protection update - spring 2003protection update | spring 2003 5tenance emergency eye care. the pure...
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News from the International Safety Equipment Association
ProtectionUPDATE
S P R I N G 2 0 0 3
By Jeffrey S. Birkner Moldex-Metric
Respiratory Protection is an importantconsideration to protect employees inthe construction trades. Construction
workers can be exposed to contaminantsthat are present in the air. These contami-nants can be those we can see and thosewe cannot.
Establishing a comprehensive respiratoryprotection program that accounts for theunique aspects of your companyâs construc-tion workplace(s) is central to ensure thatyour workers are properly equipped andwearing respiratory protection when need-ed. After engineering controls haveremoved respiratory hazards where possi-ble, then you should ground your respirato-ry protection program on two fundamentals.
First, use only respirators that have beenapproved by the National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).These products are tested and evaluated forperformance, they are assigned TC num-bers, and bear the NIOSH logo.
Second, follow the U.S. Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)standard 29 CFR1910.134, which outlinesthe minimum elements required for anacceptable comprehensive respiratory pro-tection program. This regulation is applica-ble to construction, as well as generalindustry, as noted in 29 CFR1926.103. Itexplains how the respirator should be used,the type of training that must be conducted,
the type of medical surveillance that mustbe done, the extent of the maintenance pro-gram, and required record keeping.
Depending on the nature of the hazard,it may be prudent to put in place a programthat exceeds OSHAâs minimums. In a10
Protection Updateis the newsletter for theISEA Partnership for WorkerProtection program. It isintended for anyone whospecifies, purchases or usespersonal protective equip-ment, and those who regu-late it. Protection Update isdistributed without charge,and also is available onISEAâs website www.safetye-quipment.org.
1901 North Moore StreetArlington, VA 22209-1762 USATelephone: (703) 525-1695Fax: (703) 528-2148Email: [email protected]
Daniel K. Shipp, [email protected]
Joseph L. Walker, [email protected]
2 New Protection forRoad Constructors
6 Choosing theRight Mask
8 How to Ensure GasDetection SensorAccuracy
14 Making Construction Safer
16 Safety Equipment Works For You
i n t h i s i s s u e RespiratoryProtectionHow to Establish a Program
PHO
TO C
OU
RTES
Y O
F M
OLD
EX-M
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Editorâs NoteWorkers in heavy construction are exposed to a variety of air contaminants that may begenerated by the work they are doing or the vehicular traffic that surrounds them. Thesecontaminants may be gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, smoke or mist. Despite these haz-ards, only about four in 10 workers in heavy construction use respiratory protectionwhen needed, according to ISEA-sponsored surveys in 2001 and 2002, leaving hun-dreds of thousands exposed to breathing hazards. While a great deal of recent attentionhas focused on gasmasks for combat and homeland defense, this issue of ProtectionUpdate will help enhance understanding about why respiratory protection is every bit asimportant for workers in heavy construction.
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FOR BREATHINGâŚFrom AOSafety/Aearo Co. is the EZ Dropâ˘half-mask cartridge respirator with a uniqueslide-release strap that allows the wearer toquickly remove the respirator by unhookingthe neck buckle and allowing the respiratorto slide down the straps to âparkâ on thewearerâs chest. The respirator is available inthree sizes. 800-678-4163 or aearo.com.
From the Biosystems Division ofBacou-Dalloz is the Instrument Quality(IQ) docking system that automatically cali-brates and maintains up to 10 gas detec-tors. The IQstation con-nects to acentral data-base moni-tored by thesoftwarecomponent,which com-municates with the docking station and cre-ates custom templates and reports, accord-ing to the company. Biosystems.com orbacou-dalloz.com.
From Draeger Safety is the first 2003issue of Dräger Review magazine, whichincludes informative articles about respirato-ry protection during tunnel operations, thelatest in the companyâs portable gas detec-tion technologies and systems, and an arti-cle about chemical protective suits. 800-615-5503 or draegerreview.com.
From Mine Safety Appliances Co. are:â Airhawk⢠MMR air mask, which the com-pany says incorporates the latest technolo-gies available for industrial, agricultural,wastewater, HazMat, and HVAC work. TheAirhawk SCBA is available in low-pressure(2216 psig) or high-pressure (4500 psig)versions. 800-MSA-2222 and requestBulletin 0105-102, or MSAnet.com.â UltimaÂŽ XIR gas monitor, which is a micro-processor-based, infrared point gas detectorfor continuous monitoring of combustiblegases and vapors in harsh environments. Itutilizes technology that provides definitivecompensation for temperature, humidity andaging effects. 800-MSA-4678 and ask forData Sheet 07-2054 or MSAgasdetection.com.
