protein 2 chemistry of amino acida by dr ashok kumar j
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1 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
Macro
molecules
Amino acid
Polymer of Amino acids
Small Molecules
Biomolecules
2Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
C
R
NH2C = O O-
General structure of amino acid:
carboxyl groups
Side chain group
Individual amino acids differ from each other with respect to their side chain group
3Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
Amino acids present in proteins are α - amino acids
4 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
D- amino acid L- amino acid
All amino acids present in proteins are L-α-amino acids
All amino acids present in proteins are L-α-amino acids
5 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
• About 300 amino acids occur in nature
• Subset of only 20 constitute the monomer units of proteins
“Standard Amino acids”
?
6Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor: Dept. of
Biochemistry.
Glycine Gly G
Alanine Ala A
Valine Val V
Leucine Leu L
Isoleucine Ile I
Serine Ser S
Threonine Thr T
Phenylalanine
Phe F
Tyrosine Tyr Y
Tryptophan Trp W
Glutamate Glu E
Aspartate Asp D
Glutamine Gln Q
Aspargine Asn N
Arginine Arg R
Lysine Lys K
Histidine His H
Cysteine Cys C
Methionine Met M
Proline Pro P7
Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor: Dept. of
Biochemistry.
8Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
Classification of Amino acids1.Based on the structure
Mono amino Monocarboxylic amino acids
Branched chain amino acids
Simple amino acids
Aromatic amino acids
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PHENYLALANINE TYROSINE TRYPTOPHAN
Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Sulfur containing amino acids
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METHIONINE CYSTEINE
Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
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Diamino dicarboxylic acidsCystine
Cysteine
Hydroxyl group containing amino acids
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SERINE THREONINE
Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Amino acid amides
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ASPARAGINEGLUTAMINE
Monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Acidic amino acids
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ASPARTATE
GLUTAMATE
Monoamino dicarboxylic amino acids
Basic amino acids
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HISTIDINE LYSINE ARGININE
Diamino monocarboxylic amino acids
Based on the side chain polarity
Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU16
Based on PolarityNonpolar amino
acids
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Alanine
Valine Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline
amino acids withpolar sidechain with no charge on the side chain
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Glycine
Polar amino acids with – ve or + ve charge
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ClassificationBased on the nutritional
requirement
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Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU21
ClassificationBased on the Metabolic fate
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24 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
D- amino acids• Actinomycin –D• Valinomycine• Gramicidin –S• D –Glutamic acid & D- Alanine
of bacterial cell wall
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Acid – Base Properties of amino acid
Low pH
High pH26
Dr. ASHOKKUMAR. J.; Professor: Dept. of
Biochemistry.
amino acids act both as acid and base depending upon the
surrounding environment
Ampholytes
At isoelectric pH -Minimum solubility-Immobile in the electrical field
+ve charge – pH below the isoelectric pH-ve charge – pH above the isoelectric pH27 Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU
pH at which amino acids have equal number of positive and negative charges is called isoelectric pH [pI]
Thank you
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Dr. Ashok Kumar J; IMS; MSU28