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Property Law Reading Materials

Chinese Law Taught in English (CLTE)

1st

Semester of 2013-2014 Academic Year

(2013 Intake)

Lecturer: Prof. Cao Pei

1

The Law of Property in China

Syllabus

Aims of course

This course aims to provide students a comprehensive understanding to the legal

system of property in China, including:

First, the historic background, such as the law and customs regarding property and the

value and idea regarding property in traditional China;

Second, The Socialist background of property system before the Reform, and the

policy, law and process adopted since the 1980’s Economic Reform;

Third, the fundamental categories, concepts and principles in the Code of Property

Law issued in 2007, and the related laws, administrative regulations, and cases;

Forth, the current legal techniques for private property protection, the regulations for

market transaction, and the government policy to control the market price.

Method of teaching and evaluation

This course is taught in a seminar style. Students are requested to read the reading

materials, thinking of the questions and actively join the class discussion. The final

students’ record is evaluated by participation and performance in class discussion

(20%), course presentation (30%) and final paper or exam (50%).

Requests to student

To understand the historical background of this law,

To understand the legal categories, concepts and principles in Chinese

property law,

To master the current legal techniques, and be able to use the sources of law to

analyze cases,

To master the major Chinese characteristics of this law, and observe the

current problems;

To conduct an independent research: to collect data, to analyze and compare

China’s property law with that of another country, to actively involve into the

class discussion and to do a 15 – 20 minutes course presentation, and finally to

write a paper with one’s own viewpoint and analysis.

Time of this course

3 hours per week for 12 weeks

2

Lecture Plan

Introduction

1. The Property Law and Custom in Traditional China (Before the

1949 Revolution)

1.1.The traditional property system and notion ( before the 1840 Opium War)

Ancient Law and Customs

Confucian’s notion and its influence to law

1.2.The Process of Modernization (From1840 to 1949)

During Late Qing (1840 -- 1911 )

During the reign of Warlord Government (1911 – 1927)

During the Reign of the National Party (1927 – 1949 )

Reflection Questions:

a. Summarize the property system in traditional China

b. Make comments on Confucians value to property law

c. How West Laws influenced Chinese legislation during the time from 1840 to

1949?

2. The “Socialist Transformation” in the 1950s and the Economic

System Reform since 1978

Farm Land Reform and the Collectivization Movement in 1950s 农村土地改

革与集体化运动

The Socialist Transformation to urban industry and commerce (1956 - ) 城市

工商业的社会主义改造运动

Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976) 文化革命

Economic System Reform 经济体制改革 (1978 - )


a. Summarize the property changes in the socialist movement of the 1950s

b. What happened to property during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)?

c. What policies adopted to change property relationship during the Economic

3

System Reform?

3. Property Law Granted in 2007

Reading:

Property Law, Chap. 1

3.1. Background and Characters (civil, socialist)

3.2. Categories

What means property 物

Real Rights 物权

Property law

3.3.General Principles

Equality of right holders (3-4)

Real rights shall be stipulated by law (5)

Transfer and delivery of property (6)


a. Explain the concept “property” in Chinese law and compare it with that in

another country’s law

b. Compare “Real Right” in Chinese Law and that in another country’s law

c. Summaries the principles and characters of Chinese Property Law with some

compares

4. Creation, Change, Transfer and Elimination of Real Right (Chap. 2)

Reading: Property Law，Chap. 2

Registration of immovable property 不动产登记

Delivery of movable property 动产交付

Others

Real right protection


a. Analyze and compare the real right publicity system

b. Compare the creation and transfer of movables in different laws

5. Ownership(1)

Reading:

4

Constitution of China(Excerpted),

General Principles of Civil Law (Excerpted)

Property Law, Chap. 4-8

Concept of ownership 所有制与所有权

Classification of three main owners

i. State ownership,

ii.Collective ownership

iii. Individual ownership

Legal persons and share holders

i. Contributors of Limited Liability Company (art. 67)

ii.Right of Legal Person (art. 68)

iii. Right of Social Organizations (art. 69)

Co-ownership (Chap. 8)


a. Compare the range of State owned property in different countrie

b. In June 2012, Heilongjiang Province People’s Congress passed and granted a

local law of “Provisions on Climate Resource exploration and Protection”.

This law prescribed that the energy of wind and of sun’s rays are owned by

the State. Any individual enterprise which detects and exploits these energies

shall report to and get permission from the government, and the energy they

exploited shall belong to the government. This local law has brought a lot of

disputes on Web.

Shall the natural resource of wind and sun’s ray belong to the state by law and

policy? How to understand and explain “ other natural resources” in Art. 9 of

the Constitution?

6. Ownership (2). Owner’s Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

(OPOBA Owner’s Condominium Rights) 业主的建筑物区分所有权

Reading:

Property Law, Chap. 6, 8

State Council: Regulation on Realty Management, 2007 revision, (物业管理条例)

Construction Ministry: Guidance on Realty Owners General Congress and

Owner ’s Committee, 2009 (业主大会和业主委员会指导规则)

Doctrines

Chinese Concept (art. 70)

Comparative co-ownership

Membership right in community

5

Questions to discuss:

a. Compare the co-ownership in OPOBA with that of a Joint Stock company?

b. The public part shall always be there, without the possibility of bankrupt.

c. The management is not for profit, but for maintaining a daily life.

d. Are the rights consisted in OPOBA against the principle of “One thing,

one real right” in property law?

e. Case:

Mr. Li and Mr. Sheng sighed a commercial housing sell and purchase contract

with company B, the developer, to buy the second floor of a commercial

building. The contract involved an article stipulated that “the whole outside wall

of the building belongs to company B, which has exclusive right to fit advertising

board or lamps on the wall.” After Mr. Li and Mr. Sheng fully paid the price,

company B delivered the second floor to them. As the advertising board fit by

Company B disturbed their use of the second floor, Mr. Li and Mr. Sheng sued to

court requesting that the article which stipulated the outside wall belongs to

company B in the contract should be void.

Shall the court support the plaintiffs’ request? why?

7. Ownership (3): Relationship of Adjacency (相邻关系 ) and Right of

Servitude

Reading:

Property law, chap. 7 , Chap. 14,

Civil Law, Art. 83,

Relationship of Adjacency

Right of Servitude

Compare the above two

Compare with “Land Servitude” and “Easement” in Common Law


a. Discuss the relationship between the Adjacent Relationships with real estate

ownerships,

b. Explain the major types of relationship of adjacency and right of servitude (地

役权)， and compare the similarities and differences between these two concepts.

c. Compare the concept Easement in Common law and Di Yi Quan (地役权)

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d. Case

A’s yard had two north rooms, and the south side was the gate. A discussed with B

asking to pass though B’s yard, B agreed as A is a colleague with him. A then built

up two rooms on the south side which blocked the original gate. One year late A sold

the whole yard to C, C requested to pass through B’s yard, B rejected him and

blocked the passage. C sued to court for his right in relationship of adjacency.

Shall C has this right?

8 Usufructuary Rights Created in the 1980s Reform

Reading:

Property law, chap.3， 11

Land Administration Law,

Law on Urban Real Estate Administration 1994

Usufructurary Rights in general (Chap. 10)

8.1. Rural land reform

Background of the reform

Right to the Contracted Management of Land 土地承包经营权

Right to Use House Sites (or Right to Use Lands for Building Houses)

宅基地使用权

Land Requisition 土地征收 (Land Administration Law, Art. 47)

The “small title “ in practice 小产权

8.2. Urban land Reform

Nationalization of urban land and land use hereafter

Process of urban land use reform

Right to Use Land for Construction Purpose 建设用地使用权

Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas (Owners’

Condominium Rights) 建筑物区分所有权 (Chap. 6)

Urban Real Estate Market based on Usufructuary Right to land

Reflection Question:

a. Discuss the problems in land requisition with cases

b. Shall “small title” be protected by law?

c. Compare the category of “usufractuary” in China’s property law with that in

another country’s property law, and try to discover the factors which might

cause these differences.

d. Discuss the advantages and problems in China’s urban land reform, and make

your suggestion from the legal viewpoint for its’ future.

7

9 Law and Regulations for Urban Real Estate Market

****************************************************************

Readings:

Law of Urban Real Estate Administration，2007 revised Chap. 4, “Transactions of

real Estate”,

Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Construction:

1. Procedures for the Administration of Advance Sale of Commodity Houses in

Urban Areas (1995)

2. Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial Houses2001

3. Provisions on the Administration of Urban Real Estate Transfer (2001

Amendment)

4. Administrative Measures for Commodity House Leasing (2011)

*****************************************************************

Urban land granting 土地出让

Real estate transference 房地产转让

Registration

Government policy to control market

Reflection Questions

a. Shall the right of tenant be a real right? Why?

b. Compare the market law and regulation with that of another country

10. Securities: Mortgage, Pledge and Lien

*****************************************************************

Readings:

Property Law, Part Four

Guarantee Law

Measures on the Administration of Mortgage of Urban Real Estate (2001

Amendment)

Measures for the Administration of Pawning

Administrative Measures for Stock –Pledged Loans of Securities 股票质押贷款管理

办法 2004-11

Measures for Hypothecated Loans on Time Deposit Certificates of Individuals 个人定

期存单质押贷款办法 [Effective] 2007 -7

Administrative Provisions on Loans against a Pledge of Time Deposit Certificates of

Entities 单位定期存单质押贷款管理规定 2007-7

Measures for the Registration of Pledge Receivables 应收账款质押登记办法 2007 –

9

Measures for the Pledge Registration of Copyrights 著作权质权登记办法 2011-1

Measures for the Registration of a Pledge of Patent Rights 专利权质押登记办法

[2010-10

Notice of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce about Issuing the

8

Provisions on the Procedures for the Registration of Pledge of Exclusive Rights to

Registered Trademarks 国家工商行政管理总局关于印发《注册商标专用权质权登

记程序规定》的通知 2009-11

********************************************************

Security law

Mortgage

Pledge

Lien

Pawn

Reflection Questions

a. Compare the real right of security with personal guarantee

b How to understand the order of mortgage and the effect of registration

c. Discuss the legal issues in security and counter-security

d. Discuss the rule of pledge with receivables and its market effect

e. Compare the legal relationships and effects of mortgage, pledge, lien, and pawn.

f. Discuss the rule of pledge with intellectual property rights

11. Trust

*********************************************************************

Readings:

Trust Law 2001 -1 -1

Administrative Regulations issued by China Banking Regulatory Commission

Measures for the Administration of Trust Companies [Effective] 2007 -1

Measures for the Administration of Trust Companies' Trust Plans o f Assembled Funds

[Revised]2007 – 3

Measures for the Administration of Net Capital of Trust Companies [Effective] 2010 –

8

History and limit of trust in China

Commercial trust and practice

Charitable trust


a. Discuss the reason why only commercial trust has been developed in China?

b. Why the trust law of China gives the Settler of a trust so much power?

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12. Summarization: a developing process with difficulties

Reference Resource:

Http://blog.sina.com.cn/52caichanfa (PW: propertylaw )

Http://www.chinawealthplanning.com

Http://www.chinalawinsight.com/

http://www.trustlaws.net/exam/ 中国信托法律网 (Web of Trust Law)

http://www.xtxh.net/ 信托行业协会 (Wet of Trust Association)

http://trust.jrj.com.cn/ 金融界信托频道（Web of Financial Trust ）

http://www.trust518.com/ 中国信托理财网 (Web of Trust for Finance )

http://www.citicgroup.com.cn China International Trust of Investment Group

Books:

Cao Pei: Real Estate Law in China, Sweet & Maxwell China 1998,

David Y W Ho & Co: Real Estate Law in China, Butterworths, 1998,

Li Ling Hin: Privatization of Urban Land in Shanghai, Hong Kong University

Press, 1996,

http://blog.sina.com.cn/52caichanfa

http://www.chinawealthplanning.com/

http://www.chinalawinsight.com/

http://www.trustlaws.net/exam/

http://www.xtxh.net/

http://trust.jrj.com.cn/

http://www.trust518.com/

http://www.citicgroup.com.cn/

Index of Sources of Law

1. Constitution (Excerpted) 宪法 (节录) --------------------------------1

2. General Principles of Civil Law (Excerpted) 民法通则 (节录)----3

3. Property Law 物权法-------------------------------------------------------6

4. Law on Land Administration 土地管理法-----------------------------62

5. Law on Urban Real Estate Administration 城市房地产管理法--90

5.1 Provisions on the Administration of Urban Real Estate

Transfer 城市房地产转让规定-----------------------------------------107

5.2 Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial Houses

城市商品房销售管理办法-----------------------------------------------114

5.3 Procedures for the Administration of Advance Sale of

Commodity Houses in Urban Areas 城市商品房预售管理办法

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------129

5.4 Administrative Measures for Commodity House Leasing

城市房屋租赁管理办法-------------------------------------------------133

6. Guarantee Law 担保法--------------------------------------------------140

6.1 Measures for the Administration of Pawning 典当管理

办法--------------------------------------------------------------------------161

6.2 Administrative Measures for Stock-Pledged Loans of

Securities Companies 证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法------185

7. Trust Law 信托法----------------------------------------------------------197

【TitleTitleTitleTitle】ConstitutionConstitutionConstitutionConstitution ofofofof thethethethe People''sPeople''sPeople''sPeople''s RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina (2004(2004(2004(2004 Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)[现行有效]【法规标题】中华人民共和国宪法(2004(2004(2004(2004修正)))) [Effective]

Excerpted （摘录）

Article 7 The state-owned economy, namely, the socialist economy under ownership by the whole people, is the leading

force in the national economy. The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state-owned economy.

第七条国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

Article 8 Rural collective economic organizations implement a two-level management system characterized by the

combination of centralized operation with decentralized operation on the basis of household contracted management.

Other forms of cooperative economy in rural areas, such as producers’, supply and marketing, credit and consumers’

cooperatives, belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. Working people

who are members of rural collective economic organizations have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots

of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately-owned

livestock.

The various forms of cooperative economy in the cities and towns, such as those in the handicraft, industrial, building,

transport, commercial and service trades, all belong to the sector of socialist economy under collective ownership by the

working people.

The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the urban and rural economic collectives and encourages, guides and

helps the growth of the collective economy.

第八条农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。农村中的生产、供销、信用、消费等各种形

式的合作经济，是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者，有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留

地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。

城镇中的手工业、工业、建筑业、运输业、商业、服务业等行业的各种形式的合作经济，都是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制

经济。

国家保护城乡集体经济组织的合法的权利和利益，鼓励、指导和帮助集体经济的发展。

Article 9 All mineral resources, waters, forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches and other natural

resources are owned by the state, that is, by the whole people, with the exception of the forests, mountains, grasslands,

unreclaimed land and beaches that are owned by collectives in accordance with the law.

The state ensures the rational use of natural resources and protects rare animals and plants. Appropriation or damaging of

natural resources by any organization or individual by whatever means is prohibited.

第九条矿藏、水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源，都属于国家所有，即全民所有；由法律规定属于集体所有

的森林和山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂除外。

国家保障自然资源的合理利用，保护珍贵的动物和植物。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏自然资源。

Article 10 Land in the cities is owned by the state.

Land in the rural and suburban areas is owned by collectives except for those portions which belong to the state in

accordance with the law; house sites and privately farmed plots of cropland and hilly land are also owned by collectives.

The state may, for the public interest, expropriate or take over land for public use, and pay compensation in accordance

with the law.

No organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means. The

rights to the use of land may be transferred according to law.

All organizations and individuals using land must ensure its rational use.

1

第十条城市的土地属于国家所有。

农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外，属于集体所有；宅基地和自留地、自留山，也属于集体所有。

国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对土地实行征收或者征用并给予补偿。

任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。土地的使用权可以依照法律的规定转让。

一切使用土地的组织和个人必须合理地利用土地。

Article 11 The individual economy of urban and rural working people, operating within the limits prescribed by law, is a

complement to the socialist public economy.

The state protects the lawful rights and interests of the non-public sectors of the economy, including individual and private

sectors of the economy. The state encourages, supports and guides the development of the non-public sectors of the

economy, and exercises supervision and control over the non-public sectors according to law.

The state permits the private sector of the economy to exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law. The private

sector of the economy is a complement to the socialist public economy. The state protects the lawful rights and interests of

the private sector of the economy, and exercises guidance, supervision and control over the private sector of the economy.

第十一条在法律规定范围内的个体经济、私营经济等非公有制经济，是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。

国家保护个体经济、私营经济等非公有制经济的合法的权利和利益。国家鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济的发展，并对非公

有制经济依法实行监督和管理。

Article 12 Socialist public property is inviolable.

The state protects socialist public property. Appropriation or damaging of state or collective property by any organization or

individual by whatever means is prohibited.

第十二条社会主义的公共财产神圣不可侵犯。

国家保护社会主义的公共财产。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏国家的和集体的财产。

Article 13 The lawful private property of citizens may not be encroached upon.

The state protects by law the right of citizens to own private property and the right to inherit private property.

The state may, for the public interest, expropriate or take over private property of citizens for public use, and pay

compensation in accordance with the law.

第十三条公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯。

国家依照法律规定保护公民的私有财产权和继承权。

国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对公民的私有财产实行征收或者征用并给予补偿。

Article 49 Marriage,the family and mother and child are protected by the state.

Both husband and wife have the duty to practise family planning.

Parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty

to support and assist their parents.

Violation of the freedom of marriage is prohibited. Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited.

第四十九条婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护。

夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务。

父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。

禁止破坏婚姻自由，禁止虐待老人、妇女和儿童。

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第五章民事权利

SECTION 1 PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND RELATED PROPERTY RIGHTS

第一节财产所有权和与财产所有权有关的财产权

Article 71. " Property ownership " means the owner’s rights to lawfully possess, utilize, profit from and

dispose of his property.

第七十一条【财产所有权的定义】财产所有权是指所有人依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收

益和处分的权利。

Article 72. Property ownership shall not be obtained in violation of the law.

Unless the law stipulates otherwise or the parties concerned have agreed on other arrangements, the

ownership of property obtained by contract or by other lawful means shall be transferred simultaneously

with the property itself.

第七十二条【所有权的取得】财产所有权的取得，不得违反法律规定。

按照合同或者其他合法方式取得财产的，财产所有权从财产交付时起转移，法律另有规定或者当事

人另有约定的除外。

Article 73. State property shall be owned by the whole people.

State property is sacred and inviolable, and no organization or individual shall be allowed to seize,

encroach upon, privately divide, retain or destroy it.

第七十三条【国家财产所有权】国家财产属于全民所有。

国家财产神圣不可侵犯，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。

Article 74. Property of collective organizations of the working masses shall be owned collectively by the

working masses. This shall include:

(1) land, forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches and other areas that are stipulated by

law to be under collective ownership;

(2) property of collective economic organizations;

(3) collectively owned buildings, reservoirs, farm irrigation facilities and educational, scientific, cultural,

health, sports and other facilities; and

(4) other property that is collectively owned.

Collectively owned land shall be owned collectively by the village peasants in accordance with the law and

shall be worked and managed by village agricultural production cooperatives, other collective agricultural

economic organizations or villagers’ committees. Land already under the ownership of the township

(town) peasants collective economic organizations may be collectively owned by the peasants’ of the

township (town).

Collectively owned property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may seize,

encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, detain, freeze or confiscate it.

第七十四条【集体财产所有权】劳动群众集体组织的财产属于劳动群众集体所有，包括：

(一)法律规定为集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等；

(二)集体经济组织的财产；

(三)集体所有的建筑物、水库、农田水利设施和教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育等设施；

(四)集体所有的其他财产。

集体所有的土地依照法律属于村农民集体所有，由村农业生产合作社等农业集体经济组织或者村民

委员会经营、管理。已经属于乡 (镇) 农民集体经济组织所有的，可以属于乡 (镇) 农民集体所有。

集体所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、

冻结、没收。

Article 75. A citizen’s personal property shall include his lawfully-earned income, housing, savings, articles

3

for daily use, objects art, books, reference materials, trees, livestock, as well as means of production the

law permits a citizen to possess and other lawful property.

A citizen’s lawful property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may appropriate,

encroach upon, destroy or illegally seal up, detain, freeze or confiscate it.

第七十五条【个人财产所有权】公民的个人财产，包括公民的合法收入、房屋、储蓄、生活用品、

文物、图书资料、林木、牲畜和法律允许公民所有的生产资料以及其他合法财产。

公民的合法财产受法律保护，禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、冻结、

没收。

Article 76. Citizens shall have the right of inheritance under the law.

第七十六条【财产继承权】公民依法享有财产继承权。

Article 77. The lawful property of social organizations, including religious organizations, shall be protected

by law.

第七十七条【社团财产】社会团体包括宗教团体的合法财产受法律保护。

Article 78. Property may be owned jointly by two or more citizens or legal persons.

There shall be two kinds of joint ownership, namely co-ownership by shares and common ownership.

Each of the co-owners by shares shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint

property in proportion to his share. Each of the common owners shall enjoy the rights and assume the

obligations respecting the joint property.

Each co-owner by shares shall have the right to withdraw his own share of the joint property or transfer

its ownership. However, when he offers to sell his share, the other co-owners shall have a right of

preemption if all other conditions are equal.

第七十八条【共有】财产可以由两个以上的公民、法人共有。

共有分为按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人按照各自的份额，对共有财产分享权利，分担义务。共

同共有人对共有财产享有权利，承担义务。

按份共有财产的每个共有人有权要求将自己的份额分出或者转让。但在出售时，其他共有人在同等

条件下，有优先购买的权利。

Article 79. If the owner of a buried or concealed object is unknown, the object shall belong to the state.

The unit that receives the object shall commend or give a material reward to the unit or individual that

turns in the object.

Lost-and-found objects, flotsam and stray animals shall be returned to their rightful owners, and any costs

thus incurred shall be reimbursed by the owners.

第七十九条【埋藏物与拾得物的归属】所有人不明的埋藏物、隐藏物，归国家所有。接收单位应

当对上缴的单位或者个人，给予表扬或者物质奖励。

拾得遗失物、漂流物或者失散的饲养动物，应当归还失主，因此而支出的费用由失主偿还。

Article 80. State-owned land may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people;

it may be also lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the

usufruct of the land, and the usufructuary shall be obligated to manage, protect and properly use the

land.

The right of citizens and collectives to contract for management of land under collective ownership or of

state owned land under collective use shall be protected by law. The rights and obligations of the two

contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract signed in accordance with the law.

Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.

第八十条【土地使用权与承包经营权】国家所有的土地，可以依法由全民所有制单位使用，也可

以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用，国家保护它的使用、收益的权利；使用单位有管理、保护、合

4

理利用的义务。

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用的土地的承包经营权，受法律保护。承包双

方的权利和义务，依照法律由承包合同规定。

土地不得买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。

Article 81. State-owned forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches, water surfaces and

other natural resources may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; or

they may be also lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the

usufruct of those resources, and the usufructuary shall be obliged to manage, protect and properly use

them.

State-owned mineral resources may be mined according to law by units under ownership by the whole

people and units under collective ownership; citizens may also lawfully mine such resources. The state

shall protect lawful mining rights.

The right of citizens and collectives to lawfully contract for the management of forests, mountains,

grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches and water surfaces that are owned by the collectives or owned by

the state but used by collectives shall be protected by law. The rights and obligations of the two

contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract in accordance with the law.

State-owned mineral resources and waters as well as forest land, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed

land and beaches owned by the state and those that are lawfully owned by collectives may not be sold,

leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.

第八十一条【自然资源使用权及承包经营权】国家所有的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面

等自然资源，可以依法由全民所有制单位使用，也可以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用，国家保护

它的使用、收益的权利；使用单位有管理、保护、合理利用的义务。

国家所有的矿藏，可以依法由全民所有制单位和集体所有制单位开采，也可以依法由公民采挖。国

家保护合法的采矿权。

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面的承

包经营权，受法律保护。承包双方的权利和义务，依照法律由承包合同规定。

国家所有的矿藏、水流，国家所有的和法律规定属于集体所有的林地、山岭、草原,荒地、滩涂不得

买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。

Article 82. Enterprises under ownership by the whole people shall lawfully enjoy the rights of

management over property that the state has authorized them to manage and operate, and the rights

shall be protected by law.

第八十二条【经营权】全民所有制企业对国家授予它经营管理的财产依法享有经营权，受法律保

护。

Article 83. In the spirit of helping production, making things convenient for people’s life, enhancing unity

and mutual assistance, and being fair and reasonable, neighbouring users of real estate shall maintain

proper neighbourly relations over such matters as water supply, drainage, passageway, ventilation and

lighting. Anyone who causes obstruction or damages to his neighbour, shall stop the infringement,

eliminate the obstruction and compensate for the damages.

第八十三条【相邻关系】不动产的相邻各方，应当按照有利生产、方便生活、团结互助、公平合

理的精神，正确处理截水、排水、通行、通风、采光等方面的相邻关系。给相邻方造成妨碍或者损

失的，应当停止侵害，排除妨碍，赔偿损失。

5

【TitleTitleTitleTitle】PropertyPropertyPropertyProperty LawLawLawLaw ofofofof thethethethe PeoplePeoplePeoplePeople’’’’ssss RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina[现行有效]【法规标题】中华人民共和国物权法[Effective]

DateDateDateDate issued:issued:issued:issued: 03-16-2007

EffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectivedate:date:date:date:

10-01-2007

IssuingIssuingIssuingIssuingauthority:authority:authority:authority:

National People's Congress

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Civil Law

发布日

期：

2007-03-16

生效日

期：

2007-10-01

发布部

门：全国人民代表大会

类别：民法

Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China

(No. 62)

The Property Law of the People’s Republic of China, which was adopted at the 5th session of

the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007, is hereby promulgated for effect as

of October 1, 2007.

President of the People’s Republic of China Hu Jintao

March 16, 2007

Property Law of the People’s Republic of China

(Adopted at the 5th session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 16, 2007)

Table of Contents

Part One General Provisions

Chapter I Basic Principles

Chapter II Creation, Change, Transfer and Elimination of Real Right

Section 1 Registration of Real Properties

Section 2 Delivery of Movable Properties

Section 3 Other Provisions

Chapter III Protection of Real Right

Part Two Ownership

Chapter IV General Provisions

Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas

Chapter VII Contiguous Relationship

Chapter VIII Common Ownership

Chapter IX Special Provisions on the Acquisition of Ownership

Part Three Usufructuary Rights

Chapter X General Provisions

Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land

Chapter XII Right to Use Land for Construction

Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites

Chapter XIV Easement Rights

6

Part Four Real Rights for Security

Chapter XV General Provisions

Chapter XVI Right to Mortgage

Section 1 General Right to Mortgage

Section 2 Right to Mortgage at Maximum Amount

Chapter XVII Right of Pledge

Section 1 Pledge of Movable Properties

Section 2 Pledge of Rights

Chapter XVIII Lien

Part Five Possession

Chapter XIX Possession

Supplementary Provisions中华人民共和国主席令

(第六十二号)

（相关资料: 法律11篇行政法规4篇部门规章65篇司法解释21篇其他规范性文件5篇地方

法规490篇案例6篇裁判文书1297篇条文释义相关论文1010篇）

《中华人民共和国物权法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议于2007年

3月16日通过，现予公布，自2007年10月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛

2007年3月16日

中华人民共和国物权法

（2007年3月16日第十届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过）

目录

第一编总则

第一章基本原则

第二章物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭

第一节不动产登记

第二节动产交付

第三节其他规定

第三章物权的保护

第二编所有权

第四章一般规定

第五章国家所有权和集体所有权、私人所有权

第六章业主的建筑物区分所有权

第七章相邻关系

第八章共有

第九章所有权取得的特别规定

第三编用益物权

第十章一般规定

第十一章土地承包经营权

第十二章建设用地使用权

第十三章宅基地使用权

7

第十四章地役权

第四编担保物权

第十五章一般规定

第十六章抵押权

第一节一般抵押权

第二节最高额抵押权

第十七章质权

第一节动产质权

第二节权利质权

第十八章留置权

第五编占有

第十九章占有

附则

Part One General Provisions第一编总则

Chapter I Basic Principles第一章基本原则

Article 1 For the purpose of safeguarding the basic economic system of the state, maintaining

the socialist market economic order, clarifying property ownerships, giving play to the utilities of

properties and protecting the real right of the right holders, this Law has been formulated in

accordance with the Constitution Law.第一条【立法目的及依据】为了维护国家基本经济制度，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，明确物

的归属，发挥物的效用，保护权利人的物权，根据宪法，制定本法。

（相关资料: 条文释义相关论文15篇）

Article 2 This Law shall apply to the civil relationships generated from the ownership and

utilization of properties.

The term “property” as mentioned in this Law includes real estates (immovable property) and

movable property. In case other laws also stipulate certain rights to be the objects of real right,

those provisions shall be followed.

The term ’real right’ as mentioned in this Law refers to the exclusive right of direct control

enjoyed by the holder according to law over a specific property, including ownership,

usufructuary right and real rights for security.第二条【调整范围】因物的归属和利用而产生的民事关系，适用本法。

本法所称物，包括不动产和动产。法律规定权利作为物权客体的，依照其规定。

本法所称物权，是指权利人依法对特定的物享有直接支配和排他的权利，包括所有权、用益物

权和担保物权。

（相关资料: 裁判文书13篇条文释义相关论文28篇）

Article 3 In the primary stage of socialism, the state upholds the basic economic system under

which the public (state) ownership shall play a dominant role and diversified forms of

ownerships may develop side by side.

The state consolidates and develops the public (state) economy, and encourages, supports

and guides the development of the nonpublic economy.

8

The state practices the socialist market economy system and safeguards the equal legal

status and development rights of all market operators.第三条【基本经济制度与社会主义市场经济原则】国家在社会主义初级阶段，坚持公有制为主

体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。

国家巩固和发展公有制经济，鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济的发展。

国家实行社会主义市场经济，保障一切市场主体的平等法律地位和发展权利。


Article 4 The real rights of the state, collectives, individuals or any other right holder shall be

protected by law and shall not be infringed by any entities or individuals.第四条【平等保护国家、集体和私人的物权】国家、集体、私人的物权和其他权利人的物权受

法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇裁判文书54篇条文释义相关论文17篇）

Article 5 The varieties and contents of real rights shall be stipulated by law.第五条【物权法定原则】物权的种类和内容，由法律规定。


Article 6 The creation, change, transfer or elimination of the real right of a real estate shall be

registered according to law. The creation or transfer of the real right of a movable property shall

be delivered according to law.第六条【物权公示原则】不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当依照法律规定登记。动

产物权的设立和转让，应当依照法律规定交付。


Article 7 In acquiring or exercising a real right, one shall abide by the law, respect social morals

and may not damage the public interests or the legitimate rights and interests of any other

person.第七条【取得和行使物权遵守法律、尊重社会公德原则】物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，

尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。


Article 8 Where there is any other special provision on real right in any other law, such special

provision shall apply.第八条【物权法与其他法律关系】其他相关法律对物权另有特别规定的，依照其规定。


Chapter II Creation, Change, Transfer and Elimination of Real Right第二章物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭

Section 1 Registration of Real Properties第一节不动产登记

Article 9 The creation, change, transfer or elimination of the real right of a real property shall

become effective after it is registered according to law; it shall have no effect if it is not

registered according to law, except it is otherwise prescribed by any law.

The ownership of the natural resources which are owned by the state according to law are not

required to be registered.

9

第九条【不动产物权登记生效以及所有权可不登记的规定】不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和

消灭，经依法登记，发生效力；未经登记，不发生效力，但法律另有规定的除外。

依法属于国家所有的自然资源，所有权可以不登记。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇裁判文书62篇条文释义相关论文47篇）

Article 10 The registration of a real property shall be executed by the registration organ of the

place where the real property is located.

The state applies a uniform registration system over real properties. The scope, organ and

measures of uniform registration shall be stipulated by the relevant laws and administrative

regulations.第十条【不动产登记机构和国家统一登记制度】不动产登记，由不动产所在地的登记机构办理。

国家对不动产实行统一登记制度。统一登记的范围、登记机构和登记办法，由法律、行政法规

规定。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇地方法规1篇裁判文书1篇条文释义相关论文19篇）

Article 11 An applicant for the registration of a real property shall, in light of the different

registration items, provide the certificate of ownership of the real property and such required

materials as the location and area of the real property.第十一条【申请登记应提供的必要材料】当事人申请登记，应当根据不同登记事项提供权属证

明和不动产界址、面积等必要材料。


Article 12 A registration organ shall perform the following duties:

(1) Examining the certificate of ownership and other required materials submitted by the

applicant;

(2) Inquiring the applicant about the relevant registration items;

(3) Registering the relevant items according to the facts and in a timely manner; and

(4) Other duties prescribed in any law or administrative regulation.

Where it is necessary to further prove the relevant situation of the real property involved in the

application for registration, the registration organ may require the applicant to submit additional

materials and carry out on-the-spot inspection when necessary.第十二条【登记机构应当履行的职责】登记机构应当履行下列职责：

（一）查验申请人提供的权属证明和其他必要材料；

（二）就有关登记事项询问申请人；

（三）如实、及时登记有关事项；

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他职责。

申请登记的不动产的有关情况需要进一步证明的，登记机构可以要求申请人补充材料，必要时

可以实地查看。


Article 13 No registration organ may conduct any of the following behaviors:

(1) Demanding a piece of real property to be evaluated;

(2) Making repeated registration in the name of annual inspection; or

(3) Other behaviors conducted beyond its scope of registration duties.第十三条【登记机构禁止从事的行为】登记机构不得有下列行为：

（一）要求对不动产进行评估；

10

（二）以年检等名义进行重复登记；

（三）超出登记职责范围的其他行为。


Article 14 The creation, change, transfer or elimination of the real right of a real property shall,

in case it shall be registered as required by law, become effective since the date when it is

recorded in the real property register.第十四条【登记效力】不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，依照法律规定应当登记的，自

记载于不动产登记簿时发生效力。


Article 15 A contract concluded by the parties concerned on the creation, change, transfer or

elimination of the real right of a real property shall become effective upon the conclusion of the

contract, except it is otherwise prescribed by any law; and whether the real right has been

registered does not affect the validity of the contract.第十五条【合同效力和物权效力区分】当事人之间订立有关设立、变更、转让和消灭不动产物

权的合同，除法律另有规定或者合同另有约定外，自合同成立时生效；未办理物权登记的，不影

响合同效力。

（相关资料: 司法解释2篇案例1篇裁判文书41篇条文释义相关论文30篇）

Article 16 The real property register shall be the basis for determining the ownership and

contents of a real property. Realty registers shall be managed by the registration organ.第十六条【不动产登记簿效力及其管理机构】不动产登记簿是物权归属和内容的根据。不动产

登记簿由登记机构管理。


Article 17 The real property ownership certificate shall be the proof on the holder’s ownership

of a real property. The items recorded in the real property ownership certificate shall be

consistent with those recorded in the real property register; in case there is any inconsistence,

the one recorded in the real property register shall prevail, except there is evidence to prove

that it is wrong.第十七条【不动产登记簿与不动产权属证书关系】不动产权属证书是权利人享有该不动产物权

的证明。不动产权属证书记载的事项，应当与不动产登记簿一致；记载不一致的，除有证据证明

不动产登记簿确有错误外，以不动产登记簿为准。


Article 18 Any right holder or interested party may apply for inquiring about or copying the

registration materials, and the registration organ shall not refuse.第十八条【不动产登记资料查询、复制】权利人、利害关系人可以申请查询、复制登记资料，

登记机构应当提供。


Article 19 Any right holder or interested party that believes that any item recorded in the real

property registry is wrong may apply for correcting the registration. Where the right holder

recorded in the real property registry agrees to revise the registration in written form or has

evidence to prove that the registration is wrong, the registration organ shall revise the

registration accordingly.

11

Where the right holder recorded in the real property registry does not agree to the change, the

interested party may apply for dissidence registration. If the registration organ approves the

dissidence registration but the applicant fails to bring an action within 15 days since the date of

dissidence registration, the dissidence registration shall cease to be effective. If the dissidence

registration is inappropriate and causes damages to the right holder, the holder may request

the applicant to make compensation for damages.第十九条【不动产更正登记和异议登记】权利人、利害关系人认为不动产登记簿记载的事项错

误的，可以申请更正登记。不动产登记簿记载的权利人书面同意更正或者有证据证明登记确有错

误的，登记机构应当予以更正。

不动产登记簿记载的权利人不同意更正的，利害关系人可以申请异议登记。登记机构予以异议

登记的，申请人在异议登记之日起十五日内不起诉，异议登记失效。异议登记不当，造成权利人

损害的，权利人可以向申请人请求损害赔偿。


Article 20 Where the parties concerned conclude a purchase agreement on a premise or the

real right of any other real property, they may apply to the registration organ for advance notice

registration to guarantee the realization of the real right in the future. After the advance notice

registration, any disposal of the real property without obtaining the consent of the holder in the

advance notice registration shall produce no effect of real right.

If, after the advance notice registration is made, the obligee’s right is eliminated or the

application for the registration of the real property is not made within 3 months since the date

when it can be registered, the advance notice registration shall cease to be effective.第二十条【预告登记】当事人签订买卖房屋或者其他不动产物权的协议，为保障将来实现物权，

按照约定可以向登记机构申请预告登记。预告登记后，未经预告登记的权利人同意，处分该不动

产的，不发生物权效力。

预告登记后，债权消灭或者自能够进行不动产登记之日起三个月内未申请登记的，预告登记失

效。


Article 21 Any party concerned that provides false application materials for registration and

causes damages to any other person shall undertake the liability for compensation.

Where a registration organ causes damages to any other person because of any mistake in

registration, it shall undertake the liability for compensation. After making the compensation,

the registration organ may recover the amount from the person causing the registration error.第二十一条【登记错误赔偿责任】当事人提供虚假材料申请登记，给他人造成损害的，应当承

担赔偿责任。

因登记错误，给他人造成损害的，登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。登记机构赔偿后，可以向造成

登记错误的人追偿。


Article 22 Real property registration fees shall be collected on each piece, and may not be

collected according to the size, volume or on the basis of certain proportion of the value of the

real property. The specific charging rates shall be stipulated by the relevant departments under

the State Council together with the competent department of pricing.第二十二条【登记收费问题】不动产登记费按件收取，不得按照不动产的面积、体积或者价款

的比例收取。具体收费标准由国务院有关部门会同价格主管部门规定。


12

Section 2 Delivery of Movable Properties第二节动产交付

Article 23 The creation or transfer of the real right of a movable property shall become effective

upon delivery, except it is otherwise prescribed by any law.第二十三条【动产物权的设立和转让生效时间】动产物权的设立和转让，自交付时发生效力，

但法律另有规定的除外。

（相关资料: 案例1篇裁判文书14篇条文释义相关论文23篇）

Article 24 The creation, change, transfer or elimination of the real right of any vessel, aircraft or

motor vehicle, etc, if it is not registered, may not challenge any bona fide third party.第二十四条【船舶等物权登记】船舶、航空器和机动车等物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，未

经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。


Article 25 If, before the real right of a movable property is established or transferred, the right

holder has legally possessed the movable property, the real right shall become effective upon

the effectiveness of the legal act.第二十五条【动产物权受让人先行占有】动产物权设立和转让前，权利人已经依法占有该动产

的，物权自法律行为生效时发生效力。


Article 26 If, before the real right of a movable property is established or transferred, a third

party has legally possessed the movable property, the person bearing the obligation of delivery

may request the third party to return the rights over the original object by means of transfer to

substitutive delivery.第二十六条【动产物权指示交付】动产物权设立和转让前，第三人依法占有该动产的，负有交

付义务的人可以通过转让请求第三人返还原物的权利代替交付。


Article 27 If, when the real right of a movable property is transferred, both parties agree to let

the transferor continue possessing the movable property, the real right shall become effective

upon the effectiveness of the agreement.第二十七条【动产物权占有改定】动产物权转让时，双方又约定由出让人继续占有该动产的，

物权自该约定生效时发生效力。


Section 3 Other Provisions第三节其他规定

Article 28 Where a real right is created, changed, transferred or eliminated for a legal document

of the people’s court or arbitration commission or a requisition decision of the people’s

government, etc, the real right shall become effective upon the effectiveness of the legal

document or the requisition decision of the people’s court.第二十八条【特殊原因导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的规定】因人民法院、仲裁委员会

的法律文书或者人民政府的征收决定等，导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的，自法律文书或

者人民政府的征收决定等生效时发生效力。

13


Article 29 Where a real right is acquired through inheritance or bequest, it shall become

effective since the beginning of the inheritance or bequest.第二十九条【因继承或者受遗赠等而取得物权】因继承或者受遗赠取得物权的，自继承或者受

遗赠开始时发生效力。


Article 30 Where a real right is created or eliminated for such factual behaviors as the legal

construction or demolition of premises, it shall become effective upon the accomplishment of

the factual behavior.第三十条【因事实行为而设立或者消灭物权】因合法建造、拆除房屋等事实行为设立或者消灭

物权的，自事实行为成就时发生效力。


Article 31 As for a real right of real property enjoyed in accordance with the provisions of

Articles 28 through 30 of this Law, any disposal of the real right shall produce no effect of real

right if it is not registered as required by law.第三十一条【非依法律行为享有的不动产物权变动】依照本法第二十八条至第三十条规定享有

不动产物权的，处分该物权时，依照法律规定需要办理登记的，未经登记，不发生物权效力。


Chapter III Protection of Real Right第三章物权的保护

Article 32 In case a real right is injured, the right holder may solve the problem through such

channels as conciliation, mediation or arbitration, etc.第三十二条【物权保护争讼程序】物权受到侵害的，权利人可以通过和解、调解、仲裁、诉讼

等途径解决。


Article 33 As for a dispute over the ownership or content of real right, the interested parties may

petition for confirming the right.第三十三条【物权确认请求权】因物权的归属、内容发生争议的，利害关系人可以请求确认权

利。


Article 34 As for the untitled possession of a real property or movable property, the right holder

may petition for returning the original object.第三十四条【返还原物权请求权】无权占有不动产或者动产的，权利人可以请求返还原物。


Article 35 Where a real right has been or may be obstructed, the right holder may petition for

removing the impediment or eliminating the danger.第三十五条【排除妨害、清除危险请求权】妨害物权或者可能妨害物权的，权利人可以请求排

除妨害或者消除危险。


14

Article 36 Where a real property or movable property is damaged, the right holder may petition

for repairing, remaking, changing or restoring the original state.第三十六条【修理、重作、更换或者恢复原状请求权】造成不动产或者动产毁损的，权利人可

以请求修理、重作、更换或者恢复原状。


Article 37 Where a real right is injured and the right holder suffers losses from it, the right holder

may petition for the compensation for the losses or the undertaking of any other civil liability.第三十七条【损害赔偿和其他民事责任请求权】侵害物权，造成权利人损害的，权利人可以请

求损害赔偿，也可以请求承担其他民事责任。


Article 38 The ways for the protection of real right as stipulated in this Law may apply either

independently or by combining with each other in light of the specific circumstance of an injury

of real right.

In addition to undertaking civil liabilities, any entity or individual injuring a real right shall

undertake the administrative liabilities in case any provision on administrative regulation is

violated; if any crime is constituted, he shall be subject to the criminal liabilities.第三十八条【特权保护方式的单用和并用以及三大法律责任的适用】本章规定的物权保护方式，

可以单独适用，也可以根据权利被侵害的情形合并适用。

侵害物权，除承担民事责任外，违反行政管理规定的，依法承担行政责任；构成犯罪的，依法

追究刑事责任。


Part Two Ownership第二编所有权

Chapter IV General Provisions第四章一般规定

Article 39 The owner of a real property or movable property has the rights to possess, use,

seek profits from and dispose of the real property or movable property according to law.第三十九条【所有权基本内容】所有权人对自己的不动产或者动产，依法享有占有、使用、收

益和处分的权利。


Article 40 The owner of a real property or movable property has the right to establish a

usufructuary right or real right for security over the real property or movable property. When

exercising the right, the holder of usufructuary right or the holder of real right for security may

not damage the rights and interests of the owner.第四十条【所有权人设定他物权】所有权人有权在自己的不动产或者动产上设立用益物权和担

保物权。用益物权人、担保物权人行使权利，不得损害所有权人的权益。


Article 41 As for a real property or movable property exclusively owned by the state as

prescribed by law, no entity or individual may acquire its ownership.第四十一条【国家专有】法律规定专属于国家所有的不动产和动产，任何单位和个人不能取得

所有权。

15


Article 42 To meet the needs of public interests, collectively-owned lands, premises owned by

entities and individuals or other real properties may be expropriated in accordance with the

power scope and procedures provided by laws.

As for the expropriation of collectively-owned land, it is necessary to, according to law and in

full amount, pay such fees as land compensation fees, placement subsidies, compensations

for the above-ground fixtures of the lands and seedlings, arrange for social security fees for the

farmers whose land is expropriated, secure their livelihood and safeguard their legitimate rights

and interests.

As for the expropriation of the premises owned by entities and individuals or other real

properties, it is necessary to make compensation for demolishment and relocation according to

law and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the owners of the real properties

expropriated; as for the expropriation of the individuals’ residential houses, it is necessary to

safeguard the housing conditions of the owners of the houses expropriated.

No entity or individual may embezzle, misappropriate, privately share, detain or delay in the

payment of the compensation fees for expropriation.第四十二条【征收】为了公共利益的需要，依照法律规定的权限和程序可以征收集体所有的土

地和单位、个人的房屋及其他不动产。

征收集体所有的土地，应当依法足额支付土地补偿费、安置补助费、地上附着物和青苗的补偿

费等费用，安排被征地农民的社会保障费用，保障被征地农民的生活，维护被征地农民的合法权

益。

征收单位、个人的房屋及其他不动产，应当依法给予拆迁补偿，维护被征收人的合法权益；征

收个人住宅的，还应当保障被征收人的居住条件。

任何单位和个人不得贪污、挪用、私分、截留、拖欠征收补偿费等费用。


Article 43 The state provides special protection for farm lands, strictly restricts the conversion

of farm lands into lands for construction and controls the aggregate quantity of lands for

construction. No one may requisition any collectively-owned land by violating the statutory

power limit and procedures.第四十三条【保护耕地、禁止违法征地】国家对耕地实行特殊保护，严格限制农用地转为建设

用地，控制建设用地总量。不得违反法律规定的权限和程序征收集体所有的土地。


Article 44 In case of the needs of emergent dangers or disasters, it is allowed for one to use the

real properties or movable properties of entities and individuals in accordance with the

statutory power limit and procedures. These real properties or movable properties shall be

returned to the owners after the emergent use. Where any real property or movable property of

any entity or individual is used or damaged or lost after it is used, corresponding compensation

shall be made.第四十四条【征用】因抢险、救灾等紧急需要，依照法律规定的权限和程序可以征用单位、个

人的不动产或者动产。被征用的不动产或者动产使用后，应当返还被征用人。单位、个人的不动

产或者动产被征用或者征用后毁损、灭失的，应当给予补偿。


Chapter V State Ownership, Collective Ownership and Private Ownership

16

第五章国家所有权和集体所有权、私人所有权

Article 45 The properties that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law belong to the

state or all the people as a whole.

