Psychology: Deterministic views

Mrs. Rugh2011

Review: Behaviorism

• Stresses that psychology should be concerned with the objective study of stimulus and response.

• Includes Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Thorndike• It specifically examines the role that

reinforcement & punishment play in determining behavior.

New:Psychoanalytic Psychology

• Founded by Sigmund Freud.• Asserts that unconscious desires and motives

influence human behavior.

Freud’s analysis on Personality

• The ID - is not restrained by reality and consists of our urges that seek our immediate gratification.

• Can you think of an example?

Freud’s analysis on Personality

• The Ego – Is responsibly for balancing the demands of the Id and the superego in order to help us deal with reality.– Relies on defense mechanisms that help us deal

with conflicting demands.

Freud’s analysis on Personality

• The Superego – our conscience, acting as our moral guide and balancing the demands of the Id and the Ego

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Denial – refusing to accept reality

Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Projection – attributing one’s unacceptable thoughts to others.

Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Reaction formation – acting in a manner opposite from one’s unconscious impulses

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Rationalization – justifying behavior with logical arguments

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Repression – Placing painful thoughts into the unconscious

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Regression – retreating to an earlier stage of development.

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Fantasy – fulfilling desire through imagination

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Compensation – emphasizing stronger traits in order to downplay weaknesses.

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Suppression – consciously ignoring painful memories.

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Sublimation – rechanneling impulses in a socially approved way.

• Can you think of an example?

What are the defense mechanisms?

• Displacement – shifting impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening target.

• Can you think of an example?

Together:Behaviorism & Psychoanalytic

Psychology

• Both of these approaches to psychology are deterministic: human behavior is determined by prior occurrences and we therefore DO NOT have free will.

Review: The Cognitive Approach

• This focuses on the study of memory, perception, language, problem solving skills, and other mental processes essential to understanding behavior.

• Jean Piaget & Noam Chomsky are most famous for this approach.

• Piaget proposed a 4 stage theory of cognitive development.

The Cognitive approach includes:

• The way in which our brain processes and represents emotions, intelligence, motivations.

• The ways in which we organize, remember and understand experiences during our lifetime.

More to come:

• The Humanistic Approach: Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers

• The Neurobiological approach: Roger Speery