Protection UPDATE | SPRING 20032
â A â0-1,000-parts-per-million ammoniasensorâ for its Ultima X series gas monitors.The sensor features 10-ppm resolution,making it ideal for use in general industrialapplications, and the interchangeable sen-sors are easy to install and replace, accord-ing to the company. 800-MSA-4678 andask for Data Sheet 07-2051 orMSAgasdetection.com.
FromNextteq isthe Gastec9500 smoketube kit (alsoknown as theair flow indi-cator kit),which thecompanysays providesan easy way to meet qualitative fit-testingrequirements. These tubes provide a simpleand direct way to meetâŚfit test require-ments per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134,Appendix A,â the company says. 887-312-2333 or nextteq.com.
From Scott Health & Safety is the Ska-PakÂŽ AT automatic respiratory protection
solution forentering orescapingfrom con-fined spaceor IDLH envi-ronments.The Ska-PakAT supplied-
air respirator has automatic, hands-free air-transfer capability, the company says. Aflashing indicator notifies of low or lostcylinder pressure. 800-247-7257 orscotthealthsafety.com.
FOR THE WHOLE PERSONâŚFrom Mine Safety Appliances Co. is theSafety Equipment Catalog 2003-2004, featur-ing the companyâs latest products to protectand assist workers. The 170-page, full-colorcatalog covers MSAâs complete product lineand training videos. 800-MSA-2222 and askfor Bulletin 555-82-MC or MSAnet.com.
N E W P R OT E C T I O N F O R R OA D C O N S T R U C TO R S
caption
The EZ Drop⢠respiratorfrom AOSafety/ Aearo Co.
DrägerReviewmagazine
Nextteqâs Gastec 9500smoke tube kit
UltimaÂŽ XIR gas monitorfrom MSA
a Bacou-Dalloz IQ
dockingsystem
Scott Ska-PakÂŽ AT
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nomical and a complete solution to therooferâs fall-protection needs. It contains thefall protection a roofer needs in a five-gal-lon bucket. 800-633-3954 or elkriver.com.
From the Miller Fall ProtectionDivision of Bacou-Dalloz are Miller a
Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 3
âź Sellstrom catalogs are available on CD-ROM
Miller Grip anchorageconnectors
NightHawk rooferâskit harness from
Elk River, Inc.
1.800.MSA.2222MSAnet.com
From Sellstrom are all of the compa-nyâs safety catalogs on a new self-loadingCD-ROM. The CD inludes: Eye, Ear, Headand Face Protection Catalog; WeldingProtection Catalog; Respiratory ProtectionCatalog; Emergency Eyewash and ShowerCatalog; General Safety Catalog; FallProtection Catalog; Fall Protection CustomSolutions Brochure, and Price List. 800-323-7402, sellstrom.com or fallprotection.com.
AGAINST FALLSâŚFrom DBI/SALA, 800-328-6146 or sala-group.com are:
â The WrapBaxâ˘lanyard, which isdesigned for tie-back use, elimi-nating the needfor anchorstraps. The newlanyard incorpo-rates a pistol-grip design forone-handedoperation evenwhen wearing
gloves. It features a hook that exceeds the5,000-pound strength requirements fromevery angle.â The Fall Protection and Rescue Systemscatalog. This 68-page, full-color catalogprovides detailed descriptions of the compa-nyâs products, and training and consultingservices.
From Elk River, Inc.,is the NightHawk rooferâskit, which the companydescribes as both eco-
DBI/SALAWrapBax⢠lanyard.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 20034
Grip anchorage connectors, which provideportable, reusable anchor points for use infall-protection. Also available is a temporaryhorizontal lifeline kit that accommodatestwo workers, the company says. 800-873-5242 or bacou-dalloz.com.
From ProtectaInternational, 800-856-2442 or protecta.com, are:â Silverback⢠line of full-body harnesses, which thecompany says utilizesback pads and combina-tion leg and hip pads toenhance comfort. Quick-connect, quick-releaseand easy adjustmentmake the buckles easy tomanipulate, even with agloved hand, accordingto the company.â AD212AG self-retracting lifeline, whichthe company says has a two-pawl brakingsystem that uses the principles of centrifugalforce to arrest a fall. Fall arrest begins with-in two feet with energy absorber activationtaking place when an impact load meets orexceeds 250 pounds.
FOR THE HEAD, FACE AND EYES1âŚFrom AOSafety/Aearo Co., 800-255-9038, are:â Maxim⢠series of safety eyewear, featur-ing frames that are up to 15 percent lighterthan competitive eyewear, as well as elas-tomeric browguards and temple accents foroptimum facial comfort. Aosmaxim.com.â Virtuaâ˘safety eye-wear, whichthe companysays blendsunisexstyling,impact pro-tection andaffordability into a design that weighs lessthan one ounce. It is available in clear, grayand indoor/outdoor lenses. Aosafety.com.
