prospect of shopping mall in sylhet

2009

SEMINAR PAPER

PROFITABILTY ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SHOPPING MALLS IN SYLHET CITY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐This Paper has been prepared for submission to the Department of Business Administration, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology for the course no BAN 200 as a partial requirement of BBA program.

SHAHJALAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYLHET-3114

Letter of Certificate

I am highly pleased and satisfy to certify that a group of students of 2nd year 2nd semester of the department of business administration of Shahjalal university of science & technology, Sylhet-3114, have been given with the topic “profitability analysis of the existing shopping malls in Sylhet city” for preparing a seminar paper. The following students have studied as a team under my supervision: Name Registration No

Mukta Chakraborty 2005731004 S.M. Shamim-Ur-Rashid 2005731011 Sutapa Adhikary 2005731017 Shan Nafiz Ahmed 2005731022 Md. Younusul Haque Shipon 2005731029 Md. Joynul Jakerin 2005731036 Md. Ashiqur Rahman 2005731039 Debpriyo Das 2005731059 I also certify that the paper is an original one and has not been submitted elsewhere before. (Mohammad Shahidul Hoque) Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet-3114.

Letter of Submittal

March 22, 2009 To Mohammad Shahidul Hoque Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet. Subject: Submission of the seminar paper. Dear Sir, We have been assigned to prepare a seminar paper on the topic entitled “Profitability Analysis of Shopping Malls in Sylhet city”. We have the honor to submit it to you that has been prepared with intense care under your prudential and promising direction. For collection of data, we have reviewed literature, collected and analyzed previous sources of data and surveyed a good number of shopping malls in Sylhet city. Data and necessary topics provided by you were also helpful. May we note here that there has been no dearth of sincerity on our part to study. However, we would like to request you to consider if any unexpected mistake is found. Surely this study will enhance our practical knowledge to a great extent and work as an effective source for the future study. Finally we will highly appreciate if you kindly accept our paper and thereby permit us to present it before the panel of experts. Thanking you for your laborious assistance. Sincerely yours Mukta Chakraborty S. M. Shamim-Ur- Rashid Sutapa Adhikary Shan Nafiz Ahmed Md. Younusul Haque Shipon Md. Joynul Jakerin Md. Ashiqur Rahman Debpriyo Das

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“Profitability analysis of the existing shopping malls in Sylhet city” is the product of the concerted effort of a number of peoples. Heartfelt thanks to our many friends, acquaintances and business owner who have agreed to be interviewed so that we could bring real world into the paper. We convey a special gratitude to our seminar supervisor Mohammad Shahidul Hoque, assistant professor, Department of Business Administration, Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet for his valuable suggestions and a close supervision to conduct the entire seminar work. Many individuals have made their valuable comments throughout the development of this paper. We appreciate their helpful suggestions. We also feel it is important to acknowledge and thanks the teacher of the Department of Business Administration for their valuable contributions. We want to extend our gratitude to the members of management committee of different shopping malls who have been instrumental in providing much information necessary to the development of this seminar work.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The study explores shopping mall business in context of Sylhet, Bangladesh and illustrates practices in different countries of the world. Sylhet is one of the prominent cities in Bangladesh. Here shopping mall business is emerging rapidly due to several factors i.e., huge amount of idle money, availability of comparatively rich non-residential Bangladeshi customers, people’s preferences to more secured investment. After having ideas about the problems and prospects a survey was made among the related people of shopping mall industries. Some obstacle hampered our project activities. There was inadequacy of accounting information and peoples were not enough cooperative because of some restrictions. However, the study specially focuses on profitability of existing outlets in different shopping malls in Sylhet city. The paper also deals with much information related to shopping mall business which might be very useful to the interested users.

Contents In Brief

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION PAGE

1.1 INTRODUCTORY ASPECTS OF THE STUDY 2

1.2 OBJECTIVE 2

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 2

1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 2

1.5 INTRODUCING OUR GROUP MEMBERS 3

PART TWO: METHODOLOGY PAGE

2.1 METHODS OF THE STUDY 5

2.2 SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA 5

2.3 SAMPLE SIZE 5

2.4 SOURCES OF DATA 5

PART THREE: THE SCENERIO OF SHOPPING MALLS PAGE

3.1 DEFINITIONS OF SHOPPING MALL 7

3.2 REGIONAL DIFFERENCES 7

3.3 HISTORY 7-8

3.4 EARLY SHOPPING CENTERS 8-9

3.5 LARGEST SHOPPING MALLS 9

3.6 BRITISH USAGE 10

3.7 PERSPECTIVE BANGLADESH 10

3.8 BACKGROUND OF SHOPPING MALLLS IN SYLHET 11-13

3.9 CLASSES OF MALLS 13-14

3.10 COMPONENTS 14

3.11 DEAD MALLS 14-15

3.12 NEW TRENDS 15

3.13 SHOPPING PROPERTY MANAGEMENT FIRMS 15

3.14 NEW TOWNS 16

3.15 TYPES OF SHOPPING FACILITIES 16

Contents In Brief

4.1 PROFITABILTY ANALYSIS 18

4.2 WHY NEEDED PROFITABILTY RATIO FOR A FIRM 18

4.3 FACTORS AFFECTING PROFITABILTY 18

4.4 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FEW TERMS 19-20

5.1 PROFITABILTY ANALYSIS 26-29

5.2 ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT DATA 30-34

6.1 FINDINGS 36

6.2 RECOMMENDATION 36

6.3 CONCLUSION 37

PART SIX: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION PAGE

PART FOUR: UNDERSTANDING PROFITABILTY ANALYSIS PAGE

PART FIVE: ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA PAGE

PART SIX: FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION PAGE

APPENDIX PAGE (38-40)

• REFERENCE

• QUESTIONNAIRE- Q1 (FOR MANAGEMENT) ,Q2 (FOR OUTLET OWNER)

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NAME PAGE NUMBER Net profit margin 26 Return on Assets 27 Assets Turnover 28 Return on Equity 29 Form of ownership 30 Mode of possession 30 Opinion on possession value 31 Customers type 31 Comments on customer growth 32 Mode of financing 32 Profitability of the outlets 33 Comments on profit 33 Comments on sales growth 34 Willingness to continue 34

