Terminal bulb : Tinybubble located at theextreme end of an axonbranches, it stores chemical

called neurotransmitter,used to communicate withother cells.

6. Synapse: Small spaces

between end bulb and itsadjacent body organ (heart)muscle (head) or cell body.


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BRAIN REGIONS

Subdivide the cerebral

cortex into four lobes:

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe


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What do each of these lobes do?

Frontal Lobe -associated with reasoning,planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions,and problem solving

Parietal Lobe - associated with movement,

orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli Occipital Lobe - associated with visual processing

Temporal Lobe - associated with perception andrecognition of auditory stimuli,

memory, and speech


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BRAIN PARTS


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FOREBRAIN

Limbic system(amygdala &hippocampus):memories and emotion

Thalamus: relayinformation, regulatesleep

Hypothalamus: monitorpleasurable activity,influence endocrinesystem


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2. MIDBRAIN

Relay information

(vision and auditory)

Stereotypical behaviour

such as, walking and

sleeping and reflexes.


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3. HINDBRAIN

medulla- responsible for controlling breathing,

regulating reflexes, and maintaining an upright

posture of the body.

cerebellum - coordinating motor activity (fine

movements of the body)

Pons - responsible for monitoring sleep and

arousal by coordinating with the autonomic

nervous system.


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Human brain system


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So the neuron will passinformation in the form ofelectrical impulses to another

neurons until it reaches the brain.

The brain will process and send

back information through theneurons to the targeted organs,sense or muscle.

psychology of thinking

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