Psychology

Chapter 6 Quiz ReviewThe Brain & Biology

Hormones

Hormones

• Chemicals produced by the endocrine glands.

• These are meant to regulate specific body functions such as stimulate growth and change your activity level and moods.

Somatic Nervous System

•

The Somatic Nervous System

• The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors, muscles, and skin

• Meant to transmit sensory messages to the central nervous system.

• Activated by touch, pain, change in temperature, and changes in the body position.

Autonomic Nervous System

•

Autonomic Nervous System

• Regulates the body’s vital functions• For instance, it regulates your heartbeat,

breathing, digestion, and blood pressure

Central Nervous System

Central Nervous System

• Consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and neurons.

• It is responsible for transmitting messages and controlling reflexes

• The spinal cord is a column of nerves about as thick as a thumb protected by bones

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

• Lies outside the central nervous system• It is made up of nerve cells that transmit

messages between the central nervous system and all parts of the body.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

• The part of the Autonomic System that reacts to stress

• Prepares the body for action• Prepares the body to confront the

situation or to run away• Increases blood pressure, heart and

respiration rates

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic Nervous System

• It restores the body’s reserves of energy after an action has occurred. Heart rate and blood pressure are normalized, breathing is slowed, and digestion returns to normal.

Forebrain

Forebrain

• Central Core of the brain—thalamus, hypothalamus, “higher thinking”

Midbrain

• Part of the brain stem with the medulla oblongata and pons

• Located above the pons• Collects sensory information and sends

it to other parts of the brain

Hindbrain

Hindbrain

• Rear base of the skull• Controls movement, posture & balance

Cerebellum

Cerebellum

• It rests under the cerebrum. It is involved in balance and coordination.

• “Little Brain”

Genes

Genes

• The basic building blocks of heredity• Traits are determined by pairs of genes,

with one genes in each pair inherited from each parent.

• Psychological traits involve combinations of genes, as well as environmental factors.

• Genes are found in chromosomes.

Pituitary Gland

• “Master gland” releasing hormones

Lobes of the Brain

4 Lobes

• Frontal Lobe—critical thinking skills• Occipital Lobe—vision• Temporal Lobe—Hearing• Parietal Lobe—Touch (temperature,

pain)

Corpus Callosum

Corpus Callosum

• Connects the 2 hemispheres of our brain and carries messages between them

Neuron

Neuron

• a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nerves

Axon

Axon

• Tube like structure attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body

Dendrites

Dendrites

• The branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body.

Cell Body

Cell Body

• The part of a neuron that produces the energy needed for the activity of the cell.

Myelin

Myelin

• A white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon and speeds up the transmission of the message.

Axon Terminal

Axon Terminal

• The smaller fibers that branch out at the end of the axon.

Synapse

Synapse

• A junction between axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron

• Messages travel in one direction• New synapses develop when we learn

something new

Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter

• Chemicals that are stored in sacs in axon terminals

What is the purpose for generating scans of the brain?

Scans of the Brain

• Scans are used to locate tumors, study psychological disorders, brain damage, early diagnosis of cancer and aid with difficult or intricate surgery

What is the difference between fraternal and identical twins?

Twins

• Fraternal twins are two separate embryos and identical twins were 1 embryo that divided

Where does our personality come from (think about the nature vs. nurture)?

Personality & Nature v. Nurture

• Different Psychologist argue if our personality is pre-determined in our DNA—but even identical twins have differences, which can be accounted for by our environment and experiences we have as individuals

What does the Autonomic Nervous System do?

What does the Autonomic Nervous System do?

• The Subdivision of peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions, such as respiration and digestion.

• The word autonomic means “occurring involuntarily”

• The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: The sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems.

• These systems generally have opposing functions

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do?

• Prepares the body by suppressing digestion, increasing the heart and respiration rates and also elevating the blood pressure.

• The sympathetic System reacts to stress: the parasympathetic system restores peace.

Right Brain

Right Brain

Left Brain

Left Brain