The ownership of state-owned properties shall be exercised by the State Council on behalf of

the state; where there is any other provision in any law, this provision shall prevail.第四十五条【国有财产范围、国家所有的性质和国家所有权行使】法律规定属于国家所有的财

产，属于国家所有即全民所有。

国有财产由国务院代表国家行使所有权；法律另有规定的，依照其规定。


Article 46 Mineral deposits, waters and sea areas shall be owned by the state.第四十六条【矿藏、水流、海域的国家所有权】矿藏、水流、海域属于国家所有。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇条文释义相关论文9篇）

Article 47 Urban lands shall be owned by the state. Lands in the rural areas and suburban

areas that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law belong to the state.第四十七条【国家所有土地范围】城市的土地，属于国家所有。法律规定属于国家所有的农村

和城市郊区的土地，属于国家所有。


Article 48 Natural resources such as forests, mountains, grasslands, waste lands and tidal flats

shall be owned by the state, except those that shall be collectively owned as prescribed by law.第四十八条【属于国家所有的自然资源】森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然资源，属于国

家所有，但法律规定属于集体所有的除外。


Article 49 The wildlife resources that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law shall be

owned by the state.第四十九条【野生动植物资源的国家所有权】法律规定属于国家所有的野生动植物资源，属于

国家所有。


Article 50 Radio frequency spectrum resources shall be owned by the state.第五十条【无线电频谱资源的国家所有权】无线电频谱资源属于国家所有。


Article 51 The cultural relics that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law belong to the

state.第五十一条【属于国家所有的文物】法律规定属于国家所有的文物，属于国家所有。


Article 52 Assets of national defense shall be owned by the state.

Infrastructures such as railways, highways, electric power facilities, telecommunication

facilities, and petrol and gas pipelines that shall be owned by the state as prescribed by law

belong to the state.第五十二条【属于国家所有的资产和基础设施】国防资产属于国家所有。

铁路、公路、电力设施、电信设施和油气管道等基础设施，依照法律规定为国家所有的，属于

17

国家所有。


Article 53 State organs have the right to possess, use and dispose of any real property or

movable property directly controlled by them in accordance with the laws and the relevant

provisions of the State Council.第五十三条【国家机关的物权】国家机关对其直接支配的不动产和动产，享有占有、使用以及

依照法律和国务院的有关规定处分的权利。


Article 54 The public institutions held by the state have the right to possess, use, seek profits

from and dispose of any real property or movable property directly under their control in

accordance with the laws and the relevant provisions of the State Council.第五十四条【国家举办的事业单位的物权】国家举办的事业单位对其直接支配的不动产和动产，

享有占有、使用以及依照法律和国务院的有关规定收益、处分的权利。


Article 55 As for the enterprises established with the funds contributed by the state, the State

Council and the local people’s governments shall, in accordance with the relevant laws and

administrative regulations, perform the contributor’s duties and enjoy the contributor’s rights

and interests on behalf of the state.第五十五条【国有出资的企业出资人制度】国家出资的企业，由国务院、地方人民政府依照法

律、行政法规规定分别代表国家履行出资人职责，享有出资人权益。


Article 56 The properties owned by the state shall be under the protection of law, and no entity

or individual may embezzle,, loot, privately divide, retain or destroy them.第五十六条【国有财产保护】国家所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何单位和个人侵占、哄抢、

私分、截留、破坏。


Article 57 The institutions and their staff that perform the duties of managing and supervising

state-owned assets shall make more efforts in the management and supervision of

state-owned assets according to law so as to promote the value maintenance and appreciation

of state-owned assets and prevent the losses of state-owned assets; any entity or individual

causing any loss of state-owned assets for the misuse of authority or neglect of duty shall

undertake legal responsibilities according to law.

Any entity or individual violating the provisions on the management of state-owned assets and

causing losses of state-owned assets in the process of enterprise restructuring, merger,

division or affiliated transactions by way of transferring at a low price, conspiring to distribute

them secretly, providing guarantee with them without authorization or any other way shall

undertake legal responsibilities according to law.第五十七条【国有财产管理法律责任】履行国有财产管理、监督职责的机构及其工作人员，应

当依法加强对国有财产的管理、监督，促进国有财产保值增值，防止国有财产损失；滥用职权，

玩忽职守，造成国有财产损失的，应当依法承担法律责任。

违反国有财产管理规定，在企业改制、合并分立、关联交易等过程中，低价转让、合谋私分、

擅自担保或者以其他方式造成国有财产损失的，应当依法承担法律责任。

18


Article 58 The collectively-owned real properties and movable properties shall include:

(1) Lands, forests, mountains, grasslands, unclaimed lands and tidal flats that shall be

collectively owned as prescribed by law;

(2) Collectively-owned buildings, production facilities, farmland, and water conservancy

facilities;

(3) Collectively-owned facilities for education, science, culture, sanitation and sports, etc;

(4) Other collectively-owned real properties and movable properties.第五十八条【集体财产范围】集体所有的不动产和动产包括：

（一）法律规定属于集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂；

（二）集体所有的建筑物、生产设施、农田水利设施；

（三）集体所有的教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育等设施；

（四）集体所有的其他不动产和动产。


Article 59 The real properties and movable properties owned by a farmers’ collective shall be

collectively owned by all the members of the collective.

The following items shall be decided by the members of the collective in accordance with the

statutory procedures:

(1) Land contracting plan and whether to give out a land contract to an entity or individual

other than those of the collective;

(2) Adjustment of the contracted lands among the holders of the right to the contracted

management of land;

(3) Methods for the use and distribution of such fees as land compensation fees;

(4) The change of ownership or any other relevant issue of an enterprise established with the

funds contributed by the collective;

(5) Other items prescribed by any law.第五十九条【农民集体所有财产归属以及重大事项集体决定】农民集体所有的不动产和动产，

属于本集体成员集体所有。

下列事项应当依照法定程序经本集体成员决定：

（一）土地承包方案以及将土地发包给本集体以外的单位或者个人承包；

（二）个别土地承包经营权人之间承包地的调整；

（三）土地补偿费等费用的使用、分配办法；

（四）集体出资的企业的所有权变动等事项；

（五）法律规定的其他事项。


Article 60 The ownership of a collectively-owned land, forest, mountain, grassland, unclaimed

land or tidal flat shall be exercised in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) If it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a village, the ownership shall be exercised by a

collective economic organization or the villagers’ committee of the village on behalf of the

collective;

(2) If it is owned by two or more farmers’ collectives, the ownership shall be exercised by all

the collective economic organizations or the villagers’ groups of the village on behalf of the

collective; and

(3) If it is owned by a farmers’ collective of a town, the ownership shall be exercised by a

19

collective economic organization of the town on behalf of the collective.第六十条【农民集体所有权的行使】对于集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等，

依照下列规定行使所有权：

（一）属于村农民集体所有的，由村集体经济组织或者村民委员会代表集体行使所有权；

（二）分别属于村内两个以上农民集体所有的，由村内各该集体经济组织或者村民小组代表集

体行使所有权；

（三）属于乡镇农民集体所有的，由乡镇集体经济组织代表集体行使所有权。


Article 61 An urban collective has the rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of

any real property or movable property it owns in accordance with the relevant laws and

administrative regulations.第六十一条【城镇集体财产权利】城镇集体所有的不动产和动产，依照法律、行政法规的规定

由本集体享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。


Article 62 The collective economic organization, villager’s committee or villagers’ group shall

publicize the status of the properties owned by a collective to the members of the collective in

accordance with the relevant laws, administrative regulations, articles of association and

village regulations and villagers’ pledges.第六十二条【公布集体财产状况】集体经济组织或者村民委员会、村民小组应当依照法律、行

政法规以及章程、村规民约向本集体成员公布集体财产的状况。


Article 63 Collectively-owned properties shall be under the protection of law, and no entity or

individual may embezzle, loot, privately divide, retain, or destroy them.

If a decision made by a collective economic organization, villagers’ committee or the person in

charge infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of any member of the collective, the

infringed member of the collective may petition the people’s court to withdraw the decision.第六十三条【集体财产权保护】集体所有的财产受法律保护，禁止任何单位和个人侵占、哄抢、

私分、破坏。

集体经济组织、村民委员会或者其负责人作出的决定侵害集体成员合法权益的，受侵害的集体

成员可以请求人民法院予以撤销。


Article 64 An individual is entitled to the ownership of his legal income, premise, household

goods, instruments of production, raw materials and other real properties and movable

properties.第六十四条【私有财产范围】私人对其合法的收入、房屋、生活用品、生产工具、原材料等不

动产和动产享有所有权。


Article 65 The legal savings, investments and the corresponding proceeds of an individual shall

be under the protection of law.

The state shall protect an individual’s right of inheritance and other legal rights and interests

according to law.第六十五条【保护私人合法权益】私人合法的储蓄、投资及其收益受法律保护。

20

国家依照法律规定保护私人的继承权及其他合法权益。


Article 66 An individual’s legal property shall be under the protection of law, no entity or

individual may encroach, plunder or destroy it.第六十六条【私有财产保护】私人的合法财产受法律保护，禁止任何单位和个人侵占、哄抢、

破坏。


Article 67 The state, any collective or individual may contribute funds to establish a limited

liability company, a company limited by shares or any other enterprise. Where the real

properties or movable properties owned by the state, a collective or an individual are invested

in an enterprise, the contributor shall enjoy such rights as obtaining asset returns, making

important decisions and selecting operators and managers and perform their duties in

accordance with the agreement or on the basis of his proportion of investment.第六十七条【企业出资人权利】国家、集体和私人依法可以出资设立有限责任公司、股份有限

公司或者其他企业。国家、集体和私人所有的不动产或者动产，投到企业的，由出资人按照约定

或者出资比例享有资产收益、重大决策以及选择经营管理者等权利并履行义务。


Article 68 An enterprise legal person has the right to possess, use, seek profits from and

dispose of any real property or movable property it owns in accordance with the laws,

administrative regulations and its articles of association.

The rights of a legal person other than an enterprise legal person over the real properties and

movable properties it owns shall be governed by the provisions of the relevant laws,

administrative regulations and its articles of associations.第六十八条【法人财产权】企业法人对其不动产和动产依照法律、行政法规以及章程享有占有、

使用、收益和处分的权利。

企业法人以外的法人，对其不动产和动产的权利，适用有关法律、行政法规以及章程的规定。


Article 69 The real properties and movable properties owned by social organizations according

to law shall be under the protection of law.第六十九条【保护社会团体财产】社会团体依法所有的不动产和动产，受法律保护。


Chapter VI Owners’ Partitioned Ownership of Building Areas (Owners’ Condominium Rights)第六章业主的建筑物区分所有权

Article 70 An owner shall have ownership over the exclusive parts within the buildings, such as

the residential houses or the houses used for business purposes, and shall have common

ownership and the right of common management over the common parts other than the

exclusive parts.第七十条【对建筑物区分所有权】业主对建筑物内的住宅、经营性用房等专有部分享有所有权，

对专有部分以外的共有部分享有共有和共同管理的权利。


Article 71 An owner has the rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of the

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exclusive parts of the building. No owner may, when exercising his or its rights, endanger the

safety of the building or damage the legitimate rights and interests of any other owner.第七十一条【业主对专有部分行使所有权】业主对其建筑物专有部分享有占有、使用、收益和

处分的权利。业主行使权利不得危及建筑物的安全，不得损害其他业主的合法权益。


Article 72 An owner enjoys the rights and undertakes the obligations over the common parts

other than the exclusive parts of the building, and may not refuse to fulfill the obligations under

the pretext of waiver of rights.

Where an owner transfers his residential house or the house used for business purposes

within the building, the common ownership and the right to common management he/she is

entitled to over the common parts shall be transferred concurrently.第七十二条【业主对共有部分的权利义务】业主对建筑物专有部分以外的共有部分，享有权利，

承担义务；不得以放弃权利不履行义务。

业主转让建筑物内的住宅、经营性用房，其对共有部分享有的共有和共同管理的权利一并转让。


Article 73 The roads within the building zone (or community) shall be commonly owned by the

owners, except the public roads of cities and towns. The green lands within the building area

shall be commonly owned by all the owners, except the public green lands of cities and towns

or those which are expressly ascribed to individuals. The other public places, common facilities

and houses used for real property services within the building zone shall be commonly owned

by all the owners.第七十三条【建筑区划内的场所归属】建筑区划内的道路，属于业主共有，但属于城镇公共道

路的除外。建筑区划内的绿地，属于业主共有，但属于城镇公共绿地或者明示属于个人的除外。

建筑区划内的其他公共场所、公用设施和物业服务用房，属于业主共有。


Article 74 The parking spaces and garages that are within the building area and planned for

parking cars shall be used to satisfy, above all else, the needs of the owners.

The ownership of the parking spaces and garages shall be stipulated by the parties

concerned by way of selling, complementary using or leasing, etc.

The parking spaces occupying the roads or other fields commonly owned by all owners shall

belong to all the owners.第七十四条【车位、车库的规定】建筑区划内，规划用于停放汽车的车位、车库应当首先满足

业主的需要。

建筑区划内，规划用于停放汽车的车位、车库的归属，由当事人通过出售、附赠或者出租等方

式约定。

占用业主共有的道路或者其他场地用于停放汽车的车位，属于业主共有。


Article 75 The owners may establish an owners’ assembly and select an owners’ committee.

The relevant departments of the local people’s governments shall provide guidance and

assistance for the establishment of the owners’ assembly and the selection of the owners’

committee.第七十五条【业主大会、业主委员会设立】业主可以设立业主大会，选举业主委员会。

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地方人民政府有关部门应当对设立业主大会和选举业主委员会给予指导和协助。


Article 76 The following issues shall be commonly decided by all owners:

(1) Formulating or amending the rules of procedure for the owners’ assembly;

(2) Formulating or amending the stipulations on the management of the building and its

affiliated facilities;

(3) Selecting the owners’ committee or changing the members of the owners’ committee;

(4) Selecting or dismissing the real property service enterprise or any other manager;

(5) Raising or using the funds for the maintenance of the building and its affiliated facilities;

(6) Rebuilding the building or any of its affiliated facilities;

(7) Other important issues concerning the common ownership and the right to common

management.

The decisions related to the issues prescribed in Item (5) or Item (6) of the preceding

paragraph shall be made by the owners who exclusively own 2/3 or more of the total area of

the building and who account for 2/3 or more of the total number of the owners. on the

decisions related to any other issue prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be made by

the owners who exclusively own half of the total area of the building and who account for half of

the total number of the owners.第七十六条【业主决定建筑区划内重大事项及表决权】下列事项由业主共同决定：

（一）制定和修改业主大会议事规则；

（二）制定和修改建筑物及其附属设施的管理规约；

（三）选举业主委员会或者更换业主委员会成员；

（四）选聘和解聘物业服务企业或者其他管理人；

（五）筹集和使用建筑物及其附属设施的维修资金；

（六）改建、重建建筑物及其附属设施；

（七）有关共有和共同管理权利的其他重大事项。

决定前款第五项和第六项规定的事项，应当经专有部分占建筑物总面积三分之二以上的业主且

占总人数三分之二以上的业主同意。决定前款其他事项，应当经专有部分占建筑物总面积过半数

的业主且占总人数过半数的业主同意。


Article 77 No owner may change a residential house into a house used for business purposes

by violating any law, regulation or stipulation on building management. When changing a

residential house into a house used for business purposes, the owner shall, in addition to

observing laws, regulations and stipulations on building management, obtain the consent of all

the other owners who have interests in the change.第七十七条【将住宅改变为经营性用房的规定】业主不得违反法律、法规以及管理规约，将住

宅改变为经营性用房。业主将住宅改变为经营性用房的，除遵守法律、法规以及管理规约外，应

当经有利害关系的业主同意。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇司法解释1篇地方法规1篇裁判文书1篇条文释义相关论文5篇）

Article 78 The decision made by an owners’ assembly or an owners’ committee is binding to all

the owners.

Where any decision made by the owners’ assembly or the owners’ committee has infringed

upon the legitimate rights and interests of an owner, such an owner may petition the people’s

court for withdrawing the decision.

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第七十八条【业主大会、业主委员会决定效力】业主大会或者业主委员会的决定，对业主具有

约束力。

业主大会或者业主委员会作出的决定侵害业主合法权益的，受侵害的业主可以请求人民法院予

以撤销。


Article 79 The funds for the maintenance of a building and its affiliated facilities shall be

commonly owned by the owners of the building. The funds may be used for the maintenance of

such common facilities as elevators and water tanks as codetermined by the owners. The

information regarding the raise and use of the maintenance funds shall be published to all the

owners.第七十九条【建筑物及其附属设施的维修基金的归属、用途以及筹集与使用】建筑物及其附属

设施的维修资金，属于业主共有。经业主共同决定，可以用于电梯、水箱等共有部分的维修。维

修资金的筹集、使用情况应当公布。


Article 80 As for such issues as the allocation of the expenses spent for and the distribution of

the income obtained from a building or any of its affiliated facilities, where there is any

stipulation on it, this stipulation shall apply; where there is no stipulation on it or the stipulation

is not clear, these issues shall be determined on the basis the proportion of each owner’s

exclusive parts to the total area of the building.第八十条【建筑物及其附属设施的费用分摊、收益分配】建筑物及其附属设施的费用分摊、收

益分配等事项，有约定的，按照约定；没有约定或者约定不明确的，按照业主专有部分占建筑物

总面积的比例确定。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇地方法规1篇条文释义相关论文5篇）

Article 81 The owners of a building may manage the building and its affiliated facilities by

themselves or by entrusting a real property service enterprise or any other management

personnel.

The owners are entitled to change the real property service enterprise or any other

management personnel hired by the construction entity according to law.第八十一条【建筑物及其附属设施的管理】业主可以自行管理建筑物及其附属设施，也可以委

托物业服务企业或者其他管理人管理。

对建设单位聘请的物业服务企业或者其他管理人，业主有权依法更换。


Article 82 The real property service enterprise or any other management personnel shall

manage the building and its affiliated facilities within the building area upon the entrustment of

the owners and be subject to the supervision of the owners.第八十二条【物业服务企业或者其他管理人与业主关系】物业服务企业或者其他管理人根据业

主的委托管理建筑区划内的建筑物及其附属设施，并接受业主的监督。


Article 83 The owners shall abide by the laws, regulations and management stipulations.

As for an act injuring the legitimate rights and interests of other persons, such as discarding

wastes at will, discharging atmospheric pollutants and noise, breeding animals by violating the

relevant regulations, illegally building shelters, occupying passages or refusing to pay real

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property management fees, etc, the owners’ assembly and the owners’ committee are entitled

to request the actor to cease the infringing act, eliminate the danger, remove the impediments

and make compensation for the losses in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and

stipulations on management. An owner may bring a lawsuit to the people’s court according to

law in case there is any infringement upon his legitimate rights and interests.第八十三条【业主义务】业主应当遵守法律、法规以及管理规约。

业主大会和业主委员会，对任意弃置垃圾、排放污染物或者噪声、违反规定饲养动物、违章搭

建、侵占通道、拒付物业费等损害他人合法权益的行为，有权依照法律、法规以及管理规约，要

求行为人停止侵害、消除危险、排除妨害、赔偿损失。业主对侵害自己合法权益的行为，可以依

法向人民法院提起诉讼。


Chapter VII Relationships of Adjacency第七章相邻关系

Article 84 Right holders who are adjacent to one another on a real property shall correctly

handle the relationship of adjacency in accordance with the principles of facilitating production,

making things convenient in life, showing unity and providing mutual assistance, and fairness

and equity.第八十四条【处理相邻关系的原则】不动产的相邻权利人应当按照有利生产、方便生活、团结

互助、公平合理的原则，正确处理相邻关系。


Article 85 Where there is any provision on the handling of contiguous relationship, such

provision shall apply; where there isn’t any provision on it, the contiguous relationship shall be

handled in light of the local customs.第八十五条【处理相邻关系的依据】法律、法规对处理相邻关系有规定的，依照其规定；法律、

法规没有规定的，可以按照当地习惯。


Article 86 The holder of a real property shall provide necessary convenience for the use of

water and drainage of the adjacent right holders.

The utilization of natural running water shall be rationally distributed to the adjacent right

holders of a real property. As for the drainage of natural running water, the natural current

direction shall be respected.第八十六条【用水、排水相邻关系】不动产权利人应当为相邻权利人用水、排水提供必要的便

利。

对自然流水的利用，应当在不动产的相邻权利人之间合理分配。对自然流水的排放，应当尊重

自然流向。


Article 87 The right holder of a real property shall provide necessary convenience in case a

adjacent right holder has to use his land because of passage or any other reason.第八十七条【相邻关系中通行权】不动产权利人对相邻权利人因通行等必须利用其土地的，应

当提供必要的便利。


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Article 88 Where the right holder of a real property has to use a adjacent land or building for

such reasons as constructing or repairing a building, or laying wires, cables, water pipes,

heating pipelines or fuel gas pipelines, etc, the right holder of the land or building shall provide

necessary convenience.第八十八条【利用相邻土地】不动产权利人因建造、修缮建筑物以及铺设电线、电缆、水管、

暖气和燃气管线等必须利用相邻土地、建筑物的，该土地、建筑物的权利人应当提供必要的便利。


Article 89 As for the construction of a building, no entity or individual may violate the relevant

engineering construction standards of the state or block the ventilation, lighting or sunshine of

any adjacent building.第八十九条【通风、采光和日照的规定】建造建筑物，不得违反国家有关工程建设标准，妨碍

相邻建筑物的通风、采光和日照。


Article 90 An holder of real property may not discard solid wastes or discharge atmospheric

pollutants, water pollutants, or such harmful substances as noise, light and magnetic radiation

by violating the relevant provisions of the state.第九十条【相邻不动产之间禁止排放、施放污染物】不动产权利人不得违反国家规定弃置固体

废物，排放大气污染物、水污染物、噪声、光、电磁波辐射等有害物质。


Article 91 When excavating a land, constructing a building, laying a pipeline or installing an

equipment, the right holder of the real property may not endanger the safety of any adjacent

real property.第九十一条【维护相邻不动产安全】不动产权利人挖掘土地、建造建筑物、铺设管线以及安装

设备等，不得危及相邻不动产的安全。


Article 92 In case the right holder of a real property has to use a adjacent real property for

reasons of using water, drainage, passage or laying pipelines, etc, he shall do his best to avoid

causing any damage to the right holder of the adjacent real property; if any damage is caused,

he shall make corresponding compensations.第九十二条【使用相邻不动产时避免造成损害】不动产权利人因用水、排水、通行、铺设管线

等利用相邻不动产的，应当尽量避免对相邻的不动产权利人造成损害；造成损害的，应当给予赔

偿。


Chapter VIII Common Ownership第八章共有

Article 93 A real property or movable property may be commonly owned by two or more entities

or individuals. Common ownership includes several co-ownership and joint ownership.第九十三条【共有概念和共有形式】不动产或者动产可以由两个以上单位、个人共有。共有包

括按份共有和共同共有。


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Article 94 A several co-owner of a commonly owned real property or movable property shall

enjoy the ownership of the real property or movable property according to his shares.第九十四条【按份共有】按份共有人对共有的不动产或者动产按照其份额享有所有权。


Article 95 A joint owner of a commonly owned real property or movable property shall enjoy the

ownership of the real property or movable property on a common basis.第九十五条【共同共有】共同共有人对共有的不动产或者动产共同享有所有权。


Article 96 The co-owners of a commonly owned real property or movable property shall

manage the real property or movable property as stipulated; where it is not stipulated or clearly

stipulated, all co-owners have the right and obligation of management.第九十六条【共有物管理】共有人按照约定管理共有的不动产或者动产；没有约定或者约定不

明确的，各共有人都有管理的权利和义务。


Article 97 As for the disposal or major repair of a commonly owned real property or movable

property, the consent of the several co-owners possessing 2/3 of the shares or all joint owners

shall be obtained, except it is stipulated otherwise by the co-owners.第九十七条【共有物处分或者重大修缮】处分共有的不动产或者动产以及对共有的不动产或者

动产作重大修缮的，应当经占份额三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全体共同共有人同意，但共有

人之间另有约定的除外。


Article 98 As for the management expenses or any other liabilities of a commonly owned

property, if there is any stipulation on it, such stipulation shall apply; if there isn’t any stipulation

on it or the stipulation is not clear, the expenses shall be borne by the several co-owners on the

basis of their respective shares or commonly borne by all joint owners.第九十八条【共有物管理费用负担】对共有物的管理费用以及其他负担，有约定的，按照约定；

没有约定或者约定不明确的，按份共有人按照其份额负担，共同共有人共同负担。


Article 99 In case the co-owners of a commonly owned real property or movable property have

stipulated that, in order to maintain the relationship of common ownership, it is not allowed to

partition the real property or movable property, such stipulation shall apply; but if any of the

co-owners needs to partition the real property or movable property for certain significant

reasons, he may petition for partitioning it; if there is no stipulation or the stipulation is not clear,

a several co-owner may petition for partitioning it at any time, and a joint owner may petition for

partitioning it in case the basis for the common ownership disappears or he needs to partition it

for certain significant reasons. If the partition causes any damage to any other person, the

corresponding compensation shall be made.第九十九条【共有财产分割原则】共有人约定不得分割共有的不动产或者动产，以维持共有关

系的，应当按照约定，但共有人有重大理由需要分割的，可以请求分割；没有约定或者约定不明

确的，按份共有人可以随时请求分割，共同共有人在共有的基础丧失或者有重大理由需要分割时

可以请求分割。因分割对其他共有人造成损害的，应当给予赔偿。


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Article 100 The co-owners of a commonly owned real property or movable property may

determine the way of partition by means of negotiation. If no agreement is reached and the real

property or movable property may be partitioned without affecting its value, the real object shall

be partitioned; if it is difficult to partition it or its value would be affected because of the partition,

the partition shall be executed by distributing the purchase price obtained from converting its

value into money, the auction or selling off the real property or movable property.

In case the real property or movable property obtained by a co-owner from the partition of a

commonly owned real property or movable property has any flaw, the other co-owners shall

partake the losses together.第一百条【共有物侵害方式】共有人可以协商确定分割方式。达不成协议，共有的不动产或者

动产可以分割并且不会因分割减损价值的，应当对实物予以分割；难以分割或者因分割会减损价

值的，应当对折价或者拍卖、变卖取得的价款予以分割。

共有人分割所得的不动产或者动产有瑕疵的，其他共有人应当分担损失。


Article 101 A several co-owner of a commonly owned real property or movable property may

transfer his share of the real property or movable property. The other several co-owners have

the preemptive right to purchase the share.第一百零一条【共有人的优先购买权】按份共有人可以转让其享有的共有的不动产或者动产份

额。其他共有人在同等条件下享有优先购买的权利。


Article 102 As for an obligee’s right or a debt generated from a commonly owned real property

or movable property, a co-owner shall enjoy joint and several creditor’s right or assume joint

and several debt in terms of external relationship, except it is otherwise prescribed by any law

or that the third party is aware of the fact that the co-owner does not have the relationship of

joint and several creditor’s right or debt. In terms of the internal relationship among the

co-owners, a co-owner shall enjoy the creditor’s right or assume the debt on the basis of his

own share, except it is otherwise stipulated by the co-owners; joint owners shall enjoy the

creditor’s right or assume the debt on a common basis. Any several co-owner who overpays

his share of the debt is entitled to recover the overpaid amount from the other co-owners.第一百零二条【因共有财产产生的债权债务关系的效力】因共有的不动产或者动产产生的债权

债务，在对外关系上，共有人享有连带债权、承担连带债务，但法律另有规定或者第三人知道共

有人不具有连带债权债务关系的除外；在共有人内部关系上，除共有人另有约定外，按份共有人

按照份额享有债权、承担债务，共同共有人共同享有债权、承担债务。偿还债务超过自己应当承

担份额的按份共有人，有权向其他共有人追偿。


Article 103 Where the co-owners of a real property or movable property does not stipulate

whether the real property or movable property is subject to several co-ownership or joint

ownership, or where the stipulation is not clear, it shall be deemed as a several co-ownership

unless there is a family relationship among the co-owners.第一百零三条【共有关系不明对共有关系性质推定】共有人对共有的不动产或者动产没有约定

为按份共有或者共同共有，或者约定不明确的，除共有人具有家庭关系等外，视为按份共有。


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Article 104 A several co-owner’s share of a commonly owned real property or movable

property shall be determined on the basis of his amount of contribution in case it is not

stipulated or the stipulation is not clear; if it is impossible to determine the amount of

contribution, each several co-owner shall enjoy an equal share.第一百零四条【按份共有人份额不明的确定原则】按份共有人对共有的不动产或者动产享有的

份额，没有约定或者约定不明确的，按照出资额确定；不能确定出资额的，视为等额享有。


Article 105 Where the usufructuary right or real right for security of a real property or movable

property is owned by two or more entities or individuals, the provisions of this Chapter shall

apply by analogy.第一百零五条【用益物权和担保物权的准共有】两个以上单位、个人共同享有用益物权、担保

物权的，参照本章规定。


Chapter IX Special Provisions on the Acquisition of Ownership第九章所有权取得的特别规定

Article 106 Where a person untitled to dispose a real property or movable property transfers

the real property or movable property to an assignee, the owner has the right to recover the

real property or movable property. Except it is otherwise prescribed by law, once it is under any

of the following circumstances, the assignee shall obtain the ownership of the real property or

movable property:

(1) The assignee accepted the real property or movable property in good faith;

(2) The real property or movable property is transferred at a reasonable price; or

(3) The transferred real property or movable property shall have been registered in case

registration is required by law, and shall have been delivered to the assignee in case

registration is not required.

Where an assignee obtains the ownership of a real property or movable property in

accordance with the preceding paragraph, the original owner may ask the person untitled to

dispose of the real property or movable property to make compensation for his losses.

Where a party concerned obtains any other real right in good faith, he shall be governed by

the preceding two paragraphs by analogy.第一百零六条【善意取得】无处分权人将不动产或者动产转让给受让人的，所有权人有权追回；

除法律另有规定外，符合下列情形的，受让人取得该不动产或者动产的所有权：

（一）受让人受让该不动产或者动产时是善意的；

（二）以合理的价格转让；

（三）转让的不动产或者动产依照法律规定应当登记的已经登记，不需要登记的已经交付给受

让人。

受让人依照前款规定取得不动产或者动产的所有权的，原所有权人有权向无处分权人请求赔偿

损失。

当事人善意取得其他物权的，参照前两款规定。


Article 107 The owner or any other holder is entitled to recover a lost property. Where the lost

property is possessed by any other person through transfer, the owner is entitled to ask the

person untitled to dispose of the property to make compensations for damages, or, within 2

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years since the date when he knows who is the assignee, ask the assignee to return the

original property. But if the assignee purchases the lost property by way of auction or from a

qualified operator, the holder shall, when asking for returning the original property, pay the

amount paid by the assignee for purchasing the property to the assignee. Where there is any

other provision, such provision shall apply. After paying the amount paid by the assignee for

purchasing the property to the assignee, the owner is entitled to recover the amount from the

person untitled to dispose of the property.第一百零七条【遗失物的善意取得】所有权人或者其他权利人有权追回遗失物。该遗失物通过

转让被他人占有的，权利人有权向无处分权人请求损害赔偿，或者自知道或者应当知道受让人之

日起二年内向受让人请求返还原物，但受让人通过拍卖或者向具有经营资格的经营者购得该遗失

物的，权利人请求返还原物时应当支付受让人所付的费用。权利人向受让人支付所付费用后，有

权向无处分权人追偿。


Article 108 After a bona fide assignee obtains a real property, the original rights on the real

property shall be eliminated, except the right that the bona fide assignee has already been or

should be aware of when the transfer is made.第一百零八条【善意受让人取得动产后的原有权利消灭】善意受让人取得动产后，该动产上的

原有权利消灭，但善意受让人在受让时知道或者应当知道该权利的除外。


Article 109 A lost-and-found object shall be returned to the right holder of the object. The

person who finds such object shall notify the right holder to claim the object or hand it over to

the public security department or any other department in a timely manner.第一百零九条【拾得遗失物返还】拾得遗失物，应当返还权利人。拾得人应当及时通知权利人

领取，或者送交公安等有关部门。


Article 110 A relevant department shall, after receiving a lost-and-found object, in case it knows

the right holder of the object, notify him to claim the object in a timely manner; in case it does

not know, it shall publish an announcement on the finding of the lost property in a timely

manner.第一百一十条【收到遗失物的处理】有关部门收到遗失物，知道权利人的，应当及时通知其领

取；不知道的，应当及时发布招领公告。


Article 111 A lost-and-found object shall be properly kept by the person who finds the object

before it is handed over to the relevant department and by the relevant department before it is

claimed by the right holder of the object. In case the object is damaged or lost deliberately or

for gross negligence, the relevant personnel shall undertake the civil liabilities.第一百一十一条【遗失物保管】拾得人在遗失物送交有关部门前，有关部门在遗失物被领取前，

应当妥善保管遗失物。因故意或者重大过失致使遗失物毁损、灭失的，应当承担民事责任。


Article 112 When obtaining a lost-and-found object, the right holder of the object shall pay such

necessary expenses as the cost for safekeeping the object to the person who finds the object

or the relevant department.

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In case a right holder offers a reward for finding the object, he shall fulfill the obligation of

granting the reward when claiming the object.

In case the object is misappropriated by the person who finds the object, the person who finds

the object shall have no right to ask for paying the expenses paid for safekeeping the object or

petition the holder to fulfill the obligation as promised.第一百一十二条【拾金不昧】权利人领取遗失物时，应当向拾得人或者有关部门支付保管遗失

物等支出的必要费用。

权利人悬赏寻找遗失物的，领取遗失物时应当按照承诺履行义务。

拾得人侵占遗失物的，无权请求保管遗失物等支出的费用，也无权请求权利人按照承诺履行义

务。


Article 113 A lost-and-found object that fails to be claimed within 6 months since the date when

the announcement on the finding of the object is published shall be owned by the state.第一百一十三条【无人认领的遗失物归国家所有】遗失物自发布招领公告之日起六个月内无人

认领的，归国家所有。


Article 114 The finding of a drifter or the discovery of an object buried underground or a hidden

property shall be governed by the relevant provisions on the finding of a lost-and-found

property. In case there is any other provision in such laws as the law on the protection of

cultural relics, such provisions shall apply.第一百一十四条【拾得漂流物、发现埋藏物或者隐藏物的规定】拾得漂流物、发现埋藏物或者

隐藏物的，参照拾得遗失物的有关规定。文物保护法等法律另有规定的，依照其规定。


Article 115 Where a principal property is transferred, the accessory property shall be

transferred together with the principal property, except it is otherwise stipulated by the parties

concerned.第一百一十五条【从物随主物转让】主物转让的，从物随主物转让，但当事人另有约定的除外。


Article 116 Natural fruits shall be obtained by the owner; in case there are both owner and

holder of usufructuary right on the natural fruits, it shall be obtained by the holder of

usufructuary right. Where it is stipulated otherwise by the parties concerned, such stipulation

shall apply.

Statutory fruits shall be obtained by the parties concerned as stipulated by them; where it is

not stipulated or clearly stipulated, it shall be obtained in accordance with the practices of

trading.第一百一十六条【天然孳息及法定孳息归属】天然孳息，由所有权人取得；既有所有权人又有

用益物权人的，由用益物权人取得。当事人另有约定的，按照约定。

法定孳息，当事人有约定的，按照约定取得；没有约定或者约定不明确的，按照交易习惯取得。


Part Three Usufructuary Right

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第三编用益物权

Chapter X General Provisions第十章一般规定

Article 117 A usufructuary right holder shall enjoy the right to possess, use and seek proceeds

from the real property or movable property owned by someone else according to legal

provisions.第一百一十七条【用益物权人享有的基本权利】用益物权人对他人所有的不动产或者动产，依

法享有占有、使用和收益的权利。


Article 118 An entity or individual may possess, use and seek proceeds from the natural

resources that are owned by the state or that are owned by the state but used by the collective

as well as those that are owned by the collective.第一百一十八条【国有和集体所有的自然资源，单位和个人可以取得用益物权】国家所有或者

国家所有由集体使用以及法律规定属于集体所有的自然资源，单位、个人依法可以占有、使用和

收益。


Article 119 The state implements the system of fee-based use of natural resources, unless it is

otherwise prescribed by any other laws.第一百一十九条【自然资源使用制度】国家实行自然资源有偿使用制度，但法律另有规定的除

外。


Article 120 A usufructuary right holder shall, when exercising its or his right, abide by the

provisions on protection, reasonable exploration and utilization of resources as prescribed in

the laws. An owner shall not intervene in the exercise of rights by the usufructuary right holder.第一百二十条【用益物权人的权利行使】用益物权人行使权利，应当遵守法律有关保护和合理

开发利用资源的规定。所有权人不得干涉用益物权人行使权利。


Article 121 In case a real property or movable property is expropriated or requisitioned, and

thus causes loss of usufructuary right or affects the use of usufructuary right, the usufructuary

right holder shall be entitled to obtain corresponding compensations according to Articles 42

and 44 of this Law.第一百二十一条【用益物权人因征收、征用有权获得补偿】因不动产或者动产被征收、征用致

使用益物权消灭或者影响用益物权行使的，用益物权人有权依照本法第四十二条、第四十四条的

规定获得相应补偿。


Article 122 The right to use sea areas as lawfully obtained shall be governed by the law.第一百二十二条【海域使用权】依法取得的海域使用权受法律保护。


Article 123 The mineral prospecting right, the mining right, the water intake right and the right to

use water areas or tidal flats for engaging in breeding or fishery shall be protected by law.

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第一百二十三条【合法探矿权等受法律保护】依法取得的探矿权、采矿权、取水权和使用水域、

滩涂从事养殖、捕捞的权利受法律保护。


Chapter XI Right to the Contracted Management of Land第十一章土地承包经营权

Article 124 A rural collective economic organization shall implement a dual operation system

characterized by the combination of centralized operation with decentralized operation on the

basis of household contracted management.

The system of land contracted management shall be implemented to the cultivated land,

wood land, grassland, and land for other agricultural uses that are owned by farmers’

collectives as well as those that are owned by the state and exploited by farmers’ collectives.第一百二十四条【农村集体经济组织实行双层经营体制】农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营

为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。

农民集体所有和国家所有由农民集体使用的耕地、林地、草地以及其他用于农业的土地，依法

实行土地承包经营制度。


Article 125 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land shall enjoy the right to

possess, use and seek proceeds from the cultivated land, wood land and grassland, etc. under

the contracted management thereof, and have the right to engage in planting, forestry,

stockbreeding or other agricultural production activities.第一百二十五条【土地承包经营权人享有的基本权利】土地承包经营权人依法对其承包经营的

耕地、林地、草地等享有占有、使用和收益的权利，有权从事种植业、林业、畜牧业等农业生产。


Article 126 The term of a contract for cultivated land shall be 30 years. The term of a contract

for grassland shall be 30 up to 50 years. The term of a contract for wood land shall be more

than 30 years but less than 70 years. The term of a contract for special forest land may be

extended upon approval of the forestry administrative department under the State Council.

After the term of a contract as mentioned in the preceding paragraph expires, the holder of the

right to the contracted management of land may continue to fulfill the contract according to the

relevant provisions of the state.第一百二十六条【土地承包期】耕地的承包期为三十年。草地的承包期为三十年至五十年。林

地的承包期为三十年至七十年；特殊林木的林地承包期，经国务院林业行政主管部门批准可以延

长。

前款规定的承包期届满，由土地承包经营权人按照国家有关规定继续承包。


Article 127 The right to the contracted management of land shall be established as of the

effectiveness of the contract on the right to the contracted management of land.

The local people’s government at or above the county level shall issue a certificate of the right

to the contracted management of land, a forestry right certificate or a grassland-use right

certificate to the holder of right to the contracted management of land, register it in the brochure

and confirm the right to the contracted management of land.

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第一百二十七条【土地承包经营权设立和登记】土地承包经营权自土地承包经营权合同生效时

设立。

县级以上地方人民政府应当向土地承包经营权人发放土地承包经营权证、林权证、草原使用权

证，并登记造册，确认土地承包经营权。


Article 128 The holder of the right to the contracted management of land shall be entitled to

circulate the right to the contracted management of land according to the provisions in the law

on the contracting of rural land. The circulated term shall not exceed the remnant term of the

original contract on right to the contracted management of land. Without approval, no

contracted land may be used for non-agricultural constructions.第一百二十八条【家庭承包的土地承包经营权流转】土地承包经营权人依照农村土地承包法的

规定，有权将土地承包经营权采取转包、互换、转让等方式流转。流转的期限不得超过

承包期的剩余期限。未经依法批准，不得将承包地用于非农建设。


Article 129 In the event that the circulation of the right to the contracted management of land is

realized through exchange or transfer, if the parties concerned require that the circulation be

registered, an application for the alteration registration of right to the contracted management

of land shall be submitted to the local people’s government at or above the county level.

Without registration, neither party may challenge any bona fide third party.第一百二十九条【互换、转让土地承包经营权进行登记】土地承包经营权人将土地承包经营权

互换、转让，当事人要求登记的，应当向县级以上地方人民政府申请土地承包经营权变更登记；

未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。


Article 130 Within the duration of a contract, the contract-letting party shall not readjust the

contracted land.

If proper readjustment of cultivated land or grassland as contracted is required due to such

special events as natural calamities that have materially damaged the contracted land, it shall

be conducted according to the legal provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land and

other relevant laws.第一百三十条【承包地调整】承包期内发包人不得调整承包地。

因自然灾害严重毁损承包地等特殊情形，需要适当调整承包的耕地和草地的，应当依照农村土

地承包法等法律规定办理。


Article 131 Within the term of a contract, the contract-letting party shall not take back the

contracted land. Where there are separate provisions in the law on the contracting of rural land

or any other law, such provisions shall prevail.第一百三十一条【承包地收回】承包期内发包人不得收回承包地。农村土地承包法等法律另有

规定的，依照其规定。

（相关资料: 裁判文书2篇条文释义相关论, 文1篇）

Article 132 If a contracted land is expropriated, corresponding compensations shall be given to

the holder of the right to the contracted management of land according to Paragraph 2, Article

42 of this Law.

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第一百三十二条【承包地被征收的补偿】承包地被征收的，土地承包经营权人有权依照本法第

四十二条第二款的规定获得相应补偿。


Article 133 The right to the contracted management of land to barren land or other rural land

that is contracted by means of bid invitation, auction, or open negotiation, etc. may be

circulated by means of transfer, lease, equity contribution, or mortgage, etc.第一百三十三条【以招标等方式承包的土地承包经营权流转】通过招标、拍卖、公开协商等方

式承包荒地等农村土地，依照农村土地承包法等法律和国务院的有关规定，其土地承包经营

权可以转让、入股、抵押或者以其他方式流转。


Article 134 The implementation of contracted management to the rural land that is owned by

the state shall be governed by the relevant provisions in this Law by analogy.第一百三十四条【国有农用地实行承包经营的法律适用】国家所有的农用地实行承包经营的，

参照本法的有关规定。


Chapter XII Right to Use Land for Construction Purpose第十二章建设用地使用权

Article 135 The holder of the right to use land for construction shall be entitled to possess, use

and seek proceeds from the land owned by the state, and be entitled to make use of the land

for constructing buildings, fixtures and their auxiliary facilities.第一百三十五条【建设用地使用权概念】建设用地使用权人依法对国家所有的土地享有占有、

使用和收益的权利，有权利, 用该土地建造建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施。


Article 136 The right to use land for construction may be established separately on the surface

of or above or under the land. The newly-established right to use land for construction shall not

damage the usufructuary right that has already been established.第一百三十六条【建设用地使用权分层设立】建设用地使用权可以在土地的地表、地上或者地

下分别设立。新设立的建设用地使用权，不得损害已设立的用益物权。


Article 137 The right to use land for construction may be established by means of transfer or

allotment, etc.

The land used for purposes of industry, business, entertainment or commercial dwelling

houses, etc. or the land for which there are two or more intended users shall be transferred by

means of auction, bid invitation or any other public bidding method.

It is strictly prohibited to establish the right to use land for construction by means of allotment.

The means of allotment shall be adopted according to the provisions on land uses in the laws

and administrative regulations.第一百三十七条【建设用地使用权出让方式】设立建设用地使用权，可以采取出让或者划拨等

方式。

工业、商业、旅游、娱乐和商品住宅等经营性用地以及同一土地有两个以上意向用地者的，应

当采取招标、拍卖等公开竞价的方式出让。

35

严格限制以划拨方式设立建设用地使用权。采取划拨方式的，应当遵守法律、行政法规关于土

地用途的规定。


Article 138 Where the right to use land for construction is established by means of auction, bid

invitation, or agreement, etc., the parties concerned shall enter into a written contract on the

transfer of the right to use land for construction.

A contract on transfer of the right to use land for construction shall generally include the

following clauses:

(1) Name and domicile of the parties;

(2) Location and acreage, etc. of the land;

(3) Space occupied by buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities;

(4) Purposes of use;

(5) Term of use;

(6) Payment methods for allotment fees and other fees; and

(7) Dispute resolution method.第一百三十八条【建设用地使用权出让合同内容】采取招标、拍卖、协议等出让方式设立建设

用地使用权的，当事人应当采取书面形式订立建设用地使用权出让合同。

建设用地使用权出让合同一般包括下列条款：

（一）当事人的名称和住所；

（二）土地界址、面积等；

（三）建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施占用的空间；

（四）土地用途；

（五）使用期限；

（六）出让金等费用及其支付方式；

（七）解决争议的方法。


Article 139 For the creation of the right to use land for construction, an application for the

registration of the right to use land for construction shall be filed with the registration organ. The

right to use land for construction shall be established upon registration. The registration organ

shall issue a certification on the right to use land for construction to the holder of the right to use

land for construction.第一百三十九条【建设用地使用权登记】设立建设用地使用权的，应当向登记机构申请建设用

地使用权登记。建设用地使用权自登记时设立。登记机构应当向建设用地使用权人发放建设用地

使用权证书。


Article 140 The holder of the right to use land for construction shall reasonably utilize the land,

shall not change the purpose of land use, and shall be subject to the approval of the relevant

administrative department if the purpose of land use needs to be changed.第一百四十条【土地用途】建设用地使用权人应当合理利用土地，不得改变土地用途；需要改

变土地用途的，应当依法经有关行政主管部门批准。


Article 141 The holder of the right to use land for construction shall pay transfer fees and other

fees according to the legal provisions and the contract.