LIST OF GRAPHS

GRAPH NUMBER GRAPH NAME PAGE NO Figure A1 Net profit margin 25 Figure A.2 Return on Assets (EBIT (1-T)/Asset) 26 Figure A.3 Assets Turnover (Sales/Total Assets) 27 Figure A.4 Return on Equity 28 Figure B.1 Form of Ownership 29 Figure B.2 Mode of Possession 29 Figure B.3 Opinion about possession value 30 Figure B.4 Customers type 30 Figure B.5 Comments on customer growth 31 Figure B.6 Mode of financing 31 Figure B.7 Profitability of the outlets 32 Figure B.8 Comments on profit 32 Figure B.9 Comments on sales growth 33 Figure B.10 Willingness to continue 33

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PART ONE

INTRODUCTION

----------------------Profitability analysis of existing Shopping malls in Sylhet city---------------------

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introductory aspects of the study The concept of shopping mall started with the establishment of Gostiny Dvor in Saint Petersburg, which opened in 1785. A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retails units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit. It is a accumulation of small & medium enterprise to meet up the customer demand under a large construction set up in city area to earn profit with mutual benefit. Bangladesh, in spite of being a developing country, a good number of world class shopping malls are available here. Those are playing an important role in meeting up increasing demand of modern society. Sylhet is one of the prominent city in Bangladesh. Here shopping mall industry is booming up as a part of real estate development. Most of the modern shopping malls in Sylhet city have been built within last decade. The trend is still going on.

1.2 Objective of the study

To know the background and present situation of shopping mall industry To find out the profitability of existing shopping malls To compare the performance of different shopping malls in Sylhet city To find out the information related to shopping mall industry

1.3 Scope of the study The study has been undertaken on the basis of the information which includes interview to the different persons associated with shopping mall industry. 1.4 Limitation of the study

We won’t say that our study and the decisions we are self-sufficient. That does not mean that there was any dearth of our professionalism and eagerness to reach the solution, rather it means that we had to face some struggle. Those are summarized as follows:

Inadequate accounting information Peoples unwillingness to be interviewed Lack of experience Limited time Unavailability of primary data


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1.5 Introducing our group members Our study group consists of eight members, from eighth batch, Department of Business Administration under the School of Business and Management, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. The group members are very much enthusiastic, innovative, curious and dedicated to the development of this paper.

Mukta Chakraborty is from Mymensingh. She is an ex-student of Muminnesa Govt. College. She was a learner of humanities group. She is an enthusiastic young girl very much interested in reading novels and traveling. Sutapa Adhikary, is from Dhaka. She is a former student of Motijheel Model High School and College. She is from science group. Sutapa is very much interested in reading stories and enjoys traveling. S. M. Shamim-Ur-Rasheed, whose home district is Dhaka, a former student of Adamzee Cant. College, Dhaka. He was a learner of science group. Tushar enjoys playing football, browsing internet and traveling. Shan Nafiz Ahmed, is form Sylhet. He is an ex-student of Jalalabad Cantonment Public School & College. He is from science group. He likes to action movie, metallic song.

Md. Younusul Haque Shipon, is from Sylhet. He is a former student of M. C. College, Sylhet. Shipon is from science group. He feels very much interest in net surfing, reading newspaper, stories and novels, and playing cricket.

Md. Joynul Jakerin, has been born in Laxmipur. He is an ex-student of Chattak College, Sunamgonj. Jakerin is from science group. He enjoys photographing, traveling, playing Cricket. Md. Ashiqur Rahman, is from Rangpur. He is a former student of Police Line School and College. Rahman comes from science group.He likes playing Cricket, Football and reading novels. Debpriyo Das, whose home district is Moulvibazar, is an ex-student of Madan Mohan College, Sylhet. He was a student of commerce group. He likes watching television and reading journals.


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PART TWO

METHODOLOGY


5METHODOLOGY

2.1 Methods of the study This paper is being tried to complete quantitative and macro level study in a confined, specific and a given period. To prepare the term paper we have followed some specific methods and techniques, which were helpful collecting and analyzing data. After we determine what and why we are looking for, then we begin our task. In this paper we have used mainly primary data. After getting adequate materials, we went through the materials and were trying to find the answer of our objective questions. Within the process we had to conduct with our supervisor and some of the teachers of our department. Evaluating all the information we gathered we reached our conclusion. 2.2 Selection of the study area Our study covered the present situation of shopping mall industries in the Sylhet city as a requirement of our seminar work. We also examined practices of shopping mall in different developed and developing countries. We also discussed the meaning, classifications and scenario of shopping malls in the world’s perspective. 2.3 Sample size We have randomly selected ten shopping malls from a number of shopping malls in Sylhet city. Then we again randomly selected ten outlets from each shopping mall. Finally, we found hundred outlets on which we conducted our survey. 2.4 Sources of data The development of our study based on interviews of different persons associated with shopping mall industries. We have also reviewed many secondary data for analytical purpose but the data was inadequate. To understand the given topic and its related field, we have

Online journals Print journals Previous research work


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PART THREE

THE SCENARIO OF SHOPPING MALLS


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THE SCENERIO OF SHOPPING MALLS

3.1 Definition of Shopping malls

Mall can refer to either a shopping mall – a place where a collection of shops all adjoin a pedestrian area – or an exclusively pedestrian street that allows shoppers to walk without interference from vehicle traffic. Mall is generally used in North America and Australasia to refer to a large shopping area usually composed of a single building which contains multiple shops, usually "anchored" by one or more department stores surrounded by a parking lot, while the term arcade is more often used, especially in Britain, to refer to a narrow pedestrian-only street, often covered or between closely spaced buildings. A larger, often partly covered and exclusively pedestrian shopping area is in Britain also termed a shopping centre, shopping precinct, or pedestrian precinct.

A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retails units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit.

The accumulation of small & medium enterprise to meet up the customer demand under a large construction set up in city area to earn profit with mutual benefit.

