PROTOCOL FOR THE USE OF RECLAIMED WATER FOR FIRE-FIGHTING

Introduction The Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Districts) operate 11 wastewater treatment facilities throughout its service area. Seven of these facilities are Water Reclamation Plants (WRPs) that utilize a three-stage treatment process (primary sedimentation, secondary biological oxidation and clarification, and tertiary filtration and disinfection) to produce an extremely high quality effluent that is approved for many nonpotable applications, including structural and nonstructural fire-fighting.

For years, tertiary-treated reclaimed water has been supplied from the Districts' WRPs to a number of reuse sites for fire protection, always in conjunction with a beneficial, consumptive use of the water (i.e., irrigation, cooling towers, etc). It is extremely important that reclaimed water continue to be supplied as fire flows. In many existing and future reclaimed water use sites, the fire suppression system is tied into primary source of water, whether its for irrigation or industrial processes, because of fire requirements for storage and gravity flow. For example,

The fire system at Bonelli County Regional Park is connected to a five milIion gallon imgation reservoir located at an elevation to ensure gravity flow during power outages. The fire system at the Puente Hills Gas-to-Energy (PERG) power plant facility is connected to the cooling tower reservoir, which is, in turn, supplied by a 500,000 gallon reclaimed water storage tank that also serves that Landfill and its fire system. Rose Hill Memorial Park's SkyRose Chapel has its interior fire suppression system connected to the cemetery's one million gallon imgation tank located at an elevation to ensure gravity flow. In addition, the City of Burbank has supplied reclaimed water fire service to its Nature Center, the nearby Odyssey Restaurant and the Burbank Fire Department's helipad, all fiom a reclaimed water storage tank at an elevation to ensure gravity flow.

Therefore, in these cases, a separate potable fire service is not physically possible, unless the entire reuse site is converted back to using potable water. To abandon the successful use of reclaimed water and to return to using increasingly scarce potable water is in direct conflict with the mandate of the State Legislature. Not only has the Legislature set a goal of one million acre-feet of water reuse by the year 20 10, but has declared the use of potable water for nonpotable applications to be a "waste" and a violation of the State Constitution (see Water Code citations in Appendix A).

Health and safety concerns over the exposure of firefighters to the reclaimed water have been expressed by fire department personnel, not only in Los Angeles County: but in other states and countries as well. The goal of this report is to adequately address these concerns by detailing the regulatory oversight of the use of tertiary-treated reclaimed water, the quality of the reclaimed water being produced by the Districts' WRPs and the precautions necessary to protect the drinking water supply.

Regulatory Approval The State Department of Health Services (DHS) is the regulatory agency with the authority to regulate the use of reclaimed water, while being fully protective of public health. Such regulations are contained in the State of California's Water Recycling Criteria (commonly referred to as "Title 227, last revised on December 2, 2000. Reclaimed (recycled) water has been approved by DHS for use in both structural and nonstructural fire fighting, depending on the level of treatment. The following are the relevant sections from the California Code of Regulations, Title 22: Division 4, Chapter 3:

Section 60307. Use of Recycled Water for Other Purposes (a) Recycled water usedfor the following shall be disirzfected tertiary recycled water:

(4) Structuralfir-efighting.

(b) Recycled water usedfor thefollotving uses shall be at least disirzfected secor~daty-23 recycled water:

(2) Xonstructuralfir-efighting.

Reclaimed Water Quality and Safety Tertiary-treated reclaimed water, such as that produced by the Districts' W W s , is required to meet State and Federal drlnking water standards. Appendix B contains reclaimed water quality for the Districts' tertiary W W s for calendar year 2002, along with either the corresponding drinking water standard or water reuse permit limitation for comparison. Reclaimed water from the Districts' facilities meets these standards on a consistent basis.

The W W s are able to do this because plant operation is fairly constant and effluent quality does not fluctuate significantly. In order to demonstrate this, three basic parameters that are indicative of plant operation and final effluent quality. suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity, were examined for each of the W W s over a five year period from January 1, 1998 through December 3 1, 2002. The results of this analysis are presented for these constituents in Tables 1-3 below and graphically in Appendices C-E, respectively. The tables contain statistical data for each parameter: mean (average), maximum and minimum values, median (half of samples greater than and half less than this value) and the 99"' and 95'" percentiles (99% and 95% of the samples are at or below these values, respectively). The graphs for suspended solids and BOD also contain data for the concentrations of these constituents in the raw sewage entering the W W s .

Average removal of suspended solids in the Districts' W W s is greater than 99%, with average final effluent concentrations being 20-40 times lower than the daily maximum limit, and with even the maximum values recorded being between 3 and 11 times lower than the limit.

Table 1: Final Effluent Suspended Solids (mg/L) r 1 I I I I I

WRP

San Jose Creek East

San Jose Creek West

I Whittier Narrows I < 1 1 6 1 < 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1

Long Beach

Mean

< 1

< 1

Average removal of BOD in the Districts' W W s is greater than 97%, with average final effluent concentrations being 5-20 times lower than the daily maximum limit, and with every maximum value recorded being lower than the limit. It should be noted that the vast majority of higher than average BOD values occur during rainfall events: when runoff into the sewer system puts additional strain on the treatment process.

< 2

- - - - - - -

Valencia

Saugus

Max.

4

6

6

Note: Final effluent dailv maximum limit = 45 m d L .

- - - - - - - -

< 2

< 2

Min.

< 1

< 1

< 1

-

6

12

Median

1

1

2

< 1

< 1

99Ih Perc

3

3

9sth Perc.

2

2

4

2

2

3

4

4

4

3

Table 2: Final Effluent Biochemical Oxyqen Demand (mg/L) , I I 1 I I 1 I

I Long Beach 1 < 8 1 2 7 1 1 1 7 1 2 3 1 1 8 1

WRP

San Jose Creek East

San Jose Creek West

1 . If single outlier value for Pomona is removed,the maximum would be 14 mg/L. 2. If single outlier value for Valencia is removed, the maximum would be 33 rng/L.

Mean

< 5

< 6

Los Coyotes

Pomona ' Whittier Narrows

Valencia ' Saugus

The final effluent turbidity limit is 2 NTU, not 2.0. This is important to note since the Districts' test for turbidity is accurate to one decimal place, meaning that turbidity values up to 2.5 NTU are not exceedences of this limit. Therefore, over the five-year period being examined, only seven days had turbidity levels exceeding the limit. Of these, five occurred during the heavy rainfall of the 1998 El Niiio episode that resulted in increased plant flows leading to stressed treatment processes and the elevated turbidities. What this means is that only two out of 14,509 turbidity samples (0.01%) were exceedences due to the treatment process and not some externallnatural force.

Table 3: Final Effluent Turbidity (NTU) I I 1 I 1 I I I

Max.

15

17

Note: Final effluent daily maximum limit = 45 mg/L.

< 5

< 5

< 2

< 8

< 9

1 WIU' I Mean 1 Max. 1 Min. I Median I 99Ih Perc. I 95Ih Perc. I

Min.

1

1

16

> 25 (14)

10

44 (33)

36

1 LOS Coyotes 1 1 . 0 1 2 . 4 1 0 . 5 / 1.0 / 1.8 1 1 . 6 1

San Jose Creek East

San Jose Creek West

Long Beach

I ~ o m o n a ' 1 1.3 1 8.3 (3.8) 1 0.5 1 1.3 1 2.2 1 1.9 1

Median

4

5

1

1

< 1

1

1

I Whittier Narrows I 1.0 1 2.4 1 0.4 1 1.0 1 1.9 1 1.6 1

1.2

1.2

1.3

I Valencia / 1.2 1 2.7 1 0.4 1 1.1 1 2.1 1 1.8 1

99th Perc.

14

13

4

4

2

7

8

95Ih Perc.

11

10

3.4

2.5

2.3

As for microorganisms, the tertiary-treated reclaimed water is also deemed to be essentially "pathogen- free" by the State DHS and has also been approved for such high human contact uses as food crop irrigation [Title 22 $60304(a)(l)] ? full-body contact [§60305(a)] and groundwater recharge (indirect potable reuse) [$60320]. Long-term monitoring and extensive research by the Districts have demonstrated that tertiary-treated reclaimed water does not contain detectable numbers of viable bacteria, virus or protozoan parasites (i.e., Giardin and Cryptosporidium).

12

12

5

3 0

30

Saugus '

9

10

4

18

18

0.5

0.6

0.6

Note: Final effluent daily average operating limit = 2 KTU. 1. If single outlier value for Pomona is removed, the maximum would be 3.8 NTU. 2. If single outlier value for Saueus is removed. the maximum would be 2.4 KTU.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

6.0 (2.4)

2.3

2.1

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

0.3 1.1 1.9 1.6

Daily bacteriological results, consisting of total coliform counts taken over the same five-year period of January 1, 1998 through December 3 1, 2002 are presented in Tables 4 and graphically in Appendix F. Total coliform bacteria are used as an "indicator" organism, because they exist in huge numbers in raw sewage and are millions of times more plentiful than "pathogenic," or disease-causing bacteria. Reducing total coliform bacteria from the millions down to non-detectable levels ensures that pathogenic bacteria are completely eliminated. The most stringent limits for effluent total coliform are a 7-day median of 2.2 organisms per 100 rnL, with no sample exceeding 23 per 100 mL in any sample. For all of the Districts' tertiary WRPs, only 13.1% of the 14,564 samples had any detectable coliform bacteria, only 0.4% had more than 2 coliform bacteria per 100 mL and only 0.03% (four samples) were above the daily maximum limit of 23 per 100 mL.