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第一百四十一条【建设用地使用权人支付出让金等费用的义务】建设用地使用权人应当依照法

律规定以及合同约定支付出让金等费用。


Article 142 The ownership of the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities built by the

holder of the right to use land for construction shall belong to the holder of the right to use land

for construction, unless it is otherwise proved by contrary evidence.第一百四十二条【建设用地使用权人建造的建筑物等设施的权属】建设用地使用权人建造的建

筑物、构筑物及其附属设施的所有权属于建设用地使用权人，但有相反证据证明的除外。


Article 143 The holder of the right to use land for construction shall be entitled to transfer,

exchange, use as equity contributions, endow or mortgage the right to use land for

construction, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law.第一百四十三条【建设用地使用权流转方式】建设用地使用权人有权将建设用地使用权转让、

互换、出资、赠与或者抵押，但法律另有规定的除外。


Article 144 In case the right to use land for construction is transferred, exchanged, used as

equity contributions, endowed or mortgaged, the parties shall conclude a corresponding

contract in written form. The contractual term shall be stipulated by the parties concerned, but

shall not exceed the remnant term as stipulated in the contract on transfer of the right to use

land for construction.第一百四十四条【处分建设用地使用权的合同形式和期限】建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资、

赠与或者抵押的，当事人应当采取书面形式订立相应的合同。使用期限由当事人约定，但不得超

过建设用地使用权的剩余期限。



equity contributions, or endowed, an application for alteration registration shall be filed with the

registration organ.第一百四十五条【建设用地使用权流转后变更登记】建设用地使用权转让、互换、出资或者赠

与的，应当向登记机构申请变更登记。



equity contributions or endowed, the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities on the land

shall be disposed of concurrently.第一百四十六条【建筑物等设施随建设用地使用权的流转而一并处分】建设用地使用权转让、

互换、出资或者赠与的，附着于该土地上的建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施一并处分。


Article 147 In case the buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities are transferred,

exchanged, used as equity contributions or endowed, the right to use land for construction

occupied by the aforesaid buildings, fixtures and their affiliated facilities shall be disposed of

concurrently.第一百四十七条【建设用地使用权随建筑物等设施的流转而一并处分】建筑物、构筑物及其附

37

属设施转让、互换、出资或者赠与的，该建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施占用范围内的建设用地使

用权一并处分。


Article 148 Before the term of the right to use land for construction expires, if the land needs to

be taken back in advance due to public interests, compensations shall be given to the houses

and other real properties on the land according to Article 42 of this Law, and corresponding

land transfer fees shall be refunded.第一百四十八条【建设用地使用权提前收回及其补偿】建设用地使用权期间届满前，因公共利

益需要提前收回该土地的，应当依照本法第四十二条的规定对该土地上的房屋及其他不动产给予

补偿，并退还相应的出让金。


Article 149 The term of the right to use land for construction for dwelling houses shall be

automatically renewed upon expiration.

The term of the right to use land for construction not for dwelling houses shall be renewed

according to legal provisions. Where there are stipulations about the ownership of houses and

other real properties on the aforesaid land, such stipulations shall prevail; if there is no such

stipulation or the stipulations are not explicit, the ownership shall be determined according to

the provisions in the laws and administrative regulations.第一百四十九条【建设用地使用权续期及土地上的房屋及其他不动产归属】住宅建设用地使用

权期间届满的，自动续期。

非住宅建设用地使用权期间届满后的续期，依照法律规定办理。该土地上的房屋及其他不动产

的归属，有约定的，按照约定；没有约定或者约定不明确的，依照法律、行政法规的规定办理。

（相关资料: 地方法规2篇条文释义相关论文7篇）

Article 150 In case the right to use land for construction is eliminated, the transferor shall go

through deregistration procedures in a timely manner, and the registration organ shall take

back the certificate on the right to use land for construction.第一百五十条【建设用地使用权注销登记】建设用地使用权消灭的，出让人应当及时办理注销

登记。登记机构应当收回建设用地使用权证书。


Article 151 In case a piece of collectively-owned land is used as land for construction, it shall

be handled according to the law on land administration and other relevant laws.第一百五十一条【集体所有的土地作为建设用地的规定】集体所有的土地作为建设用地的，应

当依照土地管理法等法律规定办理。


Chapter XIII Right to Use House Sites (or Right to Use Lands for Building Houses)第十三章宅基地使用权

Article 152 The holder of the right to use house sites shall be entitled to possess and use

collectively-owned land, and to make use of the land for constructing residential houses and

their affiliated facilities.第一百五十二条【宅基地使用权的权利内容】宅基地使用权人依法对集体所有的土地享有占有

38

和使用的权利，有权依法利用该土地建造住宅及其附属设施。


Article 153 The acquisition, exercise and transfer of the right to use house sites shall be

governed by the law on land administration, other relevant laws and the relevant provisions of

the state.第一百五十三条【宅基地使用权的取得、行使和转让适用法律的衔接性】宅基地使用权的取得、

行使和转让，适用土地管理法等法律和国家有关规定。


Article 154 In case a house site is eliminated due to any natural disaster, etc., the right to use

house site shall be eliminated. A villager without a house site shall be allotted a house site

again.第一百五十四条【宅基地灭失后重新分配】宅基地因自然灾害等原因灭失的，宅基地使用权消

灭。对失去宅基地的村民，应当重新分配宅基地。


Article 155 In case the registered right to use house sites is transferred or eliminated, the

alteration or cancellation registration shall be made in a timely manner.第一百五十五条【宅基地使用权的变更登记和注销登记】已经登记的宅基地使用权转让或者消

灭的，应当及时办理变更登记或者注销登记。


Chapter XIV Easement Rights第十四章地役权

Article 156 An easement holder shall be entitled to make use of the real property of someone

else according to the contract so as to increase the efficiency of his own real property.

The expression of “real property of someone else” as mentioned in the preceding Paragraph

shall be the servient tenement, and the expression of “one’s own real property” shall be the

dominant tenement.第一百五十六条【地役权】地役权人有权按照合同约定，利用他人的不动产，以提高自己的不

动产的效益。

前款所称他人的不动产为供役地，自己的不动产为需役地。


Article 157 For the creation of an easement, the parties concerned shall conclude an easement

contract in written form.

An easement contract shall generally include the following clauses:

(1) Name and domicile of the parties concerned;

(2) Locations of servient tenement and dominant tenement;

(3) Purposes and methods of utilization;

(4) Term of utilization;

(5) Fees and payment method; and

(6) Dispute resolution method.第一百五十七条【设立地役权】设立地役权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立地役权合同。

地役权合同一般包括下列条款：

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（一）当事人的姓名或者名称和住所；

（二）供役地和需役地的位置；

（三）利用目的和方法；

（四）利用期限；

（五）费用及其支付方式；

（六）解决争议的方法。


Article 158 The easement shall be established as of the effectiveness of an easement contract.

In case the parties concerned think it necessary to have it registered, they can apply for

easement registration with the registration organ; otherwise, they shall not challenge any bona

fide third party.第一百五十八条【地役权效力】地役权自地役权合同生效时设立。当事人要求登记的，可以向

登记机构申请地役权登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。


Article 159 The holder of servient tenement shall permit an easement holder to make use of

his/its land according to the contract, and shall not hamper the latter’s exercise of the right.第一百五十九条【供役地权利人义务】供役地权利人应当按照合同约定，允许地役权人利用其

土地，不得妨害地役权人行使权利。


Article 160 An easement holder shall make use of the servient tenement according to the

purposes and methods as stipulated in the contract, and try to reduce the real right restrictions

on the holder of the servient tenement.第一百六十条【地役权人权利义务】地役权人应当按照合同约定的利用目的和方法利用供役地，

尽量减少对供役地权利人物权的限制。

（相关资料: 条文释义）

Article 161 The term of easement shall be stipulated by the parties concerned, however, it can

not exceed the remnant term of the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use

land for construction or any other usufructuary right.第一百六十一条【地役权期限】地役权的期限由当事人约定，但不得超过土地承包经营权、建

设用地使用权等用益物权的剩余期限。


Article 162 In case a land owner enjoys or assumes the easement, when the right to the

contracted management of land or the right to use house site is established, the holder of the

right to the contracted management of land or the right to use house site may continue enjoying

or assuming the established easement.第一百六十二条【在享有和负担地役权的土地上设立承包经营权、宅基地使用权】土地所有权

人享有地役权或者负担地役权的，设立土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权时，该土地承包经营权人、

宅基地使用权人继续享有或者负担已设立的地役权。


Article 163 In case the right to the contracted management of land, the right to use house site

or any other usufructuary right on the land has already been created, the land owner shall not

40

establish any easement without consent of the aforesaid usufructuary right holder.第一百六十三条【在已设立用益物权的土地上设立地役权】土地上已设立土地承包经营权、建

设用地使用权、宅基地使用权等权利的，未经用益物权人同意，土地所有权人不得设立地役权。


Article 164 The easement shall not be transferred alone. In case the right to the contracted

management of land, the right to use land for construction, the right to use house site or any

other usufructuary right is transferred, the easement shall be transferred concurrently, unless it

is otherwise stipulated by the contract.第一百六十四条【地役权不得与需役地分离而单独转让】地役权不得单独转让。土地承包经营

权、建设用地使用权等转让的，地役权一并转让，但合同另有约定的除外。


Article 165 The easement shall not be mortgaged by itself. In case the right to the contracted

management of land or the right to use land for construction, etc. is mortgaged, the easement

shall be transferred concurrently when the mortgage is realized.第一百六十五条【地役权不得单独抵押】地役权不得单独抵押。土地承包经营权、建设用地使

用权等抵押的，在实现抵押权时，地役权一并转让。


Article 166 When the dominant tenement as well as the right to the contracted management of

land, the right to use land for construction or the right to use house site thereon is partially

transferred, and if the easement is involved in the transferred part, the transferee shall enjoy

the easement at the same time.第一百六十六条【需役地上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让】需役地以及需役地

上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让时，转让部分涉及地役权的，受让人同时享有地

役权。


Article 167 When the servient tenement and the right to the contracted management of land,

the right to use land for construction or the right to use house site thereon is partially

transferred, and if the easement is involved in the part as transferred, the easement shall be

binding on the transferee.第一百六十七条【供役地上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让】供役地以及供役地

上的土地承包经营权、建设用地使用权部分转让时，转让部分涉及地役权的，地役权对受让人具

有约束力。


Article 168 In case an easement holder is under any of the following circumstances, the holder

of the servient tenement shall be entitled to rescind the easement relationship, and the

easement shall be eliminated:

(1) Violating the legal provisions or the contract, or abusively using the easement; or

(2) Failing to pay fees for the paid use of servient tenement after being urged to do so within a

reasonable period for two times upon expiration of the stipulated time limit for payment.第一百六十八条【地役权消灭】地役权人有下列情形之一的，供役地权利人有权解除地役权合

同，地役权消灭：

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（一）违反法律规定或者合同约定，滥用地役权；

（二）有偿利用供役地，约定的付款期间届满后在合理期限内经两次催告未支付费用。


Article 169 The alteration or cancellation registration shall be timely executed for the alteration,

transfer or elimination of the registered easement.第一百六十九条【地役权变动后的登记】已经登记的地役权变更、转让或者消灭的，应当及时

办理变更登记或者注销登记。


Part Four Real Rights for Security (Secured Property Rights)第四编担保物权

Chapter XV General Provisions第十五章一般规定

Article 170 The holder of real rights for security shall enjoy priority to receive payments from the

property for security in case the obligor fails to pay its due debts or the circumstance for the

realization of real rights for security as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, unless it is

otherwise prescribed by any law.第一百七十条【担保物权的含义】担保物权人在债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的

实现担保物权的情形，依法享有就担保财产优先受偿的权利，但法律另有规定的除外。


Article 171 An obligee (creditor) may, in such civil activities as loans or sales, establish the real

rights for security according to this Law or any other law where the security is required for

safeguarding the realization of its/his credits.

To provide security to the obligee for an obligor (debtor), a third party may require the obligor

to provide countersecurity. The countersecurity shall be governed by this Law and other

relevant laws.第一百七十一条【担保物权适用范围及反担保】债权人在借贷、买卖等民事活动中，为保障实

现其债权，需要担保的，可以依照本法和其他法律的规定设立担保物权。

第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保的，可以要求债务人提供反担保。反担保适用本法和其他法

律的规定。


Article 172 For the creation of real rights for security, a security contract shall be concluded

according to this Law and other relevant laws. A security contract shall be subordinated to the

principal contract. When the principal contract is nullified, the security contract shall be

invalidated, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law.

After a security contract is nullified upon confirmation, the obligor, the security provider and

the obligee that has faults shall assume relevant civil liabilities in light of their respective faults.第一百七十二条【担保合同从属性以及担保合同无效后的法律责任】设立担保物权，应当依照

本法和其他法律的规定订立担保合同。担保合同是主债权债务合同的从合同。主债权债务合同无

效，担保合同无效，但法律另有规定的除外。

担保合同被确认无效后，债务人、担保人、债权人有过错的，应当根据其过错各自承担相应的

民事责任。

42


Article 173 The security range of the real rights for security shall include principal obligee’s

rights and their interests, default fines, damages and expenses for keeping the property for

security and for realizing the real rights for security. Where there are separate stipulations

between the parties concerned, such stipulations shall prevail.第一百七十三条【担保物权的担保范围】担保物权的担保范围包括主债权及其利息、违约金、

损害赔偿金、保管担保财产和实现担保物权的费用。当事人另有约定的，按照约定。


Article 174 In case the property for security is damaged, lost or expropriated during the term of

security, the holder of the real rights for security may seek preferred compensations from the

insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. incurred there from, or may submit such

insurance money, damages or indemnities, etc. to a competent authority if the term for

performing the obligee’s rights as secured has not expired.第一百七十四条【担保物权物上代位性】担保期间，担保财产毁损、灭失或者被征收等，担保

物权人可以就获得的保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等优先受偿。被担保债权的履行期未届满的，也

可以提存该保险金、赔偿金或者补偿金等。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇条文释义）

Article 175 Where a third party provides any security, if the obligee allows the obligor to transfer

all or part of its obligations without the written consent of the third party, the security provider

does not have to assume corresponding security liabilities.第一百七十五条【未经担保人同意允许债务人转移债务的法律后果】第三人提供担保，未经其

书面同意，债权人允许债务人转移全部或者部分债务的，担保人不再承担相应的担保责任。


Article 176 Where a secured credit involves both physical and personal security, if the obligor

fails to pay its due debts or any circumstance for realizing the property for security as stipulated

by the parties concerned occurs, the obligee shall realize the obligee’s rights according to the

stipulations; where there is no such stipulation or the stipulations are not explicit, and the

obligor provides his/its own property for the security, the obligee shall realize the obligee’s

rights firstly by the security by property; and where a third party provides the security by

property, the obligee may realize the obligee’s rights with the physical security or may require

the guarantor to assume the guaranty liability. The third party for providing the security may,

after assuming the security liability, is entitled to recourse payments against the obligor.第一百七十六条【物的担保与人的担保关系】被担保的债权既有物的担保又有人的担保的，债

务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现担保物权的情形，债权人应当按照约定实现债

权；没有约定或者约定不明确，债务人自己提供物的担保的，债权人应当先就该物的担保实现债

权；第三人提供物的担保的，债权人可以就物的担保实现债权，也可以要求保证人承担保证责任。

提供担保的第三人承担担保责任后，有权向债务人追偿。


Article 177 In any of the following circumstances, the real rights for security may be eliminated:

(1) The principal obligee’s rights are eliminated;

(2) The real rights for security have been realized;

43

(3) The obligee abandons the real rights for security; or

(4) Any other circumstance as prescribed by any law under which the real rights for security

will be eliminated.第一百七十七条【担保物权消灭原因】有下列情形之一的，担保物权消灭：

（一）主债权消灭；

（二）担保物权实现；

（三）债权人放弃担保物权；

（四）法律规定担保物权消灭的其他情形。


Article 178 In case any provision in the Security Law conflicts with this Law, the latter shall

prevail.第一百七十八条【担保法与本法效力衔接】担保法与本法的规定不一致的，适用本法。


Chapter XVI Right to Mortgage第十六章抵押权

Section 1 General Right to Mortgage第一节一般抵押权

Article 179 An obligor (debtor) or a third party may, for the security of the payment of debts,

mortgage his properties to the obligee (creditor) without transferring the possession of such

properties, and when the obligor fails to pay due debts or any circumstance for realizing the

mortgage right as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, the obligee shall be entitled to

seek preferred payments from such properties.

The ’obligor’ or ’third party’ as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be the mortgagor,

the ’obligee’ shall be the mortgagee, and the ’properties for security’ shall be the properties

under mortgage.第一百七十九条【抵押权基本权利】为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人不转移财产的占有，

将该财产抵押给债权人的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债

权人有权就该财产优先受偿。

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人，债权人为抵押权人，提供担保的财产为抵押财产。


Article 180 The following properties to which the obligor or the third party has the right to

dispose of may be used for mortgage:

(1) Buildings and other fixed objects on the ground;

(2) The right to use land for construction;

(3) The right to contracted management of barren land, etc. as obtained by means of bid

invitation, auction and public consultation, etc.;

(4) Manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and products;

(5) Buildings, vessels and aircraft that are under construction;

(6) Means of communications and transportation;

(7) The properties other than those that shall not be mortgaged according to any law or

administrative regulation.

A mortgagor may mortgage all the properties listed in the previous paragraph together.

44

第一百八十条【抵押财产范围】债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列财产可以抵押：

（一）建筑物和其他土地附着物；

（二）建设用地使用权；

（三）以招标、拍卖、公开协商等方式取得的荒地等土地承包经营权；

（四）生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品；

（五）正在建造的建筑物、船舶、航空器；

（六）交通运输工具；

（七）法律、行政法规未禁止抵押的其他财产。

抵押人可以将前款所列财产一并抵押。


Article 181 Upon the written agreement between the parties concerned, an enterprise,

individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural production operator may

mortgage the manufacturing facilities, raw materials, semi-manufactured goods and products it

has already owned or is going to own, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any

circumstance for realizing the right to mortgage as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs,

the obligee shall be entitled to seek preferred payments from the movable properties that exist

when the parties concerned stipulate to realize the right to mortgage.第一百八十一条【浮动抵押】经当事人书面协议，企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者可以将

现有的以及将有的生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品抵押，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事

人约定的实现抵押权的情形，债权人有权就实现抵押权时的动产优先受偿。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇条文释义相关论文15篇）

Article 182 In case a building is mortgaged, the right to use land for construction occupied by

this building shall be mortgaged together. In case the right to use land for construction is

mortgaged, all the buildings on this land shall be mortgaged together.

In case a mortgagor fails to mortgage the properties according to the preceding paragraph,

the properties that have not been mortgaged shall be regarded as having been mortgaged

together.第一百八十二条【房地产抵押关系】以建筑物抵押的，该建筑物占用范围内的建设用地使用权

一并抵押。以建设用地使用权抵押的，该土地上的建筑物一并抵押。

抵押人未依照前款规定一并抵押的，未抵押的财产视为一并抵押。


Article 183 The right to use land for construction of a township or village enterprise shall not be

mortgaged by itself. In case the plant of a township and village enterprise is mortgaged, the

right to use land for construction occupied by this plant shall be mortgaged together.第一百八十三条【乡镇、村企业的建筑物和建设用地使用权抵押】乡镇、村企业的建设用地使

用权不得单独抵押。以乡镇、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的，其占用范围内的建设用地使用权一

并抵押。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇条文释义相关论文5篇）

Article 184 None of the following properties may be mortgaged:

(1) Land ownership;

(2) The right to use cultivated land, house sites, land set aside for farmers to cultivate for their

private use, hilly land allotted for private use and other collectively-owned land, unless it is

otherwise prescribed by any law;

45

(3) Educational, medical, healthy and other public welfare facilities of schools, kindergartens,

hospitals and other institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public;

(4) Properties whose ownership or use rights are unclear or controversial;

(5) Properties that are legally confiscated, seized or controlled; or

(6) Other properties that cannot be mortgaged according to any law or administrative

regulation.第一百八十四条【禁止抵押】下列财产不得抵押：

（一）土地所有权；

（二）耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有的土地使用权，但法律规定可以抵押的除外；

（三）学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施

和其他社会公益设施；

（四）所有权、使用权不明或者有争议的财产；

（五）依法被查封、扣押、监管的财产；

（六）法律、行政法规规定不得抵押的其他财产。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规2篇裁判文书5篇条文释义相关论文13篇）

Article 185 To create a right to mortgage, the parties concerned shall conclude a mortgage

contract in written form.

A mortgage contract shall generally include the following clauses:

(1) The variety and amount of the obligee’s rights as secured;

(2) The time limit for the obligor to pay debts;

(3) The name, amount, quality, condition, location, attribution of ownership or use right of the

property under mortgage; and

(4) The range of security.第一百八十五条【设立抵押权】设立抵押权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立抵押合同。

抵押合同一般包括下列条款：

（一）被担保债权的种类和数额；

（二）债务人履行债务的期限；

（三）抵押财产的名称、数量、质量、状况、所在地、所有权归属或者使用权归属；

（四）担保的范围。


Article 186 Before the time limit for paying debts expires, a mortgagee shall not stipulate with

the mortgagor that the ownership of the property under mortgage will be transferred to the

obligee when the obligor fails to pay its due debts.第一百八十六条【禁止流押】抵押权人在债务履行期届满前，不得与抵押人约定债务人不履行

到期债务时抵押财产归债权人所有。


Article 187 As for the mortgage of a property as prescribed in Item (1), (2) or (3) of Paragraph 1

of Article 180 of this Law or a building under construction as prescribed in Item (5), mortgage

registration shall be made. The right to mortgage shall be established as of the date of

registration.第一百八十七条【不动产抵押登记】以本法第一百八十条第一款第一项至第三项规定的财产或

者第五项规定的正在建造的建筑物抵押的，应当办理抵押登记。抵押权自登记时设立。


46

Article 188 As for the mortgage of a property as prescribed in Item (4) or (6) of Paragraph 1 of

Article 180 of this Law or a vessel or aircraft under construction as prescribed in Item (5), the

right to mortgage shall come into effect as of the effectiveness of the mortgage contract;

without the registration, the right to mortgage shall not challenge any bone fide third party.第一百八十八条【动产抵押效力】以本法第一百八十条第一款第四项、第六项规定的财产或者

第五项规定的正在建造的船舶、航空器抵押的，抵押权自抵押合同生效时设立；未经登记，不得

对抗善意第三人。


Article 189 In case an enterprise, individual industrial and commercial household or agricultural

production operator mortgages any of the movable properties prescribed in Article 181 of this

Law, it shall file registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce at

the place where the mortgagor resides. The right to mortgage shall come into effect as of the

effectiveness of the mortgage contract; without the registration, the right to mortgage shall not

challenge any bone fide third party.

The registration of the mortgage prescribed in Article 181 of this Law shall not challenge the

buyer which has paid a reasonable price in normal business operations and has obtained the

property under mortgage.第一百八十九条【动产浮动抵押登记】企业、个体工商户、农业生产经营者以本法第一百八十

一条规定的动产抵押的，应当向抵押人住所地的工商行政管理部门办理登记。抵押权自抵押合同

生效时设立；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。

依照本法第一百八十一条规定抵押的，不得对抗正常经营活动中已支付合理价款并取得抵押财

产的买受人。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规2篇条文释义相关论文15篇）

Article 190 In case the property under mortgage has been leased before the conclusion of the

mortgage contract, the original leasehold relations shall not be affected by the right to

mortgage. In case the property under mortgage is leased after the right to mortgage has been

established, the leasehold relation shall be affected by the registered right to mortgage.第一百九十条【抵押权和租赁权关系】订立抵押合同前抵押财产已出租的，原租赁关系不受该

抵押权的影响。抵押权设立后抵押财产出租的，该租赁关系不得对抗已登记的抵押权。


Article 191 In case a mortgagor transfers the property under mortgage during the mortgage

term upon consent of the mortgagee, the mortgagor shall pay off its debts to the mortgagee

with the money incurred from the transfer in advance or submit the said money to a competent

authority for keeping. The value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall belong to the mortgagor,

and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.

A mortgagor shall not transfer the property under mortgage during the mortgage term without

the mortgagee’s consent, unless the transferee pays off the debts on its behalf so as to

eliminate the right to mortgage.第一百九十一条【抵押期间转让抵押财产】抵押期间，抵押人经抵押权人同意转让抵押财产的，

应当将转让所得的价款向抵押权人提前清偿债务或者提存。转让的价款超过债权数额的部分归抵

押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。

抵押期间，抵押人未经抵押权人同意，不得转让抵押财产，但受让人代为清偿债务消灭抵押权

的除外。

47


Article 192 The right to mortgage shall not be separated from the obligee’s rights or be

transferred alone, or be used as a security for other obligee’s rights. When the obligee’s rights

are transferred, the right to mortgage for the said obligee’s rights shall be transferred together,

unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law or is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned.第一百九十二条【抵押权转让或者作为其他债权担保】抵押权不得与债权分离而单独转让或者

作为其他债权的担保。债权转让的，担保该债权的抵押权一并转让，但法律另有规定或者当事人

另有约定的除外。


Article 193 In case any act of the mortgagor may sufficiently result in lowering the value of the

property under mortgage, the mortgagee shall be entitled to request the mortgagor to stop such

act. In case the value of the property under mortgage has been affected, the mortgagee shall

be entitled to request the mortgagor to restore the value of the property under mortgage, or

provide a security equal to the decreased value. In case the mortgagor neither restores the

value of the property under mortgage nor provides any security, the mortgagee shall be entitled

to request the mortgagee to pay off the debts in advance.第一百九十三条【抵押财产毁损或者价值减少时的处理】抵押人的行为足以使抵押财产价值减

少的，抵押权人有权要求抵押人停止其行为。抵押财产价值减少的，抵押权人有权要求恢复抵押

财产的价值，或者提供与减少的价值相应的担保。抵押人不恢复抵押财产的价值也不提供担保的，

抵押权人有权要求债务人提前清偿债务。


Article 194 A mortgagee may waive the right to mortgage or the sequence of the right to

mortgage. A mortgagee and a mortgagor may change the sequence of the right of mortgage or

the amount of obligee’s rights as secured, etc., through negotiations, however, the change of

the right to mortgage without the written consent of other mortgagees shall not produce

unfavorable influences on any other mortgagee.

In case an obligor establishes the mortgage by his own properties, and the mortgagee waives

the right to mortgage or the sequence of the right to mortgage or changes the right to

mortgage, other security providers shall be exempted from the security liability within the scope

for which the said mortgagee has lost the right to seek preferred payments, unless any of other

security providers promises to provide the same security.第一百九十四条【抵押权人放弃抵押权、抵押权的顺位及变更】抵押权人可以放弃抵押权或者

抵押权的顺位。抵押权人与抵押人可以协议变更抵押权顺位以及被担保的债权数额等内容，但抵

押权的变更，未经其他抵押权人书面同意，不得对其他抵押权人产生不利影响。

债务人以自己的财产设定抵押，抵押权人放弃该抵押权、抵押权顺位或者变更抵押权的，其他

担保人在抵押权人丧失优先受偿权益的范围内免除担保责任，但其他担保人承诺仍然提供担保的

除外。


Article 195 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance for realizing the

right to mortgage as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, the mortgagee may, by

concluding an agreement with the mortgagor, convert the property under mortgage into money

or seek preferred payments from the money incurred from the auction or sale of the property

under mortgage. In case the said agreement has damaged the interests of any other obligee,

48

the obligee may request the people’s court to cancel this agreement within one year after he/it

has known or should know the cause for cancellation.

In case the mortgagee and the mortgagor fail to conclude an agreement on the means of

realizing the right to mortgage, the mortgagee may request the people’s court to auction or sell

off the property under mortgage.

The property under mortgage shall be converted into cash or be sold off by referring to its

marker price.第一百九十五条【抵押权实现的条件、方式和程序】债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约

定的实现抵押权的情形，抵押权人可以与抵押人协议以抵押财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押财

产所得的价款优先受偿。协议损害其他债权人利益的，其他债权人可以在知道或者应当知道撤销

事由之日起一年内请求人民法院撤销该协议。

抵押权人与抵押人未就抵押权实现方式达成协议的，抵押权人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖抵

押财产。

抵押财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。


Article 196 With respect to the mortgage established according to Article 181 of this Law, the

property under mortgage shall be determined when any of the following circumstances occurs:

(1) The obligee’s rights have not been fulfilled upon expiration of the time limit for paying

debts;

(2) The mortgagor has been declared bankrupt or has been dissolved;

(3) Any circumstance for realizing the right to mortgage as stipulated by the parties concerned

occurs; or

(4) Any other circumstance that will seriously affect the realization of obligee’s rights.第一百九十六条【抵押财产确定】依照本法第一百八十一条规定设定抵押的，抵押财产自下列

情形之一发生时确定：

（一）债务履行期届满，债权未实现；

（二）抵押人被宣告破产或者被撤销；

（三）当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形；

（四）严重影响债权实现的其他情形。


Article 197 When the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance for realizing the

right to mortgage as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, and the property under

mortgage is thus seized by the people’s court according to law, the mortgagee may, as of the

date of seizure, be entitled to collect natural or statutory derivatives of the property under

mortgage, unless the mortgagee has failed to notify the obligor to pay off statutory fruits.

The “derivatives” as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be used for paying the

expenses for the collection of fruits in the first place.第一百九十七条【抵押财产孳息】债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的

情形，致使抵押财产被人民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押权人有权收取该抵押财产的天然

孳息或者法定孳息，但抵押权人未通知应当清偿法定孳息的义务人的除外。

前款规定的孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。


Article 198 After the property under mortgage has been converted into money, auctioned or

sold off, the value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall belong to the mortgagor, and the gap

49

shall be paid off by the obligor.第一百九十八条【抵押财产变现后的处理】抵押财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权

数额的部分归抵押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。


Article 199 If a same property is mortgaged to two or more obligees simultaneously, the money

incurred from the auction or sale of the property under mortgage shall be used as payments in

light of the following prescriptions:

(1) If all the rights to mortgage have been registered, the payments shall be made in light of

the sequence of registration; and if the sequence of registration is the same, the payments

shall be made in light of the proportion of obligee’s rights;

(2) The right to mortgage that has been registered shall be cleared off prior to the one that has

not been registered; and

(3) If no right to mortgage has been registered, the payments shall be made in light of the

proportion of obligee’s rights.第一百九十九条【抵押权清偿顺序】同一财产向两个以上债权人抵押的，拍卖、变卖抵押财产

所得的价款依照下列规定清偿：

（一）抵押权已登记的，按照登记的先后顺序清偿；顺序相同的，按照债权比例清偿；

（二）抵押权已登记的先于未登记的受偿；

（三）抵押权未登记的，按照债权比例清偿。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇条文释义相关论文9篇）

Article 200 After the right to use land for construction is mortgaged, the newly-constructed

buildings on the land shall not belong to the properties under mortgage. When the aforesaid

right to use land for construction needs to be disposed of for the realization of the right to

mortgage, the newly-constructed buildings on the land can be disposed of together, however,

the mortgagee shall not be entitled to seek preferred payments from the money incurred from

the disposal of these newly-constructed buildings.第二百条【以建设用地使用权抵押的特别规定】建设用地使用权抵押后，该土地上新增的建筑

物不属于抵押财产。该建设用地使用权实现抵押权时，应当将该土地上新增的建筑物与建设用地

使用权一并处分，但新增建筑物所得的价款，抵押权人无权优先受偿。


Article 201 In case the right to the contracted management of land prescribed in Item (3) of

Paragraph 1 of Article 180 of this Law is mortgaged, or the right to use land for construction

occupied by the plant or any other building of a township or village enterprise is mortgaged

according to Article 183 of this Law, after the right to mortgage is realized, no nature of land

ownership or land use may be changed without completing the statutory procedures.第二百零一条【抵押权实现的特别规定】依照本法第一百八十条第一款第三项规定的土地承包

经营权抵押的，或者依照本法第一百八十三条规定以乡镇、村企业的厂房等建筑物占用范围内的

建设用地使用权一并抵押的，实现抵押权后，未经法定程序，不得改变土地所有权的性质和土地

用途。


Article 202 A mortgagee shall exercise the right to mortgage within the limitation of action for

the principal obligee’s rights, otherwise, such right to mortgage will not be protected by the

people’s court.

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第二百零二条【抵押权存续期间】抵押权人应当在主债权诉讼时效期间行使抵押权；未行使的，

人民法院不予保护。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇案例1篇裁判文书7篇条文释义相关论文7篇）

Section 1 Right to Mortgage at Maximum Amount第二节最高额抵押权

Article 203 An obligor or third party may, for the security of payment of debts, provide security

of mortgage to the obligee for the obligee’s rights that will continuously occur within a certain

term, and when the obligor fails to pay its/his due debts or any circumstance for realizing the

right to mortgage as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, the mortgagee shall be entitled

to seek preferred payments from the security properties within the maximum amount of

obligee’s rights.

The obligee’s rights that have existed before the right to mortgage at maximum amount is

established may be incorporated into the scope of obligee’s rights under the security by

mortgage at maximum amount.第二百零三条【最高额抵押的概念】为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人对一定期间内将要

连续发生的债权提供担保财产的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情

形，抵押权人有权在最高债权额限度内就该担保财产优先受偿。

最高额抵押权设立前已经存在的债权，经当事人同意，可以转入最高额抵押担保的债权范围。


Article 204 In case part of obligee’s rights are transferred before the security by mortgage at

maximum amount is established, the right to mortgage at maximum amount shall not be

transferred, unless it is otherwise stipulated by the parties concerned.第二百零四条【最高额抵押所担保的主债权以及最高额抵押权转让】最高额抵押担保的债权确

定前，部分债权转让的，最高额抵押权不得转让，但当事人另有约定的除外。


Article 205 Before the obligee’s rights under the security by mortgage at maximum amount are

determined, the mortgagee and the mortgagor may change the term for determining the

obligee’s rights, the scope of obligee’s rights or the maximum amount of obligee’s rights by

agreement, however, such change shall not produce any unfavorable influence on any other

mortgagee.第二百零五条【抵押权人与抵押人协议变更最高额抵押的有关内容】最高额抵押担保的债权确

定前，抵押权人与抵押人可以通过协议变更债权确定的期间、债权范围以及最高债权额，但变更

的内容不得对其他抵押权人产生不利影响。


Article 206 If any of the following circumstances occurs, the mortgagee’s obligee’s rights shall

be determined:

(1) The term for determining the obligee’s rights as stipulated expires;

(2) There is no stipulation about the term for determining the obligee’s rights or the relevant

stipulations are unclear, and the mortgagee or the mortgagor requests to determine the

obligee’s rights after two years as of the date for establishing the right to mortgage at maximum

amount;

(3) No new obligee’s right may occur;

51

(4) The property under mortgage is sealed up or seized;

(5) The obligor or the mortgagor is announced as bankrupt or is revoked; or

(6) Any other circumstance for determining the obligee’s rights as prescribed by any other law

occurs.第二百零六条【最高额抵押权所担保债权确定事由】有下列情形之一的，抵押权人的债权确定：

（一）约定的债权确定期间届满；

（二）没有约定债权确定期间或者约定不明确，抵押权人或者抵押人自最高额抵押权设立之日

起满二年后请求确定债权；

（三）新的债权不可能发生；

（四）抵押财产被查封、扣押；

（五）债务人、抵押人被宣告破产或者被撤销；

（六）法律规定债权确定的其他情形。


Article 207 The right to mortgage at maximum amount shall be applicable to the provisions on

general right to mortgage as prescribed in Section 1 of this Chapter in addition to the provisions

in this Section.第二百零七条【最高额抵押权适用一般抵押权相关条款】最高额抵押权除适用本节规定外，适

用本章第一节一般抵押权的规定。


Chapter XVII Right of Pledge第十七章质权

Section 1 Pledge of Movable Properties第一节动产质权

Article 208 An obligor or third party may, for the security of the payment of debts, pledge his

(its) movable properties to the obligee for possession, and when the obligor fails to pay due

debts or any circumstance for realizing the right of pledge as stipulated by the parties

concerned occurs, the obligee shall be entitled to seek preferred payments from the said

movable properties.

The ’debtor’ or ’third party’ as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be the pledger,

the ’obligee’ shall be the pledgee, and the ’movable properties’ as delivered shall be the

pledge.第二百零八条【动产质权基本权利】为担保债务的履行，债务人或者第三人将其动产出质给债

权人占有的，债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现质权的情形，债权人有权就该动

产优先受偿。

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为出质人，债权人为质权人，交付的动产为质押财产。


Article 209 The movable properties prohibited to be pledged by any law or administrative

regulation shall not be pledged.第二百零九条【禁止出质的动产】法律、行政法规禁止转让的动产不得出质。


52

Article 210 For the creation of the right of pledge, the parties concerned shall conclude a

contract on the right of pledge in written form.

A contract on the right of pledge shall generally include the following clauses:

(1) The variety and amount of the principal obligee’s rights;

(2) The time limit for the obligor to pay off debts;

(3) The name, amount, quality and condition of the pledge;

(4) The range of security; and

(5) The time for the transfer of pledge.第二百一十条【质权合同】设立质权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立质权合同。

质权合同一般包括下列条款：

（一）被担保债权的种类和数额；


（三）质押财产的名称、数量、质量、状况；

（四）担保的范围；

（五）质押财产交付的时间。


Article 211 Before the time limit for paying debts expires, the pledgee and the pledger shall not

stipulate that the ownership of pledge be transferred to the obligee when the obligor fails to pay

due debts.第二百一十一条【禁止流质】质权人在债务履行期届满前，不得与出质人约定债务人不履行到

期债务时质押财产归债权人所有。


Article 212 The right of pledge shall be established after the pledgee has transferred the

pledge.第二百一十二条【动产质权设立】质权自出质人交付质押财产时设立。


Article 213 A pledgee shall be entitled to obtain the derivatives of the pledge, unless it is

otherwise stipulated in the contract.

The “derivatives” as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be used for paying the

expenses for the collection of the derivatives in the first place.第二百一十三条【质权人孳息收取权】质权人有权收取质押财产的孳息，但合同另有约定的除

外。



Article 214 In case a pledgee, within the duration of the right of pledge, illegally uses or

disposes of the pledge without consent of the pledger, and thus causes damages to the

pledger, he/it shall be liable for compensations.第二百一十四条【质权人对质物使用处分的限制及法律责任】质权人在质权存续期间，未经出

质人同意，擅自使用、处分质押财产，给出质人造成损害的，应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 215 A pledgee shall be liable for properly keeping the pledge; and in case the pledge is

destroyed or lost due to improper keeping, the pledgee shall be liable for compensations.

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In case any act of the pledgee may make the pledge damaged or lost, the pledger may

require the pledgee to submit the pledge to a competent authority or require to the payment of

debts in advance and take back the pledge.第二百一十五条【质权人妥善保管质物义务】质权人负有妥善保管质押财产的义务；因保管不

善致使质押财产毁损、灭失的，应当承担赔偿责任。

质权人的行为可能使质押财产毁损、灭失的，出质人可以要求质权人将质押财产提存，或者要

求提前清偿债务并返还质押财产。


Article 216 In case any cause not attributable to the fault of the pledgee may result in the

destruction of the pledge or an evident decrease of the value of the pledge, and which is

sufficient to damage the rights of the pledgee, the pledgee shall be entitled to request the

pledger to provide corresponding security. In case the pledger refuses to do so, the pledgee

may auction or sell off the pledge, and may, by concluding an agreement with the pledger, seek

preferred payments for the obligee’s rights in advance with the money incurred from the

auction or sell-off of the pledge, or submit the said money to a competent authority.第二百一十六条【质物保全】因不能归责于质权人的事由可能使质押财产毁损或者价值明显减

少，足以危害质权人权利的，质权人有权要求出质人提供相应的担保；出质人不提供的，质权人

可以拍卖、变卖质押财产，并与出质人通过协议将拍卖、变卖所得的价款提前清偿债务或者提存。


Article 217 In case a pledgee transfers the pledge within the duration of the right of pledge

without consent of the pledger, and thus causes the destroy or loss of the pledge, he shall be

liable for making compensations to the pledger.第二百一十七条【转质权】质权人在质权存续期间，未经出质人同意转质，造成质押财产毁损、

灭失的，应当向出质人承担赔偿责任。


Article 218 A pledgee may waive the right of pledge. In case an obligor establishes the right of

pledge by own properties, and the pledgee waives the right of pledge, other security providers

will be exempted from the security liability within the scope for which the pledgee has lost the

right to seek preferred payments, unless any of other security providers promises to provide

the security all the same.第二百一十八条【质权放弃及其他担保人责任承担原则】质权人可以放弃质权。债务人以自己

的财产出质，质权人放弃该质权的，其他担保人在质权人丧失优先受偿权益的范围内免除担保责

任，但其他担保人承诺仍然提供担保的除外。


Article 219 In case the obligor has paid off the debts or the pledger has fulfilled the obligee’s

rights as secured in advance, the pledgee shall return the pledge.

In case an obligor fails to pay off its due debts or any circumstance for realizing the right of

pledge as stipulated by the parties concerned occurs, the pledgee may, by concluding an

agreement with the pledger, convert the pledge into money or seek preferred payments from

the money incurred from the auction or sell-off of the pledge.

The pledge shall be converted into money or be sold off by referring to its market price.第二百一十九条【质物返还及质权实现】债务人履行债务或者出质人提前清偿所担保的债权的，

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质权人应当返还质押财产。

债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现质权的情形，质权人可以与出质人协议以质

押财产折价，也可以就拍卖、变卖质押财产所得的价款优先受偿。

质押财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。


Article 220 A pledger may require the pledgee to timely exercise the right of pledge upon

expiration of the time limit for paying debts; in case the pledgee fails to do so, the pledger may

request the people’s court to auction or sell off the pledge.

In case a pledger requires the pledgee to timely exercise the right of pledge, but the pledgee

is lazy to exercise such right and thus causes the damages, the pledgee shall be liable for

compensations.第二百二十条【及时行使质权请求权及怠于行使质权的责任】出质人可以请求质权人在债务履

行期届满后及时行使质权；质权人不行使的，出质人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖质押财产。

出质人请求质权人及时行使质权，因质权人怠于行使权利造成损害的，由质权人承担赔偿责任。


Article 221 After the pledge is converted into cash, auctioned or sold off, the value exceeding

the obligee’s rights shall belong to the mortgagor, and the gap shall be paid off by the obligor.第二百二十一条【质物变价款归属原则】质押财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数

额的部分归出质人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。


Article 222 The pledger and the pledgee may establish the right of pledge of maximum amount

through negotiations.

The right of pledge of maximum amount shall be governed by the relevant provisions

prescribed in this Section, and also be governed by the provisions on the right to mortgage at

maximum amount prescribed in Section 1 of Chapter 16 of this Law by analogy.第二百二十二条【最高额质权】出质人与质权人可以协议设立最高额质权。

最高额质权除适用本节有关规定外，参照本法第十六章第二节最高额抵押权的规定。


Section 1 Pledge of Rights第二节权利质权

Article 223 The following rights which an obligor or third party has the right to dispose of may

be pledged:

(1) Money orders, checks, and cashier’s checks;

(2) Securities and deposit receipts;

(3) Warehouse receipts and bills of lading;

(4) Transferable fund units and stock rights;

(5) Exclusive trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights or other property rights in intellectual

property that can be transferred;

(6) Account receivables; and

(7) Other property rights that can be pledged according to any law or administrative

regulation.

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第二百二十三条【可以出质的权利范围】债务人或者第三人有权处分的下列权利可以出质：

（一）汇票、支票、本票；

（二）债券、存款单；

（三）仓单、提单；

（四）可以转让的基金份额、股权；

（五）可以转让的注册商标专用权、专利权、著作权等知识产权中的财产权；

（六）应收账款；

（七）法律、行政法规规定可以出质的其他财产权利。


Article 224 As for the pledge of a money order, check, cashier’s check, securities, deposit

receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading, the parties concerned shall conclude a written

contract. The right of pledge shall be established after the title certificate of the pledge has

been transferred to the pledgee. If there is no title certificate, the right of pledge shall be

established after the relevant department has registered the pledge.第二百二十四条【以汇票等出质的质权设立】以汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提

单出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。质权自权利凭证交付质权人时设立；没有权利凭证的，质

权自有关部门办理出质登记时设立。


Article 225 If the date of redemption or delivery of the money order, check, cashier’s check,

securities, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt or bill of lading before the deadline of principal

obligee’s rights, the pledgee may make redemption or pick up the goods, and may, by

concluding an agreement with the pledger, seek preferred payments in advance with the

money redeemed or the goods picked up, or submit the said money or goods to a competent

authority for keeping.第二百二十五条【质权人行使权利的特别规定】汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提

单的兑现日期或者提货日期先于主债权到期的，质权人可以兑现或者提货，并与出质人协议将兑

现的价款或者提取的货物提前清偿债务或者提存。


Article 226 As for the pledge of fund units or stock rights, the parties concerned shall conclude

a written contract. As for the pledge of fund units or the stock rights registered in the securities

depository and clearing institution, the right of pledge shall be established after the securities

depository and clearing institution has registered the pledge. As for the pledge of other stock

rights, the right of pledge shall be established after the administrative department for industry

and commerce has registered the pledge.

After the fund units or stock rights have been pledged, they shall not be transferred, unless it

is otherwise agreed to by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations. The pledger shall

fulfill the obligee’s rights to the pledgee in advance with the money incurred from the transfer of

fund units or stock rights, or submit the aforesaid money to a competent authority for keeping.第二百二十六条【以基金份额、股权出质的权利质权设立和出质人处分基金份额、股权的限制】

以基金份额、股权出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。以基金份额、证券登记结算机构登记的股

权出质的，质权自证券登记结算机构办理出质登记时设立；以其他股权出质的，质权自工商行政

管理部门办理出质登记时设立。

基金份额、股权出质后，不得转让，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的除外。出质人转让基金份

额、股权所得的价款，应当向质权人提前清偿债务或者提存。

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Article 227 In the case of the pledge of registered trademark rights, patent rights, copyrights or

other property rights in the intellectual property, the parties concerned shall conclude a written

contract, and the right of pledge shall be established when the relevant competent authority

has registered the pledge.

After the property rights in the intellectual property have been pledged, the pledger shall not

transfer the pledge or permit anyone else to use it, unless it is otherwise agreed to between the

pledger and the pledgee after negotiations. The pledger shall use the money incurred from

transferring the pledged intellectual property or permitting anyone else to use it to fulfill the

obligee’s rights in advance, or submit the aforesaid money to a competent authority for

keeping.第二百二十七条【以知识产权中的财产权出质的权利质权设立和出质人处分知识产权的限制】

以注册商标专用权、专利权、著作权等知识产权中的财产权出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。

质权自有关主管部门办理出质登记时设立。

知识产权中的财产权出质后，出质人不得转让或者许可他人使用，但经出质人与质权人协商同

意的除外。出质人转让或者许可他人使用出质的知识产权中的财产权所得的价款，应当向质权人

提前清偿债务或者提存。


Article 228 As for the pledge of receivables, the parties concerned shall conclude a written

contract, and the right of pledge shall be established when the relevant credit rating institution

has registered the pledge.

After the receivables have been pledged, the pledger shall not transfer the pledge, unless it is

otherwise agreed on by the pledger and the pledgee upon negotiations. The pledger shall use

the money incurred form the transfer of accounts receivable to fulfill the obligee’s rights in

advance, or submit the aforesaid money to a competent authority.第二百二十八条【以应收账款出质的权利质权设立和出质人转让应收账款的限制】以应收账款

出质的，当事人应当订立书面合同。质权自信贷征信机构办理出质登记时设立。

应收账款出质后，不得转让，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的除外。出质人转让应收账款所得

的价款，应当向质权人提前清偿债务或者提存。


Article 229 The pledge of rights shall be governed by the provisions on the pledge of movable

properties prescribed in Section 1 of this Chapter in addition to the provisions prescribed in this

Section.第二百二十九条【权利质权适用动产质权的规定】权利质权除适用本节规定外，适用本章第一

节动产质权的规定。


Chapter XVIII Lien第十八章留置权

Article 230 In case an obligor (debtor) fails to pay its due debts, the obligee (creditor) may take

the lien of the obligor’s movable properties he has lawfully possessed, and be entitled to seek

preferred payments from these movable properties.