3.2 Regional differences In most of the world the term shopping centre is used, especially in Europe and Australasia; however shopping mall is also used, predominantly in North America. Shopping precinct and shopping arcade are also used. In North America, the term shopping mall is usually applied to enclosed retail structures (and may be abbreviated to simply mall) while shopping centre usually refers to open-air retail complexes.

Malls in Ireland, pronounced "mails", are very small shopping centers placed in the centre of town. They average about twenty years in age, with a mix of local shops and chain stores. These malls do not have shops found in the high street or modern shopping centers.

Shopping centers in the United Kingdom can be referred to as "shopping centers", "shopping precincts", or just "precincts", but with American-style centers becoming more common in the UK, the term mall is gradually growing in use, at least among the younger generation.

3.3 History

Isfahan's Grand Bazaar, which is largely covered, dates from the 10th century A.D. The 10 kilometer long covered Tehran’s Grand Bazaar also has a long history. The Grand Bazaar of Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered markets in the world, with more than 58 streets and 4000 shops.

Gostiny Dvor in Saint Petersburg, which opened in 1785, may be regarded as one of the first purposely-built shopping malls, as it consisted of more than 100 shops covering an area of over 53,000 m².

The Oxford covered market in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today.

The Burlington Arcade in London was opened in 1819. The Arcade in Providence, Rhode Island introduced the concept to the United States in 1828. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, Italy followed in the 1860s and is closer to large modern malls in spaciousness. Other large cities created arcades and shopping centers in the late 19th century and early 20th century, including the Cleveland


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Arcade and Moscow's GUM in 1890. Early shopping centers designed for the automobile include Market Square, Lake Forest, Illinois (1916) and Country Club Plaza, Kansas City, Missouri (1924).

Iguatemi São Paulo, Brazil Gostiny Dvor, Saint Petersburg

An early indoor mall in the United States was the Lake View Store at Morgan Park, Duluth, Minnesota, which was built in 1915 and held its grand opening on July 20, 1916. The architect was Dean and Dean from Chicago and the building contractor was George H. Lounsberry from Duluth. The building is two-stories with a full basement and shops were originally located on all three levels. All of the stores were located within the interior of the mall with some shops being accessible from both inside and out.

In the mid-20th century, with the rise of the suburb and automobile culture in the United States, a new style of shopping centre was created away from downtown.

3.4 Early Shopping Centers

An early shopping center in the United States was Country Club Plaza, which opened in 1924 in Kansas City, Missouri. Other important shopping centers built in the 1920s and early 1930s are the Highland Park Village in Dallas, Texas; River Oaks in Houston, Texas; and Park and Shop in Washington, DC.

However, the concept of the fully-enclosed shopping mall did not appear until the 1950s. The idea was pioneered by the Austrian-born architect and American immigrant Victor Gruen. This new generation, that were eventually called malls, included Northgate Mall, built in north Seattle, Washington, USA in 1950, Victor Gruen's Northland Shopping Center built near Detroit, Michigam, USA in 1954, and Gulfgate Mall in Houston were all originally open-air pedestrian shopping centers that later were enclosed as malls. The first enclosed, postwar shopping center (or mall) was the Gruen-designed Southdale Center, which opened in the twin cities suburb of Edina, Minnesota, USA in 1956. These malls moved retailing away from the dense, commercial downtown into the largely residential suburbs. This formula (enclosed space with stores attached, away from downtown, and accessible only by automobile) became a popular way to build retail across the world. In the UK, Chrisp Street Market was the first pedestrian shopping area built with a road at the shop fronts.

The Bergen Mall, the oldest enclosed mall in New Jersey, opened in Paramus on November 14, 1957, with Dave Garroway, host of The Today Show, serving as master of ceremonies. The mall, located just outside New York City, was planned in 1955 by Allied Stores to have 100 stores and 8,600 parking spaces in a 1.5 million ft² mall that would include a 300,000 ft² Stern's store and two other


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150,000 ft² department stores as part of the design. Allied's chairman B. Earl Puckett confidently announced the Bergen Mall as the largest of ten proposed centers, stating that there were 25 cities that could support such centers and that no more than 50 malls of this type would ever be built nationwide.

3.5 Largest shopping mall

Centre Commercial Al Qods in Algiers, the largest shopping mall of Africa. Two of the largest malls are in China, South China Mall and Jin Yuan. Dubai Mall is the largest mall in Middle East and Europe, currently ranked seventh in the world. Previously, the title of the largest enclosed shopping mall was with the West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from 1986–2004. It is now the fifth largest mall.

Beijing's (Peking) Golden Resources Mall, which opened in October 2004, is the world's second largest mall, at 600,000 m² (approximately 6 million square ft). Berjaya Times Square in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia is advertised at 700,000 square meters (7,530,000 sq ft). SM City North EDSA in the Philippines, which opened in November 1985, is the world's third largest at 460,000 square meters (4,951,400 sq ft) of gross floor area, and SM Mall of Asia in the Philippines, opened in May 2006, is the world's fourth largest at 386,000 square meters (4,154,900 sq ft) of gross floor area.

Centre Commercial Al Qods, Algieria Pitt street Mall, Sydney,Australia

One of the world's largest shopping complexes in one location is the two-mall agglomeration of the Plaza at King of Prussia and the Court at King of Prussia in the Philadelphia suburb of King of Prussia, ennsylvania, United States. The King of Prussia mall has the most shopping per square foot in the U.S.The most visited shopping mall in the world and largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America, located near the Twin cities in Bloomington, Minnesota. However, several Asian malls are advertised as having more visitors, including Mal Taman Anggrk, Kelapa Gading Mall and Megamal Pluit, all in Jakarta-Indonesia, Berjaya Times Square in Malaysia and SM Megamall in the Philippines. The largest mall in South Asia, and twelfth largest in the world, is Bashundhara City in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The largest mall in the Asia, and the third largest in the world, is the Jamuna Future Park which is going to be opened soon.

Pitt Street Mall of Sydney is Australia's busiest shopping precinct. This mall has eight retail centres and more than 600 speciality stores, within two city blocks.