Table 4: Final Effluent Total Coliform I I I I I 1

SanJoseCreekWest 1 1826 1 18 1 < I 1 321 1 17.6 1 5 1 0.3 1

WRP

San Jose Creek East

I LOS Coyotes 1 1826 1 22 1 < 1 1 291 1 15.9 / 6 1 0.3 1

No. of Samples

1826

Long Beach

I ~ o m o n a 1 1797 1 28 / < 1 1 325 1 18.1 1 16 1 0 . 9 1

Maximum

1826

Whittier Narrows

A complete summary of the historic record of virus sampling for all of the Districts' tertiary WRPs from 1979 to samples completed through March 2003 is presented in Appendix G. This monitoring program has yielded only two positive samples (one each at the Saugus and Valencia WRPs) in 1,182 samples (328,642 gallons) taken and analyzed. To illustrate this virtual absence of detectable virus, if one were to directly consume two liters of reclaimed water per day (which, of course, is not allowed), the chance of being exposed to a single virus is roughly once every 850 years.

Median

13

Valencia

Saugus

The Districts have been investigating the protozoans Giardia and Cyptosporidizmz since 1995. The cysts and oocysts, respectively, of both organisms (their form when outside the host organism's body) are large enough to be seen with a microscope. Very small numbers of Giardia and Ctyptosporidizun have been found in reclaimed water; however, morphological and vital-stain microscopic analyses have found that over 97% of the Giardia cysts were confirmed as non-viable. Furthermore, the levels of possibly viable Giardia cysts remaining were at or below the levels found in surface water supplies. Follow-up live- animal tests performed by Tufts University using Districts' reclaimed water confirmed that any remaining Giardia cysts were non-infective and suggested that very few, if any, Giardia cysts leaving the treatment plant are capable of causing disease. Currently, the Districts are in the process of determining the viability of any Ctyptosporidiuin oocysts remaining in the final effluent.

181 1

Treatment Plant Reliability To insure that its WRPs meet all applicabIe requirements, produce high quality effluent and completely inactivate microorganisms that might leave the treatment facilities (e.g., viruses, bacteria, protozoan cysts), numerous measures have been employed by the Districts.

Positives

Organisms 1 100 mL

< 1

1826

1826

No. > 21100 mL

3

42

No.

209 < 1

227

5

40

O h

11.4

Xo.

1

< 1

Yo

0.1

12.4

< 1

< 1

28 1

6

147

104

0.3

--

15.5

8.1

5.7

9 0.5

4

8

0.2

0.4

The WRPs are operated by highly qualified and experienced plant operators, with the Plant Supervisors and Superintendents being state certified at Grade IV or V (V being the highest possible level), with 20-30 years experience. It is this extensive experience that allows for all of the Districts' tertiary treatment facilities to maintain a consistently high effluent quality during normal operation and for rapid, appropriate and effective responses to extraordinary or emergency situations that threaten effluent quality.

Real-time monitoring of critical parameters, a comprehensive alarm system and 24-hour oversight by plant operators (either on-site or at a neighboring WRP) are in effect. Setpoints and time delays for the various alarms are determined by the operational experience obtained at each plant and are occasionally changed as changing operational conditions dictate.

Conversion all of Districts' L W s to the computerized Distributed Control System to allow for full control of the treatment process from a computer terminal and to allow for early identification of treatment process or effluent water quality trends. Problems in the treatment process that are identified early can be corrected much more readily than if the conditions are allowed to degrade to the alarm point.

Turbidity alarms for secondary, filter and final effluent are set at various levels and with different delay periods depending on the operational needs of each of the plants. Each alarm allows for potential effluent quality problems to be identified at several critical points in the overall treatment process.

A set of procedures is in place for addressing alarm conditions, notifying supervisors and taking corrective actions, although the specific actions must be determined after analyzing the alarm condition. Such corrective actions that benefit the tertiary treatment process may actually occur at other points in the overall treatment process. Typically, degradation of water quality first manifests itself in the secondary treatment process; therefore, the plant operators have several hours before effluent that may not meet the discharge or reuse criteria leaves the plant.

Preventive maintenance is performed to insure that all critical equipment, even that which is not in everyday use, is available for service when needed.

General emergency procedures are in place for dealing with storm events, earthquakes, power failures, fires and other disasters, all of which have occurred at one time or another.

Public health and environmental effects are minimized by (a) diverting effluent that does not meet water reclamation requirements away from such uses by shutting down pumps or notifying affected parties, (b) diverting inadequately treated effluent back to the sewer system for treatment downstream, or (c) if all else fails, discharging partially treated effluent to the river, rather than risk raw sewage spills. Certain conditions that are monitored real-time and that could even poteiztially result in a violation would initiate an immediate shutdown of all deliveries of reclaimed water from direct, nonpotable reuse. Specifically, these conditions are color in the effluent, a filter bypass or a severe, consistent increase in filter effluent turbidity (as evaluated at the time by the plant operators and supervisors).

Fire Enqine Post-fire Procedures Fire hydrants supplied with reclaimed water must be clearly identified by purple paint, signs, tags, stencils or other such labeling. Therefore, firefighters who connect up to a fire hydrant supplied with reclaimed water will be made aware of the source water.

Since fire engines could possibly use their 500-gallon on-board tank to distribute drinking water during civil emergencies, this tank must, as an additional safety precaution, be disinfected following the use of reclaimed water for fire fighting. The following procedure has been adopted and used by the City of Burbank Fire Department and was approved of by the State DHS in a letter to the City dated June 20, 1996:

Fire personnel must not drink the reclaimed water. Drain all reclaimed water from the pumper tanks. Rinse all fittings, hose and tank with potable (drinking) water. Fill tanks with chlorinated water using one gallon of chlorine bleach (5-%% sodium hypo- chlorite) from an unopened container per 500 gallons of water. Hold for at least 30 minutes. Drain chlorinated tank (if draining to storm drain, dechlorinate first with 0.4 pound of sodium sulfite or 0.3 pound of sodium thiosulfate per 500 gallons). Refill pumper tank with potable water.

If another fire emergency prevents the full disinfection time of 30 minutes, as a minimum require- ment, the tank must be drained of all reclaimed water before connecting to a potable hydrant.

It must be emphasized that these cleaning and disinfection procedures are not strictly reclaimed water requirements, but must be followed whenever any nonpotable water source has been used by thepurttper tofigltt afire. Such other sources include, but are not limited to, swimming pools, natural or manmade waterways, ornamental lakes and irrigation ponds or canals.

Firefighter Turn-out Coats

Tertiary-treated effluent is colorless. odorless and tasteless as it leaves the treatment plant. In the previously discussed cases where the fire suppression system is integrated with the irrigation system or industrial process, the reclaimed water is constantly being used and replaced, so that it is not allowed to stagnate and produce odors (as any water supply would do if left in a tank or pipeline too long). Reclaimed water use is not expected to impart any more of an odor on the turn-out coats than potable water supplies, and would have much less of an impact in this area than either the use of other nonpotable water sources used for fire-fighting (e.g., irrigation ponds) or the various materials that might be burning (e.g., rubber tires, chemicals, etc.).

Fire Sprinkler Systems in Buildinqs It is recommended that fire sprinkler systems in buildings that are to be supplied with reclaimed water be of the "dry" variety. That is, the pipelines in the building that supply the sprinkler heads are empty until sensors detect the presence of a fire, actuating a valve outside the building that connects the reclaimed water supply system to the sprinkler system. Thus, the sprinkler system is only charged when it is needed, if ever. Following activation and the suppression of the fire, the system is drained and then reset. This avoids any problems with reclaimed water sitting in sprinkler system pipes for extended periods of time, most notably a slime growth that tends to clog the pipes. A dry system also eliminates concerns about microbially induced corrosion (MIC) in the fire suppression piping system or other problems with the sprinkler heads.

Recommendations

Based on the information contained in this report, the Districts make the following recommendations:

The County of Los Angeles Fire Department should formally approve the use of tertiary- treated reclaimed water for all fire-fighting applications, based on the reclaimed water meeting drinking water standards, being pathogen-free, being of a consistent quality, being mandated by State legislation and being adequately regulated by the State Department of Health Services for this use.

The Fire Department should adopt, as a standard operating procedure, the post-fire tank cleaning procedures outlined in this report, whenever any water is used that does not originate in a potable water fire system.

A copy of this report should be made available to every fire station.

Building fire-suppression systems that are to be connected to a reclaimed water supply should be of the "dry" variety, and not charged with reclaimed water until a fire is detected in the building.

If independent verification of the information contained in this document is desired by the Fire Department, the names and qualifications of two, well-hown water reuse experts are included as Appendices H and I. The Districts will work with either expert selected by the Fire Department.

APPENDIX A CALIFORNIA WATER CODE CITATIONS

13550. (a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that the use of potable domestic water for nonpotable uses, including, but not limited to, cemeteries, golf courses, parks, highway landscaped areas, and industrial and irrigation uses, is a waste or an unreasonable use of the water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution if recycled water is available which meets all of the following conditions, as determined by the state board, after notice to any person or entity who may be ordered to use recycled water or to cease using potable water and a hearing held pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 648) of Chapter 1.5 of Division 3 of Title 23 of the California Code of Regulations:

1355 1. A person or public agency, including a state agency, city, county, city and county, district, or any other political subdivision of the state, shall not use water from any source of quality suitable for potable domestic use for nonpotable uses, including cemeteries, golf courses, parks, highway landscaped areas, and industrial and irrigation uses if suitable recycled water is available as provided in Section 13550; however, any use of recycled water in lieu of water suitable for potable domestic use shall, to the extent of the recycled water so used, be deemed to constitute a reasonable beneficial use of that water and the use of recycled water shall not cause any loss or diminution of any existing water right.