The ’obligee’ prescribed in the preceding Paragraph shall be the lienor (lien holder), and

57

the ’movable properties’ as occupied shall be the property under lien.第二百三十条【留置权的一般规定】债务人不履行到期债务，债权人可以留置已经合法占有的

债务人的动产，并有权就该动产优先受偿。

前款规定的债权人为留置权人，占有的动产为留置财产。


Article 231 The movable properties taken as lien by the obligee shall fall into a same legal

relationship with the obligee’s rights, except for the lien between the enterprises.第二百三十一条【留置财产与债权的关系】债权人留置的动产，应当与债权属于同一法律关系，

但企业之间留置的除外。


Article 232 No lien may be taken if any law prohibits to do so or the parties concerned stipulate

not to do so.第二百三十二条【留置权适用范围的限制性】法律规定或者当事人约定不得留置的动产，不得

留置。


Article 233 In case a property under lien is a divisible object, the value of the property under

lien shall be equal to the amount of debts.第二百三十三条【可分物作为留置财产的特殊规定】留置财产为可分物的，留置财产的价值应

当相当于债务的金额。


Article 234 A lienor shall be obliged to properly keep the property under lien, and shall be liable

for compensations if the property under lien is damaged or lost due to improper keeping.第二百三十四条【留置权人保管义务】留置权人负有妥善保管留置财产的义务；因保管不善致

使留置财产毁损、灭失的，应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 235 A lienor shall be entitled to obtain the fruits of the property under lien.

The ’fruits’ prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be used for paying off the expenses

for the collection of the fruits in the first place.第二百三十五条【留置权人收取孳息的权利】留置权人有权收取留置财产的孳息。



Article 236 A lienor shall stipulate the term for fulfilling the obligee’s rights with the obligor after

the property is taken as lien; and in case there is no such stipulation or such stipulations are

unclear, the lienor shall give two months or more to the obligor for him (it) to fulfill the obligee’s

rights, except for fresh goods, perishable goods or those movable properties that are not easy

to be kept. In case the obligor fails to fulfill the obligee’s rights within the time limit, the lienor

may, by concluding an agreement with the obligor, convert the property under lien into money,

or seek preferred payments from the money incurred from the auction or sell-off the property

under lien.

The property under lien shall be converted into money or sold off by referring to its market

price.

58

第二百三十六条【实现留置权的一般规定】留置权人与债务人应当约定留置财产后的债务履行

期间；没有约定或者约定不明确的，留置权人应当给债务人两个月以上履行债务的期间，但鲜活

易腐等不易保管的动产除外。债务人逾期未履行的，留置权人可以与债务人协议以留置财产折价，

也可以就拍卖、变卖留置财产所得的价款优先受偿。

留置财产折价或者变卖的，应当参照市场价格。


Article 237 An obligor may request the lienor to exercise the lien upon expiration of the time

limit for fulfilling the obligee’s rights; and in case the lienor fails to do so, the obligor may

request the people’s court to auction or sell off the property under lien.第二百三十七条【债务人可请求留置权人行使留置权】债务人可以请求留置权人在债务履行期

届满后行使留置权；留置权人不行使的，债务人可以请求人民法院拍卖、变卖留置财产。


Article 238 After the property under lien is converted into money, auctioned or sold off, the

value exceeding the obligee’s rights shall belong to the obligor, and the gap shall be paid off by

the obligor.第二百三十八条【留置权实现】留置财产折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分

归债务人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。


Article 239 In case the right to mortgage or the right of pledge has been established on a

movable property, and this movable property is taken as lien again, the lienor shall be entitled

to seek preferred payments.第二百三十九条【留置权与抵押权或者质权的关系】同一动产上已设立抵押权或者质权，该动

产又被留置的，留置权人优先受偿。


Article 240 In case a lienor losses the possession of the property under lien or accepts other

security separately provided by the obligor, the lien shall perish.第二百四十条【留置权消灭的原因】留置权人对留置财产丧失占有或者留置权人接受债务人另

行提供担保的，留置权消灭。


Part Five Possession第五编占有

Chapter XIX Possession第十九章占有

Article 241 With respect to the possession occurred on the basis of a contractual relationship,

the use, proceedings and default liability of the relevant real property or movable property shall

be governed by the stipulations in the contract; and in case there is no such stipulation in the

contract or the stipulations are unclear, the relevant legal provisions shall be applied.第二百四十一条【有权占有法律适用】基于合同关系等产生的占有，有关不动产或者动产的使

用、收益、违约责任等，按照合同约定；合同没有约定或者约定不明确的，依照有关法律规定。


59

Article 242 In case a possessor uses the real property or movable property under his (its)

possession, and causes this real property or movable property to be damaged, a malicious

possessor shall be liable for compensations.第二百四十二条【恶意占有人应承担的赔偿责任】占有人因使用占有的不动产或者动产，致使

该不动产或者动产受到损害的，恶意占有人应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 243 In case a real property or movable property is possessed by a possessor, the holder

may request the return of original object and its fruits, but shall pay necessary expenses to the

bone fide possessor for the maintenance of this real property or movable property.第二百四十三条【无权占有人的返还义务及善意占有人的必要费用返还请求权】不动产或者动

产被占有人占有的，权利人可以请求返还原物及其孳息，但应当支付善意占有人因维护该不动产

或者动产支出的必要费用。


Article 244 In case a real property or movable property under possession is damaged or lost,

and the holder of this real property or movable property requests for compensations, the

possessor shall return the insurance money, damages or indemnities obtained from the said

destruction or loss to the holder; and in case the impairment to the holder has not been

sufficiently made up, a malicious possessor shall be liable for compensations.第二百四十四条【被占有的不动产或者动产毁损、灭失时占有人的责任】占有的不动产或者动

产毁损、灭失，该不动产或者动产的权利人请求赔偿的，占有人应当将因毁损、灭失取得的保险

金、赔偿金或者补偿金等返还给权利人；权利人的损害未得到足够弥补的，恶意占有人还应当赔

偿损失。


Article 245 In case a real property or movable property under possession is encroached on, the

possessor shall be entitled to demand the return of the original object (property); with respect

to any act that may impair the possession, the possessor shall be entitled to require the

elimination of impairment or danger; and in case any impairment is caused due to

encroachment or interference, the possessor shall be entitled to ask for damages.

The claim of a possessor for returning the original object shall be exercised within one year as

of the date of encroachment, otherwise, such claim shall perish.第二百四十五条【占有保护】占有的不动产或者动产被侵占的，占有人有权请求返还原物；对

妨害占有的行为，占有人有权请求排除妨害或者消除危险；因侵占或者妨害造成损害的，占有人

有权请求损害赔偿。

占有人返还原物的请求权，自侵占发生之日起一年内未行使的，该请求权消灭。


Supplementary Provisions附则

Article 246 Before any law or administrative regulation prescribes the scope, organ and

measures for uniform registration of real properties, a local regulation may prescribe relevant

matters according to the relevant provisions in this Law.第二百四十六条【授权地方性法规暂时规定不动产统一登记】法律、行政法规对不动产统一登

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记的范围、登记机构和登记办法作出规定前，地方性法规可以依照本法有关规定作出规定。


Article 247 This Law shall come into effect as of October 1, 2007.第二百四十七条【施行日期】本法自2007年10月1日起施行。


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窗体顶端

【TitleTitleTitleTitle】LandLandLandLand AdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministration LawLawLawLaw ofofofof thethethethe People''''sPeople''''sPeople''''sPeople''''s RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina(2004(2004(2004(2004 Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)[现行有效]【法规标题】中华人民共和国土地管理法(2004(2004(2004(2004修正))))[Effective]


EffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffectivedate:date:date:date:

01-01-1999


Standing Committee of the National

People's Congress

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Land

发布日

期：

2004-08-28

生效日

期：

1999-01-01

发布部

门：全国人大常委会

类别：土地

【本法变迁史】

中华人民共和国土地管理法[19860625]

全国人大常委会关于修改《中华人民共和国土地管理法》的决定(1988)[19881229]

中华人民共和国土地管理法(1988修正)[19881229]

中华人民共和国土地管理法(1998修订)[19980829]

全国人大常委会关于修改《中华人民共和国土地管理法》的决定(2004)[20040828]

中华人民共和国土地管理法(2004修正)[20040828]

Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China

(Revised and adopted at the Fourth Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National

People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on August 29, 1998, to be put into

effective as of January 1, 1999 Revised at the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the

Tenth National People’s Congress on August 28, 2004)

CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER TWO OWNERSHIP AND RIGHT OF USE OF LAND

CHAPTER THREE GENERAL PLANS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF LAND

CHAPTER FOUR PROTECTION OF CULTIVATED LAND

CHAPTER FIVE LAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES

CHAPTER SIX SUPERVISION AND EXAMINATION

CHAPTER SEVEN LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

CHAPTER EIGHT SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS中华人民共和国土地管理法

（1986年6月25日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议通过根据1988年12月29

日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国土地管理法〉的

决定》第一次修正 1998年8月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议修订根据

2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国

62

土地管理法〉的决定》第二次修正）

（相关资料: 法律11篇行政法规21篇部门规章103篇司法解释5篇其他规范性文件3篇案

例3篇裁判文书1358篇修订沿革相关论文320篇实务指南）目录

第一章总则

第二章土地的所有权和使用权

第三章土地利用总体规划

第四章耕地保护

第五章建设用地

第六章监督检查

第七章法律责任

第八章附则

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS第一章总则

Article 1 The law is formulated in compliance with the Constitutionwith a view to strengtheningthe administration of land, safeguarding the socialist public ownership of land, protecting anddeveloping land resources, ensuring a rational use of and giving a real protection to cultivatedland to promote sustainable development of the socialist economy.第一条为了加强土地管理，维护土地的社会主义公有制，保护、开发土地资源，合理利用土地，

切实保护耕地，促进社会经济的可持续发展，根据宪法，制定本法。

（相关资料: 裁判文书2篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文4篇）

Article 2 The People’s Republic of China resorts to a socialist public ownership i.e. an

ownership by the whole people and ownerships by collectives, of land.

In ownership by the whole people, the State Council is empowered to be on behalf of the

State to administer the land owned by the State. No unit or individual is allowed to occupy,

trade or illegally transfer land by other means. Land use right may be transferred by law. The

state may make expropriation or requisition on land according to law for public interests, but

shall give compensations accordingly.

The State introduces the system of compensated use of land owned by the State except the

land has been allocated for use by the State according to law.第二条中华人民共和国实行土地的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

全民所有，即国家所有土地的所有权由国务院代表国家行使。

任何单位和个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。土地使用权可以依法转让。

国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依法对土地实行征收或者征用并给予补偿。

国家依法实行国有土地有偿使用制度。但是，国家在法律规定的范围内划拨国有土地使用权的

除外。

（相关资料: 地方法规2篇裁判文书44篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文27篇实务指南）

Article 3 To cherish and give a rational use to the land as well as to give a true protection to the

cultivated land are seen as a basic principle of land use in the country. The people’s

governments at all levels should manage to make an overall plan for the use of land to strictly

administer, protect and develop land resources and stop any illegal occupation of land.

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第三条十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地是我国的基本国策。各级人民政府应当采取措

施，全面规划，严格管理，保护、开发土地资源，制止非法占用土地的行为。

（相关资料: 裁判文书2篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文5篇实务指南）

Article 4 The State is to place a strict control on the usages of land. The State shall compile

general plans to set usages of land including those of farm or construction use or unused. A

strict control is to place on the turning of land for farm use to that for construction use to control

the total amount of land for construction use and exercise a special protection on cultivated

land. "Land for farm use" refers to land directly used for agricultural production, including

cultivated land, wooded land, grassland, land for farmland water conservancy and water

surfaces for breeding; "land for construction use" refers to land on which buildings and

structures are put up, including land for urban and rural housing and public facilities, land for

industrial and mining use, land for building communications and water conservancy facilities,

land for tourism and land for building military installations. The term "land unused" refers to

land other than that for agricultural and construction uses. Land should be used strictly in line

with the purposes of land use defined in the general plan for the utilization of the land whether

by units or individuals.第四条国家实行土地用途管制制度。

国家编制土地利用总体规划，规定土地用途，将土地分为农用地、建设用地和未利用地。严格

限制农用地转为建设用地，控制建设用地总量，对耕地实行特殊保护。

前款所称农用地是指直接用于农业生产的土地，包括耕地、林地、草地、农田水利用地、养殖

水面等；建设用地是指建造建筑物、构筑物的土地，包括城乡住宅和公共设施用地、工矿用地、

交通水利设施用地、旅游用地、军事设施用地等；未利用地是指农用地和建设用地以外的土地。

使用土地的单位和个人必须严格按照土地利用总体规划确定的用途使用土地。


Article 5 The land administrative department of the State Council shall be unifiedly responsible

for the administration and supervision of land in the whole country. The setup and functions of

land administrative departments of people’s governments at and above the county level shall

be decided by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities

under the direct jurisdiction of the central government (hereinafter referred to as

"municipalities" for short) according to the relevant provisions of the State Council.第五条国务院土地行政主管部门统一负责全国土地的管理和监督工作。

县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门的设置及其职责，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根

据国务院有关规定确定。

（相关资料: 地方法规4篇裁判文书6篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文2篇）

Article 6 Units or individuals shall all be obliged to abide by the laws and regulations concerning

land administration and have the right to report or prosecute acts of violating land

administration law and regulations.第六条任何单位和个人都有遵守土地管理法律、法规的义务，并有权对违反土地管理法律、法

规的行为提出检举和控告。


Article 7 People’s governments shall award units or individuals who have made outstanding

achievements in protecting and developing land resources, rational utilization of land and in

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carrying out research in this regard.第七条在保护和开发土地资源、合理利用土地以及进行有关的科学研究等方面成绩显著的单位

和个人，由人民政府给予奖励。

（相关资料: 裁判文书3篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

CHAPTER TWO OWNERSHIP AND RIGHT OF USE OF LAND第二章土地的所有权和使用权

Article 8 Land in urban districts shall be owned by the State. Land in the rural areas and

suburban areas, except otherwise provided for by the State, shall be collectively owned by

peasants including land for building houses, land and hills allowed to be retained by peasants.第八条城市市区的土地属于国家所有。

农村和城市郊区的土地，除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外，属于农民集体所有；宅基地和自

留地、自留山，属于农民集体所有。


Article 9 Land owned by the State and land collectively owned by peasants may be allocated to

be used by units or individuals according to law. Units or individuals using land shall be

responsible for the protection, management and a rational use of the land.第九条国有土地和农民集体所有的土地，可以依法确定给单位或者个人使用。使用土地的单位

和个人，有保护、管理和合理利用土地的义务。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇裁判文书29篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文2篇实务指南）

Article 10 In lands collectively owned by peasants those have been allocated to villagers for

collective ownership according to law shall be operated and managed by village collective

economic organizations or villagers’ committee and those have allocated to two or more

peasants collective economic organizations of a village, shall be operated and managed jointly

by the collective economic organizations of the village or villagers’ groups; and those have

allocated to township (town) peasant collectives shall be operated and managed by the rural

collective economic organizations of the township (town).第十条农民集体所有的土地依法属于村农民集体所有的，由村集体经济组织或者村民委员会经

营、管理；已经分别属于村内两个以上农村集体经济组织的农民集体所有的，由村内各该农村集

体经济组织或者村民小组经营、管理；已经属于乡（镇）农民集体所有的，由乡（镇）农村集体

经济组织经营、管理。


Article 11 People’s government at the county level shall register and put on record lands

collectively owned by peasants and issue certificates to certify the ownership concerned.

People’s government at the county level shall register and put on record the use of land

collectively owned by peasants for non-agricultural construction and issue certificates to certify

the right to use the land for construction purposes. People’s government at the country level

shall register and put on record uses of land owned by the State by units or individuals and

issue certificates to certify the right of use. The State Council shall designate specific units to

register and put on record State-owned land used by central government organs. Certifications

of ownership or use right of wooded land and grassland and the uses or of water surface and

beach land for breeding purpose shall be managed according to related provisions of the"Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China", the "Grassland Law of the People’s Republic

65

of China" and the "Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China".第十一条农民集体所有的土地，由县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认所有权。

农民集体所有的土地依法用于非农业建设的，由县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认建设

用地使用权。

单位和个人依法使用的国有土地，由县级以上人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认使用权；其

中，中央国家机关使用的国有土地的具体登记发证机关，由国务院确定。

确认林地、草原的所有权或者使用权，确认水面、滩涂的养殖使用权，分别依照《中华人民共

和国森林法》、《中华人民共和国草原法》和《中华人民共和国渔业法》的有关规定办理。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规8篇裁判文书114篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文5篇实务指南）

Article 12 Changes of owners and usages of land, should go through the land alteration

registration procedures.第十二条依法改变土地权属和用途的，应当办理土地变更登记手续。


Article 13 The ownership and use right of land registered according to law shall be protected by

law and no unit or individual is eligible to infringe upon it.第十三条依法登记的土地的所有权和使用权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。


Article 14 Land collectively owned by peasant shall be contracted out to members of the

collective economic organizations for use in crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry and

fisheries production under a term of 30 years. The contractees should sign a contract with the

correspondents contractor to define each other’s rights and obligations. Peasants who have

contracted land for operation are obliged to use the land rationally according to the purposes

agreed upon in the contracts. The right of operation of land contracted by peasants shall be

protected by law. Within the validity term of a contract, the adjustment of land contracted by

individual contractors should get the consent from over two-thirds majority vote of the villagers’

congress or over two-thirds of villagers’ representatives and then be submitted to land

administrative departments of the township (town) people’s government and county level

people’s government for approval.第十四条农民集体所有的土地由本集体经济组织的成员承包经营，从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、

渔业生产。土地承包经营期限为三十年。发包方和承包方应当订立承包合同，约定双方的权利和

义务。承包经营土地的农民有保护和按照承包合同约定的用途合理利用土地的义务。农民的土地

承包经营权受法律保护。

在土地承包经营期限内，对个别承包经营者之间承包的土地进行适当调整的，必须经村民会议

三分之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并报乡（镇）人民政府和县级人民政府农

业行政主管部门批准。


Article 15 Land owned by the State may be contracted out to units or individuals for farming,

forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries operations. Land collectively owned by peasants may

be contracted out to units or individuals who are not belonging to the corresponding collectives

for farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries operations. The contractees and

contractors should sign land use contracts to define each other’s rights and obligations. The

contractedterm for operation is to be agreed upon in the land use contracts. Contractors for the

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land operation are obliged to protect and use the land rationally according to the usages

specified in the contracts. Whereas a land collectively owned by peasant is contracted out for

operation to ones not belonging to the corresponding collective organizations, a consent

should be got from the over two-thirds majority vote of the villagers’ congress or over two-thirds

of the villagers’ representatives with the resulted contract being submitted to the township

(town) people’s government for approval.第十五条国有土地可以由单位或者个人承包经营，从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产。农

民集体所有的土地，可以由本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包经营，从事种植业、林业、

畜牧业、渔业生产。发包方和承包方应当订立承包合同，约定双方的权利和义务。土地承包经营

的期限由承包合同约定。承包经营土地的单位和个人，有保护和按照承包合同约定的用途合理利

用土地的义务。

农民集体所有的土地由本集体经济组织以外的单位或者个人承包经营的，必须经村民会议三分

之二以上成员或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并报乡（镇）人民政府批准。


Article 16 Disputes arising from the ownership or use right of land shall be settled through

consultation among parties concerned; should consultation fails, the disputes should be

handled by people’s governments. Disputes among units shall be handled by the people’s

government at and above the county level; disputes among individuals or between individuals

and units shall be handled by township level people’s government or people’s governments at

the county level or above. Whereas parties concerned refuse to accept the decisions by related

people’s government the dispute may be brought before the people’s court within 30 days after

the notification on the decision is received. No party shall change the status quo of the land

before the disputes over ownership and use right are settled.第十六条土地所有权和使用权争议，由当事人协商解决；协商不成的，由人民政府处理。

单位之间的争议，由县级以上人民政府处理；个人之间、个人与单位之间的争议，由乡级人民

政府或者县级以上人民政府处理。

当事人对有关人民政府的处理决定不服的，可以自接到处理决定通知之日起三十日内，向人民

法院起诉。

在土地所有权和使用权争议解决前，任何一方不得改变土地利用现状。


CHAPTER THREE GENERAL PLANS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF LAND第三章土地利用总体规划

Article 17 People’s governments at all levels shall manage to compile general plans for land

uses in accordance with the national economic and social development program, requirements

of national land consolidation and resources and environmental protection, land supply

capacity and the requirements of various construction projects. The validity term of the general

plans for land use shall be determined by the State Council.第十七条各级人民政府应当依据国民经济和社会发展规划、国土整治和资源环境保护的要求、

土地供给能力以及各项建设对土地的需求，组织编制土地利用总体规划。

土地利用总体规划的规划期限由国务院规定。

（相关资料: 地方法规3篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文2篇实务指南）

Article 18 General plans for land use at a lower level shall be compiled according to the general

plans for the utilization of land at the next higher level. The total amount of land for construction

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uses in the general plans of land use compiled by local people’s governments at all levels shall

not exceed the controlled targets set in the general plans for land use at the next higher level

and the total amount of cultivated land should not be lower than the controlled targets set in the

general plans for land use at the next higher level. In mapping out the general plans for land

use, the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall ensure than the total amount

of cultivated land under their jurisdiction shall not be reduced.第十八条下级土地利用总体规划应当依据上一级土地利用总体规划编制。

地方各级人民政府编制的土地利用总体规划中的建设用地总量不得超过上一级土地利用总体规

划确定的控制指标，耕地保有量不得低于上一级土地利用总体规划确定的控制指标。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府编制的土地利用总体规划，应当确保本行政区域内耕地总量不减

少。


Article 19 General plans for land use should be mapped out according to the following

principles:

1. Strictly protect the basic farmland and control the occupation of agricultural land for

nonagricultural purposes.

2. Raise the utilization rate of land.

3. Make an overall plan and arrangements about the use of land in various kinds and various

areas.

4. Protect and improve the ecological environment to ensure a sustainable use of land.

5. Keep a balance between cultivated land occupied and cultivated land developed and

reclaimed.第十九条土地利用总体规划按照下列原则编制：

（一）严格保护基本农田，控制非农业建设占用农用地；

（二）提高土地利用率；

（三）统筹安排各类、各区域用地；

（四）保护和改善生态环境，保障土地的可持续利用；

（五）占用耕地与开发复垦耕地相平衡。


Article 20 General plans for land use at the county level should define the areas and purposes

of land use. General plans for the land use at the township (town) level should define the areas

for the utilization of land and define the purpose of each tract of land according to the actual

conditions for the use of land and make an announcement.第二十条县级土地利用总体规划应当划分土地利用区，明确土地用途。

乡（镇）土地利用总体规划应当划分土地利用区，根据土地使用条件，确定每一块土地的用途，

并予以公告。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇裁判文书1篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 21 General plans for land use shall be examined and approved level by level.

General plans for land use of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall be

approved by the State Council. General plans for land of cities where the people’s

governments of province and autonomous regions and municipalities are seated and cities with

a population of over one million and cities designated by the State Council shall be examined

by the People’s governments of related provinces and autonomous regions and municipalities

and submit them to the State Council for approval.

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General plans for land use other than those provided for in the second and third paragraphs of

this article shall be submitted for approval step by step to the people’s governments of

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. General plans for land uses of townships

(towns) may be approved by the people’s governments of cities or autonomous prefectures

authorized by the provincial level people’s governments.

Once approved, the general plans for the land use shall be implemented strictly.第二十一条土地利用总体规划实行分级审批。

省、自治区、直辖市的土地利用总体规划，报国务院批准。

省、自治区人民政府所在地的市、人口在一百万以上的城市以及国务院指定的城市的土地利用

总体规划，经省、自治区人民政府审查同意后，报国务院批准。

本条第二款、第三款规定以外的土地利用总体规划，逐级上报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批

准；其中，乡（镇）土地利用总体规划可以由省级人民政府授权的设区的市、自治州人民政府批

准。

土地利用总体规划一经批准，必须严格执行。


Article 22 The amount of land used for urban construction shall conform to the standards

prescribed by the State so as to make full use of the existing land for construction purposes,

not to occupy or occupy as less agricultural land as possible. Urban general planning and the

planning of villages and market towns should be in line with the general plans for land use. The

amount of land for construction use in the urban general planning and the planning of villages

and market towns shall not exceed the amount of land used for construction purposes in cities,

villages and market towns fixed in the general plans for the utilization of land. The land for

construction purposes in cities, villages and market towns within the planned areas of cities,

villages and market towns shall conform to the city planning and the planning of villages and

market towns.第二十二条城市建设用地规模应当符合国家规定的标准，充分利用现有建设用地，不占或者尽

量少占农用地。

城市总体规划、村庄和集镇规划，应当与土地利用总体规划相衔接，城市总体规划、村庄和集

镇规划中建设用地规模不得超过土地利用总体规划确定的城市和村庄、集镇建设用地规模。

在城市规划区内、村庄和集镇规划区内，城市和村庄、集镇建设用地应当符合城市规划、村庄

和集镇规划。

（相关资料: 地方法规2篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文1篇）

Article 23 The plans for the comprehensive control, development and utilization of rivers and

lakes should be in accordance with the general plans for land use. Land uses within the areas

of management and protection of rivers, lakes and reservoirs and flood storage and detention

areas should be in line with plans for the comprehensive control, development and utilization of

rivers and lakes and to the requirements of river channels, flood flows of rivers and lakes, flood

storage and water transmission.第二十三条江河、湖泊综合治理和开发利用规划，应当与土地利用总体规划相衔接。在江河、

湖泊、水库的管理和保护范围以及蓄洪滞洪区内，土地利用应当符合江河、湖泊综合治理和开发

利用规划，符合河道、湖泊行洪、蓄洪和输水的要求。

（相关资料: 修订沿革条文释义相关论文1篇实务指南）

Article 24 People’s governments at all levels shall strengthen the administration of plans for

land use and exercise control of the aggregate land for construction purposes. The annual plan

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for the land use shall be compiled in line with the national economic and social development

program, the State industrial policies, general plans for land and the actual situation about the

land for construction uses and the land utilization. The examination and approval procedures

for the compilation of annual land use plans shall be the same as that for the general plans for

land use. Once approved, they shall be implemented strictly.第二十四条各级人民政府应当加强土地利用计划管理，实行建设用地总量控制。

土地利用年度计划，根据国民经济和社会发展计划、国家产业政策、土地利用总体规划以及建

设用地和土地利用的实际状况编制。土地利用年度计划的编制审批程序与土地利用总体规划的编

制审批程序相同，一经审批下达，必须严格执行。

（相关资料: 地方法规4篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文3篇）

Article 25 The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities

shall report the implementations of their annual plans for the use of land to the people’s

congresses at the same level as part of the implementation of their economic and social

development plans.第二十五条省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当将土地利用年度计划的执行情况列为国民经济和

社会发展计划执行情况的内容，向同级人民代表大会报告。


Article 26 Revision of the general plans for land use shall be approved by the original organ of

approval. Without approval, the usages of land defined in the general plans for the utilization of

land shall not be changed.

Whereas the purpose of land use defined in the general plans for the utilization of land needs

to be changed due to the construction of large energy, communications, water conservancy

and other infrastructure projects approved by the State Council, it shall be changed according

to the document of approval issued by the State Council. If the purpose of land defined in the

general plans for the utilization of land needs to be changed due to the construction of large

energy, communications, water conservancy and other infrastructure projects approved by

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, it shall be changed according to the

document of approval issued by the provincial level people’s governments if it falls into their

terms of reference.第二十六条经批准的土地利用总体规划的修改，须经原批准机关批准；未经批准，不得改变土

地利用总体规划确定的土地用途。

经国务院批准的大型能源、交通、水利等基础设施建设用地，需要改变土地利用总体规划的，

根据国务院的批准文件修改土地利用总体规划。

经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准的能源、交通、水利等基础设施建设用地，需要改变土地

利用总体规划的，属于省级人民政府土地利用总体规划批准权限内的，根据省级人民政府的批准

文件修改土地利用总体规划。

（相关资料: 部门规章2篇地方法规23篇裁判文书10篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文1篇）

Article 27 The State fosters land survey system. The land administrative departments of the

people’s governments at and above the county level shall carry out land surveys together with

related departments at the same level. Land owners or users should provide good cooperation

and necessary data and materials required.第二十七条国家建立土地调查制度。

县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级有关部门进行土地调查。土地所有者或者使用者

应当配合调查，并提供有关资料。

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（相关资料: 部门规章1篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文3篇）

Article 28 Land administrative departments of the people’s government at and above the

county level shall, together with related departments at the same level, grade the land

according to the results of the surveys, their planned uses and the unified standards formulated

by the State.第二十八条县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级有关部门根据土地调查成果、规划土

地用途和国家制定的统一标准，评定土地等级。

（相关资料: 修订沿革条文释义相关论文3篇）

Article 29 The State establishes the land statistical system. Land administrative departments of

the people’s governments at and above the county level shall, together with the statistical

departments at the same level shall, formulate plans for statistical surveys and compile

statistics about land according to law and regularly issue statistical data about the land. Land

owners and users shall provide related materials and it is strictly forbidden to provide false and

concealed materials or refuse to provide or delay the delivery of materials. The statistical

materials about the land areas issued by land administrative departments and statistical

departments serve as the basis for people’s governments at all levels in compiling the general

plans for the utilization of land.第二十九条国家建立土地统计制度。

县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门和同级统计部门共同制定统计调查方案，依法进行土地统

计，定期发布土地统计资料。土地所有者或者使用者应当提供有关资料，不得虚报、瞒报、拒报、

迟报。

土地行政主管部门和统计部门共同发布的土地面积统计资料是各级人民政府编制土地利用总体

规划的依据。


Article 30 The State shall establish the national land management information system to

conduct dynamic monitoring of the utilization of land.第三十条国家建立全国土地管理信息系统，对土地利用状况进行动态监测。


CHAPTER FOUR PROTECTION OF CULTIVATED LAND第四章耕地保护

Article 31 The State protects the cultivated land and strictly controls the conversion of

cultivated land into non-cultivated land. The State fosters the system of compensations to

cultivated land to be occupied. In the case of occupying cultivated land for non-agricultural

construction, the units occupying the cultivated land should be responsible for reclaiming the

same amount of land in the same quality as that occupied according to the principle of

"reclaiming the same amount of land occupied. Whereas units which occupy the cultivated land

are not available with conditions of reclaimation of land or the land reclaimed is not up to

requirements, the units concerned should pay land reclamation fees prescribed by provinces,

autonomous regions and municipalities for reclaiming land for cultivation the land reclaimed.

The people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall

formulate plans for reclamation of cultivated land, see to it that units which occupy cultivated

land shall reclaim land as planned or organize the land reclamation according to plan and

71

examine and accept the land reclaimed.第三十一条国家保护耕地，严格控制耕地转为非耕地。

国家实行占用耕地补偿制度。非农业建设经批准占用耕地的，按照“占多少，垦多少”的原则，

由占用耕地的单位负责开垦与所占用耕地的数量和质量相当的耕地；没有条件开垦或者开垦的耕

地不符合要求的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳耕地开垦费，专款用于开垦新的耕地。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当制定开垦耕地计划，监督占用耕地的单位按照计划开垦耕地

或者按照计划组织开垦耕地，并进行验收。


Article 32 The local people’s governments at and above the county level may demand units

which occupy cultivated land to use the topsoil of the land occupied for use in the newly

reclaimed land, poor land or other cultivated land for soil amelioration.第三十二条县级以上地方人民政府可以要求占用耕地的单位将所占用耕地耕作层的土壤用于新

开垦耕地、劣质地或者其他耕地的土壤改良。


Article 33 People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall

strictly implement the general plans for the utilization of land and annual plan for the use of

land, adopt measures to ensure not to reduce the total amount of cultivated land within their

jurisdictions. Whereas reductions occur, the State Council shall order it to organize land

reclamation within the prescribed time limit to make up for the reduced land in the same

quantity and quality and the land administrative department of the State Council shall, together

with agricultural administrative department, examine and accept it. Whereas individual

provinces and municipalities find it difficult to reclaim enough land to make up for the land

occupied due to scarce reserve resources, the total amount of land due to be reclaimed in their

own regions may be reduced with the approval of the State Council but the rest of land for

reclamation shall be made up for elsewhere.第三十三条省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当严格执行土地利用总体规划和土地利用年度计划，

采取措施，确保本行政区域内耕地总量不减少；耕地总量减少的，由国务院责令在规定期限内组

织开垦与所减少耕地的数量与质量相当的耕地，并由国务院土地行政主管部门会同农业行政主管

部门验收。个别省、直辖市确因土地后备资源匮乏，新增建设用地后，新开垦耕地的数量不足以

补偿所占用耕地的数量的，必须报经国务院批准减免本行政区域内开垦耕地的数量，进行易地开

垦。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇修订沿革条文释义）

Article 34 The State fosters the system of protecting the basic farmland. The following

cultivated land shall be demarcated as basic farmland protection areas and subject to stringent

control according to the general plans for the utilization of land:

1. Cultivated land in the grain, cotton and oil-bearing crops production bases approved by the

land administrative department of the State Council or the local people’s governments at and

above the county level;

2. Cultivated land with good water conservancy and water and soil conservation facilities and

medium-and low-yielding land where the execution of amelioration plan is in progress or

medium-and low-yielding land that is transformable.

3. Vegetable production bases;

4. Experimental plots for research and teaching;

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5. Other cultivated land that should be designated as basic farmland protection areas as

provided for by the State Council.

Areas of basic farmland demarcated by various provinces, autonomous regions and

municipalities should make up over 80% of the cultivated land within their administrative areas.

Basic farmland protection areas shall be demarcated with township (town) as the unit and the

protection of which shall be carried out by the land administrative departments of the county

level people’s governments together with agricultural administrative departments of the same

level.第三十四条国家实行基本农田保护制度。下列耕地应当根据土地利用总体规划划入基本农田保

护区，严格管理：

（一）经国务院有关主管部门或者县级以上地方人民政府批准确定的粮、棉、油生产基地内的

耕地；

（二）有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地，正在实施改造计划以及可以改造的中、低产田；

（三）蔬菜生产基地；

（四）农业科研、教学试验田；

（五）国务院规定应当划入基本农田保护区的其他耕地。

各省、自治区、直辖市划定的基本农田应当占本行政区域内耕地的百分之八十以上。

基本农田保护区以乡（镇）为单位进行划区定界，由县级人民政府土地行政主管部门会同同级

农业行政主管部门组织实施。

（相关资料: 裁判文书2篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 35 People’s governments at all levels shall adopt measures to maintain and protect

irrigation and drainage facilities, ameliorate the soil to raise fertility and prevent desertification,

salinization, water loss and soil erosion and pollution.第三十五条各级人民政府应当采取措施，维护排灌工程设施，改良土壤，提高地力，防止土地

荒漠化、盐渍化、水土流失和污染土地。


Article 36 Land shall be used sparingly for non-agricultural construction purposes. Whereas

wasteland can be used, no cultivated land should be occupied; whereas poor land can be

used, no good land should be occupied.

It is forbidden to build kilns, graves or houses on cultivated land or to dig sand, collect stones,

do mining and carry soil away from cultivated land.

It is forbidden to occupy basic farmland to develop horticulture or dig ponds to breed fish.第三十六条非农业建设必须节约使用土地，可以利用荒地的，不得占用耕地；可以利用劣地的，

不得占用好地。

禁止占用耕地建窑、建坟或者擅自在耕地上建房、挖砂、采石、采矿、取土等。

禁止占用基本农田发展林果业和挖塘养鱼。

（相关资料: 地方法规4篇裁判文书14篇修订沿革条文释义）

Article 37 No unit or individual is allowed to let the land to lie idle or go wasted. Whereas a

cultivated land which has been occupied for non-agricultural construction upon approval and

can sure start construction within one year is found cultivable and yieldable, it should be

cultivated by the unit or individual that originally cultivates the land or cultivated by units

occupying the land. Whereas construction work fails to start for over one year, land idling fees

shall be paid according to the provisions by various provinces, autonomous region and

73

municipalities. Whereas construction work fails to start for two successive years, the people’s

governments at and above the county level shall revoke the use right of the land with the

approval of the original organ of approval. Whereas the land used to be owned by peasant

collectives, it should be turned over to original rural collective economic organizations for

recultivation.

Idle land that is lying within the urban plan areas and whose use right has been leased for real

estate development shall be handled according to the "Urban Real Estate Administration Lawof the People’s Republic of China".Whereas a unit or individual that has contracted for land operation has given up cultivation

and allowed the land to go wasted for two successive years, the original contracting-out party

shall terminate the contract and recover the land contracted out for cultivation.第三十七条禁止任何单位和个人闲置、荒芜耕地。已经办理审批手续的非农业建设占用耕地，

一年内不用而又可以耕种并收获的，应当由原耕种该幅耕地的集体或者个人恢复耕种，也可以由

用地单位组织耕种；一年以上未动工建设的，应当按照省、自治区、直辖市的规定缴纳闲置费；

连续二年未使用的，经原批准机关批准，由县级以上人民政府无偿收回用地单位的土地使用权；

该幅土地原为农民集体所有的，应当交由原农村集体经济组织恢复耕种。

在城市规划区范围内，以出让方式取得土地使用权进行房地产开发的闲置土地，依照《中华人

民共和国城市房地产管理法》的有关规定办理。

承包经营耕地的单位或者个人连续二年弃耕抛荒的，原发包单位应当终止承包合同，收回发包

的耕地。


Article 38 The State encourages development of unused land by units or individuals according

to the general plans for the utilization of land and under the precondition of protecting and

improving the ecological environment, preventing water loss, soil erosion and desertification.

Land suitable for agricultural use should have the priority of developing into land for agricultural

use. The State protects the legitimate rights and interests of developers.第三十八条国家鼓励单位和个人按照土地利用总体规划，在保护和改善生态环境、防止水土流

失和土地荒漠化的前提下，开发未利用的土地；适宜开发为农用地的，应当优先开发成农用地。

国家依法保护开发者的合法权益。


Article 39 Reclaiming unused land shall go through scientific argumentation and evaluation and

can proceed according to law after approval within the reclaimable areas demarcated in the

general plans for the utilization of land. It is forbidden to destroy forests and grassland in the

process of land reclamation. It is forbidden to carry out landfill of lakes and occupy beach land

of rivers.

Whereas reclaimation of a land or rounding up of a land for reclaimation would give harm to

ecological environment the land concerned should be restored as forests, pasture fields or

lakes step by step and in a planned manner according to the general plans for the utilization of

land.第三十九条开垦未利用的土地，必须经过科学论证和评估，在土地利用总体规划划定的可开垦

的区域内，经依法批准后进行。禁止毁坏森林、草原开垦耕地，禁止围湖造田和侵占江河滩地。

根据土地利用总体规划，对破坏生态环境开垦、围垦的土地，有计划有步骤地退耕还林、还牧、

74

还湖。


Article 40 For developing waste hills, land or beach land whose use rights have not been

ascertained for crop cultivation, forestry, animal husbandry or fisheries, the use rights may be

given to developers or individuals for long-term use with the approval of the people’s

government at and above the county level according to law.第四十条开发未确定使用权的国有荒山、荒地、荒滩从事种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业生产的，

经县级以上人民政府依法批准，可以确定给开发单位或者个人长期使用。

（相关资料: 地方法规4篇裁判文书3篇修订沿革条文释义）

Article 41 The State encourages land consolidation. People’s governments of counties and

townships (towns) shall organize rural collective economic organizations to carry out

comprehensive consolidation of fields, water surface, roads, woods and villages according to

the general plans for the utilization of land to raise the quality of cultivated land and increase

areas for effective cultivation and improve the agricultural production conditions and ecological

environment. Local people’s governments at all levels shall adopt measures to ameliorate

medium-and low-yielding land and consolidate idle and scattered and abandoned land.第四十一条国家鼓励土地整理。县、乡（镇）人民政府应当组织农村集体经济组织，按照土地

利用总体规划，对田、水、路、林、村综合整治，提高耕地质量，增加有效耕地面积，改善农业

生产条件和生态环境。

地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，改造中、低产田，整治闲散地和废弃地。


Article 42 Whereas land is damaged due to digging, cave-in and occupation, the units or

individuals occupying the land should be responsible for reclamation according to the relevant

provisions of the State; for lack of ability of reclamation or for failure to meet the required

reclamation, land reclamation fees shall be paid, for use in land reclamation. Land reclaimed

shall be first used for agricultural purposes.第四十二条因挖损、塌陷、压占等造成土地破坏，用地单位和个人应当按照国家有关规定负责

复垦；没有条件复垦或者复垦不符合要求的，应当缴纳土地复垦费，专项用于土地复垦。复垦的

土地应当优先用于农业。


CHAPTER FIVE LAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES第五章建设用地

Article 43 Any unit or individual that need land for construction purposes should apply for the

use of land owned by the State according to law, except land owned by peasant collectives

used by collective economic organizations for building township enterprises or building houses

for villagers or land owned by peasant collectives approved according to law for use in building

public facilities or public welfare facilities of townships (towns).

The term "apply for the use of land owned by the State according to law" used in the

preceding paragraph refers to land owned by the State and also land originally owned by

peasant collectives but having been expropriated by the State.第四十三条任何单位和个人进行建设，需要使用土地的，必须依法申请使用国有土地；但是，

兴办乡镇企业和村民建设住宅经依法批准使用本集体经济组织农民集体所有的土地的，或者乡

75

（镇）村公共设施和公益事业建设经依法批准使用农民集体所有的土地的除外。

前款所称依法申请使用的国有土地包括国家所有的土地和国家征收的原属于农民集体所有的土

地。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规3篇案例1篇裁判文书41篇修订沿革条文释义相关论

文15篇实务指南）

Article 44 Whereas occupation of land for construction purposes involves the conversion of

agricultural land into land for construction purposes, the examination and approval procedures

in this regard shall be required.

For projects of roads, pipelines and large infrastructure approved by the people’s

governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, land for construction has to

be approved by the State Council whereas conversion of agricultural land is involved. Whereas

agricultural land is converted into construction purposes as part of the efforts to implement the

general plans for the utilization of land within the amount of land used for construction

purposes as defined in the general plans for cities, villages and market towns, it shall be

approved batch by batch according to the annual plan for the use of land by the organs that

approved the original general plans for the utilization of land. The specific projects within the

scope of land approved for conversion shall be approved by the people’s governments of cities

or counties. Land to be occupied for construction purposes other than those provided for in the

second and third paragraphs of this article shall be approved by the people’s governments of

provinces, autonomous region and municipalities whereas conversion of agricultural land into

construction land is involved.第四十四条建设占用土地，涉及农用地转为建设用地的，应当办理农用地转用审批手续。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准的道路、管线工程和大型基础设施建设项目、国务院批准的

建设项目占用土地，涉及农用地转为建设用地的，由国务院批准。

在土地利用总体规划确定的城市和村庄、集镇建设用地规模范围内，为实施该规划而将农用地

转为建设用地的，按土地利用年度计划分批次由原批准土地利用总体规划的机关批准。在已批准

的农用地转用范围内，具体建设项目用地可以由市、县人民政府批准。

本条第二款、第三款规定以外的建设项目占用土地，涉及农用地转为建设用地的，由省、自治

区、直辖市人民政府批准。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规17篇案例1篇裁判文书48篇修订沿革条文释义相关

论文6篇实务指南）

Article 45 The expropriation of the following land shall be approved by the State Council:

1. Basic farmland;

2. Land exceeding 35 hectares outside the basic farmland;

3. Other land exceeding 70 hectares.

Expropriation of land other than prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be approved by

the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and submitted

to the State Council for the record.

Expropriation of agricultural land should first of all go through the examination and approval

procedure for converting agricultural land into land for construction purposes according to the

provisions of Article 44 of this law. Whereas conversion of land is approved by the State

Council, the land expropriation examination and approval procedures should be completed

concurrently with the procedures for converting agricultural land to construction uses and no

separate procedures are required. Whereas the conversion of land is approved by people’s

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governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities within their terms of

reference, land expropriation examination and approval procedures should be completed at the

same time and no separate procedures are required. Whereas the terms of reference has been

exceeded, separate land expropriation examination and approval procedures should be

completed according to the provisions of the first paragraph of this article.第四十五条征收下列土地的，由国务院批准：

（一）基本农田；

（二）基本农田以外的耕地超过三十五公顷的；

（三）其他土地超过七十公顷的。

征收前款规定以外的土地的，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，并报国务院备案。

征收农用地的，应当依照本法第四十四条的规定先行办理农用地转用审批。其中，经国务院批

准农用地转用的，同时办理征地审批手续，不再另行办理征地审批；经省、自治区、直辖市人民

政府在征地批准权限内批准农用地转用的，同时办理征地审批手续，不再另行办理征地审批，超

过征地批准权限的，应当依照本条第一款的规定另行办理征地审批。


Article 46 For expropriation of land by the State the local people’s governments at and above

the county level shall make an announcement and organize the implementation after the

approval according to the legal procedures.

Owners or users of the land expropriated should, within the time limit specified in the

announcement, go through the compensation registration for expropriated land with the land

administrative departments of the local people’s governments on the strength of the land

certificate.第四十六条国家征收土地的，依照法定程序批准后，由县级以上地方人民政府予以公告并组织

实施。

被征收土地的所有权人、使用权人应当在公告规定期限内，持土地权属证书到当地人民政府土

地行政主管部门办理征地补偿登记。


Article 47 In expropriating land, compensation should be made according to the original

purposes of the land expropriated. Compensation fees for land expropriated include land

compensation fees, resettlement fees and compensation for attachments to or green crops on

the land. The land compensation fees shall be 6-10 times the average output value of the three

years preceding the expropriation of the cultivated land. The resettlement fee shall be

calculated according to the number of agricultural population to be resettled. The number of

agricultural population to be resettled shall be calculated by dividing the amount of cultivated

land expropriated by the per capital land occupied of the unit whose land is expropriated. The

resettlement fees for each agricultural person to be resettled shall be 4-6 times the average

annual output value of the three years preceding the expropriation of the cultivated land. But

the maximum resettlement fee per hectare of land expropriated shall not exceed 15 times of

the average annual output value of the three years prior to the expropriation. The standards for

land compensation and resettlement fees for land expropriated shall be determined by various

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in reference to the land compensation fees

and resettlement fees for cultivated land expropriated. The standards for compensating for

ground attachments and green crops on the land expropriated shall be determined by various

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. In expropriating vegetable fields in

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suburban areas, the units using the land should pay new vegetable field development and

construction fund.