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3.6 British usage

The majority of British shopping centers are in town centres, usually inserted into old shopping districts and surrounded by subsidiary open air shopping streets. A number of large out-of-town "regional malls" such as Meadowhall, Sheffield and the Trafford Centre, Manchester were built in the 1980s and 1990s, but planning regulations prohibit the construction of any more. Out-of-town shopping developments in the UK are now focused on retail parks, which consist of groups of warehouse style shops with individual entrances from outdoors. Planning policy prioritizes the development of existing town centres, although with patchy success. The Metro centre, Gateshead, is the largest shopping centre in Europe with over 330 shops, 50 restaurants and an 11 screen cinema, while the Westfield London is the largest inner-city shopping centre in Europe.

3.7 Perspective Bangladesh

Bashundhara City located in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is the largest shopping mall in South Asia. It was opened to public on 6 August 2004. It is located at Panthapath, near Karwan Bazar, in Dhaka city.

Bashundara City, Dhaka

Bashundhara City is 21 stories tall, of which 8 are used for the mall and remaining floors are used as the corporate headquarters of the Bashundhara Group.

The mall has space for 2,500 retail stores and cafeterias and also possesses a large underground gymnasium, a multiplex styled movie theater and top floor food court along with an indoor theme park. The fully air-conditioned shopping mall with rooftop gardens is considered a modern symbol of the emerging city of Dhaka.

Jamuna Future Park is the third largest Mall in the world. It is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the largest mall in Asia. The project construction started in 2001 but due to political and legal issues, the project was put on-hold until 2006. After that, when it was legalized, construction continued and by 2008, most of the exterior was completed. It is scheduled to open to public by mid-2009.

This mall will be completely an international-standard mall with international fashion and fast food brands as well as local brands. It will have the biggest hypermarket in Bangladesh as well.


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3.8 Backgrounds of shopping Malls in Sylhet city

3.8.1 A brief introduction to Sylhet

Loc

Area: 12,569 km² Population: Density: Time zone: Country: Bangladesh

Sylhet is a major city in north-eastern Bangladesh. It is the capital of Sylhet Division and Sylhet District. Sylhet is located on the banks of the Surma River and is surrounded by the Jaintia, Khasi and Tripura hills. The city has a high density population, with nearly 500,000 people. The city is well known for its tea gardens tropical forests, and its business boom— being one of the richest cities in Bangladesh, with new investments of hotels, shopping malls and luxury housing estates, brought mainly by expatriates living in the United Kingdom, where many originate from this city. The city is described as a City of Saints, the mausoleum of the great saint Hazrat Shah Jalal , who brought Islam to Bengal during the 14th century, is located here.

3.8.2 Economic Importance of Sylhet.

The construction industry in Sylhet is currently booming, with many shopping centers and apartments being built to luxurious standards funded by foreign investment from Sylhetis living abroad, in particular by British Bangladeshis, over 95 percent of who come from Sylhet, and are now looking to invest back in Sylhet. As a result property prices are rising. Many new shopping mall often themed on those found in London, have also been established to cater to the visiting Sylheti expatriate population and the growing Sylheti middle classes. These include, the London Mansion, Rose View Hotel (The only 5 Star Hotel in Sylhet), Sylhet Millennium, Blue Water, London Fried Chicken and Tessco (misspelt from the original Tesco. And the first Apart-Hotel and resort in Bangladesh is a five-star hotel, called "Grand Sylhet".


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During the fiscal year of 2005-06, the flow of foreign remittances rose by 25 percent to $4.8 billion, which have been sent mostly by expatriates of Sylheti origin in the UK. That amount is expect to increase to $5.5 billion in 2007, with the government's attention toward supervising and monitoring banks. The amount of idle money lying with the commercial banks in Sylhet as deposits is about 4,000 crore taka, which is not common in the rest of Bangladesh.

The Bangladesh government has taken steps to set up a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Sylhet, in order to attract foreign investors, notably non-resident Bangladeshis living abroad. Such include people from Sylheti origin that reside in the UK. The plan comes as an initiative toward stimulating the ongoing investment that has already taken place in Sylhet as well as providing a basis towards long-term investment to turn Sylhet into a major economic hub. Investments by British Bangladeshis led the way for two additional privately owned airlines, Royal Bengal Airlines and United Airways (Bangladesh), to launch services in 2007. The investment is regarded to serve the Sylheti population living in the UK. Air Sylhet is another British-Bangladeshi owned UK airline that hopes to launch services in 2007. The Sylhet area contains several important natural gas fields, which make an important contribution to the energy balance of Bangladesh.

3.8.3 Some alluding shopping malls in Sylhet city

Sylhet City Center Blue Water Shopping Center

1. Al-Hamra Shopping City 2. Blue Water Shopping City 3. Sylhet Millennium Mall 4. City Centre 5. Latif Center

6. Manru Shopping Center 7. Kakoli Shopping Center 8. Galleria Shopping Center 9. Kaniz Plaza 10. Garden Tower


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3.8.4 Reasons behind the emergence of shopping malls in Sylhet

Huge amount of idle money More secured investment Availability of comparatively rich expatriate customers High standard of living One of the richest city in Bangladesh

3.9 Classes of malls

Abasto Shopping Centre, Buenos Aires Parque antara Polanco, Mexico City

In many cases, regional and super-regional malls exist as parts of large superstructures which often also include office space, residential space, amusement parks and so forth. This trend can be seen in the construction and design of many modern supermalls such as Cevahir Mall in Turkey. The International Council of Shopping Centers' 1999 definitions were not restricted to shopping centers in any particular country, but later editions were made specific to the U.S. with a separate set for Europe.

3.9.1 Regional Malls

A regional mall is, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, in the United States, a shopping mall which is designed to service a larger area than a conventional shopping mall. As such, it is typically larger with 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) to 800,000 square feet (74,000 m2) gross leasable area with at least two anchors and offers a wider selection of stores. Given their wider service area, these malls tend to have higher-end stores that need a larger area in order for their services to be profitable. Regional malls are also found as tourist attractions in vacation areas.