13552. The amendments to Sections 13550 and 1355 1 of the Water Code made during the first year of the 1991 -92 Regular Session are not intended to alter any rights, remedies, or obligations which may exist prior to January 1 > 1992, pursuant to, but not limited to, those sections or Chapter 8.5 (commencing with Section 1501) of Part 1 of Division 1 of the Public Utilities Code.

13552.2. (a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that the use of potable domestic water for the irrigation of residential landscaping is a waste or an unreasonable use of water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution if recycled water, for this use, is available to the residents and meets the requirements set forth in Section 13550, as determined by the state board after notice and a hearing.

(b) The state board may require a public agency or person subject to this section to submit information that the state board determines may be relevant in making the determination required in subdivision (a).

13552.6. (a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that the use of potable domestic water for floor trap priming, cooling towers, and air-conditioning devices is a waste or an unreasonable use of water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution if recycled water, for these uses: is available to the user, and the water meets the requirements set forth in Section 13550, as determined by the state board after notice and a hearing.

(b) The state board may require a public agency or person subject to this section to submit information that the state board determines may be relevant in making the determination required in subdivision (a).

13553. (a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that the use of potable domestic water for toilet and urinal flushing in structures is a waste or an unreasonable use of water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution if recycIed water, for these uses, is available to the user and meets the requirements set forth in Section 13550, as determined by the state board after notice and a hearing.

(b) The state board may require a public agency or person subject to this section to furnish whatever information may be relevant to making the determination required in subdivision (a).

(c) For the purposes of this section and Section 13554, "structure" or "structures" means commercial, retail, and office buildings, theaters, auditoriums, schools, hotels, apartments, barracks, dormitories, jails, prisons, and reformatories, and other structures as determined by the State Department of Health Services.

(d) Nothing in this section or Section 13554 applies to a pilot program adopted pursuant to Section 13553.1.

APPENDIX B

RECLAIMED WATER QUALITY TABLES 2002

SAN JOSE CREEK EAST WATER RECLAMATION PLANT

I I Constituent

Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Total Organic Carbon Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Zmc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio Conductivitv

Units

NTU org./100 mL

deg. F mg/L ml/L mg/L m g/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

umhos/cm

Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 2 3 100 45 0.1 750

45

10

1.6

250 250

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.01 5 0.05

2 0.1

0.05 10

5

0.5 15

Mean 6.94

Maximum 7.2

Minimum 6.5

SAN JOSE CREEK WEST WATER RECLAMATION PLANT

I! - -

Constituent

Turbidity Total Coliform Tem perature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Total Organic Carbon Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org.1100 mL

deg. F mg/L ml/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L m g/L

Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 15 .

0.1 750

20

10

1.6

250 250

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.01 5 0.05

2 0.1

0.05 10

5

0.5 15

Mean 7.09

Maximum 7.4

LONG BEACH WATER RECLAMATION PLANT Final Effluent Quality - 2002

I Constituent

Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper l ron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Silicon (Si02) Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org./100 mL

deg. F mg/L ml/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L ug/L mg/L mg1L mg/L ug/L mg1L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mglL

um hoslcm

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 45 0.1

1000

4 5

10

1.6

250 250

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.01 5 0.05

2 0.1 0.05

10

5

0.5 10

Mean 7.32

Maximum 7.7

Minimum 6.5

LOS COYOTES WATER RECLAMATION PLANT Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Constituent

pH Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Silicon (Si02) Silver Sodium ;Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org.1100 mL

deg. F mg/L mllL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mg/L mg1L mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mglL mg/L mg/L mglL mglL uglL mg/L mg/L m glL mglL mglL ug/L mg/L mg1L mg1L uglL mg/L mg/L mg1L uglL mglL mg/L mg/L

um hoslcm

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 45 0.1

1000

4 5

10

1.6

250 250

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.015 0.05

2 0.1 0.05

10

5

0.5 15

Mean 7.16

Maximum 7.6

POMONA WATER RECLAMATION PLANT Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Constituent 7 Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Total Organic Carbon Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Selenium Silicon (Si02) Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org./100 mL

deg. F mglL mllL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L m g/L m g/L mg/L m g/L m g/L m g/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug1L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mglL mg/L

um hoslcm

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 45 0.1 750

45

~p

Mean 7.34

Maximum 7.7

Minimum 6.8

Note: Chloride limit is set lower due to possible reclaimed water impacts on groundwater during irrigation.

WHITTIER NARROWS WATER RECLAMATION PLANT

Constituent

Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Total Organic Carbon Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org./100 mL

deg. F mg/L ml/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mglL mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mglL mg/L mg/L uglL mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

umhos/cm

Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 45 0.1 600

45

10

1.6

100 150

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.015 0.05

2 0.1

0.05 10

5

0.5 10

Mean 7.31

Minimum 7.1

VALENCIA WATER RECLAMATION PLANT Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Constituent

Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper l ron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TlCH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

Units

NTU org./100 mL

deg. F mglL mllL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mg1L mg/L mg/L mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL mglL uglL mglL mg1L mg/L mg/L mglL uglL mglL mglL uglL mglL mglL mglL uglL mglL mglL mglL

um hoslcm

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 45 0.1

1000

4 5

10

1.6

300 450

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.01 5 0.05

2 0.1

0.05 10

5

0.5 10

Mean 7.22

Maximum 8.2

Minimum 6.9

SAUGUS WATER RECLAMATION PLANT Final Effluent Quality - 2002

Turbidity Total Coliform Temperature Suspended Solids Settleable Solids Total Dissolved Solids Total COD Total BOD Ammonia Nitrogen Organic Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Phosphate (P04) Fluoride Cyanide Chloride Sulfate Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Calcium Magnesium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Sodium Thallium Zinc TICH Phenols Detergents (MBAS) Oil and Grease Sodium Adsorption Ratio

I Units

NTU org.1100 mL

deg. F mg/L mllL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L ug/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

um hoslcm

Constituent

PH

Limit 6.0-9.0

2 23 100 4 5 0.1

1000

45

10

1.6

300 450

0.05 1

1.5 5

0.05 1.3 0.3

0.01 5 0.05

2 0.1

0.05 10

5

0.5 10

Mean 7.37

--

Maximum 7.7

Minimum 7.1

APPENDIX C

GRAPHS OF FINAL EFFLUENT SUSPENDED SOLIDS 1998-2002

SAN JOSE CREEK WEST Suspended Solids

Date

I ZOI Cl t C

Z011/6

ZOI CIL

201 CIS

201 LIE

201 CI 1

LO/ CI6

ZOICI2 C

101 116

ZOICIL

ZO/l/S

201 LIE

ZOI lf

COlClC C

LO/ lJ6

COIlIL

101215

10/b/€

LO/C/l

00/LIl L

001 116

ow,, g 001 CR

001 LIE

0011.I C

66lL/lL

661 1 I6

661 t lL

66/C/S

661112

66/11 1

86Illt 5

861 116

861 CIL

861 CR

861 2/€

861 11 1

ZOltlC L

201 116

201 CIL

201 CIS

201 t/€

201 C I C

LOICIC 1

tOIl.16

101 11L

COltR

10/1/€

to/ l / C

00111b 1

W 116 B

00/1./L g ow 11s 001 CIC

OO/C/ 1

66111CC

661 1te

661 CIL

66111E

661 LIE

661 11 1

86IWCL

861 C l s

861CIL

861 CIS

W l I €

861 11 1

APPENDIX D

GRAPHS OF FINAL EFFLUENT BOD 1998-2002

LONG BEACH WRP Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Date

LOS COYOTES WRP Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Date

POMONA WRP Biochemical Oxygen Demand

APPENDIX E

GRAPHS OF FINAL EFFLUENT TURBIDITY 1998-2002

SAN JOSE CREEK WRP EAST Final Effluent Turbidity

Date

APPENDIX F

GRAPHS OF FINAL EFFLUENT TOTAL COLIFORM 1998-2002

l l W l l

l U OOC lad *ON

'I' - - ' - - , . . . -

APPENDIX G

TABULAR SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL WRP VIRUS DATA

1979-2003

5urnmary of WRP Historic Virus Data

No. of Sample:

Mean Maximum Minimum Median

Mean Maximum Minimum Median

Maximum Minimum Mean 1 Maximum Minimum Mean I

Mean Maximum Minimum

Mean Maximum Minimum Median

Mean Maximum Minimum Median

Maximum Minimum Mean 1

Sample Total Coliform Sample Secondary Final Turbidity Residual Volume Virus Daily Sample Fecal Turbidity Sample 24 Hr. Chlorine

Grab Grab Coliform Grab Composite Grab Gallons IUIgal No.1100 ml NTU mg/L

EAST (In9 -2103) . 62,513 1 1

280 < 0.004 3.2 1.3 1.7 4.5 500 < 0.025 13 240 8 22.5 17.0 9.3 11.9 40 < 0.001 < 1 < 0.44 < 0.40 1.4 0.4 0.5 1.8

< 1 < 2 < 2 NEST (1 194 - 2/03]

16,014 297 < 0.003 2.5 0.9 1.3 3.5 330 < 0.006 3 8 2 3.8 2.0 2.1 6.7 200 < 0.003 < 1 < 0.40 < 0.40 1.5 0.2 0.7 2.1

< 1 < 2 < 2 B 11/79 -2I03) 57,688

279 < 0.004 3.5 1.4 1 4 3.9 500 < 0.010 16 1,600 17 26.0 6.8 2 4 11.8 100 < 0.001 < 1 < 0.44 < 0.40 1.2 0.3 0 5 1.4

< I < 2 < 2 2/03 j 62,391

300 < 0.004 3 1 1 .O 1.1 4.1 500 < 0 050 28 110 23 9 0 6.7 2 4 8.4 20 < 0.002 < 1 < 2 < 2 1 4 0.1 0.4 1.5

APPENDIX H

QUALIFICATIONS OF EDWARD G. MEANS SENIOR VICE-PRESIDENT

McGUIRE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.