Whereas the land compensation fees and resettlement fees paid according to the provisions

of the second paragraph of this article are not enough to maintain the original level of living, the

resettlement fees may be increased with the approval of the people’s governments of

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. But the combined total of land

compensation fees and resettlement fees shall not exceed 30 times the average output value

of the three years prior to the expropriation. In special circumstances, the State Council may

raise the standards for land compensation and resettlement fees for land expropriated

according to the social and economic development level.第四十七条征收土地的，按照被征收土地的原用途给予补偿。

征收耕地的补偿费用包括土地补偿费、安置补助费以及地上附着物和青苗的补偿费。征收耕地

的土地补偿费，为该耕地被征收前三年平均年产值的六至十倍。征收耕地的安置补助费，按照需

要安置的农业人口数计算。需要安置的农业人口数，按照被征收的耕地数量除以征地前被征收单

位平均每人占有耕地的数量计算。每一个需要安置的农业人口的安置补助费标准，为该耕地被征

收前三年平均年产值的四至六倍。但是，每公顷被征收耕地的安置补助费，最高不得超过被征收

前三年平均年产值的十五倍。

征收其他土地的土地补偿费和安置补助费标准，由省、自治区、直辖市参照征收耕地的土地补

偿费和安置补助费的标准规定。

被征收土地上的附着物和青苗的补偿标准，由省、自治区、直辖市规定。

征收城市郊区的菜地，用地单位应当按照国家有关规定缴纳新菜地开发建设基金。

依照本条第二款的规定支付土地补偿费和安置补助费，尚不能使需要安置的农民保持原有生活

水平的，经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准，可以增加安置补助费。但是，土地补偿费和安置

补助费的总和不得超过土地被征收前三年平均年产值的三十倍。

国务院根据社会、经济发展水平，在特殊情况下，可以提高征收耕地的土地补偿费和安置补助

费的标准。


Article 48 After the plan for land compensation and resettlement fees is finalized, related local

people’s governments shall make an announcement and hear the opinions of the rural

collective economic organizations and peasants whose land has been expropriated.第四十八条征地补偿安置方案确定后，有关地方人民政府应当公告，并听取被征地的农村集体

经济组织和农民的意见。


Article 49 Rural collective economic organizations shall make public to its members the

receipts and expenditures of the land compensation fees for land expropriated and accept their

supervision. It is forbidden to embezzle or divert the land compensation fees and other related

expenses.第四十九条被征地的农村集体经济组织应当将征收土地的补偿费用的收支状况向本集体经济组

织的成员公布，接受监督。

禁止侵占、挪用被征收土地单位的征地补偿费用和其他有关费用。


Article 50 Local people’s governments at all levels shall support rural collective economic

organizations and peasants in their efforts toward development and operations or in starting up

enterprises.

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第五十条地方各级人民政府应当支持被征地的农村集体经济组织和农民从事开发经营，兴办企

业。


Article 51 The standards for land compensation and method of resettlement for land

expropriated for building large and medium-sized water conservancy projects and hydroelectric

power projects shall be determined separately by the State Council.第五十一条大中型水利、水电工程建设征收土地的补偿费标准和移民安置办法，由国务院另行

规定。


Article 52 In the process of the feasibility study for construction projects, land administrative

departments may examine the related matters concerning the land for construction purposes

and put forward their proposals according to the general plans for the utilization of land, the

annual plan for the use of land and standards for land used for construction purposes.第五十二条建设项目可行性研究论证时，土地行政主管部门可以根据土地利用总体规划、土地

利用年度计划和建设用地标准，对建设用地有关事项进行审查，并提出意见。

（相关资料: 地方法规8篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 53 Whereas a construction project approved needs land owned by the State for

construction purposes, the construction unit should file an application with land administrative

department of the people’s government at and above the county level with the power of

approval on the strength of related documents required by law and administrative decrees. The

land administrative department shall examine the application and submit it to the people’s

government at the same level for approval.第五十三条经批准的建设项目需要使用国有建设用地的，建设单位应当持法律、行政法规规定

的有关文件，向有批准权的县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门提出建设用地申请，经土地行政

主管部门审查，报本级人民政府批准。


Article 54 A paid leasing should be go through in use of land owned by the State by a

construction unit. But the following land may be obtained through government allocation with

the approval of the people’s governments at and above the county level according to law:

1. Land for use by government organs and for military use;

2. Land for building urban infrastructure and for public welfare undertakings;

3. Land for building energy, communications and water conservancy and other infrastructure

projects supported by the State.

4. Other land as provided for by the law and administrative decrees.第五十四条建设单位使用国有土地，应当以出让等有偿使用方式取得；但是，下列建设用地，

经县级以上人民政府依法批准，可以以划拨方式取得：

（一）国家机关用地和军事用地；

（二）城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地；

（三）国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等基础设施用地；

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他用地。

（相关资料: 地方法规8篇案例1篇裁判文书5篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文2篇实务指

南）

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Article 55 Construction units that have obtained State-owned land by paid leasing can use the

land only after paying the land use right leasing fees and other fees and expenses according to

the standards and ways prescribed by the State Council. Starting from the date when this law

comes into effect, 30% of the land compensation fees for new construction land shall be

handed over to the central finance, with the rest 70% to be retained by related local people’s

governments, for the development of land for cultivation.第五十五条以出让等有偿使用方式取得国有土地使用权的建设单位，按照国务院规定的标准和

办法，缴纳土地使用权出让金等土地有偿使用费和其他费用后，方可使用土地。

自本法施行之日起，新增建设用地的土地有偿使用费，百分之三十上缴中央财政，百分之七十

留给有关地方人民政府，都专项用于耕地开发。


Article 56 In using State-owned land, construction units should use the land according to the

provisions of the contract for compensated use of leased land use right or according to the

provisions of the documents of approval concerning the allocation of land use right. The

change of the land to construction purposes should get the consent from the land

administrative departments of the related people’s governments and be submitted to the

people’s governments that originally give the approval for the use of land. In changing the

purpose of land within the urban planned areas, the consent should be obtained form the

related urban planning administrative departments before submission for approval.第五十六条建设单位使用国有土地的，应当按照土地使用权出让等有偿使用合同的约定或者土

地使用权划拨批准文件的规定使用土地；确需改变该幅土地建设用途的，应当经有关人民政府土

地行政主管部门同意，报原批准用地的人民政府批准。其中，在城市规划区内改变土地用途的，

在报批前，应当先经有关城市规划行政主管部门同意。

（相关资料: 地方法规13篇案例1篇裁判文书15篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文3篇实务

指南）

Article 57 In the case of temporary using State-owned land or land owned by peasant

collectives by construction projects or geological survey teams, approval should be obtained

from the land administrative departments of local people’s governments at and above the

county level. Whereas the land to be temporarily used is within the urban planned areas, the

consent of the urban planning departments should be obtained before being submitted for

approval. Land users should sign contracts for temporary use of land with related land

administrative departments or rural collective organizations or villagers committees depending

on the ownership of the land and pay land compensation fees for the temporary use of the land

according to the standard specified in the contracts.

Users who use the land temporarily should use the land according to the purposes agreed

upon in the contract for the temporary use of land and should not build permanent structures.

The term for the temporary use of land shall not usually exceed two years.第五十七条建设项目施工和地质勘查需要临时使用国有土地或者农民集体所有的土地的，由县

级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门批准。其中，在城市规划区内的临时用地，在报批前，应当先

经有关城市规划行政主管部门同意。土地使用者应当根据土地权属，与有关土地行政主管部门或

者农村集体经济组织、村民委员会签订临时使用土地合同，并按照合同的约定支付临时使用土地

补偿费。

临时使用土地的使用者应当按照临时使用土地合同约定的用途使用土地，并不得修建永久性建

筑物。

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临时使用土地期限一般不超过二年。


Article 58 In one of the following cases, the land administrative departments of related people’s

governments shall recover the land use right of State-owned land with the approval of the

people’s governments that originally gives the approval or the people’s governments with the

power of approval:

1. Use land for the sake of public interests;

2. Use land for adjustment in re-building old city districts in order to implement urban

construction plans;

3. When the term for the land use right expires according to what is agreed upon in the

contract for compensated use of land, the land user has failed to apply for extension or failed to

get approval for extension;

4. The use of land originally allocated has been stopped due to cancellation or removal of

units;

5. Roads, railways, airports and mining sites that have been approved to be abandoned.

Proper compensation should be given to land use right users whereas the use right of

State-owned land is recovered according to the provisions of 1 and 2 of the preceding

paragraph.第五十八条有下列情形之一的，由有关人民政府土地行政主管部门报经原批准用地的人民政府

或者有批准权的人民政府批准，可以收回国有土地使用权：

（一）为公共利益需要使用土地的；

（二）为实施城市规划进行旧城区改建，需要调整使用土地的；

（三）土地出让等有偿使用合同约定的使用期限届满，土地使用者未申请续期或者申请续期未

获批准的；

（四）因单位撤销、迁移等原因，停止使用原划拨的国有土地的；

（五）公路、铁路、机场、矿场等经核准报废的。

依照前款第（一）项、第（二）项的规定收回国有土地使用权的，对土地使用权人应当给予适

当补偿。


Article 59 Construction of township enterprises, public facilities and public welfare undertakings

of townships (towns) and rural villagers’ houses should be rationally laid out according to the

village or market town plans according to a comprehensive development plan, with good

supporting facilities. Land used for construction purposes shall conform to the general plans for

the utilization of land of townships (towns) and their annual plan for the use of land and the

examination and approval procedures should be completed according to the provisions of

Article 44, Article 60, Article 61 and Article 62 of this law.第五十九条乡镇企业、乡（镇）村公共设施、公益事业、农村村民住宅等乡（镇）村建设，应

当按照村庄和集镇规划，合理布局，综合开发，配套建设；建设用地，应当符合乡（镇）土地利

用总体规划和土地利用年度计划，并依照本法第四十四条、第六十条、第六十一条、第六十二条

的规定办理审批手续。


Article 60 In using the land for construction purposes defined in the general plan for the

utilization of land of townships (towns) to start up enterprises or joint ventures together with

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other units or individuals by way of using land use right as shares, the rural collective economic

organization shall file an application with land administrative departments of the local people’s

governments at and above the county level on the strength of documents of approval. The

applications shall be approved by the local people’s governments at and above the country

according to the terms of reference provided for by various provinces, autonomous regions and

municipalities whereas the use of land involving the occupation of agricultural land, the

examination and approval procedures provided for in Article 44 of this law shall be followed.

Land for construction purposes in starting enterprises provided for in the preceding paragraph

shall be put under strict control. Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall

determine the standards for land use according to different trades and scale of operation of

township enterprises.第六十条农村集体经济组织使用乡（镇）土地利用总体规划确定的建设用地兴办企业或者与其

他单位、个人以土地使用权入股、联营等形式共同举办企业的，应当持有关批准文件，向县级以

上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门提出申请，按照省、自治区、直辖市规定的批准权限，由县级

以上地方人民政府批准；其中，涉及占用农用地的，依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批手续。

按照前款规定兴办企业的建设用地，必须严格控制。省、自治区、直辖市可以按照乡镇企业的

不同行业和经营规模，分别规定用地标准。


Article 61 In using land for building public facilities and public welfare facilities, townships

(towns) shall file an application with land administrative departments of local people’s

governments at and above the county level after being examined by the township (town)

people’s governments at and the application shall be approved by the local people’s

governments at and above the county level according to the term of reference provided for by

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Where occupation of agricultural land is

involved, the examination and approval procedures provided for in Article 44 of this law are

required.第六十一条乡（镇）村公共设施、公益事业建设，需要使用土地的，经乡（镇）人民政府审核，

向县级以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部门提出申请，按照省、自治区、直辖市规定的批准权限，

由县级以上地方人民政府批准；其中，涉及占用农用地的，依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批

手续。


Article 62 One rural household can own one piece of land for building house, with the area not

exceeding the standards provided for by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Construction of rural houses should conform to the general plans for the utilization of land of

townships (towns) and the original land occupied by houses and open spaces of villages

should be used as much as possible for building houses.

The use of land for building houses should be examined by the township (town) people’s

governments and approved by the county people’s governments. Whereas occupation of

agricultural land is involved the examination and approval procedure provided for in Article 44

of this law is required.

The application for housing land after selling or leasing houses shall not be approved.第六十二条农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地，其宅基地的面积不得超过省、自治区、直辖市

规定的标准。

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农村村民建住宅，应当符合乡（镇）土地利用总体规划，并尽量使用原有的宅基地和村内空闲

地。

农村村民住宅用地，经乡（镇）人民政府审核，由县级人民政府批准；其中，涉及占用农用地

的，依照本法第四十四条的规定办理审批手续。

农村村民出卖、出租住房后，再申请宅基地的，不予批准。


Article 63 The land use right of peasant collectives shall not be leased, transferred or rented for

non-agricultural construction, except in the case of legal transfer of the land that conforms to

the general plan for the utilization of land and legally obtained by enterprises due to bankruptcy

or acquisition.第六十三条农民集体所有的土地的使用权不得出让、转让或者出租用于非农业建设；但是，符

合土地利用总体规划并依法取得建设用地的企业，因破产、兼并等情形致使土地使用权依法发生

转移的除外。


Article 64 Buildings or structures put up before the general plan for the utilization of land and

unconformable to the general plans are not allowed to be rebuilt or expanded.第六十四条在土地利用总体规划制定前已建的不符合土地利用总体规划确定的用途的建筑物、

构筑物，不得重建、扩建。

（相关资料: 修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 65 In one of the following cases, the rural collective economic organizations may

recover the land use right with the approval of the people’s government that gives the approval

for the use of land:

1. Land needed for building public facilities and public welfare undertakings of townships

(towns) and villages;

2. Land not used according to the purposes approved;

3. Land not used any more due to cancellation or removal of the original units.

Proper compensation shall be given to land users in the case of recovering the land owned by

peasant collectives provided for in item 1 of the preceding paragraph.第六十五条有下列情形之一的，农村集体经济组织报经原批准用地的人民政府批准，可以收回

土地使用权：

（一）为乡（镇）村公共设施和公益事业建设，需要使用土地的；

（二）不按照批准的用途使用土地的；

（三）因撤销、迁移等原因而停止使用土地的。

依照前款第（一）项规定收回农民集体所有的土地的，对土地使用权人应当给予适当补偿。


CHAPTER SIX SUPERVISION AND EXAMINATION第六章监督检查

Article 66 Land administrative departments of the people’s governments at and above the

county level shall exercise supervision and examination on violations to the land administrative

law and administrative decrees. Supervising personnel in such a regard should be well

acknowledged with the land administrative law and decrees, loyal to their duties and justice in

enforcement of the law.

83

第六十六条县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门对违反土地管理法律、法规的行为进行监督检

查。

土地管理监督检查人员应当熟悉土地管理法律、法规，忠于职守、秉公执法。


Article 67 In performing their supervising and examination duties, the land administrative

departments of the people’s governments at and above the county level have the right to adopt

the following measures:

1. Demand for documents and materials concerning land-use rights from units or individuals

for examination, review or copying.

2. Demand explanations from units or individuals concerned in regard to land-use rights;

3. Enter into land illegally occupied by units or individuals under examination to carry out

on-the-spot surveys, and

4. Command units or individuals that have occupied land illegally to stop their acts of violating

the land administrative law and decrees.第六十七条县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门履行监督检查职责时，有权采取下列措施：

（一）要求被检查的单位或者个人提供有关土地权利的文件和资料，进行查阅或者予以复制；

（二）要求被检查的单位或者个人就有关土地权利的问题作出说明；

（三）进入被检查单位或者个人非法占用的土地现场进行勘测；

（四）责令非法占用土地的单位或者个人停止违反土地管理法律、法规的行为。


Article 68 In performing their duties, whereas there is the need to carry out on-the-spot survey

or demand units or individuals concerned to present documents and materials or explanations,

supervising personnel should present certificates of land supervision and examination.第六十八条土地管理监督检查人员履行职责，需要进入现场进行勘测、要求有关单位或者个人

提供文件、资料和作出说明的，应当出示土地管理监督检查证件。


Article 69 Units or individuals concerned should provide active support and cooperation to land

administrative departments of the people’s governments at and above the county level in their

supervision and examination of violations to land administration and provide all the

conveniences to facilitate but not in any way refuse or obstruct their work in such a regard.第六十九条有关单位和个人对县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门就土地违法行为进行的监督

检查应当支持与配合，并提供工作方便，不得拒绝与阻碍土地管理监督检查人员依法执行职务。

（相关资料: 修订沿革条文释义）

Article 70 Whereas land administrative departments of the people’s governments at and above

the county level have found government functionaries to have committed violations during their

supervision and examination, they shall give them administrative punishments whereas the

punishments are due. Whereas they do not have the right to handle the cases, they should put

forward proposals for administrative punishments to the administrative supervision organs at

the same level or at a higher level. The related administrative supervision departments shall

mete out punishments according to law.第七十条县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门在监督检查工作中发现国家工作人员的违法行

为，依法应当给予行政处分的，应当依法予以处理；自己无权处理的，应当向同级或者上级人民

84

政府的行政监察机关提出行政处分建议书，有关行政监察机关应当依法予以处理。


Article 71 Whereas the land administrative developments of the people’s governments at and

above the county level have found violations to have constitute a crime in their supervision and

examination, they shall hand over the case to related government organs to affix criminal

responsibilities. Whereas the case cannot constitute a crime, administrative punishments shall

be meted out.第七十一条县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门在监督检查工作中发现土地违法行为构成犯罪

的，应当将案件移送有关机关，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，应当依法给予行政处罚。


Article 72 Whereas related land administrative departments have failed to give administrative

punishments due, the land administrative departments of the people’s governments at a higher

level have the right to command the land administrative departments to take punishment

decisions or give administrative punishments directly and give administrative punishments to

the person responsible of the related land administrative departments.第七十二条依照本法规定应当给予行政处罚，而有关土地行政主管部门不给予行政处罚的，上

级人民政府土地行政主管部门有权责令有关土地行政主管部门作出行政处罚决定或者直接给予

行政处罚，并给予有关土地行政主管部门的负责人行政处分。

（相关资料: 部门规章2篇地方法规4篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

CHAPTER SEVEN LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES第七章法律责任

Article 73 For illegal transfer of land through trade or other forms, land administrative

departments of the people’s governments at and above the county level shall confiscate the

proceeds from the transfer. For converting agricultural land into land for construction uses in

violations to the provisions of the general plans for the utilization of land, an order shall be

given to dismantle the new buildings or other facilities illegally built on the land illegally

transferred for restoration of the land to the original state, and whereas in such cases no

violation to the general plan for the utilization of land, the new building and other facilities on

the land illegally transferred shall be confiscated and a fine may be imposed. Administrative

punishments shall be given to persons in charge and persons directly responsible and whereas

the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibilities shall be affixed.第七十三条买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门没收

违法所得；对违反土地利用总体规划擅自将农用地改为建设用地的，限期拆除在非法转让的土地

上新建的建筑物和其他设施，恢复土地原状，对符合土地利用总体规划的，没收在非法转让的土

地上新建的建筑物和其他设施；可以并处罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依

法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 74 Occupying cultivated land to build kilns or graves or build houses, dig sand, collect

stones, do mining or collect soil from the cultivated land without authorization, thus damaging

the conditions for growing crops or causing desertification and salinization due to land

development in violation of this law, the land administrative departments of the people’s

85

governments at and above the county level shall order correction or improvement within a

prescribed time limit and concurrently impose a fine. Whereas the case constitute a crime,

criminal responsibility shall be affixed.第七十四条违反本法规定，占用耕地建窑、建坟或者擅自在耕地上建房、挖砂、采石、采矿、

取土等，破坏种植条件的，或者因开发土地造成土地荒漠化、盐渍化的，由县级以上人民政府土

地行政主管部门责令限期改正或者治理，可以并处罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 75 Refusing to perform land reclamation obligations in violation of this law, the land

administrative departments of the people’s governments at and above the county level shall

order correction within a prescribed time limit. Whereas no correction is made within the time

limit, a payment of land reclamation fees specially used for land reclamation by the violator

shall be ordered and a fine may be imposed concurrently.第七十五条违反本法规定，拒不履行土地复垦义务的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门

责令限期改正；逾期不改正的，责令缴纳复垦费，专项用于土地复垦，可以处以罚款。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇地方法规11篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 76 Occupying land without approval or by deception, the land administrative

departments of the people’s governments at and above the county level shall order to return

the land illegally occupied; turning to agricultural land into land for construction uses without

authorization in violation of the general plans for the utilization of land, dismantling of the new

buildings and other structures on the land illegally occupied within a prescribed time limit shall

be ordered and whereas the act has not violated the general plans for the utilization of land, the

new buildings and structure concerned shall be confiscated and a fine may be imposed

concurrently. Persons in charge of the unit that occupies land illegally and the people directly

responsible shall be given administrative punishments and whereas the case constitutes a

crime, criminal responsibility shall be affixed. For an occupation of land in excess of the

approved amount, part in excess shall be regarded as land illegally occupied.第七十六条未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准，非法占用土地的，由县级以上人民政府土地

行政主管部门责令退还非法占用的土地，对违反土地利用总体规划擅自将农用地改为建设用地

的，限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施，恢复土地原状，对符合土地利用总

体规划的，没收在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施，可以并处罚款；对非法占用土地

单位的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑

事责任。

超过批准的数量占用土地，多占的土地以非法占用土地论处。


Article 77 Occupying land by rural villagers for building houses without approval or by

deception shall be ordered a return of the land illegally occupied and dismantle the new houses

built on the land illegally occupied by land administrative departments of the people’s

governments at and above the county level. For occupation of land in excess of the standards

prescribed by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the land in excess of the

standards shall be regarded as having been illegally occupied.第七十七条农村村民未经批准或者采取欺骗手段骗取批准，非法占用土地建住宅的，由县级以

上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令退还非法占用的土地，限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的房

屋。

86

超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准，多占的土地以非法占用土地论处。


Article 78 Approving the occupation of land without the power of approval, beyond the term of

reference, or not according to the purposes defined in the general plans for the utilization of

land or approving the occupation or expropriating of land in violation of the legal procedures,

the documents of approval shall be invalid and the persons in charge and personnel directly

responsible for illegal expropriation or use of land shall be given administrative punishments.

Whereas the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibilities shall be affixed. The land

illegally approved and used shall be recovered. Whereas parties concerned refuse to return,

the case shall be regarded as illegal occupation of land.

Whereas illegal expropriation and use of land have caused damages to parties concerned,

the party responsible shall bear the responsibilities of compensation according to law.第七十八条无权批准征收、使用土地的单位或者个人非法批准占用土地的，超越批准权限非法

批准占用土地的，不按照土地利用总体规划确定的用途批准用地的，或者违反法律规定的程序批

准占用、征收土地的，其批准文件无效，对非法批准征收、使用土地的直接负责的主管人员和其

他直接责任人员，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。非法批准、使用的土地

应当收回，有关当事人拒不归还的，以非法占用土地论处。

非法批准征收、使用土地，对当事人造成损失的，依法应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 79 Embezzling or diverting the use of land compensation fees and other related

expenses of the units whose land is expropriated, criminal responsibilities shall be affixed

whereas the case constitutes the crime and administrative punishments shall be meted out

whereas the case is not serious enough to constitute a crime.第七十九条侵占、挪用被征收土地单位的征地补偿费用和其他有关费用，构成犯罪的，依法追

究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇修订沿革条文释义实务指南）

Article 80 A refusal to return of land use right upon a legal recovering of the land or an

expiration of temporary land use term or State-owned land is used not according to the

purposes approved, the land administrative departments of the people’s governments at and

above the county level shall order the return of the land and impose a fine.第八十条依法收回国有土地使用权当事人拒不交出土地的，临时使用土地期满拒不归还的，或

者不按照批准的用途使用国有土地的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令交还土地，处

以罚款。


Article 81 Leasing, transferring or renting the use right of land owned by peasant collectives for

non-agricultural construction uses, the land administrative departments of the people’s

governments at and above the county level shall order correction within a prescribed time limit,

confiscate the proceeds concerned and impose a fine.第八十一条擅自将农民集体所有的土地的使用权出让、转让或者出租用于非农业建设的，由县

级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令限期改正，没收违法所得，并处罚款。


Article 82 Refusing to go through the land alteration registration according to the provisions of

87

this law, the land administrative departments of the people’s governments at and above the

county level shall order the parties concerned to go through the procedure within a prescribed

time limit.第八十二条不依照本法规定办理土地变更登记的，由县级以上人民政府土地行政主管部门责令

其限期办理。


Article 83 Whereas orders have been issued to dismantle the new buildings and other facilities

on the land illegally occupied within a prescribed time limit according to the provisions of this

law, the construction unit or individual shall stop operation immediately and dismantle them by

themselves. Whereas the operation continues, the organ which decided for the punishment

decisions has the right to stop it. Whereas a construction unit or individual refuse to accept the

administrative punishment decisions on dismantling the buildings and other facilities, it may

bring the case before the people’s court within 15 days starting from the day when the decision

is received. Whereas a unit or individual fails to put the case in proceeding when the time limit

expires and yet refuses to do the dismantling, the organ making the punishment decision shall

apply for compulsory exercise with the people’s court and the cost arising therefrom shall be

borne by the law violator.第八十三条依照本法规定，责令限期拆除在非法占用的土地上新建的建筑物和其他设施的，建

设单位或者个人必须立即停止施工，自行拆除；对继续施工的，作出处罚决定的机关有权制止。

建设单位或者个人对责令限期拆除的行政处罚决定不服的，可以在接到责令限期拆除决定之日起

十五日内，向人民法院起诉；期满不起诉又不自行拆除的，由作出处罚决定的机关依法申请人民

法院强制执行，费用由违法者承担。


Article 84 Dereliction of duty, abuse of power for personal gains and practise favouritism by

personnel of the land administrative departments shall be affixed of criminal punishments

according to criminal law whereas the case is serious enough to constitute a crime or imposed

of administrative punishments whereas the case is not serious enough to constitute a crime.第八十四条土地行政主管部门的工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法

追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。

（相关资料: 地方法规2篇修订沿革条文释义相关论文1篇实务指南）

CHAPTER EIGHT SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS第八章附则

Article 85 This law applies to the use of land by Sino-foreign joint equity and cooperative

ventures, and wholly foreign-owned enterprises. Whereas there are separate provisions by

law, those provisions shall prevail.第八十五条中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业使用土地的，适用本法；法律另

有规定的，从其规定。

（相关资料: 修订沿革条文释义）

Article 86 The law shall come into force starting from January 1, 1999.

Appendix: Related articles in the Criminal Law:

Article 228 Illegal transfer or trade of land use right for personal gains in violation of the land

administrative law and regulations shall be sentenced to a prison term of less than three years

88

or to forced labor, with a concurrent fine amounting to more than 5% and less than 20% of the

proceeds from the illegal transfer or trading whereas the case is serious enough, and whereas

the case is very serious, it shall be sentenced to a prison term ranging from more than three

years to less than seven years, with a fine ranging from more than 5% to less than 20% of the

proceeds from the illegal transfer or trading of the land use right.

Article 342 Illegal turning of cultivated land occupied into other uses in a big amount to cause

damages to large tracts of cultivated land in violation of the land administrative law and

regulations, a punishment of from less than five years’ in prison or forced labor shall be given,

together with a fine concurrently or separately.

Article 410 Whereas government functionaries are found to have committed deception or

forgery for personal gains in violation of the land administrative law and regulations or have

abused their power to illegally approve the requisition of land or under-sell the use right of

State-owned land and the cases are serious, a punishment of less than three years in prison or

forced labor shall be given; whereas the cases have caused very big losses to the State or

collectives, a prison term ranging from more than three years to less than seven years shall be

meted out.第八十六条本法自1999年1月1日起施行。



89


【TitleTitleTitleTitle】LawLawLawLaw ofofofof thethethethe People''sPeople''sPeople''sPeople''s RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina onononon UrbanUrbanUrbanUrban RealRealRealReal EstateEstateEstateEstateAdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministration (2007(2007(2007(2007 Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)[已被修订]【法规标题】中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法(2007(2007(2007(2007修正))))[Revised]


EffectiveEffectiveEffectiveEffective date:date:date:date: 01-01-1995



People's Congress

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Real Estate

发布日

期：

2007-08-30

生效日

期：

1995-01-01

发布部


类别：房地产

*注：本篇法规已被《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改部分法律的决定》（发布日期：2009年8月27日实施日期：2009年8月27日）修改

Law of the People’s Republic of China on Urban Real Estate Administration

(adopted by the 8th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People’s Congress on

July 5, 1994 and amended according to the Decision on Amending the Law of the People’s Republic

of China on Urban Real Estate Administration which was adopted at the 29th meeting of the

standing committee of the 10th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on

August 30th, 2007)中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法

（1994年7月5日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第八次会议通过根据2007年8月30日第十届全

国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法〉的决定》

修正）

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER II LAND FOR REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT

PART 1 LEASING OF RIGHT OF LAND USE

PART 2 ALLOCATION OF RIGHT TO USE LAND

CHAPTER III REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER IV TRANSACTIONS OF REAL ESTATE

PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

PART 2 TRANSFER OF REAL ESTATE

PART 3 MORTGAGE OF REAL ESTATE

90

PART 4 LEASING OF HOUSES

PART 5 INTERMEDIATE SERVICE AGENCIES

CHAPTER V REGISTRATION OF REAL ESTATE TITLE

CHAPTER VI LEGAL LIABILITIES

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS目录

第一章总则

第二章房地产开发用地

第一节土地使用权出让

第二节土地使用权划拨

第三章房地产开发

第四章房地产交易

第一节一般规定

第二节房地产转让

第三节房地产抵押

第四节房屋租赁

第五节中介服务机构

第五章房地产权属登记管理

第六章法律责任

第七章附则

CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLES第一章总则

Article 1 This law is formulated for the purpose of safeguarding the real estate market order,

protecting lawful rights and interests of real estate owners and promoting healthy development of the

real estate industry through a strengthening of urban real estate administration.第一条为了加强对城市房地产的管理，维护房地产市场秩序，保障房地产权利人的合法权益，促进房

地产业的健康发展，制定本法。

Article 2 Those who acquire the right to use the State-owned land within the designated urban area

of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as" State-owned land") for real estate

development, engage in real estate development or transactions of real estate and exercise real

estate administration shall abide by the law.

The buildings referred to in this law shall mean houses and other structures on the land.

The real estate development referred to in this law shall mean the activities of construction of

infrastructures and buildings on the land that the right to use the State-owned land has been

assigned in accordance with this law.

The transactions of real estate referred to in this law shall mean transfer of real estate, mortgage of

real estate and leasing of buildings.第二条在中华人民共和国城市规划区国有土地（以下简称国有土地）范围内取得房地产开发用地的土

地使用权，从事房地产开发、房地产交易，实施房地产管理，应当遵守本法。

本法所称房屋，是指土地上的房屋等建筑物及构筑物。

91

本法所称房地产开发，是指在依据本法取得国有土地使用权的土地上进行基础设施、房屋建设的行为。

本法所称房地产交易，包括房地产转让、房地产抵押和房屋租赁。

Article 3 The State practices system of using State-owned lands under due compensation and terms

of using the land except the use of State- owned land allocated by the State according to this law.第三条国家依法实行国有土地有偿、有限期使用制度。但是，国家在本法规定的范围内划拨国有土地

使用权的除外。

Article 4 The State shall, in accordance with the social and economic development level, supports

construction of residential houses to gradually improve the living conditions of local residents.第四条国家根据社会、经济发展水平，扶持发展居民住宅建设，逐步改善居民的居住条件。

Article 5 Real estate owners shall abide by the laws and administrative decrees and pay tax

according to the law. The lawful rights and interests of real estate owners are protected by the law

against any infringement by institutes and individuals.第五条房地产权利人应当遵守法律和行政法规，依法纳税。房地产权利人的合法权益受法律保护，任

何单位和个人不得侵犯。

Article 6 For public interests, the state can expropriate any entity or individual’s house built on

state-owned land, but the state shall give relocation compensations according to law and safeguard

the legitimate rights and interests of the entity or individual. If an individual’s residential house is to

be expropriated, the state shall guarantee the housing conditions of the individual. The specific

measures shall be formulated by the State Council.第六条为了公共利益的需要，国家可以征收国有土地上单位和个人的房屋，并依法给予拆迁补偿，维

护被征收人的合法权益；征收个人住宅的，还应当保障被征收人的居住条件。具体办法由国务院规定。

Article 7 The administrative department in charge of construction and the land administration

department of the State Council shall administer the work of real estate nationwide individually or

cooperatively under their own powers.

The organizational set-up and power of the real estate administration and land administration

departments of the local people’s governments above the county level shall be determined by the

provincial, autonomous regional or municipal people’s governments.第七条国务院建设行政主管部门、土地管理部门依照国务院规定的职权划分，各司其职，密切配合，

管理全国房地产工作。

县级以上地方人民政府房产管理、土地管理部门的机构设置及其职权由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府

确定。

CHAPTER II LAND FOR REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT第二章房地产开发用地

PART I LEASING OF RIGHT OF LAND USE第一节土地使用权出让

92

Article 8 Leasing the right of land use means that the State leases the right of using the State-owned

land to land users within a certain period and the land users shall pay the State fees for using the

land.第八条土地使用权出让，是指国家将国有土地使用权（以下简称土地使用权）在一定年限内出让给土

地使用者，由土地使用者向国家支付土地使用权出让金的行为。

Article 9 For a collectively-owned land within a designated urban area, it must be requisitioned and

turned into State-owned land in accordance with law first and then for leasing out to land users with

due compensation.第九条城市规划区内的集体所有的土地，经依法征用转为国有土地后，该幅国有土地的使用权方可有

偿出让。

Article 10 The lease out of land for use must comply with the overall land use plan, the urban plan

and the annual construction land use plan.第十条土地使用权出让，必须符合土地利用总体规划、城市规划和年度建设用地计划。

Article 11 For leasing out the right of their land for real estate development, they people’s

government above the country level must first of all draft plans of total areas of land to be leased out

in a year in accordance with the control quotas assigned by the people’s government at or above the

provincial level, and following the provisions of the State Council, report to the State Council or

provincial-level people’s government for endorsement.第十一条县级以上地方人民政府出让土地使用权用于房地产开发的，须根据省级以上人民政府下达的

控制指标拟订年度出让土地使用权总面积方案，按照国务院规定，报国务院或者省级人民政府批准。

Article 12 The right to use land shall be leased step by step in a planned manner by city or county

people’s governments. A city or county people’s government and the urban planning, construction

and real estate administration departments shall jointly draft a plan on the tracts of land to be leased

out with their uses, term of use and other conditions, and following the provisions of the State

Council, report to the empowered people’s government for approval and then hand down the plan to

the land administration department of the city or county people’s government for execution.

The power consigned to county people’s governments and the relevant departments of the

municipality directly under Central Government for execution as referred to in the above paragraph

shall be determined by the municipal people’s government.第十二条土地使用权出让，由市、县人民政府有计划、有步骤地进行。出让的每幅地块、用途、年限

和其他条件，由市、县人民政府土地管理部门会同城市规划、建设、房产管理部门共同拟定方案，按

照国务院规定，报经有批准权的人民政府批准后，由市、县人民政府土地管理部门实施。

直辖市的县人民政府及其有关部门行使前款规定的权限，由直辖市人民政府规定。

Article 13 The right of use land shall be leased through auction, bidding or negotiations between the

related parties.

The right to use the land for construction of commercial, tourist, recreational facilities or luxury

housing must be leased out through auction or bidding, when conditions permit; when conditions do

not permit and auction or bidding cannot be adopted, it may be leased through negotiations between

the related parties.

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Prices for the use of the land leased out through negotiations between related parties shall not be

lower than the bottom price stipulated by the State provisions.第十三条土地使用权出让，可以采取拍卖、招标或者双方协议的方式。

商业、旅游、娱乐和豪华住宅用地，有条件的，必须采取拍卖、招标方式；没有条件，不能采取拍卖、

招标方式的，可以采取双方协议的方式。

采取双方协议方式出让土地使用权的出让金不得低于按国家规定所确定的最低价。

Article 14 The maximum term of land use shall be stipulated by the State Council.第十四条土地使用权出让最高年限由国务院规定。

Article 15 A written contract for the lease shall be signed on the lease of the right to use land.

The contract for the lease of the right to use land shall be signed by the land administration

department of a city or county people’s government and land users.第十五条土地使用权出让，应当签订书面出让合同。

土地使用权出让合同由市、县人民政府土地管理部门与土地使用者签订。

Article 16 Land users shall pay the lease fees of the right to use land in accordance with the

contracts signed for the lease; when one fails to pay the fees for the use of the land in accordance

with the related contract of the lease, the land administration department has the right to rescind the

contract and ask for compensation for violation of the contract.第十六条土地使用者必须按照出让合同约定，支付土地使用权出让金；未按照出让合同约定支付土地

使用权出让金的，土地管理部门有权解除合同，并可以请求违约赔偿。

Article 17 When land users pay the lease fees for the right of land use in accordance with the

contract for the lease, the land administration department of a city or county people’s government

must provide the land in accordance with the contract for the lease; when the land is not provided in

accordance with the contract for the lease, the land user has the right to cancel the contract with the

fee handed over for the use to be returned by the land administration department and the land user

may also ask for compensation for the violation of the contract.第十七条土地使用者按照出让合同约定支付土地使用权出让金的，市、县人民政府土地管理部门必须

按照出让合同约定，提供出让的土地；未按照出让合同约定提供出让的土地的，土地使用者有权解除

合同，由土地管理部门返还土地使用权出让金，土地使用者并可以请求违约赔偿。

Article 18 Land users who need to change the use of the land prescribed by the contract must first of

all get the consent from the land lessor and the urban planning department of the city or county

people’s government, sign an agreement for revision of the contract for the lease of the right to use

land or sign a new contract for the lease of the right to use land and readjust the lease fees of the

right to use land accordingly.第十八条土地使用者需要改变土地使用权出让合同约定的土地用途的，必须取得出让方和市、县人民

政府城市规划行政主管部门的同意，签订土地使用权出让合同变更协议或者重新签订土地使用权出让

合同，相应调整土地使用权出让金。

Article 19 Lease fees for the right of land use must be handed over to the financial department to be

entered into the budget and used for the construction of urban infrastructures and land development.

The handover procedure and the use of the lease fees for the right of land use shall be stipulated

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by the State Council.第十九条土地使用权出让金应当全部上缴财政，列入预算，用于城市基础设施建设和土地开发。土地

使用权出让金上缴和使用的具体办法由国务院规定。

Article 20 The State shall not take back the right of land use that the land users have obtained in

accordance with the law before the expiration of the agreed term prescribed in the contract; under

special circumstances, the State may take back the land in advance out of public interest

consideration in accordance with legal procedures and corresponding compensation shall be given

to the related land user in accordance with the real term that the land had been used and the real

conditions of the land development.第二十条国家对土地使用者依法取得的土地使用权，在出让合同约定的使用年限届满前不收回；在特

殊情况下，根据社会公共利益的需要，可以依照法律程序提前收回，并根据土地使用者使用土地的实

际年限和开发土地的实际情况给予相应的补偿。

Article 21 The right of land use shall terminate with extinction of the land.第二十一条土地使用权因土地灭失而终止。

Article 22 Upon a continuous use of the land after expiration of the agreed term prescribed by the

contract, the land user has to apply for extension at least one year before the expiration of the term.

The application shall be approved except that the tract of land needs to be taken back out of public

interest consideration. When extension is approved, it is necessary to re-sign a contract for the use

of the land and pay fees accordingly for the use in accordance with the provisions.

When the agreed term prescribed by the contract for use of the land expires and the land user has

not applied for extension or the application for extension has not been approved in accordance with

the provision of the above paragraph, the right to use the land shall be returned to the State gratis.第二十二条土地使用权出让合同约定的使用年限届满，土地使用者需要继续使用土地的，应当至迟于

届满前一年申请续期，除根据社会公共利益需要收回该幅土地的，应当予以批准。经批准准予续期的，

应当重新签订土地使用权出让合同，依照规定支付土地使用权出让金。

土地使用权出让合同约定的使用年限届满，土地使用者未申请续期或者虽申请续期但依照前款规定未

获批准的，土地使用权由国家无偿收回。

PART II ALLOCATION OF RIGHT TO USE LAND第二节土地使用权划拨

Article 23 The allocation of the right to use land shall mean the hand over of a tract of land by the

people’s governments above the county level for use by a land user in accordance with the law for

compensation, settlement, etc. or gratis.

The right of land use obtained through allocation in accordance with this law, except those

prescribed otherwise by the laws and administrative rules, has no time limit.第二十三条土地使用权划拨，是指县级以上人民政府依法批准，在土地使用者缴纳补偿、安置等费用

后将该幅土地交付其使用，或者将土地使用权无偿交付给土地使用者使用的行为。

依照本法规定以划拨方式取得土地使用权的，除法律、行政法规另有规定外，没有使用期限的限制。

Article 24 The right of land use for construction of the following projects, may be allocated by the

people’s governments above the country level when necessary:

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(1) land used by State organs of for military purpose;

(2) land used for construction of urban infrastructures and public utility;

(3) land used for construction of the State-supported key energy, transport and water conservancy

projects; and

(4)land used for other purpose stipulated by the laws and administrative rules.第二十四条下列建设用地的土地使用权，确属必需的，可以由县级以上人民政府依法批准划拨：

（一）国家机关用地和军事用地；

（二）城市基础设施用地和公益事业用地；

（三）国家重点扶持的能源、交通、水利等项目用地；

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他用地。

CHAPTER III REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT第三章房地产开发

Article 25 Real estate development should be made in strict accordance with the urban developing

plan under an overall planning, rational layout, comprehensive development and balanced

construction of all facilities to achieve an integration of economic, social land environmental effect.第二十五条房地产开发必须严格执行城市规划，按照经济效益、社会效益、环境效益相统一的原则，

实行全面规划、合理布局、综合开发、配套建设。

Article 26 Those who have obtained the right of land use through lease for real estate development

must develop the land in accordance with the use and term as prescribed by the contract for the land

use. When the development has not started one year later than the date for starting the development

as prescribed by the contract, an idle land fee less than 20 percent of the lease fees for land use

may be collected and when the development has not started two years later, the right to use the land

may be taken back without any compensation, except that the delays are caused by force majeure,

the activities of government or governmental departments, or the necessary preparatory work for

starting the development.第二十六条以出让方式取得土地使用权进行房地产开发的，必须按照土地使用权出让合同约定的土地

用途、动工开发期限开发土地。超过出让合同约定的动工开发日期满一年未动工开发的，可以征收相

当于土地使用权出让金百分之二十以下的土地闲置费；满二年未动工开发的，可以无偿收回土地使用

权；但是，因不可抗力或者政府、政府有关部门的行为或者动工开发必需的前期工作造成动工开发迟

延的除外。

Article 27 The design and construction of a real estate development project must comply with the

State relevant standards and norms.

After its completion, a real estate development project must be inspected and accepted before it can

be put into operation.第二十七条房地产开发项目的设计、施工，必须符合国家的有关标准和规范。

房地产开发项目竣工，经验收合格后，方可交付使用。

Article 28 The right to use a land obtained in accordance with the law may be evaluated to be turned

into shares for a joint equity of cooperative real estate venture in accordance with this law, the

relevant laws and administrative decrees.

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第二十八条依法取得的土地使用权，可以依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，作价入股，合资、

合作开发经营房地产。

Article 29 The State adopts preferential tax and other measures to encourage and support real

estate development enterprises to develop and build residential buildings.第二十九条国家采取税收等方面的优惠措施鼓励和扶持房地产开发企业开发建设居民住宅。

Article 30 A real estate development enterprise shall mean an enterprise engaged in development

and operation of real estate for the purpose of profit. The establishment of a real estate development

enterprise shall have the following conditions:

(1) Its own name and organization;

(2) A fixed site for business operations;

(3)The registered capital complying with provisions of the State Council;

(4) Sufficient professionals and technicians; and

(5) Other conditions prescribed by the law and administrative decrees.

To establish a real estate development enterprise, a registration should be made with the

Administration for Industry and Commerce. The Administration for Industry and Commerce shall

handle registration procedures of those which comply with conditions as prescribed by this law and

issue licenses to them; and refuse to handle registration procedures of those which do not comply

with conditions prescribed by this law.

Those which establish a limited liability company or limited stock company to engage in real estate

development and operations shall also execute the relevant provisions of the Corporate Law.

A real estate enterprise shall report for record to a department designated by the people’s

government above county level where the registration department is located within one months after

obtaining the license.第三十条房地产开发企业是以营利为目的，从事房地产开发和经营的企业。设立房地产开发企业，应

当具备下列条件：

（一）有自己的名称和组织机构；

（二）有固定的经营场所；

（三）有符合国务院规定的注册资本；

（四）有足够的专业技术人员；

（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。

设立房地产开发企业，应当向工商行政管理部门申请设立登记。工商行政管理部门对符合本法规定条

件的，应当予以登记，发给营业执照；对不符合本法规定条件的，不予登记。

设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，从事房地产开发经营的，还应当执行公司法的有关规定。

房地产开发企业在领取营业执照后的一个月内，应当到登记机关所在地的县级以上地方人民政府规定

的部门备案。

Article 31 The ratio between the registered capital and the total investment of a real estate enterprise

must comply with the relevant State provisions.

When a real estate enterprise develops a real estate project in phases, the amount of investment in

each phase shall suit the project scale of that phase and, in accordance with the provisions of the

contract for the lease of the right to use land, funds shall be put into construction on schedule.第三十一条房地产开发企业的注册资本与投资总额的比例应当符合国家有关规定。

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房地产开发企业分期开发房地产的，分期投资额应当与项目规模相适应，并按照土地使用权出让合同

的约定，按期投入资金，用于项目建设。

CHAPTER IV TRANSACTIONS OF REAL ESTATE第四章房地产交易

PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS第一节一般规定

Article 32 When a real estate is transferred or mortgaged, the ownership of the building and the right

to use the land occupied by the building are transferred or mortgaged at the same time.第三十二条房地产转让、抵押时，房屋的所有权和该房屋占用范围内的土地使用权同时转让、抵押。

Article 33 The standard land prices, the nominal land prices and the appraised prices of various

buildings shall be determined and published regularly. The specific methods shall be stipulated by

the State Council.第三十三条基准地价、标定地价和各类房屋的重置价格应当定期确定并公布。具体办法由国务院规定。

Article 34 The State institutes a real estate price evaluation system.

The evaluation of price for a real estate follows the principles of being just, fair and public in

accordance with the technological standards and evaluation procedures as stipulated by the State

basing on the standard land price, nominal land price and the appraised prices of various buildings

and referred to the local market prices.第三十四条国家实行房地产价格评估制度。

房地产价格评估，应当遵循公正、公平、公开的原则，按照国家规定的技术标准和评估程序，以基准

地价、标定地价和各类房屋的重置价格为基础，参照当地的市场价格进行评估。

Article 35 The State institutes a report schedule for real estate transacted price.

Owners of real estate right who transfer real estate shall report the real settlement price to the

department designated by the local people’s government above the county level. None shall

conceal a transfer or make untrue report.第三十五条国家实行房地产成交价格申报制度。

房地产权利人转让房地产，应当向县级以上地方人民政府规定的部门如实申报成交价，不得瞒报或者

作不实的申报。

Article 36 When a real estate is transferred or mortgaged, the parties involved shall go through the

title registration procedures in accordance with the provisions of Chapter V of this law.第三十六条房地产转让、抵押，当事人应当依照本法第五章的规定办理权属登记。

PART 2 TRANSFER OF REAL ESTATE第二节房地产转让

Article 37 Transfer of real estate shall mean the move of the ownership of a real estate from the

original owner to another person through sale, donation and other lawful means.

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第三十七条房地产转让，是指房地产权利人通过买卖、赠与或者其他合法方式将其房地产转移给他人

的行为。

Article 38 Real estate with following conditions shall not be transferred:

(1) The acquirement of the right of land use through lease does not comply with conditions as

prescribed in Article 39 of this law;

(2) The title to the real estate has been sealed up or restricted in any form upon ruling or deciding of

judicial authorities or administrative departments in accordance with the law;

(3) The right of land use has been taken back in accordance with the law;

(4) Without a written consent of other owners as under joint ownership;

(5) There are disputes on the title;

(6) Those which have not been registered and obtained title certificates in accordance with the law;

and

(7) Other condition that the transfer is forbidden according to the law or administrative rules.第三十八条下列房地产，不得转让：

（一）以出让方式取得土地使用权的，不符合本法第三十九条规定的条件的；

（二）司法机关和行政机关依法裁定、决定查封或者以其他形式限制房地产权利的；

（三）依法收回土地使用权的；

（四）共有房地产，未经其他共有人书面同意的；

（五）权属有争议的；

（六）未依法登记领取权属证书的；

（七）法律、行政法规规定禁止转让的其他情形。

Article 39 The transfer of real estate with the right of land use shall comply with the following

conditions:

(1) All the fees in concern with the lease of the right of land use have been paid in accordance with

provisions prescribed by the contract for the lease and the certificate of the right to use the land has

been obtained; and

(2) Investment and development have been done in accordance with the provisions prescribed by

the contract for the lease; for housing construction projects, 25 percent of the total investment has

gone through; for development of large tracts of land, land has been available for the construction of

industrial or other projects.