Selfridges’s department store, Bullring


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3.9.2 Super-regional Malls

A super-regional mall is, per the International Council of Shopping Centers, in the U.S. a shopping mall with over 800,000 square feet (74,000 m2) of gross leasable area, and which serves as the dominant shopping venue for the region in which it is located.

3.9.3 Outlet Malls

An outlet mall (or outlet centre) is a type of shopping mall in which manufacturers sell their products directly to the public through their own stores. Other stores in outlet malls are operated by retailers selling returned goods and discontinued products, often at heavily reduced prices. Outlet stores were found as early as 1936, but the first multi-store outlet mall, Vanity Fair, located in Reading P.A didn't open until 1974. Belz Enterprises opened the first enclosed factory outlet mall in 1979, in Lakeland TN, a suburb of Memphis.

3.10 Components

3.10.1 Food Court

Food court, White Rose Centre, Leeds,UK.

A shopping mall food court consists of food vendors offering a selection of food. At a typical food court, food is ordered at one of the vendors and then consumed at a seating area, which is normally a plaza surrounded by the counters of the multiple food vendors.

3.10.2 Department Stores

When the shopping mall format was developed by Victor Gruen in the mid-1950s, signing larger department stores was necessary for the financial stability of the projects, and to draw retail traffic that would result in visits to the smaller stores in the mall as well. These larger stores are termed anchor store or draw tenant. Anchors generally have their rents heavily discounted, and may even receive cash inducements from the mall to remain open. In physical configuration, anchor stores are normally located as far from each other as possible to maximize the amount of traffic from one anchor to another.

3.11 Dead Malls

In the U.S, as more modern facilities are built, many early malls have become abandoned, due to decreased traffic and tenancy. These "dead malls" have failed to attract new business and often sit unused for many years until restored or demolished. Interesting examples of architecture and urban design, these structures often attract people who explore and photograph them. This phenomenon of dead and dying malls is examined in detail by the website Deadmalls.com, which hosts many such photographs, as well as historical accounts. Until the mid-1990s, the trend was to build enclosed malls


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and to renovate older outdoor malls into enclosed ones. Such malls had advantages such as temperature control. Since then, the trend has turned and it is once again fashionable to build open-air malls. According to the International Council of Shopping Centers, only one enclosed mall has been

Patchwat,Bristol,England Fashion Centre,Pentagon,USA

Built in the United States since 2006.Some enclosed malls have been opened up, such as the Sherman Oaks Galleria. In addition, some malls, when replacing an empty anchor location, have replaced the former anchor store building with the more modern outdoor design, leaving the remainder of the indoor mall intact, such as the Del Amo Fashion Center in Torrance, California.

3.12 New Trends

In parts of Canada, it is now rare for new shopping malls to be built, as outdoor outlet malls or big box shopping areas known as power centres are now favored, although the traditional enclosed shopping mall is still in demand by those seeking weather-protected, all-under-one-roof shopping. In addition the enclosed interconnections between downtown multi story shopping malls continue to grow in the Underground city of Montreal (32 kilometres of passageway), the PATH system of Toronto (27 km of passageway) and the Plus15 system of Calgary (16 km of overhead passageway).

3.12.1 Vertical malls

Due to the high land price in densely populated conurbations such as Hong Kong and Bangkok, and the higher yield on retail property, the "vertical mall" is common –Times Square-Hong kong is considered the first of its kind.The concept of the vertical mall departs from the common western model of the flat shopping mall: space allocated to retail is configured over a number of storeys accessible by escalators linking the different levels of the mall. The challenge of this type of mall is to overcome the natural tendency of shoppers to move horizontally and encourage shoppers to move upwards and downwards.

3.13 Shopping Property Management Firms

A shopping property management firm is a company that specializes in owning and managing shopping malls. Most shopping property management firms own at least 20 malls, often specializing in one area. Some firms use a similar naming scheme for most of their malls; for example, Mills Corporation puts "Mills" in most of their mall names and SM Prime Holdings of the Philippines puts "SM" in all of their malls, as well as anchor stores such as SM Department Store, SM Appliance Center, SM Hypermarket, SM Cinema, and SM Supermarket.


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3.14 New Towns

Many new towns in the United Kingdom, such as Cumbernauld, Milton Keynes, Washington, Tyne and Wear, Newton Aycliffe and Telford, did not incorporate a traditional style town centre but instead a shopping centre was developed. Unlike the shopping centres which were developing in established towns and cities, these also contained many civic functions and other community facilities such as libraries, pubs and community centres. As the towns grew, other facilities were usually developed around the centres, effectively enlarging the town centers.

3.15 Types of shopping facilities

• Big-box store • Strip mall • Plaza • Market • Main street • High street • Town square • Power centre • Lifestyle center


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PART FOUR

UNDERSTANDING PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS


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UNDERSTANDING PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS

4.1 Profitability Analysis Profitability analysis is the process of determining the significant operating and financial characters tics of a firm from accounting data and financial statement. The goal of such analysis is to determine the efficiency and performance of the firm’s management, as reflected in the financial records and reports. The analyst is attempting to measure the firm liquidity, profitability, and others indicator that business is conducted in a rational & orderly way. If a firm doesn’t achieve financial norms for its industry or relationship among data seems reasonable, the analyst notes the deviation. The burden of explaining the apparent problem may then he placed open management. Financial analysis is used primarily to gain insight into operating and financial problem confronting the firm. With respect to this problem, we must be careful to distinguish between the cause of problem and a symptom of it. A cause is an event that produces a result or effect; in our case the result is a problem. A symptom is a visible indicator that problems exist. The firms may observe symptom, such as a low level of profit, but it must deal with cause of problem, such ad high cost. If it doesn’t deal with the problem cause, the firm will probable not be able to correct the problem. 4.2 Why needed profitability ratio on a firm ► To compare different companies in the same industry. Ratio can highlight the factor associated with successful and unsuccessful firms. They can reveal strong firm and weak firms, overvalued and undervalued firms. ► To compare different industries. Every industry has it’s own unique set of operating and financial characters tics. These can be identified with the aid of ratios. ► To compare performance in different time periods. Over a period of years, a firm or an industry develop certain norms that may indicate future success or failure. If relationship change in a firm’s over different time periods, the ratio may provide clues on trends and future problems. 4.3 Factors affecting profitability ► Production cost (high/low) ► Selling price high/low) ► Variable cost ► Fixed cost ► Amount of sales. ► Cost of goods sold. ► Interest cost (excessive or flexible) ► Operating expense (high/low) ► Assets (idle/proper invest).