From the FendallÂŽ Division of Bacou-Dalloz is the Pure Flow 1000ÂŽ eyewash sta-
tion, which the com-pany says offers self-contained, low-main-
caption
caption
N E W P R OT E C T I O N c o n t i n u e d
FendallÂŽ
Pure Flow 1000ÂŽ
eyewash station
E ⢠A ⢠R S O F T⢠F X
LEADING THE ADVANCEMENT OF HEARING PROTECTION.â˘
Best NRR. Best fit. Best price.You just canât get any better. Eâ˘Aâ˘Rsoft⢠FX shaped earplugs fit the ear canalmore effectively to help provide an NRR of 33 dBâthe best protection ofany earplug. Thatâs not all, in a plug-to-plug comparison test for softness andcomfort, wearers said Eâ˘Aâ˘Rsoft⢠FX earplugs were the best. Ready for this?Theyâre also the lowest priced shaped polyurethane earplug in the industry.
New Eâ˘Aâ˘Rsoft⢠FX earplugs. The best of all.
Get your Free Samples. Visit our website at www.earsoftfx.com
Eâ˘Aâ˘RSOFTâ˘
FX SHAPED EARPLUGS.NEWSilverbackâ˘full-bodyharness fromProtectaInternational
AOSafetyVirtua⢠safety eyewear
1 ALL LENSES MENTIONED IN PROTECTION UPDATE MEET THE ANSI Z87.1 STANDARD FOR INDUSTRIAL EYE PROTECTION.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 5
tenance emergency eye care. The Pure Flow1000 meets the ANSI Z358.1-1998Eyewash and Shower Standard, accordingto the company. 800-FENDALL or bacou-dalloz.com.
FromHornell,Inc., aremolded pro-tection platesfor itsSpeedglasÂŽ
9000 andutility seriesof auto-dark-ening weld-ing lenses.These pro-tectionplates offerthe same impact protection as previousmodels, but with increased clarity throughan improved manufacturing process,
according to thecompany. 800-628-9218 or hor-nell.com.
From KleinTools is a new lineof protective eye-wear that, the com-pany says, hasanti-fog, scratch-resistant, and anti-UV lens coatings;adjustable templelengths, and wrap-around designs.800-553-4676 orkleintools.com.
From Mine Safety Appliances Co. isthe âAmerican Flagâ hardhat, with eachshiny helmet being âuniqueâ because each iscovered with a slightly different flag pattern,
according to the company. The helmets meetor exceed applicable requirements of ANSIZ89.1-1997 for a Type I helmet (Class E).800-MSA-2222 or MSAnet.com.
FOR HANDS AND ARMSâŚFrom Marigold Industrial is the GraspHand Protection Report, a full-color, 26-page booklet of useful information abouthands and skin and how to protect them.Included is information about how toassess and select hand protection, thecosts of neglecting hand protection, andhow to find the right glove for the job. 888-566-3468 or marigoldindustrial.com. â
HandProtection
Report fromMarigold
Industrial
Molded protection plate forHornell SpeedglasÂŽ 9000
Klein Toolsâ new line of protective eyewear
MSAâsAmericanFlaghardhat
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6
ChoosingThe RightDisposableParticle MaskBy George BlankDraeger Safety
Respiratory protection is a broad sub-ject that can be complicated and mis-understood by even the most experi-
enced people. Moreover, there are many types of parti-
cle filtering respirators. General categoriesinclude: (1) disposable particle masks, (2) half-and quarter-mask respirators with a reusablefilter pad, and (3) half or full facemasks withreplaceable cartridges. In this article we willdiscuss the fundamentals of respiratory pro-tection, particles, and the most basic andwidely used form of individual worker respi-ratory protection â disposable particle masks,also known as filtering facemasks, which arewidely used in heavy construction.
Many activities involve substances againstwhich you need to protect yourself. Very fineaerosols or respirable dusts may bereleased by grinding, drilling, milling, aswell as painting and cleaning. These parti-cles can be a health hazard since they maycause respiratory tract and lung irritation,and diseases. In particular, diseases such asasbestosis and silicosis generally are knownto the public. However, many other sub-stances such as metal dusts and fumes alsocan cause diseases.
It is important to note that OSHAâs deci-sion logic requires the use of engineeringcontrols as the first line of defense againstrespiratory hazards. Individual respiratorsshould only be used when the hazard(s)cannot be eliminated by engineering methods.