When a real estate is transferred with a finished building, title certificate for the building is also

needed.第三十九条以出让方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产时，应当符合下列条件：

（一）按照出让合同约定已经支付全部土地使用权出让金，并取得土地使用权证书；

（二）按照出让合同约定进行投资开发，属于房屋建设工程的，完成开发投资总额的百分之二十五以

上，属于成片开发土地的，形成工业用地或者其他建设用地条件。

转让房地产时房屋已经建成的，还应当持有房屋所有权证书。

Article 40 When transfer of a real estate with the right of land use being obtained through allocation,

an application should be submitted to an empowered people’s government for approval, in

accordance with the provisions of the State Council government. After the approval by a related

people’s government, the transferee shall go through the procedures for transfer of the right of land

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use and pay lease fees for land use in accordance with the relevant State provisions.

If the related people’s government refuses to carry out the procedures of the transfer of right of land

use in accordance with the provisions of the State Council, the transferor shall, in accordance with

the provisions of the State Council, hand over the income for transfer of the land arising form the

transfer of real estate to the State or handle them otherwise.第四十条以划拨方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产时，应当按照国务院规定，报有批准权的人民政

府审批。有批准权的人民政府准予转让的，应当由受让方办理土地使用权出让手续，并依照国家有关

规定缴纳土地使用权出让金。

以划拨方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产报批时，有批准权的人民政府按照国务院规定决定可以不

办理土地使用权出让手续的，转让方应当按照国务院规定将转让房地产所获收益中的土地收益上缴国

家或者作其他处理。

Article 41 A written contract must be signed in real estate transfer, and the contract shall carry the

clause on the form of obtaining the right of land use.第四十一条房地产转让，应当签订书面转让合同，合同中应当载明土地使用权取得的方式。

Article 42 When a real estate is transferred, the rights and obligations carried in the contract for the

lease of the right of land use are transferred accordingly.第四十二条房地产转让时，土地使用权出让合同载明的权利、义务随之转移。

Article 43 When transfer of a real estate with the right of land use obtained through lease, the term of

the right to use the land is the remaining time of the term prescribed by the original contract after

deducting the time that the land has been actually used by the original land user.第四十三条以出让方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产后，其土地使用权的使用年限为原土地使用权

出让合同约定的使用年限减去原土地使用者已经使用年限后的剩余年限。

Article 44 After the transfer of a real estate with the right of land use obtained through lease, if the

transferee wants to change the use of the land prescribed by the original contract for the lease of the

right of land use a consent must be acquired from the transferor and the urban planning department

of the city county people’s government with an agreement signed on revision of the contract or a

signing of a contract with an adjustment of the lease fees of the right of land use.第四十四条以出让方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产后，受让人改变原土地使用权出让合同约定的

土地用途的，必须取得原出让方和市、县人民政府城市规划行政主管部门的同意，签订土地使用权出

让合同变更协议或者重新签订土地使用权出让合同，相应调整土地使用权出让金。

Article 45 An advanced sale of commodity houses must meet the following conditions:

(1) All the lease fees of the right of land use have been paid and a land use certificate has been

obtained;

(2) A construction planning permit has been held;

(3) Funds put for construction of the houses for advanced sale have exceeded 25 percent of the total

budgetary investment for the project and the construction schedule and date of completion of the

project have been set; and

(4) An advance sales registration has been made with the real estate administration of the people’s

government above the county level and a permit of advance sales of commodities house has been

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obtained.

The advance seller of the commodity houses shall, in accordance with the relevant State provisions,

report the advance sales contracts for record to real estate administration and land administration

departments of the people’s government above the county level.

The funds derived from advance sales of commodity houses must be used in construction of the

relevant projects.第四十五条商品房预售，应当符合下列条件：

（一）已交付全部土地使用权出让金，取得土地使用权证书；

（二）持有建设工程规划许可证；

（三）按提供预售的商品房计算，投入开发建设的资金达到工程建设总投资的百分之二十五以上，并

已经确定施工进度和竣工交付日期；

（四）向县级以上人民政府房产管理部门办理预售登记，取得商品房预售许可证明。

商品房预售人应当按照国家有关规定将预售合同报县级以上人民政府房产管理部门和土地管理部门登

记备案。

商品房预售所得款项，必须用于有关的工程建设。

Article 46 The procedures for the transfer of houses in advance sales by the buyers of the houses

will be stipulated by the State Council.第四十六条商品房预售的，商品房预购人将购买的未竣工的预售商品房再行转让的问题，由国务院规

定。

PART 3 MORTGAGE OF REAL ESTATE第三节房地产抵押

Article 47 Mortgage of real estate shall mean provision of legal real estate in non-transfer mode by

the debtor to mortgagee as guarantee of debt payment. When the debtor fails to carry out the debt

service, the mortgagee has the priority of being paid back first through the auction of the mortgaged

real estate according to law.第四十七条房地产抵押，是指抵押人以其合法的房地产以不转移占有的方式向抵押权人提供债务履行

担保的行为。债务人不履行债务时，抵押权人有权依法以抵押的房地产拍卖所得的价款优先受偿。

Article 48 The title of a housing property plus the right to use the land occupied by the housing

property obtained lawfully may be designated as mortgage right.

The right to use land obtained through lease may be used as a mortgage.第四十八条依法取得的房屋所有权连同该房屋占用范围内的土地使用权，可以设定抵押权。

以出让方式取得的土地使用权，可以设定抵押权。

Article 49 The mortgage of real estate shall be made upon the presentation of the land use

certificate and housing property title certificate.第四十九条房地产抵押，应当凭土地使用权证书、房屋所有权证书办理。

Article 50 In mortgage of real estate, the mortgagor and mortgagee shall sign a written mortgage

contract.第五十条房地产抵押，抵押人和抵押权人应当签订书面抵押合同。

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Article 51 In mortgage of real estate with the right of land use obtained through allocation, the

mortgagor has the priority to be paid first only after a fund equivalent to the lease fees for the right to

use the land has been paid upon an auction of the real estate according to law.第五十一条设定房地产抵押权的土地使用权是以划拨方式取得的，依法拍卖该房地产后，应当从拍卖

所得的价款中缴纳相当于应缴纳的土地使用权出让金的款额后，抵押权人方可优先受偿。

Article 52 After a real estate mortgage contract is signed, the newly added housing property on the

land does not belong to the mortgaged property. When the mortgaged real estate must be

auctioned, the newly added housing property may be auctioned together with the mortgaged

property, but for the fund derived from the auction of the newly added housing property, the

mortgagee has not the priority for first payment.第五十二条房地产抵押合同签订后，土地上新增的房屋不属于抵押财产。需要拍卖该抵押的房地产时，

可以依法将土地上新增的房屋与抵押财产一同拍卖，但对拍卖新增房屋所得，抵押权人无权优先受偿。

PART 4 LEASING OF HOUSES第四节房屋租赁

Article 53 The leasing of houses shall mean ranting of houses with a certain amount of rental paid by

lessees to the lessors.第五十三条房屋租赁，是指房屋所有权人作为出租人将其房屋出租给承租人使用，由承租人向出租人

支付租金的行为。

Article 54 When leasing a house, the lessor and lessee shall sign a written lease contract,

prescribing such provisions as the leasing term, use of the house, rental and repair liabilities, and

other rights and obligations of both parties; and go through registration procedures for record with

the real estate administration department.第五十四条房屋租赁，出租人和承租人应当签订书面租赁合同，约定租赁期限、租赁用途、租赁价格、

修缮责任等条款，以及双方的其他权利和义务，并向房产管理部门登记备案。

Article 55 When leasing a residential house, it is necessary to implement the leasing policy

stipulated by the State and the people’s government of the city where the house is located. When

leasing a house for production or commercial use the two parties for the leasing shall determine the

rental and other terms of lease through consultation.第五十五条住宅用房的租赁，应当执行国家和房屋所在城市人民政府规定的租赁政策。租用房屋从事

生产、经营活动的，由租赁双方协商议定租金和其他租赁条款。

Article 56 When the owner of a house rents out a house built on the State-owned land with the right

to use the land through allocation for a profit, the rental arising from the land shall be handed over to

the State. The specific methods shall be stipulated by the State Council.第五十六条以营利为目的，房屋所有权人将以划拨方式取得使用权的国有土地上建成的房屋出租的，

应当将租金中所含土地收益上缴国家。具体办法由国务院规定。

PART 5 INTERMEDIATE SERVICE AGENCIES第五节中介服务机构

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Article 57 The real estate intermediate service agencies include real estate consultants, real estate

evaluation agencies and real estate brokerages.第五十七条房地产中介服务机构包括房地产咨询机构、房地产价格评估机构、房地产经纪机构等。

Article 58 A real estate intermediate service agency shall meet the following conditions:

(1) It has an own title and organization;

(2) It has a fixed business site;

(3) It has the necessary assets and funds;

(4) It has a sufficient number of professionals; and

(5) It has other conditions stipulated by the laws and administrative rules.

The establishment of a real estate intermediate service agency shall apply to the administration for

industry and commerce for registration and a license before it goes into operation.第五十八条房地产中介服务机构应当具备下列条件：

（一）有自己的名称和组织机构；

（二）有固定的服务场所；

（三）有必要的财产和经费；

（四）有足够数量的专业人员；

（五）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。

设立房地产中介服务机构，应当向工商行政管理部门申请设立登记，领取营业执照后，方可开业。

Article 59 A real estate evaluation person should go through an assessment by a qualification

agency.第五十九条国家实行房地产价格评估人员资格认证制度。

CHAPTER V REGISTRATION OF REAL ESTATE TITLE第五章房地产权属登记管理

Article 60 The State practices the registration and certificate issuances system for the right to use

land and title to a housing property.第六十条国家实行土地使用权和房屋所有权登记发证制度。

Article 61 In the case of the right to use land that is obtained through lease or allocation, it is

necessary to apply for registration with the land administration department of the people’s

government above the county level, and through the verification of the department, the people’s

government at the same level shall issue a land use certificate.

When a building is finished on the land for real estate development with the land use right obtained

in accordance with the law, it is necessary to apply, by presenting the land use certificate, with the

real estate administration department of the people’s government above the county level for

registration, and through a proper verification, the department should issue a real estate title

certificate.

When a real estate is transferred or changed, an application should be made with the real estate

administration department of people’s government above the county level for registration of the

change and upon the modified title certificate, an application should be made with the land

administration department of the people’s government at same level for a change to the right of land

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use. After a verification made by the land administration department of the people’s government at

the same level, the people’s government at the same level shall renew or modify the land use

certificate.

If there are other stipulations by the law, the registration shall be handled in accordance with such

stipulations.第六十一条以出让或者划拨方式取得土地使用权，应当向县级以上地方人民政府土地管理部门申请登

记，经县级以上地方人民政府土地管理部门核实，由同级人民政府颁发土地使用权证书。

在依法取得的房地产开发用地上建成房屋的，应当凭土地使用权证书向县级以上地方人民政府房产管

理部门申请登记，由县级以上地方人民政府房产管理部门核实并颁发房屋所有权证书。

房地产转让或者变更时，应当向县级以上地方人民政府房产管理部门申请房产变更登记，并凭变更后

的房屋所有权证书向同级人民政府土地管理部门申请土地使用权变更登记，经同级人民政府土地管理

部门核实，由同级人民政府更换或者更改土地使用权证书。

法律另有规定的，依照有关法律的规定办理。

Article 62 When a real estate is mortgaged, an application should be made with a department

designated by the people’s government above the county level for registration.

When the right of land use with the title of the building(s) thereon is obtained through a handling of

the mortgaged housing property, a registration of the transfer should be made in accordance with

the stipulations of this chapter.第六十二条房地产抵押时，应当向县级以上地方人民政府规定的部门办理抵押登记。

因处分抵押房地产而取得土地使用权和房屋所有权的，应当依照本章规定办理过户登记。

Article 63 With affirmation of the provincial, autonomous regional or municipal people’s

governments, a kind of title certificate in a unified form should be made and disseminated in a unified

way by a department designated by a people’s government above the county level for unified

administration of real estate and land in accordance with Article 61 of this law, separately record the

verification and change of the building title and the use right of the land on which the building is

located in the real estate certificate.第六十三条经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府确定，县级以上地方人民政府由一个部门统一负责房产管

理和土地管理工作的，可以制作、颁发统一的房地产权证书，依照本法第六十一条的规定，将房屋的

所有权和该房屋占用范围内的土地使用权的确认和变更，分别载入房地产权证书。

CHAPTER VI LEGAL LIABILITIES第六章法律责任

Article 64 In the case of an unauthorized approval for lease or lease out of the right to use a land for

real estate development in violation of Article 11 and Article 12 of this law, the superior authorities or

the relevant department shall impose administrative penalty on the persons responsible.第六十四条违反本法第十一条、第十二条的规定，擅自批准出让或者擅自出让土地使用权用于房地产

开发的，由上级机关或者所在单位给予有关责任人员行政处分。

Article 65 For a violation of Article 30 of this law to engage in real estate development without

authorization and license, the administration of industry and commerce of the people’s government

above the county level shall order a stop of the development, confiscate the illegal income and may

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impose a fine on the conduct thereof.第六十五条违反本法第三十条的规定，未取得营业执照擅自从事房地产开发业务的，由县级以上人民

政府工商行政管理部门责令停止房地产开发业务活动，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。

Article 66 For a violation of Clause 1 of Article 39 of this law to transfer the right of land use, the land

administration department of the people’s government above the county level shall confiscate the

illegal income and may impose a fine on the conduct thereof.第六十六条违反本法第三十九条第一款的规定转让土地使用权的，由县级以上人民政府土地管理部门

没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。

Article 67 For a violation of Clause 1 of Article 40 of this law to transfer real estate, the land

administration department of the people’s government above the county level shall order a payment

of the lease fees of the right to use the land, confiscate the illegal income and may impose a fine on

the conduct thereof.第六十七条违反本法第四十条第一款的规定转让房地产的，由县级以上人民政府土地管理部门责令缴

纳土地使用权出让金，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。

Article 68 For violation of Clause 1 of Article 45 of this law to sell commodity houses in advance, the

real estate administration department of the people’s government above the county level shall order

a stop to the sales, confiscate the illegal income and may impose a fine on the conduct thereof.第六十八条违反本法第四十五条第一款的规定预售商品房的，由县级以上人民政府房产管理部门责令

停止预售活动，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。

Article 69 For a violation of Article 58 of this law to engage in real estate intermediate service without

authorization and license, the administration for industry and commerce of the people’s government

above the county level shall order a stop to the business of the real estate intermediate service,

confiscate the illegal income and may impose a fine on the conduct thereof.第六十九条违反本法第五十八条的规定，未取得营业执照擅自从事房地产中介服务业务的，由县级以

上人民政府工商行政管理部门责令停止房地产中介服务业务活动，没收违法所得，可以并处罚款。

Article 70 For a levy of fee from real estate development enterprises without legal basis, the superior

department shall order a return of the fee that has been paid; when the case is serious, the superior

department or the relevant department shall impose an administrative penalty on the person(s)

directly responsible.第七十条没有法律、法规的依据，向房地产开发企业收费的，上级机关应当责令退回所收取的钱款；

情节严重的，由上级机关或者所在单位给予直接责任人员行政处分。

Article 71 For a negligence of duty or abuse of power, a worker of the real estate administration

department or the land administration department shall be investigated and be affixed with criminal

responsibility in accordance with the law if the case is serious enough to constitute a crime and

subjected to an administrative penalty if the case does not constitute a crime.

For taking the advantage of power to extort other’s wealth or illegally accepting other’s wealth to

seek interest for other person(s), a worker of the real estate administration department of the land

administration department shall be investigated and be affixed with criminal responsibility in

accordance with supplementary provisions on punishment of graft and bribe crimes, if the case is

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serious enough to constitute a crime and subjected to administrative penalty if the case does not

constitute a crime.第七十一条房产管理部门、土地管理部门工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事

责任；不构成犯罪的，给予行政处分。

房产管理部门、土地管理部门工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物，或者非法收受他人财物为

他人谋取利益，构成犯罪的，依照惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定追究刑事责任；不构成犯罪的，给予

行政处分。

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS第七章附则

Article 72 Those who obtain the right to use the State-owned land for real estate development

outside the urban planning area, engage in real estate development and transaction or carry out real

estate administration shall go through or handle the procedures with reference to this law.第七十二条在城市规划区外的国有土地范围内取得房地产开发用地的土地使用权，从事房地产开发、

交易活动以及实施房地产管理，参照本法执行。

Article 73 This law shall come into effect on January 1, 1995.第七十三条本法自1995年1月1日起施行。


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【TitleTitleTitleTitle】ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions onononon thethethethe AdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministration ofofofof UrbanUrbanUrbanUrban RealRealRealReal EstateEstateEstateEstate TransferTransferTransferTransfer(2001(2001(2001(2001 Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)Amendment)[现行有效]【法规标题】城市房地产转让管理规定（２００１修正）[Effective]




Ministry of Construction(dissolved)


发布日

期：

2001-08-15

生效日

期：

1995-09-01

发布部

门：建设部(已撤销)

类别：房地产

Provisions on the Administration of Urban Real Estate Transfer

(Promulgated by Order No.45 of the Ministry of Construction on August 7, 1995 Amended according

to the Decision of the Ministry of Construction on Amending the Provisions on the Administration of

Urban Real Estate Transfer of August 15, 2001)城市房地产转让管理规定

（１９９５年８月７日建设部令第４５号发布

根据《建设部关于修改＜城市房地产转让管理规定＞的决定》修正

２００１年８月１５日以建设部令第９６号发布）

（相关资料: 部门规章2篇地方法规6篇裁判文书39篇相关论文3篇实务指南）

Article 1 In order to strengthen the administration of urban real estate transfer, to maintain the order

of real estate market and to guarantee the lawful rights and interests of the parties to real estate

transfer, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Urban Real Estate Administration

Law of the People’s Republic of China.第一条为了加强对城市房地产转让的管理，维护房地产市场秩序，保障房地产转让当事人的合法权益，

根据《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》，制定本规定。

（相关资料: 相关论文1篇实务指南）

Article 2 Whoever engaged in real estate transfer or the administration of real estate transfer within

the state-owned land of urban planning areas shall observe these Provisions.第二条凡在城市规划区国有土地范围内从事房地产转让，实施房地产转让管理，均应遵守本规定。

（相关资料: 实务指南）

Article 3 The term “real estate transfer” used in these Provisions refers to the acts of the owner of

real estate right to transfer its real estate to others by sales, donation or other legal means.

The “other legal means” used in the preceding paragraph mainly include the following acts:

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1) Establishing an enterprise with the status as a legal person by converting the real estate as

shares, thus changing the ownership of the real estate;

2) One party providing the land use right and the other party or parties providing the funds to develop

and manage the real estate in the form of joint equity venture or contractual cooperative venture,

thus changing the ownership of the real estate;

3) The ownership of real estate being transferred because of the purchase, consolidation or merger

of enterprise;

4) Paying a debt in kind of real estate;

5) Other circumstances provided for by laws and regulations.第三条本规定所称房地产转让，是指房地产权利人通过买卖、赠与或者其他合法方式将其房地产转移

给他人的行为。

前款所称其他合法方式，主要包括下列行为：

（一）以房地产作价入股、与他人成立企业法人，房地产权属发生变更的；

（二）一方提供土地使用权，另一方或者多方提供资金，合资、合作开发经营房地产，而使房地产权

属发生变更的；

（三）因企业被收购、兼并或合并，房地产权属随之转移的；

（四）以房地产抵债的；

（五）法律、法规规定的其他情形。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇实务指南）

Article 4 The administrative department in charge of construction under the State Council shall be

responsible for the centralized administration of the urban real estate transfer of the whole country.

The administrative departments in charge of construction of the people’s departments of the

provinces and autonomous regions shall be responsible for the centralized administration of urban

real estate transfer within their respective administrative areas.

The administrative departments in charge of real estate of the people’s governments of the

municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities and counties (hereinafter referred to as

the departments of real estate administration) shall be responsible for the administration of urban

real estate transfer within their respective administrative areas.第四条国务院建设行政主管部门归口管理全国城市房地产转让工作。

省、自治区人民政府建设行政主管部门归口管理本行政区域内的城市房地产转让工作。

直辖市、市、县人民政府房地产行政主管部门（以下简称房地产管理部门）负责本行政区域内的城市

房地产转让管理工作。


Article 5 When any real estate is transferred, the land ownership and the land use right of the land

occupied by that house shall be transferred at the same time.第五条房地产转让时，房屋所有权和该房屋占用范围内的土地使用权同时转让。


Article 6 Real estate under the following circumstances shall not be transferred:

1) If the land use right is obtained by assignment, but the conditions provided for in Article 10 of

these Provisions are not satisfied;

2) If the judicial organs or administrative organs rule according to law to seizure the real estate or to

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restrict the real estate right by other means;

3) If the land use right has been withdrawn according to law;

4) In case of real estate under joint ownership, if the written approval of other joint owners hasn’t

been obtained;

5) It the ownership is in dispute;

6) If the ownership certificate hasn’t been drawn through registration according to law;

7) Other circumstances under which the real estate is prohibited from transfer provided for by laws

and administrative regulations.第六条下列房地产不得转让：

（一）以出让方式取得土地使用权但不符合本规定第十条规定的条件的；

（二）司法机关和行政机关依法裁定，决定查封或者以其他形式限制房地产权利的；

（三）依法收回土地使用权的；

（四）共有房地产，未经其他共有人书面同意的；

（五）权属有争议的；

（六）未依法登记领取权属证书的；

（七）法律、行政法规规定禁止转让的其他情形。


Article 7 The following procedures shall be followed for real estate transfer:

1) The parties to the real estate transfer shall sign the written transfer contract;

2) The parties to the real estate transfer shall, taking with them the real estate ownership certificate,

the legal certification of the parties, the transfer contract and other relevant documents, apply to the

department of real estate administration of the place where the real estate is located within 90 days

from the signing of the real estate transfer contract, and shall report the dealing price;

3) The department of real estate administration shall examine the relevant documents submitted,

and make a written reply on whether to accept the application or not within 7 days, if no written reply

is made within that period, approval for acceptance is deemed to be granted;

4) The department of real estate administration shall verify the dealing price reported, and shall

make on-spot examination and evaluation of the real estate to be transferred according to needs;

5) The parties to the real estate transfer shall pay the relevant taxes and fees according to the

provisions;

6) The department of real estate administration shall handle the formalities of house ownership

registration, and issue the real estate ownership certificate after verification.第七条房地产转让，应当按照下列程序办理：

（一）房地产转让当事人签订书面转让合同；

（二）房地产转让当事人在房地产转让合同签订后９０日内持房地产权属证书、当事人的合法证明、

转让合同等有关文件向房地产所在地的房地产管理部门提出申请，并申报成交价格；

（三）房地产管理部门对提供的有关文件进行审查，并在７日内作出是否受理申请的书面答复，７日

内未作书面答复的，视为同意受理；

（四）房地产管理部门核实申报的成交价格，并根据需要对转让的房地产进行现场查勘和评估；

（五）房地产转让当事人按照规定缴纳有关税费；

（六）房地产管理部门办理房屋权属登记手续，核发房地产权属证书。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇裁判文书14篇实务指南）

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Article 8 The contract of real estate transfer shall clearly indicate the following main contents:

1) Names or titles, and domiciles of the two parties;

2) Name and serial number of the real estate ownership certificate;

3) Location, acreage and the limits in four directions of the real estate;

4) Land plot number, and the way of obtaining the land use right and the time limit;

5) Use or the nature of use of the real estate;

6) Dealing price and the form of payment;

7) Time of delivery of the real estate for use;

8) Responsibilities for breach of contract;

9) Other matters agreed upon by the two parties.第八条房地产转让合同应当载明下列主要内容：

（一）双方当事人的姓名或者名称、住所；

（二）房地产权属证书名称和编号；

（三）房地产座落位置、面积、四至界限；

（四）土地宗地号、土地使用权取得的方式及年限；

（五）房地产的用途或使用性质；

（六）成交价格及支付方式；

（七）房地产交付使用的时间；

（八）违约责任；

（九）双方约定的其他事项。


Article 9 Where the land use right is obtained through assignment, the rights and obligations clearly

indicated in the contract of land use right assignment shall be transferred with the real estate.第九条以出让方式取得土地使用权的，房地产转让时，土地使用权出让合同载明的权利、义务随之转

移。


Article 10 Where the land use rights is obtained through assignment, the following conditions shall

be satisfied when the real estate is transferred:

1) The fees for the assignment of land use right have been paid in full according to the terms of the

contract of assignment, and the land use right certificate has been obtained;

2) Where investment and development is carried out according to the terms of the contract of

assignment, with respect to house construction projects, not less than 25% of the total project of

development shall be completed; with respect to development of land in plot, the land shall be

developed and constructed according to the planning, the construction of the civil infrastructure and

public facilities such as water supply, drainage, power supply, heat supply, roads and traffic,

communication, etc. shall be completed, and the conditions for industrial use site or other

construction site shall be formed.

If the construction of the house has already been completed when the real estate is transferred, the

owner shall have the house ownership certificate.第十条以出让方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产时，应当符合下列条件：

（一）按照出让合同约定已经支付全部土地使用权出让金，并取得土地使用权证书；

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（二）按照出让合同约定进行投资开发，属于房屋建设工程的，应完成开发投资总额的百分之二十五

以上；属于成片开发土地的，依照规划对土地进行开发建设，完成供排水、供电、供热、道路交通、

通信等市政基础设施、公用设施的建设，达到场地平整，形成工业用地或者其他建设用地条件。

转让房地产时房屋已经建成的，还应当持有房屋所有权证书。


Article 11 Where the land use right is obtained through allocation, the transfer of real estate shall be

reported to the people’s government with the power of approval for examination and approval

according to the provisions of the State Council. If the people’s government with the power of

approval approves the transfer, except under the circumstances prescribed in Article 12 of these

Provisions under which the formalities of the assignment of land use right need not to be gone

through, the assignee shall go through the formalities of the assignment of land use right, and pay

the fees for the assignment of land use right according to the relevant provisions of the State.第十一条以划拨方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产时，按照国务院的规定，报有批准权的人民政府

审批。有批准权的人民政府准予转让的，除符合本规定第十二条所列的可以不办理土地使用权出让手

续的情形外，应当由受让方办理土地使用权出让手续，并依照国家有关规定缴纳土地使用权出让金。


Article 12 Where the land use right is obtained through allocation, when the real estate is

transferred, the formalities of the assignment of land use right need not to be gone through with the

approval of the people’s government under any of the following circumstances, but the land

proceeds among the proceeds obtained from the real estate transfer shall be handed in to the State

or be disposed of by other means. The measures for the payment and disposition of land proceeds

shall be followed according to the provisions of the State Council.

1) If, with the approval of the administrative department in charge of city planning, the land

transferred is used in the construction of the projects prescribed in Article 23 of the Urban Real

Estate Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China;

2) If the private dwelling house is still used as dwelling place after the transfer;

3) If the public-owned dwelling house is sold according to the relevant provisions of housing system

reform of the State Council;

4) If part of the houses on the same land plot is transferred while the land use right may not be

transferred in part;

5) If it is difficult at the present time to determine the use, time limit and other conditions of the

assignment of the land use right of the transferred real estate;

6) If the land use right is not suitable for assignment according to the city planning;

7) Other circumstances under which land use right assignment can’t or need not be adopted for the

present time as prescribed by the people’s governments at the level of county or above. Where the

land proceeds are handed in or disposed of otherwise according to the provisions of the preceding

paragraph, it shall be clearly indicated in the contract of real estate transfer.第十二条以划拨方式取得土地使用权的，转让房地产时，属于下列情形之一的，经有批准权的人民政

府批准，可以不办理土地使用权出让手续，但应当将转让房地产所获收益中的土地收益上缴国家或者

作其他处理。土地收益的缴纳和处理的办法按照国务院规定办理。

（一）经城市规划行政主管部门批准，转让的土地用于建设《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》第

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二十三条规定的项目的；

（二）私有住宅转让后仍用于居住的；

（三）按照国务院住房制度改革有关规定出售公有住宅的；

（四）同一宗土地上部分房屋转让而土地使用权不可分割转让的；

（五）转让的房地产暂时难以确定土地使用权出让用途、年限和其他条件的；

（六）根据城市规划土地使用权不宜出让的；

（七）县级以上人民政府规定暂时无法或不需要采取土地使用权出让方式的其他情形。依照前款规定

缴纳土地收益或作其他处理的，应当在房地产转让合同中注明。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇裁判文书3篇实务指南）

Article 13 Where the real estate transferred is to be retransferred according to the provisions of

Article 12 of these Provisions, if it is needed to go through the formalities of assignment and to make

up the fees for land use right assignment, the land proceeds that have been handed in shall be

deducted.第十三条依照本规定第十二条规定转让的房地产再转让，需要办理出让手续、补交土地使用权出让金

的，应当扣除已经缴纳的土地收益。


Article 14 The State applies the system of report of the dealing price of real estate.

The owners of real estate right shall report the dealing price according to the facts when transferring

the real estate, and may not conceal or make false report.

The reported real estate dealing price shall be taken as the basis of payment of taxes and fees in

real estate transfer. Where the dealing price is obviously below the normal market price, the

evaluated price shall be taken as the basis of payment of taxes and fees.第十四条国家实行房地产成交价格申报制度。

房地产权利人转让房地产，应当如实申报成交价格，不得瞒报或者作不实的申报。

房地产转让应当以申报的房地产成交价格作为缴纳税费的依据。成交价格明显低于正常市场价格的，

以评估价格作为缴纳税费的依据。


Article 15 The advance sale of commercial housing shall be subject to the Measures on the

Administration of Advance Sale of Urban Commercial Housing of the Ministry of Construction.第十五条商品房预售按照建设部《城市商品房预售管理办法》执行。


Article 16 When the departments of real estate administration deal with the real estate transfer, the

charging items and standards shall be approved by the price departments and administrative

departments in charge of construction with the power of approval, and the charging items shall not

be increased or the charging standards be increased without authorization.第十六条房地产管理部门在办理房地产转让时，其收费的项目和标准，必须经有批准权的物价部门和

建设行政主管部门批准，不得擅自增加收费项目和提高收费标准。


Article 17 Those, in violation of the first paragraph of Article 10 and Article 11 of these Provisions,

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failing to go through the formalities of land use right assignment and pay the fees of land use right

assignment shall be punished according to the Urban Real Estate Administration Law of the

People’s Republic of China.第十七条违反本规定第十条第一款和第十一条，未办理土地使用权出让手续，交纳土地使用权出让金

的，按照《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》的规定进行处罚。


Article 18 The functionary of the departments of real estate administration who neglect their duties,

abuse their powers, practice favoritism and frauds, demand and accept bribes shall be given

administrative punishments according to law, and the criminal responsibilities shall be investigated

for if a crime is constituted.第十八条房地产管理部门工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊、索贿受贿的，依法给予行政处分；

构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 19 These Provisions shall be referred to in the implementation of the real estate transfer

within the state-owned land outside the urban planning areas.第十九条在城市规划区外的国有土地范围内进行房地产转让的，参照本规定执行。


Article 20 The administrative departments in charge of construction of the provinces and

autonomous regions, and the administrative departments in charge of real estate of the

municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate detailed rules for

implementation according to these Provisions.第二十条省、自治区人民政府建设行政主管部门、直辖市房地产行政主管部门可以根据本规定制定实

施细则。


Article 21 The power to interpret these Provisions shall remain with the administrative department in

charge of construction under the State Council.第二十一条本规定由国务院建设行政主管部门负责解释。


Article 22 These Provisions shall come into force on September 1, 1995.第二十二条本规定自１９９５年９月１日起施行。



113


【TitleTitleTitleTitle】RegulatoryRegulatoryRegulatoryRegulatory MeasuresMeasuresMeasuresMeasures onononon thethethethe SaleSaleSaleSale ofofofof CommercialCommercialCommercialCommercial HousesHousesHousesHouses[现行有效]【法规标题】商品房销售管理办法[Effective]






发布日

期：

2001-04-04

生效日

期：

2001-06-01

发布部


类别：房地产

Order of the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China (No. 88)

Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial Houses was verified and approved at the 38th

session of the standing committee of the Ministry of Construction on March 14, 2001, and is now

promulgated. It shall take effect on June 1, 2001.

Minister: Yu Zhengsheng

2001-4-4

Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial Houses中华人民共和国建设部令

（第８８号）

（相关资料: 部门规章4篇司法解释1篇地方法规83篇裁判文书177篇相关论文16篇实务指南）

《商品房销售管理办法》已于２００１年３月１４日经建设部第３８次部常委会议审议通过，现予发

布，自２００１年６月１日起施行。

部长俞正声

二００一年四月四日

商品房销售管理办法

Chapter One General Provisions第一章总则

Article 1 These measures are formulated according to Urban Real Estate Administration Law of the

People’s Republic of Chinaand to Regulations on the Administration of Exploitation and Operation of

Urban Real Estate, with a view to standardizing the sale of commercial houses, and to protect the

lawful rights and interests of both parties engaging in commercial house transactions.第一条为了规范商品房销售行为，保障商品房交易双方当事人的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国城

市房地产管理法》、《城市房地产开发经营管理条例》，制定本办法。

Article 2 The sale of commercial houses and the administration thereof shall conform to these

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measures.第二条商品房销售及商品房销售管理应当遵守本办法。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇）

Article 3 The sale of commercial houses includes spot sale and advance sale.

The spot sale in these measures means the act that the real estate exploitation enterprise sells to

the buyer completed commercial houses which have been inspected and accepted as qualified, and

that the buyer pays for it.

The advance sale in these measures refers to the act that the real estate exploitation enterprise sells

in advance to the buyer commercial houses under construction, and that the buyer pays deposit or

price for the house.第三条商品房销售包括商品房现售和商品房预售。

本办法所称商品房现售，是指房地产开发企业将竣工验收合格的商品房出售给买受人，并由买受人支

付房价款的行为。

本办法所称商品房预售，是指房地产开发企业将正在建设中的商品房预先出售给买受人，并由买受人

支付定金或者房价款的行为。

（相关资料: 裁判文书2篇相关论文1篇实务指南）

Article 4 The real estate exploitation enterprise may sell commercial houses all by itself it may

entrust intermediary service organizations to do so.第四条房地产开发企业可以自行销售商品房，也可以委托房地产中介服务机构销售商品房。

Article 5 The construction administrations under the State Council shall have the right to regulate the

sale of commercial houses all over the country.

The construction administrations under the People’s Government of all provinces and autonomous

regions shall have the right to regulate the sale of commercial houses within their own jurisdictions.

The construction administrations and real estate administrations (hereinafter referred to in general

as “real estate exploitation administrations”) under the People’s Government of all counties, cities

and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall have the right to regulate the sale of

commercial houses according to their specific responsibilities and within their own jurisdictions.第五条国务院建设行政主管部门负责全国商品房的销售管理工作。

省、自治区人民政府建设行政主管部门负责本行政区域内商品房的销售管理工作。

直辖市、市、县人民政府建设行政主管部门、房地产行政主管部门（以下统称房地产开发主管部门）

按照职责分工，负责本行政区域内商品房的销售管理工作。（相关资料: 地方法规1篇实务指南）

Chapter Two Conditions for Sale第二章销售条件

Article 6 The advance sale permission system shall be applicable to the advance sale of commercial

houses. The conditions for the advance sale of commercial houses and the procedure for advance

sale permissions shall conform to relevant provisions stipulated in Regulations on the Administration

of Exploitation and Operation of Urban Real Estateand in Regulatory Measures on Advance Sale of

Urban Commercial Houses.第六条商品房预售实行预售许可制度。商品房预售条件及商品房预售许可证明的办理程序，按照《城

115

市房地产开发经营管理条例》和《城市商品房预售管理办法》的有关规定执行。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇相关论文1篇实务指南）

Article 7 Spot sales of commercial houses shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The real estate exploitation enterprise making spot sales shall have a business license of

business entities and a certificate of real estate exploitation;

(2) The enterprise shall obtain a certificate or approval documents of land use;

(3) The enterprise shall have the permission for construction project planning and the permission for

construction;

(4) The commercial houses shall have been completed and been inspected and accepted as

qualified;

(5) The relocation of the original residents shall have been well settled;

(6) The supplementary essential facilities for supplying water, electricity, heating, gas,

communication, etc. shall have been made ready for use, and other supplementary essential

facilities and public facilities shall have been made ready for use, or the schedule of construction and

delivery date of which shall have been specified;

(7) The property management plan shall have been completed.第七条商品房现售，应当符合以下条件：

（一）现售商品房的房地产开发企业应当具有企业法人营业执照和房地产开发企业资质证书；

（二）取得土地使用权证书或者使用土地的批准文件；

（三）持有建设工程规划许可证和施工许可证；

（四）已通过竣工验收；

（五）拆迁安置已经落实；

（六）供水、供电、供热、燃气、通讯等配套基础设施具备交付使用条件，其他配套基础设施和公共

设施具备交付使用条件或者已确定施工进度和交付日期；

（七）物业管理方案已经落实。

（相关资料: 地方法规3篇裁判文书4篇相关论文2篇实务指南）

Article 8 Before making the spot sales of commercial houses, the real estate exploitation enterprise

shall report for record to the real estate exploitation administrations the project manual of real estate

exploitation as well as the relevant identification documents for the qualification of spot sales of

commercial houses.第八条房地产开发企业应当在商品房现售前将房地产开发项目手册及符合商品房现售条件的有关证

明文件报送房地产开发主管部门备案。


Article 9 Where the real estate exploitation enterprise sells commercial houses under hypothecation,

the handling of which shall comply with relevant provisions stipulated in Guarantee Law of the

People’s Republic of China and in Measures on Administration of Hypothecation of Urban Real

Estate.第九条房地产开发企业销售设有抵押权的商品房，其抵押权的处理按照《中华人民共和国担保法》、

《城市房地产抵押管理办法》的有关规定执行。


116

Article 10 Before the contract for commercial house sale is cancelled, the real estate exploitation

enterprise may not resell to others the commercial house taken as the subject matter of the contract.第十条房地产开发企业不得在未解除商品房买卖合同前，将作为合同标的物的商品房再行销售给他

人。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇实务指南）

Article 11 The real estate exploitation enterprise may not sell commercial houses by means of

cost-returned sale or any such means in disguised forms.

The real estate exploitation enterprise may not sell uncompleted commercial houses by the

after-sale lease guarantee or by any such means in disguised forms.第十一条房地产开发企业不得采取返本销售或者变相返本销售的方式销售商品房。

房地产开发企业不得采取售后包租或者变相售后包租的方式销售未竣工商品房。


Article 12 Commercial houses shall be sold by apartment and the apartment may not be sold by its

components.第十二条商品住宅按套销售，不得分割拆零销售。


Article 13 Where the real estate exploitation enterprise has employed the property management

enterprise when selling commercial houses, the buyer shall, at the same time of concluding a

contract for the sale of commercial house, enter into a contract for property management with this

property management enterprise.第十三条商品房销售时，房地产开发企业选聘了物业管理企业的，买受人应当在订立商品房买卖合同

时与房地产开发企业选聘的物业管理企业订立有关物业管理的协议。


Chapter Three Advertisement and Contract第三章广告与合同

Article 14 When advertising for the sale of commercial houses, the real estate exploitation

enterprises and the intermediary service organizations shall conform to relevant provisions enacted

in the Advertisement Law of the People’s Republic of China and in the Interim Rules on

Advertisement for Real Estate. The advertisements shall be truthful, lawful, scientific and accurate.第十四条房地产开发企业、房地产中介服务机构发布商品房销售宣传广告，应当执行《中华人民共和

国广告法》、《房地产广告发布暂行规定》等有关规定，广告内容必须真实、合法、科学、准确。


Article 15 Items explicitly stated in the advertisements and publicity materials for the sale of

commercial houses by the real estate exploitation enterprises and by the intermediary service

organizations shall be agreed upon by the parties in the contract for commercial house sale.第十五条房地产开发企业、房地产中介服务机构发布的商品房销售广告和宣传资料所明示的事项，当

事人应当在商品房买卖合同中约定。


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Article 16 When selling commercial houses, the real estate exploitation enterprise and the buyer

shall conclude a sales contract in written form. The main content of the contract shall be as follows:

(1) title or name and domicile of the parties;

(2) basic conditions of the commercial house;

(3) sales pattern of the commercial house;

(4) way of fixing the price, total price, manner and date of payment;

(5) conditions and date of delivery for use;

(6) promises of decoration and facility standard;

(7) delivery promises of supplementary essential facilities, such as supply of water, electricity,

heating, gas, communication, roads and gardening, and of public facilities, as well as relevant rights,

interests and obligations;

(8) ownership of property right of public supplementary constructions;

(9) handling of the discrepancy of floor space;

(10) relevant matters concerning the property right registration;

(11) methods of dispute resolution;

(12) liabilities for breach of contract; and

(13) other items agreed upon by both parties.第十六条商品房销售时，房地产开发企业和买受人应当订立书面商品房买卖合同。

商品房买卖合同应当明确以下主要内容：

（一）当事人名称或者姓名和住所；

（二）商品房基本状况；

（三）商品房的销售方式；

（四）商品房价款的确定方式及总价款、付款方式、付款时间；

（五）交付使用条件及日期；

（六）装饰、设备标准承诺；

（七）供水、供电、供热、燃气、通讯、道路、绿化等配套基础设施和公共设施的交付承诺和有关权

益、责任；

（八）公共配套建筑的产权归属；

（九）面积差异的处理方式；

（十）办理产权登记有关事宜；

（十一）解决争议的方法；

（十二）违约责任；

（十三）双方约定的其他事项。

（相关资料: 司法解释1篇裁判文书35篇相关论文5篇实务指南）

Article 17 The sales price of commercial houses shall be agreed upon by the parties except as

otherwise stipulated by specific laws and regulations.第十七条商品房销售价格由当事人协商议定，国家另有规定的除外。

Article 18 The sale price of commercial houses may be fixed by apartment (unit), by internal floor

space or by floor space.

The floor space of a commercial apartment consists of the internal floor space and shared public

floor space. The buyer shall have an unattached property right on the part of internal floor space and

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a shared property right on the part of shared public floor space. The buyer shall relatively exercise

rights and perform obligations according to laws and regulations.

Where the sale price of commercial house is fixed on the basis of apartment (unit), or of internal floor

space, the floor space and the shared public floor space shall be indicated in the contract for

commercial house sale.第十八条商品房销售可以按套（单元）计价，也可以按套内建筑面积或者建筑面积计价。

商品房建筑面积由套内建筑面积和分摊的共有建筑面积组成，套内建筑面积部分为独立产权，分摊的

共有建筑面积部分为共有产权，买受人按照法律、法规的规定对其享有权利，承担责任。

按套（单元）计价或者按套内建筑面积计价的，商品房买卖合同中应当注明建筑面积和分摊的共有建

筑面积。


Article 19 Where the price of a spot sale house is fixed on the basis of apartment (unit), the parties

may directly enter into an agreement on the total price in the contract after making field

investigations.

Where the price of an advance-sale house is fixed on the basis of apartment (unit), the real estate

exploitation enterprise shall provide the plan of the house in the contract. The plan shall indicate the

detailed sizes as well as the error range. When delivering the house, if the actual style is consistent

with what is described in the blueprint, and if relevant sizes are within the error range agreed upon,

the total price shall then maintain unchanged; However, if the actual style is inconsistent with what is

described in the blueprint, or if the relevant sizes exceed the error range agreed upon, and there is

no agreement on the methods of settling disputes in the contract, the buyer shall have the right to

return the house or to agree newly on the total price with the real estate exploitation enterprise. If the

buyer chooses to return the house, the liability for breach of contract shall be borne by the real

estate exploitation enterprise.第十九条按套（单元）计价的现售房屋，当事人对现售房屋实地勘察后可以在合同中直接约定总价款。

按套（单元）计价的预售房屋，房地产开发企业应当在合同中附所售房屋的平面图。平面图应当标明

详细尺寸，并约定误差范围。房屋交付时，套型与设计图纸一致，相关尺寸也在约定的误差范围内，

维持总价款不变；套型与设计图纸不一致或者相关尺寸超出约定的误差范围，合同中未约定处理方式

的，买受人可以退房或者与房地产开发企业重新约定总价款。买受人退房的，由房地产开发企业承担

违约责任。


Article 20 Where the sale price of the commercial house is fixed by internal floor space or by floor

space, the parties shall state clearly in the contract how to solve the problems when the space

agreed on in the contract is inconsistent with that recorded in the property right registration.

Where there is no such agreement in the contract, the following principles shall be complied with:

(1) If the absolute value of the rate of space error is no more than 3%, the price shall be fixed

according to the actual space;

(2) If the absolute value of the rate of space error is beyond 3%, the buyer shall have the right to

return the house. Where the buyer decides to return the house, the real estate exploitation

enterprise shall return the money having been paid for the house, as well as the interest of it, to the

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buyer within 30 days from the day on which the buyer claims to return the house. Where the buyer

does not want to return the house, and if the space recorded in the property right registration is

larger than that agreed upon in the contract, the price for the part within the 3% space error rate

(including 3%) shall be complemented by the buyer; and the price for the part exceeding the 3%

space error rate shall be borne by the real estate exploitation enterprise, with the property right of

which goes to the buyer. Where the space recorded in the property right registration is smaller than

that agreed upon in the contract, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall return to the buyer the

price for the part within the 3% space error rate (including 3%), and if the absolute value goes

beyond 3%, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall return twice as much to the buyer the

amount of the price for this part.

space recorded in the property right registration - space agreed on in the contract

the rate of space error = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*100%

space agreed on in the contract

Where it is the change of the layout plan stipulated in article 24 of these measures that results in the

space difference, the parties shall sign a supplementary agreement if they do not cancel the

contract.第二十条按套内建筑面积或者建筑面积计价的，当事人应当在合同中载明合同约定面积与产权登记面

积发生误差的处理方式。

合同未作约定的，按以下原则处理：

（一）面积误差比绝对值在３％以内（含３％）的，据实结算房价款；

（二）面积误差比绝对值超出３％时，买受人有权退房。买受人退房的，房地产开发企业应当在买受

人提出退房之日起３０日内将买受人已付房价款退还给买受人，同时支付已付房价款利息。买受人不

退房的，产权登记面积大于合同约定面积时，面积误差比在３％以内（含３％）部分的房价款由买受

人补足；超出３％部分的房价款由房地产开发企业承担，产权归买受人。产权登记面积小于合同约定

面积时，面积误差比绝对值在３％以内（含３％）部分的房价款由房地产开发企业返还买受人；绝对

值超出３％部分的房价款由房地产开发企业双倍返还买受人。

产权登记面积－合同约定面积

面积误差比＝─────────────×１００％

合同约定面积

因本办法第二十四条规定的规划设计变更造成面积差异，当事人不解除合同的，应当签署补充协议。


Article 21 Where the sale price of commercial house is fixed by floor space, the parties shall agree

on, in the contract, the internal floor space and the shared public floor space; they shall also agree

upon how to solve the problems when internal floor space error occurs while the floor space keeps

unchanged, and when the floor space error and the internal floor space error all occur.第二十一条按建筑面积计价的，当事人应当在合同中约定套内建筑面积和分摊的共有建筑面积，并约

定建筑面积不变而套内建筑面积发生误差以及建筑面积与套内建筑面积均发生误差时的处理方式。


Article 22 Where any commercial houses fail to meet sale conditions, the real estate exploitation

enterprise may neither sell it nor collect any charge as subscription from the buyer.