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4.4 Illustration of few terms related to profitability analysis Profit Margin

There are many measures of profitability. These measures enable the analyst to evaluate the firm’s profit s with respect to a given level of sales, a certain level of assets, or the owner’s investment. Without profit s, a firm could not attract outsider capital. Owner’s creditors and management pay close attention to bolstering profit because of the great importance placed on earning in the marketplace. Gross Profit Margin The amount of profit that the firm realizes as a result of the difference between the cost of goods sold (production cost) and the receipt from sales. The gross profit margin measures the percentage of each sales taka remaining after the firm has paid for its goods. Formula: Sales – Cost of good sold Gross profit Margin = Sales Decision: the higher the interest rate the higher the firm able to produce at lowers cost. Net Profit Margin The net profit margin measures the percentage of each sales taka remaining after all costs and expenses, including interest, taxes, and preferred stock dividends, have been deducted. Net profit margin ratio establishes a relationship between net profit and sales and indicate management efficacy in manufacturing, administering and selling the product. This ratio is the overall measure of the firm’s ability to turn each Taka sales into net profit. Formula: Net profit Net Profit Margin = Sales Decision: A firm with high profit margin can make better use of favorable condition. Similarly a firm with low net profit margin indicates the adverse affect of the firm. Reason behind for high net profit margin ► Ring selling price. ► Falling cost of production. ► Increasing demand for the product.


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Reason behind for low net profit margin ► Falling selling price. ► Rising costs. ► Declining demand. ► Competitors ► Low purchasing capacity. Reason for fluctuating profit Margin ► purchasing capacity(high/low) ► competition. ► currency rate. ► economic slowdown ► operating expense. Return on Assets

The return on total assets (ROA), often called the return on Investment (ROI), measures the overall effectiveness of management in generating profits with its available assets.

Formula: Earning available Return on Asset = Total sales Decision: The higher the firm’s return on total assets, the better the company’s position. Return on Equity (ROE) The return on common equity (ROA) measures the return earned on the common stockholder’ investment in the firm. Formula: Earning available Return on Equity (ROE) = Common stock equity Decision: The higher this return, the better off the owners. Assets Turnover Assets turnover highlights the amount of assets that the firm used to produce its total sales. The ability to produce a large volume of sales on a small assets base is an important part of the firm’s profit picture. Formula: Sales Assets turnover = Total assets


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PART FIVE

ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA


22

PART FIVE: ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA

A brief introduction to the samples Latif Centre

Location : Zindabazar Size : 12000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 4 Numbers of stores : 160 Parking : 20 Year of establishment : 1984 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 15000 Number of customers : 10000 Building:

1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, food corner, clothing, cookeries. 2nd floor : Electronics, cosmetics, cookeries, studio 3rd floor : Electronics.

4th floor : Electronics. Blue water shopping mall

Location : Zindabazar Size : 8500 Square feet Numbers of floors : 6 Numbers of stores : 150 Parking : 30 Year of establishment : 2008 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 15000 Number of customers : 10000 Building :

1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Food corner, clothing

4th floor : Clothing 5th floor : Clothing, management KANIZ PLAZA

Location : Zindabazar Size : 5000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 4 Numbers of stores : 50 Parking : 15 Year of establishment : 2 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 15000 Number of customers : 10000 Building :

1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, cosmetics, 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Food corner, clothing

4th, 5th floor : Clothing


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AL-HAMRA SHOPPING CITY

Location : Zindabazar Size : 20000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 11 Numbers of stores : 305 Parking : 500 Year of establishment : 1996 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 20000 Number of customers : 15000 Building : 1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Food corner, clothing

4th floor : Clothing 5th floor : Clothing, management

MANRU

Location : Chauhatta Size : 16000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 6 Numbers of stores : 235 Parking : 100 Year of establishment : 1999 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 15000 Number of customers : 8000 Building : 1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Food corner, clothing



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KAKOLI SHOPPING CENTRE Location : Zindabazar Size : 20000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 10 Numbers of stores : 160 Parking : 60 Year of establishment : 2008 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 15000 Number of customers : 10000 Building : 1st floor : Cosmetics, gift item, shoe, color lab 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : clothing

4th- 5thfloor: mobile shop, food corner 6th floor : Mosque, gymnasium, entertainment 7th -8th floor: office space 9th-10th floor: hotel swimming pool

SYLHET CITY CENTER

Location : Zindabazar Size : 12000Square feet Numbers of floors : 11 Numbers of stores : 28 Parking : 70 Year of establishment : 2008 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 20000 Number of customers : 12000 Building : 1st floor : Shoe, gift shops, cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd-4th floor : Food corner, clothing, Clothing

5th floor : Jewelry, Shoes 6th floor : Mobile Shop electronics


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MODHUIBAN

Location : court point Size : 8000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 6 Numbers of stores : 180 Parking : 15 Year of establishment : no parking Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 12000 Number of customers : 7000 Building : 1st floor : Garments 2nd floor : Cosmetics, Garments

3rd -4th floor : leading University SUKRIA MARKET:

Location : Zindabazar Size : 10000 Square feet Numbers of floors : 5 Numbers of stores : 250 Parking : 25 Year of establishment : 1985 Business hours : 10am-8pm Number of visitors : 25000 Number of customers : 10000 Building : 1st floor : cloth shops, cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Food corner, clothing


SYLHET MILLENNIUM Location : Zindabazar Size : 8500 Square feet Numbers of floors : 10 Numbers of stores : 140 Parking : 30-35 cars and 100-150 bikes. Year of establishment : 2003 Business hours : 11am-8pm Number of visitors : 1000-1500 Number of customers : 500-700 Building : 1st floor : Cosmetics, toiletries 2nd floor : Clothing 3rd floor : Clothing