Some fundamental information you shouldknow about respiratory protection: In orderto provide proper protection, users must
know what contaminant(s) they are beingsubjected to, the level of contaminant(s),and the permissible exposure limits of thecontaminant(s). They also must be trained inrespirator donning/doffing and such thingsas possible symptoms of over exposure.
Following manufacturesâ recommendationsfor donning respirators is very importantbecause improper donning can cause a poorfit and subject the user to high levels of con-taminants. Users must also be clean shavenand have been fit tested with the appropri-ate respirator within the last 12 months.
There are two basic fit-testing methods âqualitative (QLFT) and quantitative (QNFT).QLFT methods include smoke, Bitrexâ˘, sac-charin, and isoamyl acetate. This method canbe considered a go-no-go type of test. Theuser must not detect any of the test media inorder to pass the test. If the media are detect-ed by taste or smell, the fit test has failed.The QNFT test method has two approvedtesters; the Fit Test 3000 by OHD and thePortacount by TSI. These testers provide anactual number that signifies how well themask fits. If a test from either the QNFT orQLFT method has failed, the wearer shouldre-don the same mask, select a different size,or try a different brand until a successful testhas been achieved.
Particles are the smallest solid and/or liq-uid parts that may result from mechanicalprocesses such as grinding, crushing andmilling, and also from thermal processessuch as combustion, reactions and heatingmetal. Merely mixing and sweeping of sub-stances, or demolition and renovation workcan spread particles in the air.
Particles with a size of less than 5 micronsare referred to as respirable substances orfine dusts. Table 1 shows different substanceswith their average size distribution demon-strating where contaminants occur. Finedusts are invisible and may penetrate therespiratory tract as far down as the alveoli.
Filtering half masks must in general notbe used for protection against radioactivesubstances, micro-organisms and biochemi-cally active substances.
All varieties of particle filtering respiratorsare manufactured to fit into one of the nine
ABOUT THE AUTHORGeorge Blank is respiratoryprotection product manager forDraeger Safety. The Pittsburgh-based company and ISEAmember is a manufacturer ofrespiratory protection and gasdetection equipment. ReachBlank at 412-787-8383 [email protected].
Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003
Look forRespiratoryProtection FromISEA MemberCompaniesAearo Company
Bacou-Dalloz
Brookdale InternationalSystems, Inc.
Bullard
Draeger Safety, Inc.
Hornell, Inc.
International SafetyInstruments, Inc.
Interspiro
3M Company
Micronel Safety, Inc.
Mine Safety Appliances Co.
Moldex-Metric, Inc.
North Safety Products
Phoenix ProtectiveTechnologies Inc.
Scott Health & Safety
Sellstrom
Shalon Chemical Industries
U.S. Safety
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 7
categories of particle filtering media. Three categories of the filter media that
concern oil-based aerosols are: N â Not oilresistant, R â Oil Resistant, and P- Oil Proof;three levels of filtering efficiency are 95%,97%, and 99.97% (100). The P100 providesthe greatest level of protection and the N95provides the lowest level. See Table 2.
Filtering facemasks are available in shapesthat include preformed three dimensional,accordion flat fold, fold in half and combi-nations of these designs. Folded masks thatare individually packaged can be kept cleanwhen taken to the workplace in pockets orwork supply containers. When at the work-place, a clean mask can be donned quickly.
A layered filter material should providelonger service life than a single ply material.
The filter material should keep breathingresistances at an extremely low level; to min-imize the heat generated within the mask.Furthermore, many masks are equipped withan exhalation valve, which even furtherreduces breathing resistance and heat buildup. Heat buildup and breathing resistancerepresent two of workersâ principal objectionsto wearing filtering face masks.
Features affecting user acceptance andmask quality include:â Cloth-faced elastic or rubber straps.â Number of attachment points of thestraps, 2 or 4.â Straps that are the proper length andstrength to obtain a proper fit.â Ease of donning and doffing.â Adjustable nose bridge seal clip.â Exhalation valve.â Breathing resistance.â Durability.â Interface with additional protective acces-sories such as goggles, ear protection or a
safety helmet without aproblem.
The respirator must not only meet safetyrequirements, but also should be userfriendly, comfortable, and easy to use.â
Table 2
95% 97% 99.97% N N95 N97 N100 R R95 R97 R100 P P95 P97 P100
Table 1
0.001 0.01 0.1 5 10 100 1000 10000 Âľm
ASHCOAL DUST
CEMENT DUSTMETALLURGIC FUMES AND DUST
SMOKEPAINT MIST FUNGUS SPORESOIL MIST POLLEN
BACTERIASANDTOBACCO SMOKE MIST
RAINDROPS
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 20038
A sensor verification test for gas-detection instruments must be con-ducted according to gas detector
manufacturersâ requirements to ensure sen-sors are working properly to save lives whenthe need arises, according to ISEA.