McGuire Environmental Consultants, Inc. (949) 723-8830 Business (949) 723-8835 Direct (949) 723-883 1 FAX en~eans@.mcguireinc.com 3471 Via Lido, Suite 207 Newport Beach, CA 92663

Edward G. Means III Senior )'ice Pwsiden t

B.A., University of California, Irvine Irvine, California (Honors 1977)

M.A., University of California, Irvine (1980)

Professional Management Program, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Southern California (1 987)

McGuire Environmental Consultants, 1nc.- Sr. Vice President, Januarv 1999 to Present

Mr. Means is Sr. Vice President of lMcGuire Environmental Consultants. His areas of expertise include the performance of water quality management assessments, development and implementation of long-range utility water resource, quality and management strategieslplans, and the conduct of laboratory management evaluations. He provides services to water utilities in the areas of regulatory compliance including the Microbial/Disinfection By-products (MIDBP) rule cluster, the Arsenic rule, the Radon rule, and the Groundwater rule. He developed and conducted nationwide training on the IMIDBP rule for the American Water Works Association. He was recently project manager for the American Water Works Research Foundation's project entitled "Strategic Future of Water Utilities". The Firm's client list includes over 70 public and private water utilities, numerous law firms, private corporations and non-profit corporations. Examples of projects Mr. Means has managed for the firm over the last 4 years include:

Invited speaker to East Bay Municipal Utilities District management team on future trends Project Team member on AwwaRF Characterizing Salinity Conti-ibutions in Sewer Collection and Reclaii?led Water Distribzltion Systems to Develop Salinity hdanagernent Strategies (RFP 2 744)

Project Team member on AwwaRF The Value of Water in a Changing Ecoizoiny (RFP 2767) Project Team member on AwwaRF Customer Perceptions of Infrastructure Reliability (RFP 28 70) Project Team member on water resource and water quality strategies for the City of San Diego Strategic Business Plan development project. Project ManagerIFacilitator for AwwaRFICalifornia Energy Commission workshop to develop an Energy Research Needs Roadinap to support an anticipated joint research funding program Principal-in-charge for an Upper San Gabriel Municipal Water District project examining additional treatment needs for the San Jose Creek Water Reclamation Plant effluent to support increased use of recycled water from that facility Principal-in-charge for the City of Escondido Water Quality Laboratory Resources Evaluation Principal-in-charge of chlorine dioxidelnitrification control full-scale test program for the City of Carlsbad Project Manager for AwwaRF Tailored Collaboration Project "Water Quality Implications of Large-Scale Application of Seawater Desalination" Project Manager for water treatment plant regulatory assessments including:

o City of Redlands O Horace Hinckley WTP O Henry Tate WTP

o Cucamonga County Water District O Lloyd Michael WTP O Royer-Nesbit WTP O Arthur H. Bridge WTP

o West San Bemardino County Water District O Oliver P. Roemer WTP

o Fontana Water Company O Sandhill WTP O New West WTP

Project Manager for client developing California Department of Health Services permits for oceanwater desalination Principal Investigator for AwwaRF 281 6, "Water Quality Management: How to Structure it in a Utility" Represents the California Avocado Commission and Southern California growers in strategic ag water supply and water rate issues in Southern California Principal Investigator for AwwaRF 2604, "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities". Published book entitled "Watercourse: Charting Your Utility's Future'' Provided Seattle Public Utilities strategic planning assistance Developed and conducted workshop to develop a water quality strategic plan for East Bay Municipal Utilities District Provided American Water Works Services Company strategic planning assistance Provided Greater Cincinnati Water Works strategic planning assistance

Provides guidance to a power generator regarding availability of cooling water supplies Invited speaker on water utility management and strategic issues for numerous public and private water utilities Developed water quality strategic plan for City of Santa Barbara's Cater Water Treatment Plant, Santa Barbara, California Managed Ambassador Neighborhoods Program assessing blends of Colorado River Water and Local Groundwater in four neighborhoods in Tucson, Arizona including water quality communication strategies Conducted SDWA compliance audits of City of Fullerton Developed Radon compliance strategy for Tucson, Anzona Project Manager managing technical assistance to West Basin Municipal Water District on obtaining Department of Health Services permits for injection of 100% recycled water into the West Basin. Project involves work on endocrine disruptors and NDMA Project Manager managing technical assistance to Orange County Water District on control strategies for NDMA in recycled water Managed the conduct of bromate control strategy assessment for Mesa Consolidated Water District, Costa Mesa, California. Conducted nationwide Disinfectants/Disinfection By-product Rule training for AWWA Conducted water quality regulation compliance audit for Contra Costa Water District, Contra Costa, California Conducted regulatory compliance and water quality management assessment for City of Fullerton Project Manager on assessment of marketing opportunities for excess water quality laboratory capacity for Irvine Ranch Water District

In Mr. Means' various capacities at the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, he had responsibility for business aspects of the largest water wholesaler in the U.S. including capital programs, operating budgets, water resources planning, physical facility operations and state of the art laboratory and treatment process facilities. He is deeply familiar with water utility operations and management.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California- Acting General Manager, January 1999 to April 1999 .

Provided general management services under contract to MEC, Inc. while Metropolitan conducted a search for GM replacement.

350 S. Grand, Suite 2008 Box 54153 Los Angeles, California 90054

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California- Deputv General ManagerEhief Operating Officer, April 1996 to Januarv 1999

As a Board-approved officer of Metropolitan, I was responsible for the day to day district operations, strategic planning, cost containment, labor relations, member agency relations and budget for an $800 million annual revenue water utility with a $4 billion capital program. Total 1998-99 budget is $1.5 billion (including debt service). Metropolitan's capital program included an 800,000 acre-foot storage reservoir currently under construction. Manage through others the activities of 2000 employees. Major involvement in medium- and long-range strategic planning and assisting 5 1 member Board of Directors in an examination of board governance. Responsible for compliance with environmental regulations. Guided Metropolitan through 14% staff reduction and 20% efficiency improvements through technology initiatives including a maintenance management program, automated meter reading, Peoplesoft applications and a new Oracle-based chart of accounts. Over three years these initiatives have collectively saved nearly $150 million. Represented AUTUTA in negotiated rulemaking for disinfectantsldisinfection by-products regulation. Acting General Manager at Metropolitan for 5 months prior to departure.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California- Chief of Operations Julv 1994 to April 1996 -

Managed the district's operation and maintenance of the Colorado River Aqueduct, 5 filtration plants, 8 reservoirs, 15 small hydroelectric plants and the distribution system that delivers water from both the Colorado River and the California State Water Project to Metropolitan's 27 member agencies. District emergency preparedness activities are also administered through the Operations Division. Supervised a staff of 986 employees and manage a $155.6 million operating budget. Completed a 20-year staffing plan, requiring a staff reduction from 1007 to 822 positions while simultaneously beginning the operation of $4 billion in new capital facilities. Cost and staff savings will occur as a result of optimizing operator shift schedules, implementing cross- training initiatives, and installing modem maintenance management, water billing and control systems. These systems are being installed at a cost of about $40 million. Represented Management in Union labor negotiations, helping to secure a 5-year contract with significant cost savings to the District.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Director of Resources, Januarv 1993 to Julv 1994

Managed the activities of the Resources Division including general budget and personnel functions, oversight of Metropolitan's water management programs (including ground water, reclaimed water and certain aspects of desalination), Colorado River powerlwater supplies and programs. Managed a review of Metropolitan's financial structure and agricultural water pricing and implemented major changes through the Board of Directors. The Resources Division develops and oversees the contractual arrangements for Metropolitan's water management programs. Our activities routinely involve legal, technical and political considerations. The Division consists of 39 largely technical employees.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Director of Water Qualitv, November 1990 to Januarv 1993

Responsible for directing the activities of the Water Quality Division including the activities of the Water Quality Laboratory and the Water Purification group. Oversee legislative and regulatory activities involving water quality issues including delivering testimony before governmental bodies. Interface with the Board of Directors to convey and influence the water quality policies of the District. Responsible for meeting all State and Federal Drinking water regulations, conducting research, compliance with NPDES discharge regulations and assisting other MWDSC divisions and assisting member agencies with water quality problems. Manage budget of $8.2 million. Additional information is given below.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Associate Director of Water QuaIity, Julv 1988 to November 1990

Responsible for assisting the Director of Water Quality in managing the activities of the Water Quality Division. This position is responsible for interfacing with the Operations Division, overseeing development of the $7.5 million annual operating budget (capital budget of approximately $20 million) including one and five-year plans, review impacts of legislation/regulations, interface with State and Federal regulatory agencies, interface with MWDSC member agencies and sub-agencies, represent MWDSC at professional meetings and in sensitive negotiations and provide project management expertise. Responsible for developing drainage water quality control strategy for the Lake Mathews watershed. Oversee the day-to-day activities of 82 engineers and scientists and 14 temporary positions, including the staff of the Water Quality Laboratory (WQL). Act for the Director of Water Quality in his absence.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Water Quality Laboratory Manager, Julv 1986 to Julv 1988