Where the commercial houses meet the conditions for sale, and if the real estate exploitation

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enterprise collected charges as subscription from the buyer before concluding contract for

commercial house sale, the charges shall be offset against the price during the conclusion of the

contract; Where the parties fail to conclude the contract, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall

return the charges to the buyer. Where the parties agree otherwise, it shall be subject to that

agreement.第二十二条不符合商品房销售条件的，房地产开发企业不得销售商品房，不得向买受人收取任何预订

款性质费用。

符合商品房销售条件的，房地产开发企业在订立商品房买卖合同之前向买受人收取预订款性质费用的，

订立商品房买卖合同时，所收费用应当抵作房价款；当事人未能订立商品房买卖合同的，房地产开发

企业应当向买受人返还所收费用；当事人之间另有约定的，从其约定。


Article 23 Before concluding the contract for commercial house sale, the real estate exploitation

enterprise shall indicate clearly to the buyer the Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial

Houses and the Model Contract for Commercial House Sale; Where an advance sale is done, the

Regulatory Measures on Advance Sale of Urban Commercial Housesshall also be indicated

explicitly.第二十三条房地产开发企业应当在订立商品房买卖合同之前向买受人明示《商品房销售管理办法》和

《商品房买卖合同示范文本》；预售商品房的，还必须明示《城市商品房预售管理办法》。


Article 24 Real estate exploitation enterprises shall construct commercial houses in accordance with

the approved plans and designs. They may not change the plans and designs without authorization

after the commercial houses are sold.

Where the planning administration approves to change the plan, or the design organization agrees

to change the design, which leads to the changes of the structure, style, size or orientation of the

commercial house, or leads to other changes, which affects the house’s quality or function agreed

on by the parties in the contract, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall inform the buyer in

written form within 10 days from the day on which the changes have been decided upon.

The buyer shall have the right to make a written reply on whether or not to return the house within 15

days after receiving the notice. If the buyer fails to do so, it shall be considered that the buyer agrees

on the plan or design change as well as the price change resulted from. If the real estate exploitation

enterprise fails to inform the buyer within the specified time limit, the buyer shall have the right to

return the house; if the buyer decides to return the house, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall

bear the liability for breaching the contract.第二十四条房地产开发企业应当按照批准的规划、设计建设商品房。商品房销售后，房地产开发企业

不得擅自变更规划、设计。

经规划部门批准的规划变更、设计单位同意的设计变更导致商品房的结构型式、户型、空间尺寸、朝

向变化，以及出现合同当事人约定的其他影响商品房质量或者使用功能情形的，房地产开发企业应当

在变更确立之日起１０日内，书面通知买受人。

买受人有权在通知到达之日起１５日内做出是否退房的书面答复。买受人在通知到达之日起１５日内

未作书面答复的，视同接受规划、设计变更以及由此引起的房价款的变更。房地产开发企业未在规定

时限内通知买受人的，买受人有权退房；买受人退房的，由房地产开发企业承担违约责任。

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Chapter Four Sale Agent第四章销售代理

Article 25 Where the real estate exploitation enterprise entrusts an intermediary service organization

to sell commercial houses, the entrusted organization shall be a real estate intermediary service

organization which has been established according to law and which has business license for

industry and commerce.

The real estate exploitation enterprise shall conclude a written commission contract with the

entrusted real estate intermediary service organization. The contract shall indicate the terms of

commission, scope of authority as well as rights and obligations of the principal and the agent.第二十五条房地产开发企业委托中介服务机构销售商品房的，受托机构应当是依法设立并取得工商营

业执照的房地产中介服务机构。

房地产开发企业应当与受托房地产中介服务机构订立书面委托合同，委托合同应当载明委托期限、委

托权限以及委托人和被委托人的权利、义务。


Article 26 When selling the commercial houses, the entrusted real estate intermediary service

organization shall produce relevant certificates of the commercial house and the letter of

authorization.第二十六条受托房地产中介服务机构销售商品房时，应当向买受人出示商品房的有关证明文件和商品

房销售委托书。


Article 27 When selling commercial houses, the entrusted real estate intermediary service

organization shall introduce to the buyer the relevant conditions of the house according to the facts.

It may not act as an agent to sell commercial houses that fail to meet the sale conditions.第二十七条受托房地产中介服务机构销售商品房时，应当如实向买受人介绍所代理销售商品房的有关

情况。

受托房地产中介服务机构不得代理销售不符合销售条件的商品房。


Article 28 When selling commercial houses, the entrusted real estate intermediary service

organization may not collect other charges except for commission.第二十八条受托房地产中介服务机构在代理销售商品房时不得收取佣金以外的其他费用。


Article 29 The service of commercial house sale shall only be provided by persons who have

received professional training.第二十九条商品房销售人员应当经过专业培训，方可从事商品房销售业务。（相关资料: 地方法规1篇裁判文书2篇实务指南）

Chapter Five Delivery第五章交付

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Article 30 Real estate exploitation enterprise shall, according to terms agreed on in the contract,

deliver on schedule to the buyer the commercial house qualified for use. It shall bear liability for

breach of contract if it fails to do so.

Where the delivery of the house needs to be postponed because of force majeure or other reasons

agreed upon by the parties in the contract, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall inform the

buyer of it duly.第三十条房地产开发企业应当按照合同约定，将符合交付使用条件的商品房按期交付给买受人。未能

按期交付的，房地产开发企业应当承担违约责任。

因不可抗力或者当事人在合同中约定的其他原因，需延期交付的，房地产开发企业应当及时告知买受

人。


Article 31 Where the real estate exploitation enterprise sets up the sample house when selling

commercial houses, it shall make out whether or not the house actually delivered is consistent with

the sample house in quality, facility and decoration. If no such illustration is made, the commercial

house actually delivered shall be consistent with the sample house.第三十一条房地产开发企业销售商品房时设置样板房的，应当说明实际交付的商品房质量、设备及装

修与样板房是否一致，未作说明的，实际交付的商品房应当与样板房一致。


Article 32 When selling commercial houses, the real estate exploitation enterprise shall offer the

buyer a Residence Quality Guarantee and a Residence User’s Manual according to the Rules on

Implementing the System of Quality Guarantee and Residence User’s Manual in Commercial

Residence (hereinafter referred to as Rules).第三十二条销售商品住宅时，房地产开发企业应当根据《商品住宅实行质量保证书和住宅使用说明书

制度的规定》（以下简称《规定》），向买受人提供《住宅质量保证书》、《住宅使用说明书》。

（相关资料: 相关论文1篇实务指南）

Article 33 The real estate exploitation enterprise shall guarantee the repair of the house sold to the

buyer. The parties shall agree on, in the contract, the scope, period, responsibility of the guarantee

and so on. The period of guarantee shall be calculated from the day of delivery.

The guarantee period of commercial residences shall not be shorter than the period of continued

existence of the guarantee period agreed on in the Quality Guarantee produced to the tenderee by

the construction project contractor; If the period of continued existence is shorter than the minimum

guarantee period stipulated in the Rules, the guarantee period shall not be shorter than that

minimum period.

The guarantee period of non-residence commercial houses shall not be shorter than the period of

continued existence of the guarantee period agreed on in the Quality Guarantee produced to the

tenderee by the construction project contractor.

The real estate exploitation enterprise shall be obligated to keep the house in good repair and be

liable for losses resulted therefrom and if such quality problems occur within the guarantee period

and fall into the guarantee scope. The real estate exploitation enterprise shall not bear

responsibilities if the damages result from force majeure or from improper use by the buyer.

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第三十三条房地产开发企业应当对所售商品房承担质量保修责任。当事人应当在合同中就保修范围、

保修期限、保修责任等内容做出约定。保修期从交付之日起计算。

商品住宅的保修期限不得低于建设工程承包单位向建设单位出具的质量保修书约定保修期的存续期；

存续期少于《规定》中确定的最低保修期限的，保修期不得低于《规定》中确定的最低保修期限。

非住宅商品房的保修期限不得低于建设工程承包单位向建设单位出具的质量保修书约定保修期的存续

期。

在保修期限内发生的属于保修范围的质量问题，房地产开发企业应当履行保修义务，并对造成的损失

承担赔偿责任。因不可抗力或者使用不当造成的损坏，房地产开发企业不承担责任。


Article 34 The real estate exploitation enterprise shall, before delivering the commercial houses,

entrust entities with qualifications for real estate surveying and mapping to survey and map the

houses in terms of items. The result of the surveying and mapping shall be used in the house

property right registration after being reported to the real estate administration for verification and

approval.

The real estate exploitation enterprise shall submit materials for the house property right registration

to the real estate administration of the place where the house is located within 60 days from the day

of delivery.

The real estate exploitation enterprise shall assist the buyer to go through procedure of land-use

right change and of house property right registration.第三十四条房地产开发企业应当在商品房交付使用前按项目委托具有房产测绘资格的单位实施测绘，

测绘成果报房地产行政主管部门审核后用于房屋权属登记。

房地产开发企业应当在商品房交付使用之日起６０日内，将需要由其提供的办理房屋权属登记的资料

报送房屋所在地房地产行政主管部门。

房地产开发企业应当协助商品房买受人办理土地使用权变更和房屋所有权登记手续。


Article 35 Where the buyer claims that the major structure of the commercial house is in poor quality

after the delivery, it may entrust the project quality detection organization to detect over again the

quality of the major structure. If the major structure is indeed in poor quality, the buyer shall have the

right to return the house; the real estate exploitation enterprise shall be liable for the buyer’s losses

resulted in according to law.第三十五条商品房交付使用后，买受人认为主体结构质量不合格的，可以依照有关规定委托工程质量

检测机构重新核验。经核验，确属主体结构质量不合格的，买受人有权退房；给买受人造成损失的，

房地产开发企业应当依法承担赔偿责任。


Chapter Six Legal Liability第六章法律责任

Article 36 Any enterprise that sells commercial houses without a business license shall be punished

by the industry and commerce administrations under People’s Government above the county level

according to provisions stipulated in the Regulations on the Administration of Exploitation and

Operation of Urban Real Estate.

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第三十六条未取得营业执照，擅自销售商品房的，由县级以上人民政府工商行政管理部门依照《城市

房地产开发经营管理条例》的规定处罚。


Article 37 Where any enterprise sells commercial houses without a certificate of real estate

exploitation, it shall be ordered to cease the sale and be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not

more than 100,000 yuan.第三十七条未取得房地产开发企业资质证书，擅自销售商品房的，责令停止销售活动，处５万元以上

１０万元以下的罚款。

（相关资料: 地方法规3篇）

Article 38 If any enterprise, in violation of provisions of laws and regulations, makes the advance

sale of commercial houses without authorization, it shall be ordered to cease the illegal acts, and the

illegal gains shall be confiscated; if it is paid by way of subscription, it shall also be fined not more

than 1% of the subscription collected.第三十八条违反法律、法规规定，擅自预售商品房的，责令停止违法行为，没收违法所得；收取预付

款的，可以并处已收取的预付款１％以下的罚款。

（相关资料: 地方法规3篇相关论文1篇）

Article 39 Any enterprise that, before the contract is cancelled, resells to others the commercial

house taken as subject matter of the contract shall be given a disciplinary warning and be ordered to

take remedial measures within specified time limit, and a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not

more than 30,000 yuan shall be imposed on it. If the offense constitutes a crime, criminal liability

shall be investigated according to law.第三十九条在未解除商品房买卖合同前，将作为合同标的物的商品房再行销售给他人的，处以警告，

责令限期改正，并处２万元以上３万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 40 Where a real estate exploitation enterprise delivers for use the commercial houses that

have not been inspected and accepted after being finished or have failed to pass the inspection or

are disqualified but still pass the inspection by illegal means, it shall be punished according to

provisions stipulated in the Regulations on the Quality Control of Construction Projects.第四十条房地产开发企业将未组织竣工验收、验收不合格或者对不合格按合格验收的商品房擅自交付

使用的，按照《建设工程质量管理条例》的规定处罚。


Article 41 If a real estate exploitation enterprise fails to submit to the real estate administration the

result of surveying and mapping or the materials for the house property right registration which need

to be provided by it, it shall be given a disciplinary warning and be ordered to take remedial

measures within specified time limit, and it may also be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more

than 30,000 yuan.第四十一条房地产开发企业未按规定将测绘成果或者需要由其提供的办理房屋权属登记的资料报送

房地产行政主管部门的，处以警告，责令限期改正，并可处以２万元以上３万元以下罚款。


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Article 42 The real estate exploitation enterprise shall be given a disciplinary warning and be ordered

to take remedial measures and may also be imposed on a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not

more than 30,000 yuan if it engages in any of the following activities when selling commercial

houses:

(1) failing to make spot sale of commercial houses according to the spot sale conditions;

(2) failing to report for record to the real estate exploitation administrations the project manual of real

estate exploitation as well as the relevant identification documents for the qualification of spot sale of

commercial houses, before making the spot sale of commercial houses;

(3) selling commercial houses by means of cost-returned sale or by any such means in disguised

forms;

(4) selling unfinished commercial houses by means of after-sale lease guarantee or by any such

acts in disguised forms;

(5) selling commercial houses by their components in stead of by apartment;

(6) collecting charges as subscription from the buyer while failing to meet sale conditions of the

commercial houses;

(7) failing to indicate explicitly to the buyer the Regulatory Measures on the Sale of Commercial

Houses, the Model Contract for Commercial House Sale and the Regulatory Measures on Advance

Sale of Urban Commercial Houses;

(8) entrusting organizations without qualifications to sell commercial houses.第四十二条房地产开发企业在销售商品房中有下列行为之一的，处以警告，责令限期改正，并可处以

１万元以上３万元以下罚款。

（一）未按照规定的现售条件现售商品房的；

（二）未按照规定在商品房现售前将房地产开发项目手册及符合商品房现售条件的有关证明文件报送

房地产开发主管部门备案的；

（三）返本销售或者变相返本销售商品房的；

（四）采取售后包租或者变相售后包租方式销售未竣工商品房的；

（五）分割拆零销售商品住宅的；

（六）不符合商品房销售条件，向买受人收取预订款性质费用的；

（七）未按照规定向买受人明示《商品房销售管理办法》、《商品房买卖合同示范文本》、《城市商

品房预售管理办法》的；

（八）委托没有资格的机构代理销售商品房的。


Article 43 If a real estate intermediary service organization acts as an agent to sell commercial

houses disqualified for sale, it shall be given a disciplinary warning and be ordered to cease the sale,

and may be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan.第四十三条房地产中介服务机构代理销售不符合销售条件的商品房的，处以警告，责令停止销售，并

可处以２万元以上３万元以下罚款。


Article 44 If a state functionary neglects his duties, abuses his power, or engages in irregularities for

favoritism in the management of commercial house sale, he shall be given administrative sanctions

according to law; if the offense constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated according to

126

law.第四十四条国家机关工作人员在商品房销售管理工作中玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊，依法给予行

政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Chapter Seven Supplementary Provisions第七章附则

Article 45 The cost-returned sale in these measures refers to the act that the real estate exploitation

enterprise sells commercial houses by means of returning periodically to the buyer the price for the

house.

The after-sale lease guarantee in these measures means the act that the real estate exploitation

enterprise sells the commercial house by making pledges to be lessee or lease agent of the house

within a certain period after sale.

To sell commercial houses by components in these measures is the act that the real estate

exploitation enterprise sells the commercial house by dividing the whole set of commercial house

into different parts and selling them separately to the buyers.

The floor space in the property right registration in these measures refers to the house floor space

verified and registered by the real estate administrations.第四十五条本办法所称返本销售，是指房地产开发企业以定期向买受人返还购房款的方式销售商品房

的行为。

本办法所称售后包租，是指房地产开发企业以在一定期限内承租或者代为出租买受人所购该企业商品

房的方式销售商品房的行为。

本办法所称分割拆零销售，是指房地产开发企业以将成套的商品住宅分割为数部分分别出售给买受人

的方式销售商品住宅的行为。

本办法所称产权登记面积，是指房地产行政主管部门确认登记的房屋面积。


Article 46 The construction administrations under People’s Government of all provinces,

autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may have the right to

formulate detailed rules for the implementation according to these measures.第四十六条省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门可以根据本办法制定实施细则。

Article 47 The right to interpret these measures shall remain with the construction administration

under the State Council.第四十七条本办法由国务院建设行政主管部门负责解释。

Article 48 These measures shall become effective on June 1, 2001.第四十八条本办法自２００１年６月１日起施行。

c29412--010417wjk

127


128


【TitleTitleTitleTitle】ProceduresProceduresProceduresProcedures forforforfor thethethethe AdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministration ofofofof AdvanceAdvanceAdvanceAdvance SaleSaleSaleSale ofofofof CommodityCommodityCommodityCommodityHousesHousesHousesHouses inininin UrbanUrbanUrbanUrban AreasAreasAreasAreas[已被修订]【法规标题】城市商品房预售管理办法[Revised]






发布日

期：

1995-11-15

生效日

期：

1995-02-17

发布部


类别：房地产

*注：本篇法规已被《建设部关于修改＜城市商品房预售管理办法＞的决定》（发布日期：2001年8月

15日实施日期：2001年8月15日）修改

PROCEDURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF ADVANCE SALE OF COMMODITY HOUSES IN

URBAN AREAS

(Promulgated by Construction Ministry of P.R.C. effected on January 1, 1995)城市商品房预售管理办法

（１９９４年１１月１５日建设部发布）

（相关资料: 部门规章5篇地方法规10篇裁判文书7篇相关论文1篇）

Article 1 The procedures have been formulated according to the Law on Urban Real Estate

Administration of the People’s Republic of China in order to strengthen the administration of the

advance sales of commodity houses and safeguard the legal rights and interests of both sides of the

transactions.第一条为加强商品房预售管理，维护商品房交易双方的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国城市房地产

管理办法》，制定本办法。

Article 2 The advance sale of commodity houses referred to herein means the sales of houses which

are still in construction by real estate developing and managing enterprises (hereinafter referred to

as the developers) to the buyers with advances of the total value of the houses being paid to the

formers.第二条本办法所称商品房预售是指房地产开发经营企业（以下简称开发经营企业）将正在建设中的房

屋预先出售给承购人，由承购人支付定金或房价款的行为。

129

Article 3 The procedures apply to the administration of the advance sales of commodity houses in

urban areas.第三条本办法适用于城市商品房预售的管理。

Article 4 Administrative departments in charge of construction under the State Council shall

supervise the advance sales of the urban commodity houses around the country.

Administrative departments in charge of construction in provinces and autonomous regions shall

supervise the advance sales of commodity houses in their own administrative areas.

Administrative departments in charge of construction or real estate development in cities and

counties (referred to hereinafter as managing departments of real estate) shall supervise the

advance sales of commodity houses in their own administrative areas.第四条国务院建设行政主管部门归口管理全国城市商品房预售管理；省、自治区建设行政主管部门归

口管理本行政区域内城市商品房预售管理；城市、县人民政府建设行政主管部门或房地产行政主管部

门（以下简称房地产管理部门）负责本行政区域内城市商品房预售管理。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇）

Article 5 The advance sales of commodity houses should meet the following requirements:

(1) The total fee for the land use right has been paid and a license for land use right obtained for

building the house;

(2) A license for the construction project has been obtained; and

(3) More than 25% of the total investment to the construction project has already been in place and

the construction schedule as well as the completion and delivery dates set.第五条商品房预售应当符合下列条件：

（一）已交付全部土地使用权出让金，取得土地使用权证书；

（二）持有建设工程规划许可证；

（三）按提供预售的商品房计算，投入开发建设的资金达到工程建设总投资的２５％以上，并已经确

定施工进度和竣工交付日期。

Article 6 A licensing system shall be adopted for the advance sales of commodity houses. In

advance sale of a commodity house, the real estate developer should register with city or county

departments in charge of real estate to obtain a license for the advance sale.第六条商品房预售实行许可证制度、开发经营企业进行商品房预售，应当向城市、县房地产管理部门

办理预售登记，取得《商品房预售许可证》。


Article 7 In applying for licenses for advance sales of commodity houses real estate developers

should provide the following documents (duplicated copies) and data:

(1) Business licenses of the real estate developer;

(2) Certificates of approval to the investment, plan, land use and construction of the developing

project of the real estate concerned.

(3) Construction schedule;

(4) Certificates indicating that more than 25% of the project’s total investment has been already in

place;

(5) A plan for the advance sale of the houses indicating the location, furnishing standards, dates of

130

completion and delivery, total areas for the advanced sale and management of the building’s

facilities after delivery with a schematic plan of the houses to be sold in advance; and

(6) An approved certificate to permit the advance sales to overseas should also be presented if the

houses are to sell to overseas buyers.第七条开发经营企业申请办理《商品房预售许可证》应当提交下列证件（复印件）及资料：

（一）开发经营企业的《营业执照》；

（二）建设项目的投资立项、规划、用地和施工等批文；

（三）工程施工进度计划；

（四）投入开发建设的资金已达建设总投资５０％以上的证明材料；

（五）商品房预售方案。预售方案应当说明商品房的位置、装修标准，交付使用日期，预售总面积、

交付使用后的物业管理等内容，并应当附商品房预售总平面图；

（六）需向境外预售商品房的，应当同时提交允许向境外销售的批准文件。


Article 8 Upon receipt of an application of a real estate developer, departments in charge of real

estate should make a thorough examination on the documents and data and take an on-site survey

of the houses concerned. If all have been found qualified, a license for the advance sale of

commodity houses should be granted within 10 days after receipt of the application.

In case there are sales to overseas buyers, the percentage of such sales should be stated in the

license.第八条房地产管理部门在接到开发经营企业申请后，应当详细查验各项证件和资料，并到现场进行查

勘。经审查合格的，应在接到申请后的１０日内核发《商品房预售许可证》。

需向境外预售的，应当在《商品房预售许可证》上注明外销比例。

Article 9 In advance sales of commodity houses the real estate developers should show the buyers

the licenses for such sales. Advertisements and indications for the sales should indicate the serial

number of the licenses of the sales. Real estate developers without a license for the advance sale of

commodity houses are not allowed to engage in the advance sales of the houses.第九条开发经营企业进行商品房预售，应当向承购人出示《商品房预售许可证》。售楼广告和说明书

必须载明《商品房预售许可证》的批准文号。

未取得《商品房预售许可证》的，不得进行商品房预售。


Article 10 During an advance sale of commodity houses the real estate developer should enter into a

contract with the buyer. With in 30 days after the signing of the advance sale contract, the real estate

developer should present the contract and register with departments in charge of real estate and

land use at the county level or above for the record.

The advance sale of commodity house can be done through agents with written consignments.第十条商品房预售，开发经营企业应当与承购人签订商品房预售合同。预售人应当在签约之日起３０

日内持商品房预售合同向县级以上人民政府房地产管理部门和土地管理部门办理登记备案手续。

商品房的预售可以委托代理人办理，但必须有书面委托书。

（相关资料: 地方法规1篇裁判文书3篇）

Article 11 Proceeds from the advance sale should be used in related construction projects.

131

第十一条开发经营企业进行商品房预售所得的款项必须用于有关的工程建设。


Article 12 Upon delivery of the houses for advance sales, the buyers, with related documents,

should register with departments in charge of real estate and land use at the county level or above

and go through the registration procedures of property rights.第十二条预售的商品房交付使用后，承购人应当及时持有关凭证到县级以上人民政府房地产管理部门

和土地管理部门办理权属登记手续。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇相关论文1篇）

Article 13 Real estate developers with one of the following offenses in their advance sales of

commodity houses will be given a disciplinary warning, ordered to terminate the sales, undergo

application procedures for a license for the advance sale of commodity houses in compliment, to

have the license for the advance sale of commodity houses revoked, and/or to be imposed a fine.

(1) A license for the advance sale of commodity houses has not been obtained in accordance with

this set of administration procedures;

(2) Proceeds from the advance sale of commodity houses are used in undertakings of other

construction projects.

(3) The real estate developer fails to undergo registration procedures in accordance with this set of

administration procedures.第十三条开发经营企业在预售商品房中有下列行为之一的，由房地产管理部门处以警告、责令停止预

售、责令补办手续、吊销《商品房预售许可证》，并可以处罚。

（一）未按本办法办理《商品房预售许可证》的；

（二）挪用商品房预售款项，不用于有关的工程建设的；

（三）未按规定办理备案和登记手续的。


Article 14 Administration departments in charge of construction of the provinces and autonomous

regions and administration departments in charge of construction or real estate in the municipalities

directly under the Central Government can formulate detailed rules and regulations on the advance

sale of commodity houses basing upon this set of administration procedures.第十四条省、自治区建设行政主管部门、直辖市建设行政主管部门或房地产行政主管部门可以根据本

办法制定实施细则。

Article 15 The procedures shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Construction.

The procedures shall come into force as of January 1, 1995.第十五条本办法由建设部负责解释。

本办法自１９９５年１月１日起施行。

132

【TitleTitleTitleTitle】AdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrative MeasuresMeasuresMeasuresMeasures forforforfor CommodityCommodityCommodityCommodity HouseHouseHouseHouse LeasingLeasingLeasingLeasing[现行有效]【法规标题】商品房屋租赁管理办法[Effective]




Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural

Construction


发布日

期：

2010-12-01

生效日

期：

2011-02-01

发布部

门：住房和城乡建设部

类别：房地产

Order of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

(No.6)

The Administrative Measures for Commodity House Leasing, which have been deliberated and

adopted at the 12th executive meeting of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, are

hereby issued, and shall come into force on February 1, 2011.

Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: Jiang Weixin

December 1, 2010

Administrative Measures for Commodity House Leasing住房和城乡建设部令

（第6号）

《商品房屋租赁管理办法》已经第12次部常务会议审议通过，现予发布，自2011年2月1日起施行。

住房和城乡建设部部长姜伟新

2010年12月1日

商品房屋租赁管理办法

Article 1 To strengthen the administration of commodity house leasing, regulate commodity house

leasing, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both parties to commodity house

leasing, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of

China on Urban Real Estate Administration and other relevant laws and regulations.第一条为加强商品房屋租赁管理，规范商品房屋租赁行为，维护商品房屋租赁双方当事人的合法权益，

根据《中华人民共和国城市房地产管理法》等有关法律、法规，制定本办法。

133

Article 2 These Measures shall apply to the leasing of commodity houses on state-owned land in

urban planning areas (hereinafter referred to as “house leasing”) and the supervision and

administration thereof.第二条城市规划区内国有土地上的商品房屋租赁（以下简称房屋租赁）及其监督管理，适用本办法。

Article 3 House leasing shall be conducted under the principles of equality, free will, legality, honesty

and good faith.第三条房屋租赁应当遵循平等、自愿、合法和诚实信用原则。

Article 4 The housing and urban-rural development administrative department of the State Council

shall be responsible for guiding and supervising house leasing across the country.

The construction (real estate) administrative department of the local people’s government at or

above the county level shall be responsible for supervising and administering house leasing within

its administrative region.第四条国务院住房和城乡建设主管部门负责全国房屋租赁的指导和监督工作。

县级以上地方人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门负责本行政区域内房屋租赁的监督管理。

Article 5 The construction (real estate) administrative department of the people’s government of a

municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county shall strengthen the publicity of

the provisions on house leasing administration and knowledge on the safe use of houses, and

periodically publicize the market rents of different types of houses in different areas.第五条直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门应当加强房屋租赁管理规定和房屋使用安全

知识的宣传，定期分区域公布不同类型房屋的市场租金水平等信息。

Article 6 A house falling within any of the following circumstances may not be leased:

1. It is an illegally built house;

2. It fails to conform to the mandatory standards for project construction with respect to safety and

disaster prevention;

3. The original use of the house has been changed in violation of the relevant provisions; or

4. It falls within any other circumstance under which it is prohibited by any law or regulation from

being leased.第六条有下列情形之一的房屋不得出租：

（一）属于违法建筑的；

（二）不符合安全、防灾等工程建设强制性标准的；

（三）违反规定改变房屋使用性质的；

（四）法律、法规规定禁止出租的其他情形。

Article 7 The parties to house leasing shall sign a leasing contract according to law. The contents of

the house leasing contract shall be agreed upon by both parties, which shall generally include:

1. the names and domiciles of the parties to house leasing;

2. the location, area, structure and supporting facilities of the house, and the status of its indoor

facilities including the furniture, home appliances, etc.;

3. the amounts and payment methods of rents and rental deposit;

4. the purpose for leasing the house and the requirements for the use thereof;

134

5. safety performance of the house and its indoor facilities;

6. lease term;

7. the responsibilities for the maintenance of the house;

8. payment of the relevant fees on property services, water, electricity, gas, etc.;

9. methods for resolving disputes and the liability for breach of contract; and

10. other stipulations.

The parties to house leasing shall stipulate in the house leasing contract the methods for handling

requisition or dismantlement of the house.

The construction (real estate) administrative department may, in conjunction with the industrial and

commercial administration, formulate the model text of the house leasing contract available for use

by the parties concerned.第七条房屋租赁当事人应当依法订立租赁合同。房屋租赁合同的内容由当事人双方约定，一般应当包

括以下内容：

（一）房屋租赁当事人的姓名（名称）和住所；

（二）房屋的坐落、面积、结构、附属设施，家具和家电等室内设施状况；

（三）租金和押金数额、支付方式；

（四）租赁用途和房屋使用要求；

（五）房屋和室内设施的安全性能；

（六）租赁期限；

（七）房屋维修责任；

（八）物业服务、水、电、燃气等相关费用的缴纳；

（九）争议解决办法和违约责任；

（十）其他约定。

房屋租赁当事人应当在房屋租赁合同中约定房屋被征收或者拆迁时的处理办法。

建设（房地产）管理部门可以会同工商行政管理部门制定房屋租赁合同示范文本，供当事人选用。

Article 8 Where a house is leased, the originally designed room shall be the minimum unit for

leasing, and the average building area for lease shall not be less than the minimum standard

determined by the local people’s government.

No kitchen, washroom, balcony or underground storage may be leased to the lessee as a dwelling

place.第八条出租住房的，应当以原设计的房间为最小出租单位，人均租住建筑面积不得低于当地人民政府

规定的最低标准。

厨房、卫生间、阳台和地下储藏室不得出租供人员居住。

Article 9 The lessor shall perform the house maintenance obligations and ensure the safety of the

house and its indoor facilities according to the contractual stipulations. If the lessor fails to repair the

damaged house in a timely manner, which affects the lessee’s normal use of the house, it/he shall

assume the compensatory liability or reduce the rents as agreed.

The lessor shall not unilaterally and randomly raise rents within the validity period of the house

leasing contract.第九条出租人应当按照合同约定履行房屋的维修义务并确保房屋和室内设施安全。未及时修复损坏的

房屋，影响承租人正常使用的，应当按照约定承担赔偿责任或者减少租金。

135

房屋租赁合同期内，出租人不得单方面随意提高租金水平。

Article 10 The lessee shall reasonably use the house according to the purpose for leasing the house

and requirements for the use of the house as agreed upon under the contract, and shall not

arbitrarily change the load-bearing structure of the house, dismantle the indoor facilities, or impair

the legitimate rights and interests of any other house owner or user.

Where a lessee damages the leased house or any of its facilities due to improper use, etc., he shall

be responsible for repairing it and assume the compensatory liability.第十条承租人应当按照合同约定的租赁用途和使用要求合理使用房屋，不得擅自改动房屋承重结构和

拆改室内设施，不得损害其他业主和使用人的合法权益。

承租人因使用不当等原因造成承租房屋和设施损坏的，承租人应当负责修复或者承担赔偿责任。

Article 11 To sublease a house, the lessee shall obtain the written approval of the lessor.

Where the lessee subleases the house without the written approval of the lessor, the lessor may

revoke the leasing contract, take back the house, and require the lessee to compensate for its/his

loss.第十一条承租人转租房屋的，应当经出租人书面同意。

承租人未经出租人书面同意转租的，出租人可以解除租赁合同，收回房屋并要求承租人赔偿损失。

Article 12 The original house leasing contract shall remain in force if the house is transferred due to

donation, division, succession or purchase and sale during the lease term.

Where the lessee is deceased during the lease term, the person living in the house together with the

lessee when he is alive may continue leasing it under the original leasing contract.第十二条房屋租赁期间内，因赠与、析产、继承或者买卖转让房屋的，原房屋租赁合同继续有效。

承租人在房屋租赁期间死亡的，与其生前共同居住的人可以按照原租赁合同租赁该房屋。

Article 13 Where the lessor intends to sell the leased house during the lease term, it/he shall notify

the lessee within a reasonable time limit before selling the house, and the lessee shall have the

preemptive right under equal conditions.第十三条房屋租赁期间出租人出售租赁房屋的，应当在出售前合理期限内通知承租人，承租人在同等

条件下有优先购买权。

Article 14 The parties to house leasing shall, within 30 days after the conclusion of the house leasing

contract, handle the house leasing registration and filing formalities at the construction (real estate)

administrative department of the people’s government of the municipality directly under the Central

Government, city or county at the place where the leased house is located.

A party to house leasing may entrust another person to handle lease registration and filing

formalities in writing.第十四条房屋租赁合同订立后三十日内，房屋租赁当事人应当到租赁房屋所在地直辖市、市、县人民

政府建设（房地产）主管部门办理房屋租赁登记备案。

房屋租赁当事人可以书面委托他人办理租赁登记备案。

Article 15 When handling the house leasing registration and filing formalities, the parties to house

leasing shall submit the following materials:

1. house leasing contract;

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2. identity certificates of the parties to house leasing;

3. the house ownership certificate or any other lawful ownership certificate; and

4. other materials prescribed by the construction (real estate) administrative department of the

people’s government of the municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county.

The parties to house leasing shall submit true, legal and effective materials, and shall not conceal

any true fact or provide any false material.第十五条办理房屋租赁登记备案，房屋租赁当事人应当提交下列材料：

（一）房屋租赁合同；

（二）房屋租赁当事人身份证明；

（三）房屋所有权证书或者其他合法权属证明；

（四）直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门规定的其他材料。

房屋租赁当事人提交的材料应当真实、合法、有效，不得隐瞒真实情况或者提供虚假材料。

Article 16 Where the following requirements are met, the construction (real estate) administrative

department of the people’s government of a municipality directly under the Central Government, city

or county shall handle house leasing registration and filing formalities and issue the house leasing

registration and filing certificate to the parties concerned within three workdays.

1. The application materials submitted by the applicant are complete and in the statutory forms;

2. The lessor is consistent with the subject recorded in the house ownership certificate or any other

lawful ownership certificate; and

3. The house is not under any of the lease-prohibition circumstances in Article 6 of these Measures.

Where the application materials submitted by the applicant are not complete or not in the statutory

forms, the construction (real estate) administrative department of the people’s government of the

municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county shall notify the parties to house

leasing of the contents needing supplementation or correction.第十六条对符合下列要求的，直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门应当在三个工作日内

办理房屋租赁登记备案，向租赁当事人开具房屋租赁登记备案证明：

（一）申请人提交的申请材料齐全并且符合法定形式；

（二）出租人与房屋所有权证书或者其他合法权属证明记载的主体一致；

（三）不属于本办法第六条规定不得出租的房屋。

申请人提交的申请材料不齐全或者不符合法定形式的，直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管

部门应当告知房屋租赁当事人需要补正的内容。

Article 17 The house leasing registration and filing certificate shall state the name of the lessor, the

name, type and number of the valid ID certificate of the lessee, the location and uses of the leased

house, amount of rents, lease term, etc.第十七条房屋租赁登记备案证明应当载明出租人的姓名或者名称，承租人的姓名或者名称、有效身份

证件种类和号码，出租房屋的坐落、租赁用途、租金数额、租赁期限等。

Article 18 Where the house leasing registration and filing certificate is lost, the party concerned shall

apply for re-issuance of the certificate to the department which originally registered and filed house

leasing.第十八条房屋租赁登记备案证明遗失的，应当向原登记备案的部门补领。

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Article 19 Where the registered and filed contents on house leasing change, or the leasing contract

is renewed or terminated, the parties concerned shall, within 30 days, handle house leasing

modification, renewal or cancellation formalities with the department which originally registered and

filed house leasing.第十九条房屋租赁登记备案内容发生变化、续租或者租赁终止的，当事人应当在三十日内，到原租赁

登记备案的部门办理房屋租赁登记备案的变更、延续或者注销手续。

Article 20 The construction (real estate) administrative department of a municipality directly under

the Central Government, city or county shall establish a house leasing registration and filing

information system, conduct online registration and filing of house leasing contracts step by step,

and include it in the real estate market information system.

The information recorded in house leasing registration and filing shall include:

1. name and domicile of the lessor;

2. name, and type and number of the ID certificate of the lessee;

3. location and uses of the leased house, amount of rents, lease term; and

4. other contents that need to be recorded.第二十条直辖市、市、县建设（房地产）主管部门应当建立房屋租赁登记备案信息系统，逐步实行房

屋租赁合同网上登记备案，并纳入房地产市场信息系统。

房屋租赁登记备案记载的信息应当包含以下内容：

（一）出租人的姓名（名称）、住所；

（二）承租人的姓名（名称）、身份证件种类和号码；

（三）出租房屋的坐落、租赁用途、租金数额、租赁期限；

（四）其他需要记载的内容。


municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county shall order anyone violating Article

6 of these Measures to make corrections within a prescribed time limit, and if there is no illegal gain,

it may impose a fine of not more than 5,000 yuan; and if there is any illegal gain, it may impose a fine

of one time up to three times the illegal gain, which shall not exceed 30,000 yuan.第二十一条违反本办法第六条规定的，由直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门责令限期

改正，对没有违法所得的，可处以五千元以下罚款；对有违法所得的，可以处以违法所得一倍以上三

倍以下，但不超过三万元的罚款。


municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county shall order anyone violating Article

8 of these Measures to make corrections within a prescribed time limit, and if it/him fails to do so,

may impose a fine of more than 5,000 yuan and less than 30,000 yuan on it/him.第二十二条违反本办法第八条规定的，由直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门责令限期

改正，逾期不改正的，可处以五千元以上三万元以下罚款。


municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county shall order anyone violating

paragraph 1, Article 14 or Article 19 of these Measures to make corrections within a prescribed time

limit, and if an individual fails to do so, may impose a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan on him; and if

138

an entity fails to do so, may impose a fine of more than 1,000 yuan and less than 10,000 yuan on it.第二十三条违反本办法第十四条第一款、第十九条规定的，由直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）

主管部门责令限期改正；个人逾期不改正的，处以一千元以下罚款；单位逾期不改正的，处以一千元

以上一万元以下罚款。

Article 24 Where the construction (real estate) administrative department of the people’s

government of a municipality directly under the Central Government, city or county rejects any

application for house leasing registration and filing which complies with the provisions of these

Measures, or accepts any application for house leasing registration and filing which does not comply

with the provisions of these Measures and handles the registration and filing, or improperly manages

the house leasing registration and filing information, causing any loss to a party to house leasing, the

directly responsible persons in charge and other directly liable persons shall be given disciplinary

actions according to law; and if any crime is constituted, they shall be subject to criminal liability

according to law.第二十四条直辖市、市、县人民政府建设（房地产）主管部门对符合本办法规定的房屋租赁登记备案

申请不予办理，对不符合本办法规定的房屋租赁登记备案申请予以办理，或者对房屋租赁登记备案信

息管理不当，给租赁当事人造成损失的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分；


Article 25 The leasing of social security housing shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the

state.第二十五条保障性住房租赁按照国家有关规定执行。

Article 26 The leasing of houses on state-owned land outside urban planning areas and the

supervision and administration thereof shall be analogically governed by these Measures.第二十六条城市规划区外国有土地上的房屋租赁和监督管理，参照本办法执行。

Article 27 The housing and urban-rural development administrative department of the people’s

government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government

may formulate detailed implementation rules according to these Measures.第二十七条省、自治区、直辖市人民政府住房和城乡建设主管部门可以依据本办法制定实施细则。

Article 28 These Measures shall come into force on February 1, 2011. The Administrative Measures

for Urban House Leasing (Order No.42 of the Ministry of Construction) issued by the Ministry of

Construction on May 9, 1995 shall be abolished simultaneously.第二十八条本办法自2011年2月1日起施行，建设部1995年5月9日发布的《城市房屋租赁管理办法》

（建设部令第42号）同时废止。


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【TitleTitleTitleTitle】TheTheTheThe GuaranteeGuaranteeGuaranteeGuarantee LawLawLawLaw ofofofof thethethethe People'sPeople'sPeople'sPeople's RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina[现行有效]【法规标题】中华人民共和国担保法[Effective]





People's Congress

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Civil Law,Contract

发布日

期：

1995-06-30

生效日

期：

1995-10-01

发布部


类别：民法，合同

THE GUARANTEE LAW OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted by the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress at the Fourteenth

Session on June 30, 1995)中华人民共和国主席令

（第五十号）

《中华人民共和国担保法》已由中华人民共和国第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议于

１９９５年６月３０日通过，现予公布，自１９９５年１０月１日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席江泽民

１９９５年６月３０日

中华人民共和国担保法

（１９９５年６月３０日第八届

全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议通过）

目录

第一章总则

第二章保证

第一节保证和保证人

第二节保证合同和保证方式

第三节保证责任

第三章抵押

第一节抵押和抵押物

第二节抵押合同和抵押物登记

第三节抵押的效力

第四节抵押权的实现

第五节最高额抵押

第四章质押

第一节动产质押

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第二节权利质押

第五章留置

第六章定金

第七章附则

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS第一章总则

Article 1 This law has been formulated to promote the circulation of funds and commodities, ensure

the realization of creditors’ rights and thus advance the development of the socialist market

economy.第一条【立法目的】为促进资金融通和商品流通，保障债权的实现，发展社会主义市场经济，制定本

法。

Article 2 Act of guarantee can be established in accordance with this law whenever creditors require

to safeguard the realization of their rights in such economic activities as debit and credit, selling and

purchasing, commodities transport and contracted processing.

The means of guarantee stipulated by this law are guarantee, mortgage, hypothecation, lien and

deposits.第二条【适用范围及担保方式】在借贷、买卖、货物运输、加工承揽等经济活动中，债权人需要以担

保方式保障其债权实现的，可以依照本法规定设定担保。

本法规定的担保方式为保证、抵押、质押、留置和定金。

Article 3 Acts of guarantee shall be conducted under the principles of equality, voluntariness,

fairness and mutual trust.第三条【担保活动基本原则】担保活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚实信用的原则。

Article 4 In providing guarantee to a creditor for a debtor a third party may demand

counter-guarantee from the debtor.

This law also applies to counter-guarantee.第四条【反担保】第三人为债务人向债权人提供担保时，可以要求债务人提供反担保。

反担保适用本法担保的规定。

Article 5 A guarantee contract should be subordinated to the principal contract. When the principal

contract is nullified, the guarantee contract should also become invalid. Otherwise, should there be

some arrangements stipulated in the guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed

instead.

After the nullification of the guarantee contract, mistakes, if any, of the debtor, guarantor or creditor,

shall be affixed with due civil responsibilities.第五条【担保合同与主合同的关系以及担保合同无效后的法律后果】担保合同是主合同的从合同，主

合同无效，担保合同无效。担保合同另有约定的，按照约定。

担保合同被确认无效后，债务人、担保人、债权人有过错的，应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责

任。

CHAPTER 2 GUARANTEE

141

第二章保证

SECTION 1 GUARANTEE AND GUARANTOR第一节保证和保证人

Article 6 Guarantee referred to in this law means the acts of a guarantor to pay the debts or assume

the responsibility under an agreement between the guarantor and the creditor, in case the debtor

fails to pay the debts,第六条【保证的定义】本法所称保证，是指保证人和债权人约定，当债务人不履行债务时，保证人按

照约定履行债务或者承担责任的行为。

Article 7 Legal persons, other organizations or citizens that have the capacity to pay off debts can

act as guarantors.第七条【保证人的资格和范围】具有代为清偿债务能力的法人、其他组织或者公民，可以作保证人。

Article 8 State organs cannot act as guarantors, except for sub-lending of loans from foreign

governments or international economic organizations.第八条【国家机关作为保证人的禁止与例外】国家机关不得为保证人，但经国务院批准为使用外国政

府或者国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的除外。

Article 9 Schools, kindergartens, hospitals and other institutions or social groups cannot act as

guarantors.第九条【公益法人作为保证人的禁止】学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体不

得为保证人。

Article 10 Branches and functional departments of enterprise legal persons cannot act as

guarantors.

Branches of enterprise legal persons, with the legal person’s written empowerment, can offer

guarantee within the authorized areas.第十条【企业法人分支机构、职能部门作为保证人的禁止与例外】企业法人的分支机构、职能部门不

得为保证人。

企业法人的分支机构有法人书面授权的，可以在授权范围内提供保证。

Article 11 No units or individuals shall force financial institutions such as banks or enterprises to offer

guarantee; banks and other financial institutions and enterprises have the right to refuse forced

demands for guarantees.第十一条【强令提供担保的禁止】任何单位和个人不得强令银行等金融机构或者企业为他人提供保证；

银行等金融机构或者企业对强令其为他人提供保证的行为，有权拒绝。

Article 12 If one debt has more than two guarantors, the guarantors shall share their responsibility of

guarantee in accordance with the arrangements laid down in the guarantee contract. If there are no

arrangements on the share of guarantee responsibility, the guarantors shall assume joint

responsibility and the creditor can demand any one of the guarantors to pay the whole debt; and any

of the guarantors has the obligation to pay the total of the debt. The guarantor who has paid the debt

has the right to seek compensations from the debtor, or demand other guarantors who have joint

142

responsibility to pay their share.第十二条【共同保证】同一债务有两个以上保证人的，保证人应当按照保证合同约定的保证份额，承

担保证责任。没有约定保证份额的，保证人承担连带责任，债权人可以要求任何一个保证人承担全部

保证责任，保证人都负有担保全部债权实现的义务。已经承担保证责任的保证人，有权向债务人追偿，

或者要求承担连带责任的其他保证人清偿其应当承担的份额。

SECTION 2 GUARANTEE CONTRACT AND MODES OF GUARANTEE第二节保证合同和保证方式

Article 13 A guarantor and the creditor shall enter into a written guarantee contract.第十三条【保证合同的订立】保证人与债权人应当以书面形式订立保证合同。

Article 14 A guarantor and the creditor may enter into separate guarantee contracts for a specific

principal contract. They can also make a guarantee contract that sets a maximum amount and

covers several loans contracts during a certain period, or covers certain commodity transactions.第十四条【一时保证与最高额保证】保证人与债权人可以就单个主合同分别订立保证合同，也可以协

议在最高债权额限度内就一定期间连续发生的借款合同或者某项商品交易合同订立一个保证合同。

Article 15 The guarantee contract shall include the following information:

1. The categories and sums of the principal creditor’s rights guaranteed;

2. The deadline for the debtor to pay the debt;

3. The mode of guarantee;

4. The range covered by the guarantee;

5. The duration of the guarantee;

6. Other information deemed necessary by the signatories.

Guarantee contracts that do not fully comply with the requirements set in the previous paragraph

may be revised.第十五条【保证合同的内容】保证合同应当包括以下内容：

（一）被保证的主债权种类、数额；


（三）保证的方式；

（四）保证担保的范围；

（五）保证的期间；

（六）双方认为需要约定的其他事项。

保证合同不完全具备前款规定内容的，可以补正。

Article 16 There are two modalities of guarantee:

1. Ordinary guarantee;

2. Joint responsibility guarantee.第十六条【保证的方式】保证的方式有：

（一）一般保证；

（二）连带责任保证。

Article 17 Ordinary guarantee refers to the arrangement in the guarantee contract that the guarantor

assumes guarantee responsibility when the debtor fails to pay the debt.