âUser safety is obviously the primary con-cern of portable instrument users,â saidGretchen Manning, chair of ISEAâs InstrumentsGroup, and Portable Instruments ProductGroup manager for Mine Safety AppliancesCo. (MSA). âBut reports coming to our atten-tion indicate that many users are confusedby calibration requirements and, therefore,may not take the time to perform a simplesensor verification test before each use.â
Calibration drift is normal and happensto most gas-detection instruments over time,Manning noted. If unchecked, it can lead toinaccurate readings and subsequent failure
to alarm at hazardous levels, risking usersâhealth and safety.
There are two ways to verify instrumentcalibration accuracy: (1) through a function-al or âbumpâ test, or (2) a full calibration.
âA âbumpâ test exposes the instrument toa known concentration of a test gas,âManning said. âThe instrument reading iscompared to the actual quantity of gas pre-sent, as indicated on the cylinder. If theinstrumentâs response is within an accept-able range of the actual concentration, thenits calibration is verified. If the bump testresults are not within the acceptable range,then a full calibration must be performed.â
ISEAâs new âStatement on Verification ofCalibration for Direct Reading Portable GasMonitors Used in Confined Spacesâ may befound on safetyequipment.org. â
How to Ensure GasDetection Sensor Accuracy
ISEA âSafety Stationâ Protects10,000 at World of ConcreteSome 10,000 visitors to World of Concrete(WOC) 2003 in Las Vegas returned to theirjobs better protected against hazards bypersonal protective equipment (PPE) distrib-uted at the âISEA Safety Station.â
Four leading PPE manufacturers and ISEAmembers â Aearo Company, Bacou-Dalloz,Mine Safety Appliances Co. and North SafetyProducts âgave out10,000pairs ofcomplimen-tary safety glasses and earplugs, and 5,000respirators at the âSafety Station,â which waslocated in the showâs outdoor demo area.With more than 73,000 registrants, the 2003show rivaled the all-time record of 77,000set in 2001. a
Heavy equipment passesthe ISEA Safety Station atWorld of Concrete 2003.
âź
â˛
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 9
ISI Frontier is the $895 SCBA that exceeds
industry standards.The ISI Frontierâs new Compact Demand Valve(CDV) delivers a flow rate that far exceeds bothNIOSH and NFPA breathing rates.Plus, itâs size (industryâssmallest) provides anunobstructed viewthrough the facemask orhood. Contact us andsee what else youâll getat this fantastic price.
888-ISI-SAFEwww.intsafety.com
âBy donating PPE to prevent construction-related injuries and illness, our membersunderscored their commitment to our industryâsultimate mission â worker protection,â saidISEA President Dan Shipp. âIf this gesture at
WOC saves one eye, or pre-vents one loss of hearing orinstance of lung damage,then our âSafety Stationâgoal has been achieved.â
In addition to safetyglasses,earplugs andrespirators,visitors tothe âSafetyStationâ col-lectedâPartnershipfor Worker
Protectionâ information âincluding Protection Updatesubscriptions â to enhancetheir overall worker safetyprograms. â
ISEAâs Safety Station was a busy place.
73,000 attended WOC 2003.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 200310
sues such as the eyes? Is the substance at aconcentration that makes it immediatelydangerous to life or health (IDLH)?
First, the respiratory protection programmust be in a written program or StandardOperating Procedure (SOP). It must act as aroadmap in providing the directions to suc-cessfully run the program. The detail requiredfor the program is mainly driven by the toxi-city of the hazard from which the employeeis being protected and site-specific concernssuch as the actual operation that is creatingthe hazard, the temperature, humidity, theemployeeâs work rate, and various other fac-tors. Additionally, the employer must consid-er how to handle emergency situations. Asuitably trained individual must administerthe program. As a minimum, the program
those cases, the manufacturer of the respi-rator(s) you choose can provide assistanceand recommend other sources of informa-tion. In addition, you may wish to considerobtaining help from an industrial hygienistor other health and safety professionals.
After becoming familiar with OSHAâs reg-ulation and knowing that you should onlyuse NIOSH-approved equipment, begin thedevelopment of your unique respiratory pro-tection program by understanding thenature of the hazard(s) from which theemployee is to be protected. Is it a gas,vapor, dust, fume, smoke, mist, etc? Whatare the concentrations? What are the healtheffects? Are the effects of the substance onlythrough the respiratory system or can theybe absorbed through the skin or other tis-
* Meets ANSI / ISEA107-1999 class 2 req.
* Approximately 1.6 lb.* Made out of polyester* Featuresheavy-duty
construction and easy to use fastenings.
* Sides are adjustable for a custom fit.