Responsible for managing the activities of the WQL. The WQL conducts compliance monitoring for all State and Federal regulations in addition to managing the quality of MWDSC source and finished water reservoirs. Constructed in 1985, the state-of-the-art facility is nationally renown for the progressive research and method development activities in taste and odor, disinfection by- products and disinfection conducted there. The Laboratory Manager conducts planning, prepares the budget, provides technical assistance to member agencies, reviews regulations and legislation, prepares and presents technical papers and oversees the quality assurance program.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Principal Microbiologist, Julv 1985 to Julv 1986

Responsible for advanced planning, budgeting and supervision of the activities of the microbiology, field monitoring/reservoir management and laboratory support group in the WQL. Supervise 14 professionals.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Supervising Chemist,Julv 1984 to Julv 1985 - Responsible for advanced planning, budgeting and supervision of the activities of the microbiology, field monitoringheservoir management and laboratory support group in the WQL. Supervise 14 professionals.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Senior Microbiologist, November 1981 to Julv 1984

Responsible for the day-to-day operation of a microbiology laboratory engaged in water analysis. Supervised two microbiologists and two lab technicians. Responsible for implementing research programs in such areas as bacterial colonization of granular activated carbon, disinfection kinetics, alternative disinfectants, biofilm formation in distribution pipelines, taste and odor compound production by algae in lakes and identification methods for bacteria.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California-Microbiologist, November 1980 to November 1981

Monitored the bacteriological status of raw and finished water serving the Southern California area. Enumerated and identified bacterial growing on granular activated carbon. Performed scanning electron microscopy. Set up analytical procedures for monitoring adenosine triphosphate levels in water. Gained familiarity with algaecides and their application, algal culturing, plankton counts, etc. Expert in recovery of indicator bacteria in water.

Universitv of California, Inline- Research Assistant Environmental Analvsis Program in Social Ecologv, June 1978 to June 1980

Responsible for developing sampling regime and implementing techniques for sample collection for USEPA-funded research project designed to assess the phenomenon of bacterial regrowth in water distribution systems. Performed microbiological analyses on water samples. Obtained Masters Degree with research on the recovery of heterotrophic bacteria from water distribution systems using a variety of media, incubation temperatures and incubation times. Research included typing of bacteriocins specific for coliform bacteria and investigating the role of such compounds in the suppression of coliform bacteria in standard tests.

Sunrise Greenbelt, 1nc.- Consultant, Januarv 1980

Provide input on health implications of irrigating with reclaimed water.

Traveland, USA- Consultant, Januarv 1979

Investigated causes of algae blooms in recreational ponds and recommended control measures.

\len~bership, At'tlliations, and ,4nrards

American Society of Microbiology, Member 1980-1 990

American Water Works Association, Member since 1980

North American Lake Management Society, Member 1988-present

American Water Works Association, Member since1 980 -awarded Honorary Membership in 1999

American Society of Civil Engineers, Member since 2000

Member AWWA Organisms in Water Committee (1 987) Vice-Chair, 1990

AWWA Microbial Problems Committee (1 987)

AWWA Bacteriological Sampling Committee (1 985)

Project Manager, AWWA Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Technical Advisory Workgroup (TAW, 1990, 1991, 1992) - The TAW is charged by the AWWA Water Utility Council (WUC) with the conduct of technical reviews of the D/DBP regulation to formulate positions. Metropolitan has held the management contract since inception of the TAW.

Co-Chairman, Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (NWRA) Water Quality Committee (1 992)

NUTRA representative to the AWWA WUC (1992)

NWRA representative to the Water Industry Coordinating Council (1 992)

Peer Reviewer for Journal AWWA

Chairman of AWWARF Pathogen Detection Workshop, Park City, Utah, July 1992

Association of California Groundwater Agencies Groundwater Committee (1 994)

Recipient of 1993 National Water Resources Association (NWRA) Presidents Award for representation of the association during the negotiated rulemaking on DBPs

Co-Chairman of the NWRA Safe Drinking Water Act Reauthorization Task Force (1 992, 1993)

Reviewer, Case Study on "Trihalomethanes and Other By-Products Formed by Chlorination of Drinking Water" by Dr. Phil Singer for "Keeping Pace with Science and Engineering: Case Studies in Environmental Regulation, National Academy of Engineering, National Academy Press, Myron F. Uman, ed., 1993.

Invited Participant, AWWA Research Foundation MicrobialDBP Workshop, Miami, Florida, November 3-5, 1993

Invited Participant to "Information Collection Rule: An Opportunity for Utility-Community Dialogue," workshop sponsored by AWWA, March 9-1 0, 1994

Recipient of 1995 AWWA Water Resources Division best paper award for paper entitled "Implications of Discharging Potable Water in Southern California"

Recipient of special recognition plaque from the California Emergency Utilities Association (during their semi-annual meeting) for participating in activities related to emergency preparedness in California (January 1996)

Established a cooperative program with the American Red Cross to provide professional staff to the Red Cross during emergencies (February 1996)

Represented AWWA in Stakeholder Meetings with USEPA on the DIDBP rule cluster (May 1996)

Appointed to a 3-year term on the Water Utility Council (WUC) of the AWWA (July 1996)

Participant on Water Industry Peer Review Panel for San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (August 1 996)

Chairman of the Regulatory Committee of the WUC of AWWA (April 1998)

California Utilities Emergency Association Chairman, Board of Control (1994) Vice-chairman, Executive Committee (1 995-1 996). Chairman, Executive Committee (1 996-97). Board Director (1 998)

Board Director, National Water Research Institute (January 1998) Vice-chairman, ( 1 998)

Board Directors, Newport Elementary School Beacons, 1998

Scientific Planning Committee for 1999 ILSI Safety of Water Disinfection Conference

1998 California-Nevada Section AWWA George Warren Fuller Awardee

2000 California-Nevada Section Trustee

E. G. Means and B. H. Olson, "Evaluating Mediums and Plating Techniques for Enumerating Bacteria in Water Distribution Systems," JAWWA 73: 11 :585, 198 1.

E. G. Means and B. H. Olson, "Coliform Inhibition by Bacteriocin-Like Substances in Drinking Water Distribution Systems," Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:3:506, 1981.

N. R. Ward, R. L. Wolfe, E. G. Means, and B. H. Olson, "The Inactivation of Total Count and Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria by Inorganic Monochloramines and Dichloramines." Proceedings, 19th Annual AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Nashville, Tenn., December 5-8, 1982 (pp. 28 1-294).

E. G. Means, G. Izaguirre, C. J. Hwang, S. W. Krasner, and M. J. McGuire, "Biodegradation of the Taste and Odor Compound 2-Methylisobomeol in a Potable Water Supply" Abstracts, 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, New Orleans, La., March, 1983.

E. G. Means, T. S. Tanaka, D. J. Otsuka, and M. J. McGuire, "Impact of Chlorine and Ammonia Application Points on Bactericidal Efficiency of Free Chlorine and Chloramines in Pilot-Plant Studies," Proceedings, 1983 Annual Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 5-9, 1983 (pp. 941- 960).

E. G. Means, A. E. Preston, and M. J. McGuire, "Scuba Diving as a Cost-Effective Tool for Managing Water Quality Problems," presented at the Fall Conference, California-Nevada Section, American Water Works Association, Anaheim, California, October 19-2 1, 1983 (32 PP.).

M. J. McGuire, R. M. Jones, E. G. Means, G. Izaguirre, and A. E.Preston, "Controlling Attached Blue-Green Algae with Copper Sulfate," JAWWA 76:5:60-65, 1984.

E. G. Means, A. E. Preston, and M. J. McGuire, "Scuba Diving: A Tool for Managing Water Quality," JAWWA 76: 10:86-92, 1984.

E. G. Means and M. J. McGuire, "Experiences with Metropolitan's Early Warning System for Taste and Odor Control," Proceedings, 12th Annual AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Denver, Colorado, December 2-5, 1984 (pp. 655-676).

"Committee Report: Current Practice in Bacteriological Sampling," AWWA Committee on Bacteriological Sampling Frequency in Distribution Systems; JAWWA 77:9:75, 1985.

9

S. E. Krasner and E. G. Means, "Returning a Newly Hypalon-Covered Finished-Water Reservoir to Service: Health and Aesthetic Considerations," Proceedings, 198.5 Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Washington, D.C., June 23-27, 1985 (pp. 371-394).

E. G. Means, T. S. Tanaka, D. J. Otsuka, and M. J. McGuire, "Effects of Chlorine and Ammonia Application Points on Bactericidal Efficiency," JAWWA 78: 1:62, 1986.

E. G. Means and M. J. McGuire, "An Early Warning System for Taste and Odor Control,' JAWWA 78:3:77-88, 1986.

S. E. Krasner and E. G. Means, "Returning Recently Covered Reservoirs to Service: Health and Aesthetic Considerations," JAWWA 78:3:94, 1986.

E. G. Means, K. N. Scott, M. L. Lee, and R. L. Wolfe, "Bacteriological Impact of a Changeover from Chlorine to Chloramine Disinfection in a Water Distribution System," Proceedings, 1986 Annual Conference, American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado, 1986.

R. L. Wolfe, N. R. Ike, and E. G. Means, "The Significance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Chloraminated Drinking Water Supplies,"Abstracts, 87th Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, March 1-6, 1987.

E. G. Means, M. J. McGuire, M. K. Davis, S. E. Barrett and S. W. Krasner, "History of Converting from Chlorine to Chloramines in Southern California," Invited Paper, Proceedings, 12th Federal Convention of the Australian Water and Wastewater Association, March 23-27, 1987, Adelaide, S. Australia.

N. R. Re, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "An Assessment of the Bacteriological Activity on Granular Activated Carbon Particles," Abstracts, 88th Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, May 8-1 3, 1988, Miami, Florida.