4th floor : Jewelry 5th floor : Clothing, management


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5.1 Profitability analysis 5.1.1 Inter-mall comparison Table A.1: Net profit margin Name of the shopping mall Net profit margin (%) Al Hamra Shopping City 34.94 Manru Shopping Center -15.37 Kakoli Shopping Center -32.98 Sylhet city centre -28.25 Shukria Market 12.59 Sylhet Millenium -8.00 Latif Centre 32.50 Kaniz Plaza -3.21 Modhuban 17.19 Blue water shopping city -1.83

Sources: Primary data

34.94

-15.37

-32.98-28.25

12.59

-8.00

32.50

-3.21

17.19

-1.83

-40.00

-30.00

-N 20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

et p

r m

argi

n (%

)

Shopping malls

ofit

Al Hamra Shopping CityManru Shopping CenterKakoli Shopping CenterSylhet city centreShukria MarketSylhet MilleniumLatif CentreKaniz PlazaModhubanBlue water shopping city

Figure A.1: Net profit margin (Profit after tax/Sales)


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Table A.2: Return on Assets Name of the shopping mall Return on Asset (%) Al Hamra Shopping City 6.06 Manru Shopping Center -8.32 Kakoli Shopping Center -12.10 Sylhet city centre -21.59 Shukria Market 5.30 Sylhet Millenium -8.09 Latif Centre 14.56 Kaniz Plaza -3.39 Modhuban 0.13 Blue water shopping city -1.86

Source of data: Primary

6.06

-8.32

-12.10

-21.59

5.30

-8.09

14.56

-3.39

0.13

-1.86

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Ret

urn

on a

sset

s (%

)

Shopping malls


Figure A.2: Return on Assets (EBIT (1-T)/Asset)


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Table A.3: Assets Turnover Name of the Shopping mall Assets Turnover Al Hamra Shopping City 0.57 Manru Shopping Center 0.69 Kakoli Shopping Center 0.70 Sylhet city centre 0.78 Shukria Market 0.66 Sylhet Millenium 0.58 Latif Centre 0.70 Kaniz Plaza 0.75 Modhuban 0.67 Blue water shopping city 0.78

Source of data: Primary

0.57

0.69 0.700.78

0.66

0.58

0.700.75

0.67

0.78

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Ass

et tu

rnov

er

Shopping malls


Figure A.3: Assets Turnover (Sales/Total Assets)


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Table A.4: Return on Equity

Sources of data: Primary

Name of the Shopping Return on Equity (%) Al Hamra Shopping City 22.70 Manru Shopping Center -12.90 Kakoli Shopping Center -10.31 Sylhet city centre -32.94 Shukria Market 6.47 Sylhet Millenium -10.44 Latif Centre 9.72 Kaniz Plaza -3.48 Modhuban 8.86 Blue water shopping city -4.29

22.70

-12.90-10.31

-32.94

6.47

-10.44

9.72

-3.48

8.86

-4.29

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

Shopping malls

Ret

urn

on e

quity

(%) Al Hamra Shopping City

Manru Shopping Center

Kakoli Shopping Center

Sylhet city centre

Shukria MarketSylhet Millenium

Latif Centre

Kaniz Plaza

Modhuban

Blue w ater shopping city

Figure A.4: Return on Equity


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5.2 ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT DATA 5.2.1 Form of Ownership In our study we asked hundred respondents about the form of ownership. 69 % of the business was sole proprietorship and the rest was partnership.

Sources: Primary data

SOLE PROPIETORSHIP 69 PARTNERSHIP 31

69%

31%

SOLEPARTNERSHIP

Figure B.1: Form of Ownership

5.2.2 Mode of Possession Among the outlet owners, 30 % doing business in the place is owned by them. The remaining 70 % is doing their business in the place which they rented.

Own 30

Rent 70 Sources of data: Primary

Own30%

Rent70%

Figure B.2: Mode of Possession


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5.2.3 Opinion on Possession value We wanted to know what they think about the possession value of outlets. Among those outlet owners, 23% identified the possession value as very high, 33% as high, 42% as reasonable and 2% as low.

High 33% Very high 23%

Reasonable 42% Low 2%


0

10

20

30

40

50

Num

ber

High Very high Reasonable Low

Figure B.3: Opinion about possession value 5.2.4 Customers Type We observed hundreds customers in each shopping mall. We found that 77 % of the customers were female and 23 % were male.

Male 23 % Female 77 % Source of data: Primary

Male23%

Female77%

Male Female

Figure B.4: Customers type


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5.2.5 Comments on customers growth Among the selected respondents, 35 %, 56 % and 9 % commented on customer growth increasing, decreasing and same respectively.

Increasing 35 % Decreasing 56 % Same 9 %


35%

56%

9%

0

20

40

60

80

100

Res

pond

ents

(%)

Increasing

Decresing

Same

Comments on customer growth

Figure B.5: Comments on customer growth

5.2.6 Mode of Financing In our study we asked the respondents how they financed the assets. 14 % of them said from bank loan, 57 % said personal and 29 % said both.

Bank loan 14% Personal 57% Both 29%


Personal, 57%

Bank loan, 14% Both, 29%

Bank loan Personal Both

Figure B.6: Mode of financing


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5.2.7 Profitability of the outlets In our study we have found that 39 % of the stores are profitable and remaining 61 % are unprofitable.

unprofitable store 61 %

profitable store 39 %


profitable store39%

unprofitable store61%

unprofitable store profitable store

Figure B.7: Profitability of the outlets 5.2.8 Comments on Profit Among those 39 % profitable stores, 26 % of the respondents said that the profit they earned was good, 52 % said satisfactory, 15 % said unsatisfactory.

0%26%

52%

22%

Outstanding Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Outstanding 0 Good 26% Satisfactory 52% Unsatisfactory 22%

Figure B.8: Comments on profit


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5.2.9 Comments on sales growth From the study we found that, 29.6 % of the respondents said the amount of sale is increasing. On the other hand 61.4 % responded that the sale is decreasing and rests of the respondents said that no change in sale. Increasing 29.6%Decreasing 61.4%Same 9.0%


29.6%

61.4%

9.0%0

102030405060708090

100

Res

pond

ents

(%)

Increasing Decresing Same

Comments on sales growth

Increasing Decresing Same

Figure B.9: Comments on sales growth 5.2.10 Willingness to continue We conducted our survey among hundred respondents. We asked them whether they continue their business in the present condition. Among them 91% of the respondents said that they would continue their business in spite of incurring loss.