For more information:
Sellstrom/RTC800.323.7402
www.sellstrom.comwww.fallprotection.com
High visibility personal protective garment available in7000 Series without pockets or 7001 Series with pock-ets. Attaches to Sellstrom/RTC full body harnesseswith an opening for the back D-ring.
High VHigh Visibility PPE Garmentisibility PPE Garment7000 & 7001 Series7000 & 7001 Series
NEWNEW
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAMfrom coverADVERTISE
inProtectionUpdateContact Joe Walker,
editor, at jwalker@
safetyequipment.org
for further information.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 11
and that the label may not be removed andmust remain legible. â Training and Information â Outlines thetraining items that must be covered in train-ing and re-training employees in the use ofrespiratory protection; re-training must a
must include all the following elements:â Procedures for selecting respirators foruse in the workplace â Outlines how selec-tion of respirators should be made andsome of the items that must be consideredas part of the selection process.â Medical Evaluation â Details minimalrequirements to perform medical evalua-tions and how they should be done, and bywhom.â Fit Testing â Outlines the fit testingrequirements for use of respirators.Delineates the use of qualitative and/orquantitative fit test procedures. Fit testingmust be performed annually.â Use of Respirators â Details the responsi-bilities of the employer.â Maintenance and Care of Respirator âOutlines that the employer must provide forcleaning and disinfecting, storage, inspection,and repair of respirators used by employees.â Breathing Air Quality and Use â Outlinesthe breathing air requirement for supplied-air and SCBA respirators (not all programswill use this level of respiratory protection).â Identification of Filters, Cartridges andCanisters â Simply states that all filters,cartridges and canisters must be properlycolor coded with the NIOSH approval label,
Rule Will Address Number of Times aRespirator May Be UsedIn 2003, OSHA is expected to release aproposed rule that will be added to res-piratory protection regulation29CFR1910.134. This will be anassigned protection factor (APF) table.
APFs are the minimum expected work-place level of respiratory protection thatwould be provided by a properly func-tioning and used respirator or a class ofrespirator to properly fitted and trainedusers.
Simply stated, this number tells the userhow many times above the PermissibleExposure Limit the respirator may beused. Half-mask respirators, includingdisposable filtering facepieces, areassigned a 10, full facepiece respiratorsa 50, and so on.
The rulemaking process allows for publiccomments and hearings; the public isencouraged to comment.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 200312
be performed annually.â Program Evaluation â Outlines how theeffectiveness of a respiratory protection pro-
gram should be measured; it gives itemsthat should be examined, including fit,exposures, employee use, and maintenance.â Record Keeping â Outlines what writtenrecords the employer must keep.
Naturally, each program must be devel-oped based on employee needs andrequired level of respiratory protection.Once the hazard has been identified, theemployer can think about the selection of arespirator. This process really needs to occurprior to a program being written. Logically,you need to know the level of protectionprior to writing your program.
Often, the MSDS will indicate what levelof protection is needed and should be usedas a guide. For example, if we are talkingabout a relatively low toxicity chemical indust form and the exposure levels are low, adisposable filtering facepiece may be ade-quate and will not require an extremely in-depth respiratory protection program. If, onthe other hand, we are talking about ahighly toxic chemical vapor with excessiveconcentrations in the work place, a suppliedair respirator may be advised. This level ofrespiratory protection requires a much moredetailed respiratory protection program.
Construction trades are somewhat uniquebecause the worksite, as well as personnel,
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION from page 11
ExoFit. Comfort in uncomfortable places.The revolutionary ExoFit Harness. With state-of-the-art design and materials,itâs the safest, most comfortable harness ever made. Call 1-800-328-6146or visit www.salagroup.com. Itâs what the crew up there wants to wear.
â˘
â˘
60 stories high.10-inch girders.18 mph windsâŚ
Silica Hazard CardsAvailable from OSHA
New health hazard information on crys-talline silica is available from OSHA oncards to help workers and employersunderstand more about how they canprotect themselves against exposure.Pocket-size cards in English and Spanishprovide a quick reference and recom-mendations, they identify symptoms ofsilicosis and the most common causes ofoccupational exposure, and include rec-ommendations for appropriate use ofrespirators and other personal protectiveequipment. Visit the Publications/Posterspage of osha.gov.
Note: This article is based inlarge measure on an articlepublished in the January 2003issue of Plant Safety &Maintenance magazine, andwas reprinted with the permis-sion of that magazine.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 13
may be mobile. This situation presents somedifficulties in the implementation of a respi-rator program. It is important to considerthese nuances in developing a respiratorprogram.