R. L. Wolfe, M. Stewart, G. Izaguirre, and E. G. Means, "Disinfection of Granular Activated Carbon Effluent in a Drinking Water Pilot Plant," Abstracts, 88th Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, May 8-1 3, 1988, Miami, Florida.

N. R. Ike, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Nitrifying Bacteria in a Chloraminated Drinking Water System," Water Sci. & Technology, 20: 1 l/l2:44l, 1988.

G. Izaguirre, R.L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol by Aquatic Bacteria. Appl. Erzvir. Microbiol., 54:2424.

G. Izaguirre, R.L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, Bacterial Degradation of 2-Methyisoborneol. Wtr. Sci. Technol., 20:8/9:205.

R. L. Wolfe, N. I. Lieu, G. Izaguirre and E. G. Means, "Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in a

10

Chloraminated Distribution System: Seasonal Occurrence, Distribution, and Disinfection Resistance," AppZ. Envir. Microbial., 56:2:45 1. 1990.

K. J. Richardson, M. H . Stewart, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Utilization of Assimilable Organic Carbon by Autochthonous Organisms," Submitted to Abstracts, 91 st Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, 1991, Miami, Florida.

S. W. Krasner. J. T. Gramith, E. G. Means, N. L. Patania, I. N. Najm, and E. M. Aieta, "Formation and Control of Brominated Ozone By-Products," Proceedings, AWWA 1991 Annual Conference, June 23-27, 1991, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

J. T. Gramith, D. LV. Ferguson and E. G. Means, "Ozone and PEROXONE for Control of Disinfection By-Products: Metropolitan's Experience," Proceedings, AWWA 1991 Annual Conference, June 23-27, 1991, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

N. I. Lieu, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Chloramine Inactivation of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria," Proceedings, AWWA 1991 Annual Conference, June 23-27, 1991, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

E. G. Means, "Assessing Contaminants: The State Water Project Sanitary Survey," Proceedings of the Conference on Protecting Drinking Water Quality at the Source, California Water Resources Center, University of California, October, 199 1.

K. J. Richardson, M. H . Stewart, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Comparison of Gene Probe and Conventional Methods for Detection of Enteric Viruses and Giardia in Water," Proceedings, AWWA WQTC, November 10-1 4, 1991, Orlando, Florida.

P. A. Hacker, C. Pasko-Kolva, M. H . Stewart, R, L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Evaluation of Filter Media and Filter Flow Rates on AOC Reduction," Abstracts, 92nd Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, 1992, New Orleans, Louisiana.

S. W. Krasner, M. J. Sclimenti, E. G. Means, J. M. Symons, and L. Simms, "The Impact of Chlorine Dose, Residual Chlorine, Bromide and Organic Carbon on Trihalomethane Speciation," Proceedings AWWA WQTC, November 15-1 9, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

M. D. Beuhler and E. G. Means, "Implications of Discharging Potable Drinking Water in Southern California," Proceedings of the AWWA WQTC, November 15-19, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

D. M. Owen, Z. K. Chowdhury, S. W. Krasner, and E. G. Means, "Predicting THM Formation in Bromide-Rich Waters," Proceedings of the AWWA WQTC, November 15-1 9, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

E. G. Means and S. IV. Krasner, "DIDBP Regulation: Issues and Ramifications, JA WWA 85:2, February 1993 (pp. 68-73).

N. I. Lieu, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Optimization of Chloramine Disinfection for Controlling Nitrification," JA W A 85:2, February 1993 (pp. 84-90).

S. W. Krasner, M. J. Sclimenti and E. G. Means, "Water Quality Degradation in the San Francisco BayISacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Implications for Disinfection By-product Control," Submitted to the Annual Conference AWWA, San Antonio, Texas, June 1993.

J. T. Gramith, B. M. Coffey, S. W. Krasner, C. Kuo, and E. G. Means, Demonstration-Scale Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Control Strategies. Proceedings (Water Quality) of the 1993 Annual AWWA Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June 6-1 0, 1993. (pp. 857-875)

D. M. Owen, Z. K. Chowdhury, S. W. Krasner, and E. G. Means, "Integrating Source Control and Treatment Through Modeling." Proceedings of the AWWA ACE. June 6-1 0, 1993.

S. W. Krasner, M. J. Sclimenti and E. G. Means, "Water Quality Degradation in the San Francisco BayISacramento-San Joaquin River Delta: Implications for Disinfection By-product Control," Proceedings, \rater Quality Technology Conference, AWWA, Miami, Florida, November 7-1 0, 1993 (pp. 387-41 5).

J. T. Gramith, S.K. Krasner, J. G. Jacangelo, and E. G. Means, Development and Use of a Nationwide DIDBP Database for the Negotiated Regulation. Proceedings of the 1993 AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Miami, Florida, November 7-1 1, 1993. (pp. 677-693).

J. Lie and E. G. Means, Recycled Water - An Important Component of Metropolitan's Current and Future Water Supply. Presented at the Water Reuse Association of California Annual Symposium, San Diego, California, October 13-1 5, 1993.

Case Study 2: Disinfection By-products, Presentation. Invited participant for Symposium, The Worth of Science in Regulatory Decisions, Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Savannah, Georgia, December 6-9, 1993.

J. Lie and E. G. Means, "Alternative Funding Programs for Water Reuse Projects - The Key to Southern California's Success." The Water Reuse Symposium, American Water Works Association, Dallas, Texas, February 27, March 2, 1994.

M. D. Beuhler and E. G. Means, "Implications of Discharging Potable Water in Southern California," JA WFVA 86:4, April 1994 (pp. 205-213).

S. W. Krasner, M. J. Sclimenti and E. G. Means, "Quality Degradation: Implications for DBP Fornlation," L4 WWA 86:6, June 1994 (pp. 34-47).

S.W. Krasner, K. M. Gramith, and E. G. Means, DIDBP Occurrence: Past, Present, and the Future. Submitted to the 1994 AWWA Annual Conference, New York, New York, June 19-23, 1994.

P. A. Hacker, C. Pasko-Kolva, M. H. Stewart, R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means, "Production and Removal of Assimilable Organic Carbon Under Pilot-Plant Conditions Through the Use of Ozone and PEROXONE," Ozone Science d Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, ~ u n e 1994 (pp. 197- 2 12).

M. B. Young, and E. G. Means, "Earthquake Lessons Pay Off in Southern California", JA WWA 8 7 5 , May 1995 (pp. 59-64).

Organisms in Water Committee Report: Problem Organisms in Water: Identification and Treatment, AWWA Manual M7 of Water Supply Practices, 1995.

Cromwell, J., and E. G. Means, "Managerial Assessment of Water Quality and System Reliability", Proceedings of the 1996 AWWA Annual Conference, Toronto, Canada, June 23-27, 1996.

Cromwell, J., D. Owen, J. Dyksen and E. Means, "Managerial Assessment of Water Quality and System Reliability", Final Report to the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, 1997.

AWWA Roundtable discussion on the Safe Drinking Water Act, AWWA Annual Conference, Dallas, Texas, June 22, 1998, published in March 1999 JAWWA.

E. G. Means 111, T. Brueck; J. Miles; R. Patrick; Lloyd Dixon. "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities". Proceedings of the AWWAIWEF Joint Management Conference, Portland, Oregon, February 4-7,200 1.

T. Tseng, E. Means and D. Leach. "Evaluation of Various Bromate Control Strategies When Ozonating Colored Groundwater", Proceedings of the 2001 International Ozone Association Annual Pan American Group Conference.

E. G. Means 111, "Meeting the Future Head On". Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 93: 7 pp. 36-48, July 2001

L. Dixon, A. Bower, T. Brueck; A. Manning; E. Means; J. Miles; and R. Patrick. "The Challenges of a Changing Customer Base". Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 93:9 pp. 46- 49, Sept. 2001.

J. Miles, E. Means, L. Dixon, T. Brueck; A. Manning; and R. Patrick. "Planning for the Effects of Climate Change". Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 93:10 pp. 34-38, Oct. 2001.

E. G. Means 111, T. Brueck; A. Manning; L. Dixon; J. Miles; and R. Patrick. "The Coming Crisis: Water Institutions and Infrastructure". Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 94:l pp 34-38, Feb. 2002.

R. Patrick, L. Dixon; T. Brueck, E. Means. "Alternative Service Delivery Models", Manager to Manager Series, JAWWA 94:4, pp. 44-48. April, 2002.

T. Brueck, A. Manning, E. Means, L Dixon, J. Miles, R. Patrick, "Facing the Workforce Reality: Making More Out of Less", Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 94:6, pp. 34-39. June, 2002.

D. Van DeHei, S. Tramposch, J. Mosher, T. Schaeffer, J. Rosen, J. Gordon and E. Means. "Requirements for a Water Utility Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC)" Submitted to November 2002 WQTC, Seattle, Washington.

S. Davis, M. Pearthree and E.G. Means 111. "Tucson's Successful Re-Lntroduction of a Renewable Supply", Proceedings of the AWWA ACE in New Orleans, LA, June 16-20,2002.

E. G. Means 111, T. Brueck; A. Manning; L. Dixon; J. Miles; and R. Patrick. "Drinking Water Quality in the New Millenium: The Risk of Underestimating Public Perception". Manager to Manager Series, JA WWA 94:8.

Watercourse: Navigating Your Utilities Future, published by American Water Works Association Research Foundation, December 2001.

ExceIleizce in Action: Water Utility Marzageineizt in the 21st Ceiztury. Contributing Author. Chapter 28, "How to Best Position Your Utility for the Future", Published 2001 by AWWA.