Yes 91% No 9%


91%

9%

Yes No

Figure B.10: Willingness to continue


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PART SIX

FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION


36

FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

6.1 Findings

We conducted our survey among hundred outlets of ten shopping malls. Our study reveals that majority (61 %) of the outlets are incurring loss.

Among the profit-earning outlets, 17.95% of the owners interpret the profit earned as

good, 35.90% of the owners are satisfied with the profit, 46.15% of the owners are not satisfied with the profit they earn.

The net profit margin of the shopping malls is 0.76% on an average. Since the net

profit margin is very low, this indicates very adverse affect the firm.

The return on assets of the existing shopping malls in Sylhet city is -2.93%. The negative return on assets reflects the worst position of this sector.

The return on equity of this industry is -2.67 %. The negative value indicates that the

owners of the outlets are incurring loss from the investment of their equity.

The asset turnover of shopping mall industry in Sylhet city is 0.69 on an average which reflects that the assets are not being utilized properly.

6.1.1 Problems

Inadequate facilities, i.e.-high rent/possession value, security etc. Recent economic recession decreases people’s purchasing capacity. Scarce competition among different shopping malls. The number of shopping mall is increasing rapidly which is not consistent with the

customer growth. Lack of management efficiency. Since the devaluation of foreign currency, expatriate people are not willing to spend

money. Most of the shopping malls are located within a very small area.

6.2 Recommendations In the above circumstances, to increase the profitability of the shopping mall industry the person related with it should consider the following initiatives:

Minimize the operating expenses. Management should reduce rent/possession value. All types of facilities should be provided within a shopping mall. Set up more demandable shops within the shopping malls. Developers of shopping malls should think about the profitability of the projects while

constructing shopping malls. The interest rate should be decreased in financing small and medium enterprises

(SMEs) like shopping malls.


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6.3 Conclusion From the forgoing study we have got a clear picture of the recent situation of the shopping mall industries of the Sylhet city. The industry has been affected by recent economic meltdown. Throughout the study we only focused on the profitability of shopping malls of the city. We tried to find out the profitability ratio of different shopping malls. The feedback we received reflects very poor situation of this industry. We also tried our best to collect some information about the problems faced by the shopping mall industry. In the end of our study we have some recommendations which might be very useful for the survival of this sector.


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APPENDIX

REFERENCE:

Lowrence J. Gitman, Principles of Managerial Finance, tenth edition. John J. Hampton, Financial Decision Making, Fourth edition I. M. Pandey, Financial Management Pictures of shopping malls in Sylhet city are taken by Md. Joynul Jakerin ( A

member of this group)

Bibliography

www.wikipedia.org www.sylhetcitycorporation.org "The Super Centers". Time (magazine). January 24, 1955.

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,861189,00.html. Retrieved on 2008-06-25.

Shopping Center Definitions. Information Accurate as of 1999. http://icse.org/srch/lib/scdefinitions99.pdf


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Questionnaire Q1 (For Management) Date: ……………............... Name of the interviewee: ……………………………………………………………………………… Contact number: ……………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Name of the shopping mall: ………………………………………………………………….. 2. Location: ………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Size: ………………………………………………………………............................................. 4. Number of floors: ……………………………………………………………………………... 5. Number of stores & services: ………………………………………………………………… 6. Parking: ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 7. Year of establishment: ……………………………………………........................................... 8. Business hour: ………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Building:

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………


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Questionnaire Q2 (For outlet owner)

Date: ……………………… Name of the interviewee: ……………………………………………………………………………… Contact number: ………………………………………………………………………………………. Name of the outlet: …………………………………………………………………………………….. Location: ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. Types of stores: o Clothing o Jewelry o Shoes o Cookeries

o Gift shops o Cosmetics

& toiletries o Electronics

o Food corner o Others

2. What is the form of ownership? o Sole proprietor o Partnership

3. Do you own the place or rent it? o Own o Rent

4. What is your opinion about possession value or amount of rent? o High o Very high

o Reasonable o Low

5. What factors do you consider to be important in choosing a shopping mall? o Location & communication o Facilities o Profitability

o Availability of adequate customer

6. How many customers do you think visit everyday on an average? ................................ 7. What types of customer visit most?

o Male o Female o Children 8. What is your comment on customer growth?

o Increasing o Decreasing

o Same

9. How much capital did you employ in a month on an average? ………………………………

10. How did you finance the asset? o Bank loan o Personal o Both

11. What was the amount of borrowed capital (In case of answer ‘Both’)? ………………. 12. What is the interest cost? ………………………………………………………………. 13. What was the amount of average monthly sale? ……………………………… 14. What was the gross margin? …………………………………………………………… 15. What was the average monthly operating expense? …………………………... 16. What was the tax rate? …………………………………………………………………. 17. If you are earning profit, what is your comment regarding that?

o Outstanding o Good

o Satisfactory o Unsatisfactory

18. If you are incurring loss, what factors do you think responsible? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Are you satisfied with the facilities offered by Mall? o Yes o No

20. If the answer is ‘No’, what facilities do you expect? ………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………


41

Our study group consists of eight members, from eighth batch, Department of Business Administration under the School of Business and Management, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Our seminer papers supervisor is Mohammad Shahidul Hoque,Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Business Administration.

Mukta Chakraborty is from Mymensingh.

Sutapa Adhikary, is from Dhaka.

S. M. Shamim-Ur-Rasheed, whose home district is Dhaka.

Shan Nafiz Ahmed, is form Sylhet.

Md. Younusul Haque Shipon, is from Sylhet.

Md. Joynul Jakerin, has been born in Laxmipur.

Md. Ashiqur Rahman, is from Rangpur.

Debpriyo Das, whose home district is Moulvibazar.


prospect of shopping mall in sylhet

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