Obviously, it may be necessary to obtainthe assistance of a health and safety profes-sional in setting up a program. Do not beafraid to ask questions and get assistance.Local OSHA consultation offices can be veryhelpful in providing guidance in these andmany other health and safety matters. â
ABOUT THE AUTHORJeffrey S. Birkner, M.S., CIH, is vice presidentâtechnical services, for Moldex-Metric, Inc. TheCulver City, Calif.-based company is an ISEAmember and manufacturer of respiratory andhearing protection. Reach Birkner at 310-837-6500 or [email protected].
Because we never know when an accident will happen, Draeger Safety maintains a stock of emergency safety equipment so you get the products you need when you need them...
You donât need to wait to get Draegerâs latest in respiratory protection technology, the ProAir SCBA. With over 112 years in the respiratory protection industry and with more SCBAâs in operation than any other manufacturer,Draegerâs ProAir SCBA not only delivers the air you vitally need, but also delivers quality at a price you can afford. Draeger also offers a number of rental program options. We have complete equipment rental packages for plant outages and shut downs or other turn-around jobs. Draeger also offers a full range of protection equipment from full face masks and half masks to emergency escape units. Click or call today 800-615-5503 and ask for our ProAir informaiton.
www.draeger.net ⢠[email protected]
Draeger Safety, Inc.101 Technology DrivePittsburgh, PA 15275
USAPhone (800) 615-5503
Fax (800) 922-5519
Draeger Canada, Ltd.7555 Danbro CrescentMississauga, ON L5N 6P9CanadaPhone (877) 372-4371Fax (800) 329-8823
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Tell Us Your StoryProtection Update seeks stories from
construction industry safety specialists
giving concrete (pardon the pun) exam-
ples about how their safety programs
incorporating personal protective equip-
ment have prevented injuries, saved
lives and saved their companiesâ money.
If you have a story to tell, contact Editor
Joe Walker at 703-525-1695 or jwalk-
[email protected]. If you send an
email, please provide your telephone
number. Protection Update will write the
stories for future newsletter issues based
upon your experiences.
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 200314
Employers who expose their workers toserious safety and health hazards andwho continue to defy worker safety
and health regulations will be subject to anenhanced enforcement policy under theU.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA). A PBS Frontline/NewYork Times series in January concerningsafety conditions at a companyâs pipefoundry operations apparently promptedOSHA to develop the new policy. It focuseson employers that have received violationsconsidered to be at the highest level ofseverity, OSHA said. The policy strengthensfive specific areas: (1) follow-up inspections,(2) programmed inspections, (3) public
awareness, (4) settlements, and (5) federalcourt enforcement. Visit osha.gov.
American Society of Safety Engineers(ASSE) welcomed the OSHA announce-ment. âThe unacceptable problem of theseâbad actorâ employers like those document-ed in the PBS Frontline/New York TimesseriesâŚis long standing. It is an encourag-ing development thatâŚOSHA will be takingthese steps to force a relatively small num-ber of employers, who flagrantly disregardoccupational safety and health laws, tounderstand and carry out their responsibili-ties,â said ASSE President Mark Hansen.
âWork Zone Flagger Training is anaffordable way to protect your crew and
M A K I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N S A F E R A R O U N D T H E N AT I O N
OSHAâs $100,000 Club for Construction-related Safety Violations
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has proposed penalties of $100,000 or more for the
following recent failures to protect workers from potential hazards, including many that could be avoided or mitigated
by safety equipment:
â Oakwood Homes Corp., Greensboro, N.C., $182,500 for failure to protect employees with adequate fall protection
at a Killeen, Texas, worksite. The company was cited for two alleged willful and numerous serious and other violations.
OSHA investigated after a worker was injured.
â Campo Sheet Metal Works Inc., Houston, $175,000 for failure to implement procedures to prevent the accidental
startup of a machine that contributed to the death of a 17-year-old worker. The citation involved four alleged willful and
two serious violations, including one for failing to require the use of personal protection equipment.
â Plum Creek wood products plant, Columbia Falls, Mont., $169,000 for failure to protect employees working on a
conveyor system; OSHA issued one willful, eight serious, two repeat, and one failure-to-correct citation after an accident
took the life of a worker.
â H.C. Price Co., Dallas, $150,000 for failure to protect workers excavating a pipeline near overhead power lines in
Genoa, Ill. OSHA investigated based on information that a worker was paralyzed after contacting a power line. Violations
included operating a crane and excavator too close to power lines, and issues involving fall protection and training.
â Johnson Bros. Corp., Litchfield, Minn., $126,000 for failing to protect workers from trenching and excavation hazards
at a Venice, Fla., job site. The company was cited for two willful violations of trenching standards.