Presentations

He has presented numerous technical presentations including presentations at the Annual AWWA Conference, the Water Quality Technology Conference, the annual American Society for Microbiology conference, and meetings of the California Lake Management Society, the California Water Resources Association, and the CalifomiaNevada Section AWWA. A few presentations are listed below:

Testimony before the State Water Resources Control Board during the Water Quality Phase of the Bay Delta Hearings.

Invited participant to USEPA-sponsored public symposium "The Risks to Clean Water," February 22-23, 1991 in East Lansing, Michigan, during which Clean Water Act Reauthorization issues were identified.

Testimony before the California Assembly Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee on the Sanitary Survey of the State Water Project, February 25, 1992.

Welcome address to the AWWARF Technology Transfer Conference on Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products in Anaheim, California, February 24, 1992.

Presentation on Clean Water Act Drinking Water Quality Issues before the California Water Resources Association, March 6, 1992, Oakland, CA.

Presentation before the International Ozone Association meeting on March 10, 1992 in Pasadena, California entitled Status of Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products Regulation.

Presentation at 1992 AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, Vancouver, Canada, entitled "Can We Rescue Primacy? Do We Want to? A Utility's Perspective.

Speaker, AWWA Satellite Teleconference "Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products: Understanding the Proposed D-DBP Rule". Title of talk: "Utility Impact of the D-DBP Rule", October 15, 1993.

E. G. Means, IntroductiodDBP Negotiated Rulemaking Implications, Moderator of Sunday Seminar on Enhanced Coagulation. 1993 AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Miami, Florida, November 7- 1 1, 1993.

Invited Participant, National Water Resources Regulation - Where is the Pendulum Now?, Washington, D.C., January 3 1 -February 1, 1994.

Invited Participant by Environmental Protection Agency, AWWA Research Foundation DisinfectionDisinfection By-products Regulations Workshop in Osaka, Japan, October, 1994.

Conducted thirty-two "Improvement Summits" with 30-60 employees each to identify potential areas for improvement at Metropolitan (March-April 1997).

Presentation "What should utilities be doing on the M/DBP rule cluster?", AWWA video teleconference, Denver, Colorado, July 3 1, 1997.

Invited Speaker: Impacts of the Safe Drinking Water ActIHow Do We Comply? AWWA South Carolina Section Meeting, Greenville South Carolina, January 30, 1998.

Presentation "The MicrobiallDisinfection By-product Rule Package: Filtering the Bureaucratese", AWWA Annual Conference, Dallas, Texas, June 22, 1998.

Drinking Water Quality in the Year 2020, AWWA WQTC, November 4, 1998, San Diego, California.

"Safe Drinking Water Act Regulatory Update", Presented to Carollo Engineers, Inc., Phoenix, Arizona, September 25, 1999.

Conducted 1999 WQTC Sunday Seminar Training on DIDBP and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule in Tampa, Florida, October 3 1, 1999.

Participant on AWWA Disinfection By-products Rule Compliance Teleconference, November 9, 1999, Denver, Colorado.

Keynote Speech to North American Lake Management Society Annual Meeting "Water Quality - 2 1 sth Century Goals", Reno, Nevada, December 2, 1999.

Participated on Panel Discussion on "Deregulation Impacts and Opportunities" at AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, Denver, Colorado June 14,2000.

Participated in Sunday Seminar "Working With Your Customers: Strategies for Addressing Conflicts With the Public", AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, June 1 1.2000.

Facilitated AWWARF workshop to identify management research needs, Newport Beach, CA, July 1211 3,2000.

Facilitated AWWARF 2604 2-day "Futures Workshop" at AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, Denver, Colorado, June 15-1 6,2000.

Facilitated AWWARF 2604 2-day American Assembly on "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities" with industry leaders, Orlando, Florida, September 20-21, 2000.

Invited Panel Member on "Strategies for the Future", Environmental Financial Advisory Board's Cost-Effective Environmental Management Workgroup meeting, March 5,2001, Washington, D.C.

Presented Keynote Address entitled "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities" at the 2001 Australian Water Association meeting in Canberra, Australia, April 2, 2001.

Presented "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities", Association of California Water Agencies Spring Conference, South Lake Tahoe, CA May 7-1 0, 2001.

Presented "Watercourse: Navigating Your Utilities Future", at the AwwaRF Technology Transfer Conference in Long Beach, California, September 13,2001.

Presented "Security Issues in Public Drinking Water Systems", Presented to the CentralIWest Basin Water Quality Workshop, February 26,2002, Carson, California.

Presented "Water Utility Trends and their Implications for POUJPOE. Bottled Water Association Annual Meeting, March 5-9, 2002, New Orleans, LS.

Presented " Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) Development Project - Phase I Status Report", presented at the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies annual meeting, March 17-20, 2002, Washington, D.C.

Invited Participant on Orange County Sanitation District's Expert Panel on Outfall Hypochlorite Disinfection Strategy Review, Fountain Valley, CA, March 28,2002.

Presented "Watercourse: Navigating Your Utility's Future", at the New England Water Works Association Leadership Institute, April 28-30,2002, Cape Cod, MS.

Presented "Watercourse: Navigating Your Utility's Future", at the Arizona Water and Pollution Control Association annual meeting, May 3, Phoenix, AZ. '

Presented Zitkus, T; Bourke, M; and E. Means. "Use of a magnetic ion exchange resin to allow compliance with future EPA disinfection by-product rules in California". Cal-Nev AWWA Fall Conference, October 14- 17, 2002, Reno, NV.

Presented "Water Trends" at Cal-Nev AWWA Fall Conference, October 14-17,2002, Reno, NV.

Participated on Panel Discussion "Groundwater & Perchlorate: A Toxic Cocktail? California Water Policy 12,conference October 9-1 0,2002, Los Angeles, CA.

Presented keynote address on "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities" at WWEMA annual meeting in La Quinta, CA, November 15,2002.

Participated in National Public Radio (KPCC, Pasadena, CA) "Airtalk" progam as invited expert on water treatment technologies and California water utilities.

Invited Speaker, "A Strategic Assessment of the Future of Water Utilities", AwwaRF and Kiwa Manager's Conference, Manhattan Beach, CA, March 3,2003.

Invited Distinguished Lecturer, University of Alberta Centre for Applied Business Research in Energy and the Environment, School of Business, on global water issues. October 2, 2003.

Invited participant in 2004 Australian Water Association "Ozwater" conference in Perth Australia, April 2003.

Invited speaker on "Future Trends" at East Bay Municipal Utilities District management workshop, April 17,2003, Oakland, CA.

APPENDIX I

QUALIFICATIONS OF KENNETH THOMPSON PRINCIPAL REUSE TECHNOLOGIST

CH2M HILL

Kenneth Thompson Principal Reuse Technologist

CH2M HILL 939 1 Jamaica Street Englewood, CO 801 12

(720) 286-5407

Education B.A., Chemistry, University of California, San Diego

Distinguishing Qualifications Specializes in distribution system water quality, water treatment pilot testing and water reuse. Highly experienced in environmental regulations, TMDL's, watershed management and environmental restoration. Project Advisory Committee member for AWWARF and WERF projects. Member of the WateReuse Foundation research advisory committee.

Project Manager for AWWARF, WERF, WateReuse Foundation and NWRI research projects

Served a s an AWWA QUALSERVE peer review team leader

Performs peer review for publications of the AWWA and WEF

Representative Experience Kenneth Thompson is a Principal Reuse Technologist at CH2M Hill. Prior to joining CH2M HILL, he has worked for public utilities in fields of water, wastewater and water reuse for over 18 years.

CH2M HILL Ekperience (January 1, 2001 - Present)

Kenneth is the Global Reuse Technology Leader for CH2M HILL, serving as a Senior Technical Advisor on strategic national and international reuse projects.

Kenneth Thompson is the Project Manager for the Las Vegas Wastewater Plant Tertiary Expansion and Southwest Non-Potable Expansion Project for the Colorado Springs Utilities. This is a fast tracked $25 Million Design-Build project that required a pre-design to be completed in 9 weeks and the final construction to be completed in 16 months. The project included alternative analysis, pre-design, design, and construction of; 30,000 feet of distribution system pipeline, 12 mgd of Densedeg pre-treatment, 6 mgd Aqua Disk tertiary treatment, expansion of two pump station, two new pump stations, on-site storage, and retubing of two power plant cooling towers condensers.

Kenneth Thompson is the Task Leader for developing alternative Utility management Structures, Draft Rules and Regulations, and Rate Structure approaches as part of a reuse master planning effort for the Town of Castle Rock, Colorado.

Kenneth Thompson is currently the principal investigator for the $700K AWWARF study, 'Characterizing Salinity Contributions in Wastewater Collection Systems and Reclaimed Water Distribution Systems. One of the tools that will developed as part of this project is a salinity mass balance loading model coupled to a n economic model. This two models will allow reuse agencies to identify the most cost effective solution to reduce salinity levels in their recycled water.

Kenneth Thompson is the Program Manager for the SWW Security Initiative. The program is directed at conducting vulnerability assessments, developing emergency operations plans , and designing security enhancements for water and wastewater systems. The major achievements that Ken has done this year include;

j Ken was selected to be one of 64 individuals that have been trained by Sandia National Laboratories and certified as a RAM-W Trainer.

j Ken has conducted 3-day RAM-W training courses for over 150 clients and staff 6 Ken has developed a team of 18 staff in the Southwest Region, secured funding,

and trainedlcertified them in the RAM-W process for conducting vulnerability assessments.

6 Ken serves as the client PM or as a Senior Advisor for 6 vulnerability assessments for large and small water systems.

Kenneth Thompson is the Co-Principal Investigator for the $600K AWWARF Project, Optimizing Microbial Water Quality in Reclaimed Water Systems to Optimize End Use'. The project include conducting case studies with 6 strategic utilities (City of Phoenix, San Antonio Water Systems, El Paso Water Utilities, Irvine Ranch Water District, City of San Diego, and Central Basin). The project team will develop a best management practice manual to assist reuse agencies in the optimization of water quality in their distribution systems.

Kenneth Thompson is serving as a Senior Advisor on the City of Hamilton, Canada Endocrine Disrupter project. This project will evaluate the impacts of wastewater and source water on the water treatment system. This is the first project on endocrine disrupters that has been conducted for a water or wastewater utility in North America by CH2M HILL.

Kenneth Thompson served as the Project Manager for the U.S. Team on the Sao Paulo, Brazil Reclaimed Water Master Plan Development project. Responsibilities have included budget control, identifying US staff to participate on team, document review, and project work in US and Brazil.

Kenneth Thompson served as a Senior Technical Reviewer on the Oro Valley Water Reuse Rate Study, USBR Southern California Recycled Water Initiative Project, and the Orange County Urban Runoff Biofilter Project.

Kenneth Thompson served as the Senior Advisor for the Hampton Roads Sanitation District Water Reuse Master Plan project. Ken has assisted in the development of Rules and Regulations and contract instruments for the project.

Kenneth Thompson served on the project advisory committees for four AWWARF projects; Use of Membranes for Perchlorate Removal, Industry and Ecological Uses of Reclaimed Water, Energy Benchmarking Project, and Developing a National Water and Wastewater Benchmarlung Clearinghouse.

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Kenneth Thompson served on the Executive Committee for the 2002 Water Sources National Conference, which highlighted Water Resources, Water Reuse, and Water Conservation.

Ilnrine Ranch Water District Experience (September 1992 - December 2000)

For the Irvine Ranch Water District, Kenneth Thompson was the Director of Water Quality and managed a department of 25 professionals specializing in engineering, biology, chemistry, environmental compliance and cross connection control.

Kenneth Thompson served as the liaison with local, state and federal regulatory agencies and provided the oversight and management of over 300 permits. Ken and his staff prepared and acquired permit applications for new projects.

Kenneth Thompson served as principal investigator for the Colored Water Treatment Pilot Project. This project evaluated the feasibility of using various treatment techniques, i.e.: ozone, BAC, conventional filtration and membranes, to treat a highly colored groundwater as a drinking water supply. The project results became the basis for the design and construction of an 8 mgd. membrane treatment facility.

Kenneth Thompson and his staff performed special studies to enhance the water quality in the domestic water distribution system. The various studies conducted included hydraulic/ water quality modeling (EPANET), distribution system chlorination/chloramination studies, storage tank mixing and storage tank nitrification control. Domestic tank reservoir mixing systems and distribution system chloramination facilities were constructed based on the results of the studies.

Kenneth Thompson served on the AWWARF Membrane Research Needs Expert workshop and Perchlorate Research Needs Expert workshop. The results of theses two workshops were used to define the 5 year research program in each of the two areas.

Kenneth Thompson and his staff conducted numerous water quality studies related to the water reclamation distribution system, storage reservoirs and treatment facility. Improvements in reservoir aeration, treatment plant disinfection and pH control were implemented at the District.

Kenneth Thompson served as the co project manager for the Health Risk Assessment Study for Reclaimed Water that was funded by the NWRI. This results of this study were used to assist the California Department of Health Services in the development of the latest water recycling regulations.

Kenneth Thompson conducted a workshop with members of the Water Quality Association and major Water Reuse Agencies to develop a research plan address the problem of increasing salinity levels in wastewater collection systems and the associated impacts on reuse programs. The results of the workshop were used to solicit funding from reuse agencies, AWWARF and the WateReuse Foundation to conduct the research.

Kenneth Thompson serves on the WateReuse Foundation Research Advisory Council. He participated in Nominal Group Technique Workshop for the National

DENKEN THOMPSON'S RESUME.DOCI3 NFlS RESUME

Water Research Institute to identify the key research needs for the non-potable water reuse industry.

Kenneth Thompson was a key member of the team that implemented the Total Quality Management program a t the District. He represented the District in key national benchmarking programs with AWWA and WEF. He also served as a Peer Review Team Leader for the AWWA QUALSERVE program. Ken also served as co- chair for the Western Utility Benchmarking Group.

Kenneth Thompson managed the design, construction and permitting of the restoration of the San Joaquin Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary. The was a conjunctive use project which restored over 150 acres of degraded wetlands, created over 11 miles of public hiking trails and treated nutrient rich water from a local creek that

-

was degrading a downstream estuary system.

Kenneth Thompson served as a member of the Newport Bay Watershed Management Committee. This committee developed watershed wide strategies associated with the implementation of TMDL's for nutrient, sediment, pathogen and toxics for the Newport Bay Watershed.

Kenneth Thompson was the project manager for the Pathogen Risk Assessment study funded by the WEF, California State Water Resources Board and local stakeholders. The project assessed the pathogen loadings from different sources using a hydrauliclwater quality modeling of the Newport Bay and linked a human risk assessment model to evaluate the public health risk. The models were used to develop cost effective management strategies.

City of San Diego Experience (September 1982 - September 1992)

Kenneth Thompson also worked for the City of San Diego for 10 years prior to going to the Irvine Ranch Water District. He served as the Water Production Superintendent and managed a staff of 65 professional staff.

Kenneth Thompson managed the $20.5 million EPA funded Total Resource Recovery Project (Aquaculture Project). Significant components of this project included a $4.2 million Health Effects Study and design/construction of the $25 million San Pasqual Water Reclamation / Research facility.

Membership in Professional Organizations and Special Achievements American Water Works Association

Water Environment Federation

WateReuse Foundation

Director on the Ramona Municipal Water District

Director on the San Diego County Water Authority

Trustee on the AWWA Water Resources Division

Chair of the AWWA National Water Reuse Committee

DENKEN THOMPSON'S RESUME.DOC14 NFlS RESUME

Publications as Author and Co-author

Eisenberg,J.N.; Olivieri, A.W.; Thompson, K.; Seto, E.Y .W.; Konnan, J.I., "An Approach to Microbial Risk Assessment"

Olivieri, A.W.; Eisenberg, J.N.; Seto, E.Y .W.; Spear, R.C.; Thompson, K., "Microbial Risk Assessment Using an Epidemiological Based Model: A Case Study of Public Health Risk of Giardiasis via Exposure to Reclaimed Water" Water Environment Federation 1997 Specialty Conference on Beneficial Reuse of Water and Biosolids, Marbella, Malaga, Spain, April 6-9, 1997.

Olivieri, A.; Eisenberg, D.M.; Cooper, R.C.; Korte, J . ; Maitski, F.; Thompson, K., "City of San Diego Advanced Wastewater Treatment System Reliability Evaluation", San Diego Health Effects Study Report, Western Consortium for Public Health, Inc., 2001 Addison St., Suite 200, Berkley, Ca. 94704, May 1987

Thompson, K.; Olivieri, A.W.; Eisenberg, D.W.; Cooper, R.C., "The San Diego Aquaculture Reuse Facility Health Effects Study" , 1990 Annual Conference Proceedings, American Water Works Association, Cincinnati, Ohio, June 17-2 1, 1990, p 1503-1511.

Thompson, K.; Olivieri, A.W. et al.' " City of San Diego AQUA I1 Pilot Plant Reliability Analysis", American Water Resources Association, Proceedings on Water Supply and Water Reuse: 199 1 and Beyond, San Diego, Ca. June 2-6, 1991.

Thompson, K; Olivieri, A.W.; Eisenberg, D.W.; Pettegrew, L.A.; Cooper, R.C.; Danielsom, R.E., "City of San Diego Study of Direct Potable Reuse of Reclaimed Water: Final Results"' 1992 Annual Conference Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Conference on Water Resources.

Thompson, K,; Cooper, R.C.; Olivieri, A.W.; Eisenberg, D.; Pettegrew, L.A., "City of San Diego Potable Reuse of Reclaimed Water: Final Results", Desalination DSLNAH, Volume 88, No. 1-3, p 20 1-2 14, October 1992.

Thompson, K. ; Olivieri, A.W.; Eisenberg, D.W. ; Cooper, R.C. ; Danielson, R.E. ; Pettegrew, L.A., "City of San Diego Study of Potable Reuse of Reclaimed Water", 1992 National Conference on Environmental Engineering.

Soller, J.A.; Thompson, K.; Cooper, R.C.; Tchobanoglous. G., "Microbial TMDL's: Interpetation via Risk Assessment", CWEA 2000, 72nd Annual Conference, 2000

Soller, J.A.; Olivieri, A.W.; Thompson, K.; Tchobanoglous, G., " Use of a Microbial Risk Assessment to Interpret a Fecal Colifrom TMDL", 2000 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, December 3-6, 2000

Tchobanoglous, G.; Maitski, F.; Thompson, K.; Chadwick, T.H.' "Evaluation and performance of the City of San Diego Pilot Scale Aquatic Wastewater Treatment System using Water Hyacinths", 60th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Appendix D, Philadelphia, PA, 19897.

Clark, D.L.; Thompson, K., "E-Coli Happens: Are You Ready? - A Water Utility's Perspective on a Fecal Coliform MCL Violation", American Water Works Association Annual Conference, Dallas, TX, June 3-8, 1998.

DENKEN THOMPSON'S RESUME.DOCI5 NFlS RESUME