â Brett-Robinson and three subcontractors, $126,000 for failing to protect workers from fall hazards at a 10-story
building under construction in Gulf Shores, Ala. The three subcontractors cited were United Forming, Inc., Baroco
Electric Construction Co., and Kittrell Acoustics, which also was cited for failing to provide eye protection for an employ-
ee using a nail gun. â
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Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003 15
those driving by them,â says National SafetyCouncil (NSC). The four-hour course meetsguidelines in the Manual of Uniform TrafficControl Devices and the ANSI standard ISEA-107-1999. Flagger students get a laminat-ed, pocket-sized Participant Guide that pro-vides quick reference. NSC Training Centersoffer the training in most states. Call 800-621-7619 or visit nsc.org/osh/flagsaft.htm.
New websites to enhance construc-tion worker safety have been launched byContractor Tools & Supplies magazine (con-tractortoolsandsupplies.com), which has astrong emphasis on safety, and theChicagoland Construction Safety Council(buildsafe.org). The CT&S site is designed tohelp contractors find their way âthrough themaze of cyber information,â writes EditorClair David Urbain. Within the âBuildsafeâ site,visitors will find useful links, resources andinformation geared to the construction safetyand health industry; contact webmaster JackKozina, 708-544-2082, with suggestions.
OSHA plans to move forward with anegotiated rulemaking to update its con-struction safety standard for cranesand derricks. The proposed list of Craneand Derrick Negotiated RulemakingAdvisory Committee members appears onOSHAâs website under Federal RegisterNotices. Visit osha.gov.
Concrete Sawing and Drilling Associationhas published a new CSDA SafetyManual. It features a Field Safety Manualsection with a sample policy statement,safety program responsibilities and sectionson electrical safety, vehicle safety policies,accident reporting, roadway safety policiesand employee safety orientation, accordingto Concrete Openings magazine. 727-577-5004 or csda.org.
OSHA reports that more than $2.2million in new funding is earmarkedin the Presidentâs Fiscal Year 2004 budgetfor outreach to Spanish and othernon-English-speaking workers; this isthe first time that OSHAâs budget will includeadditional funding for multilingual outreach.
National Work Zone AwarenessWeek was observed April 6-12 to empha-size the growing number of fatalities and
injuries that occur each year in roadwaywork zones. In 2001, the latest year for whichstatistics are available, more than 1,000people lost their lives in work zones. â
Your respiratory system hasnâtchanged in a million years.
North hasnât been around for a million years, but we have spent the last forty
designing and manufacturing innovative and comfortable respiratory products
to meet the needs of todayâs changing workplace. From disposable respirators
to SCBAs, we have a full line of products for a wide range of applications.
For advice on the selection and use of personal
protective equipment contact us:
800-430-4110 www.northsafety.com
Fortunately, the products to protect it have.
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16 Protection UPDATE | SPRING 2003
He Lives to Fight Another DayRobert, a fire captain in Columbia, S.C., was wearing respiratory protection as he climbed the stairs in a burningtwo-story apartment. Suddenly the roof collapsed; Robert was knocked down, pinned briefly on the floor, and
exposed to dense smoke and heat estimated at 2,500 degrees F. His clothing and equipment were ablaze as Robert extri-cated himself from the fallen debris and escaped. But his mask stayed in place, providing the fresh air that enabled him tolive to fight another fire. Respiratory protection by Mine Safety Appliances Co., MSAnet.com.
Smoke Wasnât In His EyesIn March 2000, Dennis escaped through thick smoke from a fire on the 18th floor of a Chicago apartment build-ing. When the buildingâs fire alarm sounded again in 2002, Dennis was prepared with a respiratory protection
escape hood. âHaving the mask knocked down the panic I was feeling so I could think of my plans and how to get out,âsaid Dennis, who already had plotted an escape route. Wearing the hood, he then helped a neighbor to safety. Parat Csmoke escape hood by Draeger Safety, draeger.net.
Hardhat âSaves His NeckâEric, a ventilation installation supervisor, fell about three meters onto the steel deck of an offshore accommodationplatform in the Gulf of Mexico. Although he suffered some fairly serious injuries â fractured sternum, neck injury,
and stitches to the back of the head â he credited his hardhat for staying in position during the fall and âsaving his neck,âeven though the helmet was not meant to provide fall protection for the head. Hardhat by Mine Safety Appliances Co. â
WorksforYou
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
1901 North Moore StreetArlington, VA 22209-1762 USA
Editorâs Note: Protection Update welcomes contribu-tions from readers for our regular Safety EquipmentWorks for You feature. Email examples of where PPEhas saved workersâ lives or prevented injuries to EditorJoe Walker, [email protected], or mailthem to the Editor, Protection Update, InternationalSafety Equipment Association, 1901 N. Moore Street,Suite 808, Arlington, VA 22209. Photos are welcome.