143

A guarantor under the arrangements of ordinary guarantee may refuse the creditor’s demand of

assuming guarantee responsibilities before the principal contract undergoes judicial or arbitrary

procedures and that the debtor remains incapable of paying the debt despite mandatory

implementation against his properties.

A guarantor cannot exercise the rights laid down in the previous section in one of the following

occasions:

1. The debtor changes its residence, resulting to major difficulty for the creditor to request the debtor

to pay the debt;

2. The implementation procedure is suspended when the people’s court accept and hear the

debtor’s bankruptcy case;

3. The guarantor gives up the responsibilities laid down in the previous paragraph through means of

a written document.第十七条【一般保证及先诉抗辩权】当事人在保证合同中约定，债务人不能履行债务时，由保证人承

担保证责任的，为一般保证。

一般保证的保证人在主合同纠纷未经审判或者仲裁，并就债务人财产依法强制执行仍不能履行债务前，

对债权人可以拒绝承担保证责任。

有下列情形之一的，保证人不得行使前款规定的权利：

（一）债务人住所变更，致使债权人要求其履行债务发生重大困难的；

（二）人民法院受理债务人破产案件，中止执行程序的；

（三）保证人以书面形式放弃前款规定的权利的。

Article 18 Joint responsibility guarantee refers to the arrangements laid down in the guarantor

contract that the guarantor and the debtor assume joint responsibility over the debts.

When the deadline as set on the principal contract is passed and the debtor with joint guarantee

responsibilities fails to pay the debts, the creditor may demand the debtor to pay the debts or

demand the guarantor to assume guarantee responsibilities within the range set in the contract.第十八条【连带责任保证】当事人在保证合同中约定保证人与债务人对债务承担连带责任的，为连带

责任保证。

连带责任保证的债务人在主合同规定的债务履行期届满没有履行债务的，债权人可以要求债务人履行

债务，也可以要求保证人在其保证范围内承担保证责任。

Article 19 When there is no arrangement or there is unclear arrangement on the modality of

guarantee, the debtor and the guarantor shall assume joint guarantee responsibility.第十九条【保证方式没有约定或约定不明的推定】当事人对保证方式没有约定或者约定不明确的，按

照连带责任保证承担保证责任。

Article 20 A guarantor involved in either ordinary guarantee or joint responsibility guarantee has the

right of counterplea. The guarantor still has the right to counterplea even if the debtor gives up the

right to counterplea.

The right to counterplea refers to the debtor’s right to counter creditor’s right to request according to

statutory particulars of the matter, when the latter exercises its creditors’ rights.第二十条【保证人的一般抗辩权】一般保证和连带责任保证的保证人享有债务人的抗辩权。债务人放

弃对债务的抗辩权的，保证人仍有权抗辩。

抗辩权是指债权人行使债权时，债务人根据法定事由，对抗债权人行使请求权的权利。

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SECTION 3 GUARANTEE RESPONSIBILITIES第三节保证责任

Article 21 The range of guarantee includes the principal debts and their interest, default fine,

damage awards and expense for the realization of the creditors’ rights. Should there be other

arrangements in the guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead.

If there is no arrangement or there is unclear arrangement on the range of guarantee, the guarantor

shall assume full responsibility over the total debts.第二十一条【保证范围】保证担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现债权的费用。

保证合同另有约定的，按照约定。

当事人对保证担保的范围没有约定或者约定不明确的，保证人应当对全部债务承担责任。

Article 22 During the period of the guarantee, when the creditor transfers the principal creditors’

rights to a third party according to legal procedures, the guarantor shall continue to assume

guarantee responsibilities over the range as set under the original guarantee contract. Should there

be other arrangements set in the contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead.第二十二条【债权让与对保证责任的影响】保证期间，债权人依法将主债权转让给第三人的，保证人

在原保证担保的范围内继续承担保证责任。保证合同另有约定的，按照约定。

Article 23 During the duration of the guarantee, when the debtor, with the approval of the creditor,

transfers the debt, the transfer shall require a written approval from the guarantor. The guarantor

assumes no more guarantee responsibilities over debts transferred without its approval.第二十三条【债务承担对保证责任的影响】保证期间，债权人许可债务人转让债务的，应当取得保证

人书面同意，保证人对未经其同意转让的债务，不再承担保证责任。

Article 24 When the creditor and the debtor changes the principal contract, they shall have

beforehand the written approval from the guarantor. The guarantor assumes no more guarantee

responsibilities if the change is made without its approval. If there are other arrangements in the

guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead.第二十四条【债的变更对保证责任的影响】债权人与债务人协议变更主合同的，应当取得保证人书面

同意，未经保证人书面同意的，保证人不再承担保证责任。保证合同另有约定的，按照约定。

Article 25 For ordinary guarantee activities without arrangements on the duration of the guarantee,

the duration shall be six months following the date of the expiration of the principal debts.

During the duration as set in the guarantee contract or that described in the previous paragraph, if

the creditor fails to file litigation or arbitration requests, the guarantor shall be exempt from

guarantee responsibilities; if the creditor has filed litigation or arbitration requests, the duration of

guarantee follows the procedures on suspension prescribed period for litigation.第二十五条【一般保证的保证期间】一般保证的保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的，保证期间为主债

务履行期届满之日起六个月。

在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的保证期间，债权人未对债务人提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，保证人

免除保证责任；债权人已提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，保证期间适用诉讼时效中断的规定。

Article 26 If no arrangements on the duration of guarantee are made between the creditor and the

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guarantor with joint guarantee responsibilities, the creditor has the right to request the guarantor to

assume the guarantor right during the six months since the end of the execution period of the

principal debt.

During the period of the guarantee and the period as stated in the previous paragraph, if the creditor

fails to request the guarantor to assume guarantee responsibilities, the guarantor can be exempt

from guarantee responsibilities.第二十六条【连带责任的保证期间】连带责任保证的保证人与债权人未约定保证期间的，债权人有权

自主债务履行期届满之日起六个月内要求保证人承担保证责任。

在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的保证期间，债权人未要求保证人承担保证责任的，保证人免除保

证责任。

Article 27 If the guarantor guarantees several consecutive debts, as described in Article 14 of the

this law, and there are no arrangements on the duration of guarantee, the guarantor may notify the

creditor of the termination of the guarantor contract through means of a written document at any

time, but the guarantor has to assume guarantee responsibilities over the creditors’ rights incurred

before the time when the creditor receives the written notification.第二十七条【最高额保证的保证期间】保证人依照本法第十四条规定就连续发生的债权作保证，未约

定保证期间的，保证人可以随时书面通知债权人终止保证合同，但保证人对于通知到债权人前所发生

的债权，承担保证责任。

Article 28 If the same creditor’s rights has both guarantee and real security, the guarantor assumes

guarantee responsibilities over the creditor’s right other than guaranteed by real security.

If a creditor gives up the real security, the guarantor will be exempt from the guarantor rights over the

rights that the creditor gives up.第二十八条【保证担保与物的担保并存时保证责任的承担】同一债权既有保证又有物的担保的，保证

人对物的担保以外的债权承担保证责任。

债权人放弃物的担保的，保证人在债权人放弃权利的范围内免除保证责任。

Article 29 If the branches of enterprise legal persons enter into guarantee contracts without the

written empowerment of the enterprise legal person concerned or exceeding the empowerment of

the enterprise legal person, the guarantee contract or those parts of the guarantee contract that

exceed the empowerment shall be nullified. If both the creditor and the enterprise legal person

commit mistakes, they shall assume due civil responsibilities in accordance with their mistakes; if the

creditor makes no mistakes, the enterprise legal person shall assume civil responsibilities.第二十九条【企业法人的分支机构订立的无效保证合同的处理】企业法人的分支机构未经法人书面授

权或者超出授权范围与债权人订立保证合同的，该合同无效或者超出授权范围的部分无效，债权人和

企业法人有过错的，应当根据其过错各自承担相应的民事责任；债权人无过错的，由企业法人承担民

事责任。

Article 30 A guarantor assumes no civil responsibilities in the following two occasions:

1. The parties to the principal contract collaborate to cheat the guarantor into giving guarantees;

2. The creditor of the principal contract, through means such as fraud and coercion, prompts the

guarantor to give guarantee in violation of the true conditions.第三十条【保证责任的免除】有下列情形之一的，保证人不承担民事责任：

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（一）主合同当事人双方串通，骗取保证人提供保证的；

（二）主合同债权人采取欺诈、胁迫等手段，使保证人在违背真实意思的情况下提供保证的。

Article 31 The guarantor, after assuming the guarantee responsibilities, is entitled to seek

recompensation.第三十一条【保证人的追偿权】保证人承担保证责任后，有权向债务人追偿。

Article 32 When a people’s court accepts and listens to the debtor’s bankruptcy case, if the creditor

fails to submit its creditor’s rights, the guarantor may participate in the distribution of the bankrupt

properties and exercise the right of being recompensated in advance.第三十二条【保证人追偿权的预先行使】人民法院受理债务人破产案件后，债权人未申报债权的，保

证人可以参加破产财产分配，预先行使追偿权。

CHAPTER 3 MORTGAGE第三章抵押

SECTION 1 MORTGAGE AND OBJECTS OF PLEDGE第一节抵押和抵押物

Article 33 The mortgage described in this law refers to the act of the debtor, or the third party, who,

without transferring the ownership of the properties as listed in Article 34 of this law, sets those

properties as guarantee to the creditor’s rights. When the debtor fails to pay the debt, the creditor

has the right to get compensation, in accordance with the stipulations of this law, by converting the

properties into money or seek preferential payments from the proceeds from the auction or sales of

the properties concerned.

The debtor or the third party referred to in the previous paragraph is the mortgagor; the creditor is

the mortgagee; and the properties used for guarantee is object of pledge.第三十三条【抵押、抵押人、抵押权人和抵押物】本法所称抵押，是指债务人或者第三人不转移对本

法第三十四条所列财产的占有，将该财产作为债权的担保。债务人不履行债务时，债权人有权依照本

法规定以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押人，债权人为抵押权人，提供担保的财产为抵押物。

Article 34 The following properties can be used as mortgages:

1. The buildings and other fixed objects on the ground owned by the mortgagor;

2. The machines, transport means and other properties owned by the mortgagor;

3. State-owned land use rights, buildings and other fixed objects on the ground that the mortgagor

has the right to dispose of according to law;

4. State-owned machines, transport means and other properties that the mortgagor has the right to

dispose of according to law;

5. Land use rights of barren hills, ravines, shoals and other wastelands the mortgagor legally

contracted, with the approval of the party that issued the contract;

6. Other properties that can be mortgaged according to law.

The mortgagor may at once mortgage all the properties listed in the previous paragraph.第三十四条【抵押财产的范围】下列财产可以抵押：

（一）抵押人所有的房屋和其他地上定着物；

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（二）抵押人所有的机器、交通运输工具和其他财产；

（三）抵押人依法有权处分的国有的土地使用权、房屋和其他地上定着物；

（四）抵押人依法有权处分的国有的机器、交通运输工具和其他财产；

（五）抵押人依法承包并经发包方同意抵押的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等荒地的土地使用权；

（六）依法可以抵押的其他财产。

抵押人可以将前款所列财产一并抵押。

Article 35 The creditor’s rights that the mortgagor mortgaged shall not exceed the value of the

properties mortgaged.

After being mortgaged, the balance of value of the properties that exceeds the creditor’s rights can

be mortgaged for a second time, but the sum of the mortgage shall not exceed the value of the

balance.第三十五条【超额抵押之禁止】抵押人所担保的债权不得超出其抵押物的价值。

财产抵押后，该财产的价值大于所担保债权的余额部分，可以再次抵押，但不得超出其余额部分。

Article 36 If legally-acquired buildings on State-owned lands are mortgaged, the land use rights of

the land occupied by the buildings shall also be mortgaged at the same time.

The land use rights of State-owned lands acquired through means of transfer, when being

mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall also be mortgaged at the same time.

The land use rights per se of the township and village enterprises cannot be mortgaged. When the

buildings of the township and village enterprises are mortgaged, the associated land use rights shall

also be mortgaged at the same time.第三十六条【设定抵押时房屋与土地使用权间的关系】以依法取得的国有土地上的房屋抵押的，该房

屋占用范围内的国有土地使用权同时抵押。

以出让方式取得的国有土地使用权抵押的，应当将抵押时该国有土地上的房屋同时抵押。

乡（镇）、村企业的土地使用权不得单独抵押。以乡（镇）、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的，其占用

范围内的土地使用权同时抵押。

Article 37 The following properties shall not be mortgaged:

1. The ownership of lands;

2. The land use rights of farmlands, house sites, lands and hills allotted for personal needs and other

collective-owned lands except those listed in Section 5 of Article 34 and the third paragraph of Article

36.

3. Educational, medical and other public welfare facilities of schools, kindergartens, hospitals and

other institutions and social groups with the aim of benefiting the public;

4. Properties whose ownership and use rights are unclear or controversial;

5. Properties that are legally confiscated, seized or controlled;

6. Other properties that cannot be mortgaged according to law.第三十七条【不得设定抵押的财产】下列财产不得抵押：

（一）土地所有权：

（二）耕地、宅基地、自留地、自留山等集体所有的土地使用权，但本法第三十四条第（五）项、第

三十六条第三款规定的除外；

（三）学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施和其他

社会公益设施；

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（四）所有权、使用权不明或者有争议的财产；

（五）依法被查封、扣押、监管的财产；

（六）依法不得抵押的其他财产。

SECTION 2 MORTGAGE CONTRACTS AND REGISTRATION OF OBJECTS OF PLEDGE第二节抵押合同和抵押物登记

Article 38 The mortgagor and the mortgagee shall enter into a written mortgage contract.第三十八条【抵押合同的订立】抵押人和抵押权人应当以书面形式订立抵押合同。

Article 39 The mortgage contract shall include the following information:

1. The varieties and sum of the principal creditor’s rights guaranteed;

2. The deadline for the debtor to pay the debt;

3. The description, amount, quality, condition, site, ownership or ownership of use right of the

objects of pledge;

4. The range of mortgage guarantee;

5. Other arrangements deemed necessary by the signatories.

Mortgage contracts that do not fully comply with the requirements set in the previous paragraph may

be revised.第三十九条【抵押合同内容】抵押合同应当包括以下内容：

（一）被担保的主债权种类、数额；


（三）抵押物的名称、数量、质量、状况、所在地、所有权权属或者使用权权属；

（四）抵押担保的范围；

（五）当事人认为需要约定的其他事项。

抵押合同不完全具备前款规定内容的，可以补正。

Article 40 When entering into a mortgage contract, the mortgagee and the mortgagor should not

arrange to transfer the ownership of the objects of pledge to the creditor when the deadline for debt

repayment passes but the mortgagee has not yet repaid the debt.第四十条【抵押合同的禁止】订立抵押合同时，抵押权人和抵押人在合同中不得约定在债务履行期届

满抵押权人未受清偿时，抵押物的所有权转移为债权人所有。

Article 41 The objects of pledge shall be registered when falling into the categories listed in Article

42 and the mortgage contract goes into effect as of the date of registration.第四十一条【抵押物登记及其效力】当事人以本法第四十二条规定的财产抵押的，应当办理抵押物登

记，抵押合同自登记之日起生效。

Article 42 The departments that handle the registration of objects of pledge are as follows:

1. If the right of use of lands with no fix objects on them are mortgaged, the registration shall be

handled by the land administration departments that verify and issue land use right certificates;

2. If urban real estates or buildings of township and village enterprises are mortgaged, the

registration shall be handled by departments designated by local governments above the level of

counties;

3. If forest trees are mortgaged, the registration shall be handled by forestry administration

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departments above the level of counties;

4. If aircrafts, ships and vehicles are mortgaged, the registration shall be handled by departments

registering means of transportation;

5. If equipment and other movable properties are mortgaged, the registration shall be handled by the

local industrial and commercial administration departments.第四十二条【抵押物登记机关】办理抵押物登记的部门如下：

（一）以无地上定着物的土地使用权抵押的，为核发土地使用权证书的土地管理部门；

（二）以城市房地产或者乡（镇）、村企业的厂房等建筑物抵押的，为县级以上地方人民政府规定的

部门；

（三）以林木抵押的，为县级以上林木主管部门；

（四）以航空器、船舶、车辆抵押的，为运输工具的登记部门；

（五）以企业的设备和其他动产抵押的，为财产所在地的工商行政管理部门。

Article 43 If other properties are mortgaged, the parties involved can voluntarily register the objects

of pledge and the mortgage contract goes into effect as of the date of the registration.

If the parties don’t register the objects of pledge, they shall not confront the third parties. When the

parties register the objects of pledge, the registration shall be handled by the local public notary

organs.第四十三条【抵押物的自愿登记】当事人以其他财产抵押的，可以自愿办理抵押物登记，抵押合同自

签订之日起生效。

当事人未办理抵押物登记的，不得对抗第三人。当事人办理抵押物登记的，登记部门为抵押人所在地

的公证部门。

Article 44 In registering the objects of pledge, the following documents or their duplicates shall be

presented:

1. The principal contract and the mortgage contract;

2. Certificates of ownership of right of use of the objects of pledge.第四十四条【办理抵押物登记应提交的文件】办理抵押物登记，应当向登记部门提供下列文件或者其

复印件：

（一）主合同和抵押合同；

（二）抵押物的所有权或者使用权证书。

Article 45 The data in the registration departments shall be allowed to consult, copied or duplicated.第四十五条【抵押登记资料的公开】登记部门登记的资料，应当允许查阅、抄录或者复印。

SECTION 3 THE EFFECTS OF MORTGAGE第三节抵押的效力

Article 46 The range of mortgage guarantee includes the principal creditor’s rights and interest,

default fines, damage awards and the expense for the realization of the mortgage rights. Should

there be other arrangements in the mortgage contract, those arrangements shall be followed

instead.第四十六条【抵押担保的范围】抵押担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金和实现抵押

权的费用。抵押合同另有约定的，按照约定。

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Article 47 When a debtor fails to repay the debt upon the expiration of the deadline of the debt

payment with the result that the people’s court seizes the objects of pledge according to law, the

mortgagee, as of the date of the seizure of the objects of pledge, may collect the natural derivatives

from the objects of pledge as well as the legal derivation that the mortgagor can collect from the

objects of pledge. If the mortgagee fails to notify the legal derivatives’ obligator the seizure of the

objects of pledge, the effects of the mortgage rights will not include the derivatives.

The derivatives described in the previous paragraph shall be first used to compensate the expense

for collecting the derivatives.第四十七条【抵押权对抵押物所生孳息的效力】债务履行期届满，债务人不履行债务致使抵押物被人

民法院依法扣押的，自扣押之日起抵押权人有权收取由抵押物分离的天然孳息以及抵押人就抵押物可

以收取的法定孳息。抵押权人未将扣押抵押物的事实通知应当清偿法定孳息的义务人的，抵押权的效

力不及于该孳息。

前款孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。

Article 48 If a mortgagor mortgages properties that have been leased out, the mortgagor shall notify

the lease of the action with a written statement and the original lease contract continues to be valid.第四十八条【抵押权对抵押物上已存在的租赁权的效力】抵押人将已出租的财产抵押的，应当书面告

知承租人，原租赁合同继续有效。

Article 49 During a mortgage, when the mortgagor has to transfer the registered objects of pledge,

the fact that the properties and mortgaged should be notified to the mortgagee as well as the

transferee; If the mortgagor fails to notify the mortgagee or inform the transferee, the transfer is

invalid.

If the purchase price of the transferred objects of pledge is obviously lower than their current value,

the mortgagee can request the mortgagor to provide corresponding guarantee; If the mortgagor

refuse to provide guarantee, the objects of pledge cannot be transferred.

The money incurred from the transfer of he objects of pledge by the mortgagor shall first be used to

pay the creditor in advance the guaranteed creditor’s rights or to be drawn by the third party as

arranged by the mortgagee. The value exceeding the creditor’s rights belongs to the mortgagor and

the balance due shall be paid off by the debtor.第四十九条【抵押权的效力对抵押物处分权的影响】抵押期间，抵押人转让已办理登记的抵押物的，

应当通知抵押权人并告知受让人转让物已经抵押的情况；抵押人未通知抵押权人或者未告知受让人的，

转让行为无效。

转让抵押物的价款明显低于其价值的，抵押权人可以要求抵押人提供相应的担保；抵押人不提供的，

不得转让抵押物。

抵押人转让抵押物所得的价款，应当向抵押权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与抵押权人约定的第三

人提存。超过债权数额的部分，归抵押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。

Article 50 The mortgage rights cannot be separated from the creditor’s rights and be transferred or

used as guarantee of other creditor’s rights.第五十条【抵押权转移的从属性】抵押权不得与债权分离而单独转让或者作为其他债权的担保。

Article 51 Should the acts of a mortgagor result in a reduction of the value of the objects of pledge,

the mortgagee has the right to request the mortgagor to cease such acts. If the value of the objects

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of pledge are reduced, the mortgagee has the right to request the mortgagor to restore the value of

the objects of pledge, or provide guarantee equal to the reduced values of the objects of pledge.

If the mortgagor is not responsible for the reduction of value of the objects of pledge, the mortgagee

can only seek guarantee within the reimbursement acquired by the mortgagor from the damages.

The parts of the objects of pledge whose values are not reduced shall remain as guarantee of the

creditor’s rights.第五十一条【抵押权人在抵押权受侵害时的权利】抵押人的行为足以使抵押物价值减少的，抵押权人

有权要求抵押人停止其行为。抵押物价值减少时，抵押权人有权要求抵押人恢复抵押物的价值，或者

提供与减少的价值相当的担保。

抵押人对抵押物价值减少无过错的，抵押权人只能在抵押人因损害而得到的赔偿范围内要求提供担保。

抵押物价值未减少的部分，仍作为债权的担保。

Article 52 The mortgage rights and the creditor’s rights guaranteed by the mortgage rights exist at

the same time. When the creditor’s rights perish, so do the mortgage rights.第五十二条【抵押权消灭的从属性】抵押权与其担保的债权同时存在，债权消灭的，抵押权也消灭。

SECTION 4 THE REALIZATION OF MORTGAGE RIGHTS第四节抵押权的实现

Article 53 When the deadline of a debt payment expires, the mortgagee can be paid off, with the

agreement of the mortgagor, by converting the value of objects of pledge into money or by proceeds

acquired through an auction, or sales of the objects; If the mortgagor and the mortgagee fail to reach

an agreement, the mortgagee can file litigation with the people’s court.

If there is a surplus of the money through conversion or the proceed through an auction or sales of

objects of pledge in exceed of the sum of the creditor’s rights, such surplus shall belong to the

mortgagor, and the balance due shall be repaid by the mortgagor.第五十三条【抵押权实现的条件和方式】债务履行期届满抵押权人未受清偿的，可以与抵押人协议以

抵押物折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押物所得的价款受偿；协议不成的，抵押权人可以向人民法院提起

诉讼。

抵押物折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归抵押人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。

Article 54 If the same piece of property is mortgaged to two creditors, the proceeds incurred from the

auction or sell-off of the objects of pledge shall be cleared according to the following stipulations:

1. If the mortgage contracts are registered and effective, the clearing shall be undertaken in

accordance with the order of the registration of the objects of pledge; If the order is the same, the

clearing shall be undertaken in accordance with the proportion of the creditor’s rights.

2. If the mortgage contracts enter into effect as of the dates of the signature, when the objects of

pledge are registered, the clearing shall be undertaken in accordance with procedures as set in part

1 of this article; When the objects of pledge are not registered, the clearing shall be undertaken in

accordance with the order of the first effective day of the contracts (if the first day is the same, the

clearing shall be undertaken in accordance with the proportion of the creditor’s rights). The objects

of pledge registered shall be cleared before those not registered.第五十四条【抵押权的次序】同一财产向两个以上债权人抵押的，拍卖、变卖抵押物所得的价款按照

以下规定清偿：

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（一）抵押合同以登记生效的，按照抵押物登记的先后顺序清偿；顺序相同的，按照债权比例清偿；

（二）抵押合同自签订之日起生效的，该抵押物已登记的，按照本条第（一）项规定清偿；未登记的，

按照合同生效时间的先后顺序清偿，顺序相同的，按照债权比例清偿。抵押物已登记的先于未登记的

受偿。

Article 55 Buildings constructed after the signature of the mortgage contract on the lands of urban

real estates mortgaged are not objects of pledge. When the mortgaged real estate needs to be

auctioned according to law, the newly-constructed buildings can be auctioned together with the

mortgaged objects of pledge, but the mortgagee does not have the mortgaged objects to be paid off

with the proceeds incurred from the auction of the newly-constructed buildings.

If the use rights of contracted wastelands or of the lands occupied by buildings of township and

village enterprises are mortgaged in accordance with this law, the lands’ nature of collective

ownership and the usage of the lands shall not be changed without legal procedures after the

realization of the mortgage rights.第五十五条【房地产抵押权的实现】城市房地产抵押合同签订后，土地上新增的房屋不属于抵押物。

需要拍卖该抵押的房地产时，可以依法将该土地上新增的房屋与抵押物一同拍卖，但对拍卖新增房屋

所得，抵押权人无权优先受偿。

依照本法规定以承包的荒地的土地使用权抵押的，或者以乡（镇）、村企业的厂房等建筑物占用范围

内的土地使用权抵押的，在实现抵押权后，未经法定程序不得改变土地集体所有和土地用途。

Article 56 A mortgagee has the preferential rights to be paid off with the proceeds incurred from the

auction of the land use rights of transferred State-owned lands after paying the corresponding

transfer fee of the land use rights according to law.第五十六条【划拨国有土地使用权后抵押权的实现】拍卖划拨的国有土地使用权所得的价款，在依法

缴纳相当于应缴纳的土地使用权出让金的款额后，抵押权人有优先受偿权。

Article 57 A third party which guarantees the debtor’s mortgages, after the realization of the

mortgage rights by the mortgagee, has the right to seek compensation from the debtor.第五十七条【物上保证人的追偿权】为债务人抵押担保的第三人，在抵押权人实现抵押权后，有权向

债务人追偿。

Article 58 The mortgage rights perish when the objects of pledge perish. The damage awards

incurred from the extermination shall be used as mortgages.第五十八条【抵押物灭失的法律后果】抵押权因抵押物灭失而消灭。因灭失所得的赔偿金，应当作为

抵押财产。

SECTION 5 MAXIMUM MORTGAGE第五节最高额抵押

Article 59 The maximum mortgage in this law refers to an agreement between the mortgagor and the

mortgagee to use objects of pledge to guarantee consecutive creditor’s rights during a set period

within the limit of the maximum of the debts.第五十九条【最高额抵押的定义】本法所称最高额抵押，是指抵押人与抵押权人协议，在最高债权额

限度内，以抵押物对一定期间内连续发生的债权作担保。

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Article 60 The borrowing contract may have a maximum mortgage contract attached.

A contract which is signed to cover consecutive transactions over certain commodities during a set

period between the creditor and the debtor may have a maximum mortgage contract attached.第六十条【最高额抵押适用范围】借款合同可以附最高额抵押合同。

债权人与债务人就某项商品在一定期间内连续发生交易而签订的合同，可以附最高额抵押合同。

Article 61 The creditor’s rights in the principal contract of the maximum mortgage cannot be

transferred.第六十一条【最高额抵押的主债权转让的禁止】最高额抵押的主合同债权不得转让。

Article 62 The stipulations in this section, as well as stipulations in other parts of this chapter, are

applicable to maximum mortgage.第六十二条【最高额抵押的法律适用】最高额抵押除适用本节规定外，适用本章其他规定。

CHAPTER 4 HYPOTHECATION第四章质押

SECTION 1 MOVABLE PROPERTY HYPOTHECATION第一节动产质押

Article 63 The hypothecation in this law refers to the acts of a debtor or a third party to transfer

movable property thereof to the creditor as guarantee of the creditor’s rights. When the debtor fails

to pay off the debts, the creditor has the right, according to the procedures of this law, to convert the

movable property into money, or auction, or sell off the movable property to get paid off preferentially

with the proceeds.

The debtor or the third party described in the previous paragraph is the pledger; the creditor is the

pledgee and the transferred movable property, hypothecated assets.第六十三条【动产质押的定义】本法所称动产质押，是指债务人或者第三人将其动产移交债权人占有，

将该动产作为债权的担保。债务人不履行债务时，债权人有权依照本法规定以该动产折价或者以拍卖、

变卖该动产的价款优先受偿。

前款规定的债务人或者第三人为出质人，债权人为质权人，移交的动产为质物。

Article 64 The pledger and the pledgee shall enter into a written hypothecation contract.

The hypothecation contract goes into effect as of the date of the transfer of the movable property.第六十四条【质押合同的订立及其生效】出质人和质权人应当以书面形式订立质押合同。

质押合同自质物移交于质权人占有时生效。

Article 65 The hypothecation contract shall include the following information:

1. The varieties and sums of the principal creditor’s rights;

2. The deadline for the debtor to pay off the debt;

3. The description, amount, quality and condition of the hypothecated assets;

4. The range of hypothecation guarantee;

5. The time of the transfer of the hypothecated assets;

6. Other items deemed necessary by the signatories of the hypothecation contract.

Hypothecation contracts that do not fully comply with the requirements set in the previous paragraph

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may be revised.第六十五条【质押合同内容】质押合同应当包括以下内容：

（一）被担保的主债权种类、数额；


（三）质物的名称、数量、质量、状况；

（四）质押担保的范围；

（五）质物移交的时间；

（六）当事人认为需要约定的其他事项。

质押合同不完全具备前款规定内容的，可以补正。

Article 66 A pledger and the pledgee, in a hypothecation contract, shall not arrange to transfer the

ownership of the hypothecated assets to the pledgee when the deadline of the debt expires and the

pledgee is not paid off.第六十六条【留质契约的禁止】出质人和质权人在合同中不得约定在债务履行期届满质权人未受清偿

时，质物的所有权转移为质权人所有。

Article 67 The range guaranteed by hypothecation includes the principal creditor’s rights and its

interest, default fines, damage awards, hypothecated assets storage expense and expense for the

realization of hypothecation rights. Should there be other arrangements in the hypothecation

contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead.第六十七条【质押担保的范围】质押担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金、质物保管

费用和实现质权的费用。质押合同另有约定的，按照约定。

Article 68 A pledgee has the right to collect the derivatives of the hypothecated assets. Should there

be other arrangements in the hypothecation contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead.

The derivatives referred to in the previous paragraph shall first be used to compensate the expense

for collecting the derivatives.第六十八条【质物孳息的收取权】质权人有权收取质物所生的孳息。质押合同另有约定的，按照约定。

前款孳息应当先充抵收取孳息的费用。

Article 69 A pledgee has the obligation to properly take care of the hypothecated assets. The

pledgee shall assume civil liabilities for the damage or evanesce of the hypothecated assets resulted

from improper care.

If the pledgee fails to properly take care of the hypothecated assets, which could lead to the damage

or evanesce of the hypothecated assets, the pledger can request the pledgee to withdraw and

deposit the hypothecated assets in advance, or request to pay off the debts and have the

hypothecated assets returned.第六十九条【质物的保管义务】质权人负有妥善保管质物的义务。因保管不善致使质物灭失或者毁损

的，质权人应当承担民事责任。

质权人不能妥善保管质物可能致使其灭失或者毁损的，出质人可以要求质权人将质物提存，或者要求

提前清偿债权而返还质物。

Article 70 If there is the possibility of damaging or reducing the value of the hypothecated assets to a

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damage to the rights of the pledgee, the pledgee can request the pledger to provide corresponding

guarantee. If the pledger refuses to provide guarantee, the pledgee can auction or sell off the

hypothecated assets and use the proceeds, with the agreement of the pledger, to clear off the

guaranteed creditor’s rights or have the proceeds deposited with a third party agreed upon by the

pledgee.第七十条【质权人的物上代位权】质物有损坏或者价值明显减少的可能，足以危害质权人权利的，质

权人可以要求出质人提供相应的担保。出质人不提供的，质权人可以拍卖或者变卖质物，并与出质人

协议将拍卖或者变卖所得的价款用于提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与出质人约定的第三人提存。

Article 71 When the deadline of the creditor’s rights expires and the debtor pays off the debts, or

when the pledger pay off the guaranteed creditor’s rights ahead of the deadline, the pledgee shall

return the hypothecated assets.

Upon the expiration of the deadline of payment, the pledgee can be paid off, with the agreement of

the pledger by converting the hypothecated assets into money or proceeds acquired by auction, or

sell off of the assets.

Should there be surplus of the value of the hypothecated assets after their conversion into money or

being auctioned or sell-off in exceed of the creditor’s rights, the balance shall belong to the pledger,

and the balance due shall be paid by the debtor.第七十一条【质权人返还质物的义务、质权人的优先受偿权及质权的实现】债务履行期届满债务人履

行债务的，或者出质人提前清偿所担保的债权的，质权人应当返还质物。

债务履行期届满质权人未受清偿的，可以与出质人协议以质物折价，也可以依法拍卖、变卖质物。

质物折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归出质人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。

Article 72 The third party who guarantee the hypothecation for the debtor, when the pledgee realizes

the hypothecation rights, can request compensation from the debtor.第七十二条【物上保证人的追偿权】为债务人质押担保的第三人，在质权人实现质权后，有权向债务

人追偿。

Article 73 The hypothecation rights disappears with the evanesce of the hypothecated assets. The

damage awards resulted from the evanesce shall become hypothecated property.第七十三条【质物灭失的法律后果】质权因质物灭失而消灭。因灭失所得的赔偿金，应当作为出质财

产。

Article 74 The hypothecation rights and the creditor’s rights guaranteed by the hypothecation rights

exist at the same time, if the creditor’s rights disappear, so do the hypothecation rights.第七十四条【质权消灭的从属性】质权与其担保的债权同时存在，债权消灭的，质权也消灭。

SECTION 2 RIGHTS OF HYPOTHECATION第二节权利质押

Article 75 The following rights can be used in hypothecation:

1. Money order, check, cashier’s check, securities, deposit receipt, warehouse receipt, bill of lading;

2. Shares and share certificates that are transferable according to law;

3. Exclusive trademark rights, patent rights, property rights of the copyrights;

4. Other rights that can be hypothecated according to law.

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第七十五条【可以质押的权利】下列权利可以质押：

（一）汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单；

（二）依法可以转让的股份、股票；

（三）依法可以转让的商标专用权，专利权、著作权中的财产权；

（四）依法可以质押的其他权利。

Article 76 When money orders, checks, cashier’s checks, securities, deposit receipts, warehouse

receipts and bills of lading are hypothecated, the documents of title shall be handed over to the

pledgee before the deadline as set in the hypothecation contract. The hypothecation contract goes

into effect as of the date of the transfer of the documents of title.第七十六条【证券债权质押的设定】以汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单出质的，应当

在合同约定的期限内将权利凭证交付质权人。质押合同自权利凭证交付之日起生效。

Article 77 When money orders, checks, cashier’s checks, securities, deposit receipts, warehouse

receipts and bills of lading that have redemption or delivery dates are hypothecated, if the

redemption or delivery dates of the checks, cashier’s checks, securities, deposit receipts,

warehouse receipts and bills of lading are ahead of the deadline of the debts fulfilment dates, the

pledgee can redeem or pick up the goods ahead of the filament dates of the debts, and, with the

agreement of the pledger, use the redeemed money or the goods picked up to clear off the

guaranteed creditor’s rights in advance, or, have them withdrawn and deposited with a third party

agreed upon by the pledgee.第七十七条【证券债权质权的效力】以载明兑现或者提货日期的汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、

仓单、提单出质的，汇票、支票、本票、债券、存款单、仓单、提单兑现或者提货日期先于债务履行

期的，质权人可以在债务履行期届满前兑现或者提货，并与出质人协议将兑现的价款或者提取的货物

用于提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与出质人约定的第三人提存。

Article 78 If the share certificates that can be transferred according to law are hypothecated, the

pledger and the pledgee shall enter into a written hypothecation contract and register with securities

registration departments. The hypothecation contract goes into effect as of the date of the

registration.

Shares hypothecated cannot be further transferred, except with the agreement of both the pledger

and the pledgee. The proceeds collected by the pledger in the transfer of the hypothecated shares

shall be used to pay off the guaranteed creditor’s rights in advance or have them withdrawn and

deposited with a third party agreed upon by the pledger.

If the shares of limited liabilities companies are hypothecated, the transaction will be governed by

related provisions under the Company Lawon the transfer of shares. The hypothecation contract

goes into effect as of the date the hypothecated shares are recorded in the stock ledger.第七十八条【股权质权的设定及股权质权的效力】以依法可以转让的股票出质的，出质人与质权人应

当订立书面合同，并向证券登记机构办理出质登记。质押合同自登记之日起生效。

股票出质后，不得转让，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的可以转让。出质人转让股票所得的价款应当

向质权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与质权人约定的第三人提存。

以有限责任公司的股份出质的，适用公司法股份转让的有关规定。质押合同自股份出质记载于股东名

册之日起生效。

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Article 79 If the exclusive trademark rights, patent rights or property rights of the copyrights that are

transferable according to law are hypothecated, the pledger and the pledgee shall enter into a

written hypothecation contract and register with the related administrative departments. The

hypothecation contract goes into effect as of the date of the registration.第七十九条【知识产权质权的设定】以依法可以转让的商标专用权，专利权、著作权中的财产权出质

的，出质人与质权人应当订立书面合同，并向其管理部门办理出质登记。质押合同自登记之日起生效。

Article 80 When the rights described in the Article 79 are hypothecated, the pledger cannot further

transfer or allow others to use the rights hypothecated, except with the agreement between the

pledger and the pledgee. The transfer fee and license fee acquired by the pledger shall be used to

pay off the guaranteed creditors rights in advance, or have them withdrawn and deposited with a

third party agreed upon by the pledgee.第八十条【知识产权质权的效力】本法第七十九条规定的权利出质后，出质人不得转让或者许可他人

使用，但经出质人与质权人协商同意的可以转让或者许可他人使用。出质人所得的转让费、许可费应

当向质权人提前清偿所担保的债权或者向与质权人约定的第三人提存。

Article 81 Rights hypothecation is also governed by the provisions in Section of Chapter 1 of this

law, besides the provisions in this section.第八十一条【权利质押的法律适用】权利质押除适用本节规定外，适用本章第一节的规定。

CHARTER 5 LIEN第五章留置

Article 82 The lien described in the law refers to the acts of the creditor, in line with the provisions in

Article 84 of this law, to own the debtor’s movable property in accordance with the arrangements of

the contract and if the debtor fails to pay the debts before the agreed deadline, the creditor has the

right to take lieu of the property and convert it into money, or auction or sell off the property, and use

the proceeds to be paid off preferentially according to provisions of this law.第八十二条【留置与留置权】本法所称留置，是指依照本法第八十四条的规定，债权人按照合同约定

占有债务人的动产，债务人不按照合同约定的期限履行债务的，债权人有权依照本法规定留置该财产，

以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该财产的价款优先受偿。

Article 83 The range of lien guarantee includes the principal debts and their interest, default fines,

damage awards, storage expense of the lined property and the expense for the realization of the lien

rights.第八十三条【留置担保的范围】留置担保的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害赔偿金，留置物保

管费用和实现留置权的费用。

Article 84 If the debtor fails to pay the debts incurred during the execution of storage contracts,

transport contracts and processing contracts, the creditor has the right of lien.

Other contracts that can take lieu according to law are also governed by the stipulations in the

previous paragraph.

The parties can exclude items that cannot be taken lien in the contract.第八十四条【留置的适用范围】因保管合同、运输合同、加工承揽合同发生的债权，债务人不履行债

务的，债权人有留置权。

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法律规定可以留置的其他合同，适用前款规定。

当事人可以在合同中约定不得留置的物。

Article 85 If the properties are items that are dividable, the value of the liened properties shall

correspond to the sum of the debts.第八十五条【留置物的价值】留置的财产为可分物的，留置物的价值应当相当于债务的金额。

Article 86 A party that is entitled to the lien rights has the obligation to properly take care of the liened

property. The party that is entitled to the lien rights shall assume civil responsibilities for the damage

or evanesce of the liened property resulted from improper care.第八十六条【留置物的保管义务】留置权人负有妥善保管留置物的义务。因保管不善致使留置物灭失

或者毁损的，留置权人应当承担民事责任。

Article 87 The creditor and the debtor shall agree in the contract that after the creditor takes lien of

the property, the debtor shall repay the debts in no less than two months. If there are no such

arrangements in the contract between the creditor and the debtor, after the creditor takes lien of the

property, the creditor shall set a deadline of no less than two months for the debtor to pay off the

debt and notify the debtor of the deadline set.

If the deadline expires and the debtor fails to pay off the debt, the creditor can, with the agreement of

the debtor, be paid by converting the lined property into money, or by proceeds acquired by

auctioning or selling off the property according to law.

Should there be a surplus value after converting the property into money or auctioning or selling off

of the property in exceed of the sum of the debts, the balance shall belong to the debtor; the balance

due shall be paid off by the debtor.第八十七条【留置权的实现】债权人与债务人应当在合同中约定，债权人留置财产后，债务人应当在

不少于两个月的期限内履行债务。债权人与债务人在合同中未约定的，债权人留置债务人财产后，应

当确定两个月以上的期限，通知债务人在该期限内履行债务。

债务人逾期仍不履行的，债权人可以与债务人协议以留置物折价，也可以依法拍卖、变卖留置物。

留置物折价或者拍卖、变卖后，其价款超过债权数额的部分归债务人所有，不足部分由债务人清偿。

Article 88 The lien rights shall perish under the following two circumstances:

1. The creditor’s right perishes;

2. The debtor provides other means of guarantee and the creditor accepts.第八十八条【留置权的消灭】留置权因下列原因消灭：

（一）债权消灭的；

（二）债务人另行提供担保并被债权人接受的。

CHAPTER 6 DEPOSIT第六章定金

Article 89 The parties can agree to the arrangements that one party provide the other party deposits

as the creditor’s guarantee. After the debtor repaid the debts, the deposits shall become the

purchase fund of be returned. If the party that provides the deposit fails to pay off the contracted

debts, the deposit shall not be returned; if the party that receives the deposit fails to pay off the

contracted debts, the doubled sum of the deposits shall be returned.

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第八十九条【定金及其法律效力】当事人可以约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行

债务后，定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，无权要求返还定金；收

受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，应当双倍返还定金。

Article 90 The deposit shall be arranged in a written contract. The parties shall set a deadline for the

delivery of the deposit in the deposit contract. The contract goes into effect as of the date of the

actual delivery of the deposit.第九十条【定金的成立】定金应当以书面形式约定。当事人在定金合同中应当约定交付定金的期限。

定金合同从实际交付定金之日起生效。

Article 91 The sum of deposit shall be decided by the parties and shall not exceed 20 percent of the

sum of subject matter of the principal contract.第九十一条【定金的数额】定金的数额由当事人约定，但不得超过主合同标的额的百分之二十。

APPENDIX第七章附则

Article 92 The fixed property described in this law refers to lands and such fixed objects on the

ground such as buildings and forest woods.

The movable property described in this law refers to property other than fixed property.第九十二条【动产与不动产】本法所称不动产是指土地以及房屋、林木等地上定着物。

本法所称动产是指不动产以外的物。

Article 93 The guarantee contract, mortgage contract, hypothecation contract, deposit contract

referred in this law may be a stand-alone written contract, including letters and facsimile messages

between the parties that have the nature of guarantee. It may also be guarantee provisions in a

principal contact.第九十三条【担保合同的表现形式】本法所称保证合同、抵押合同、质押合同、定金合同可以是单独

订立的书面合同，包括当事人之间的具有担保性质的信函、传真等，也可以是主合同中的担保条款。

Article 94 The conversion into money or sell-off of the objects of pledge, the hypothecated property

or liened property shall be referenced with the market prices.第九十四条【担保物折价或变卖的价格确定】抵押物、质物、留置物折价或者变卖，应当参照市场价

格。

Article 95 Some laws such as the Maritime Lawwould have special provisions on guarantee and

those provisions shall be followed.第九十五条【本法适用的例外】海商法等法律对担保有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article 96 This law goes into effect as of October 1, 1995.第九十六条【生效日期】本法自１９９５年１０月１日起施行。

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【TitleTitleTitleTitle】MeasuresMeasuresMeasuresMeasures forforforfor thethethethe AdministrationAdministrationAdministrationAdministration ofofofof PawningPawningPawningPawning[现行有效]【法规标题】典当管理办法[Effective]




Ministry of Commerce,Ministry of Public

Security

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Trade and Commerce

发布日

期：

2005-02-09

生效日

期：

2005-04-01

发布部

门：商务部，公安部

类别：商贸物资

Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Public Security

(Order No.8 [2005])

The Measures for the Administration of Pawning, which were deliberated and adopted at the

ministerial meeting of the Ministry of Commerce, and approved by the Ministry of Public Security,

are hereby promulgated, and shall come into force as of April 1st, 2005.

Minister of the Ministry of Commerce: Bo Xilai

Minister of the Ministry of Public Security: Zhou Yongkang

February 9, 2005

Measures for the Administration of Pawning商务部、公安部

（2005年第8号令）

（相关资料: 部门规章35篇地方法规82篇案例1篇裁判文书29篇相关论文1篇实务指南）

《典当管理办法》已经商务部部务会议审议通过，并经公安部同意，现予公布，自2005年4月1日起施

行。

商务部部长：薄熙来

公安部部长：周永康

2005年2月9日

典当管理办法

Chapter I General Provisions第一章总则

Article 1 The present Measures are formulated in accordance with the relevant legal provisions for

the purpose of regulating pawning activities, strengthening supervision and administration, and

accelerating the healthy development of the pawn industry.第一条为规范典当行为，加强监督管理，促进典当业规范发展，根据有关法律规定，制定本办法。

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Article 2 The present Measures shall be applicable to the establishment of pawnshops within the

territory of the People's Republic of China, and the undertaking of pawning activities.第二条在中华人民共和国境内设立典当行，从事典当活动，适用本办法。

Article 3 The term "pawning" as mentioned in the present Measures, shall refer to the act in which a

pawner gives his or her chattels or property rights to a pawnshop as a pledge of pawned item or

gives his or her real estate to the pawnshop as a mortgage for the pawned item, pays expenses at a

certain rate, obtains pawn money and redeems the pawned item by repaying the pawn money and

the interest thereof within the agreed period of time.

The term "pawnshop" as mentioned in the present Measures, shall refer to an enterprise legal

person that is established in accordance with the present Measures and engages specially in the

pawning activities, and its organizational form and its institutions shall apply the relevant provisions

of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China.第三条本办法所称典当，是指当户将其动产、财产权利作为当物质押或者将其房地产作为当物抵押给

典当行，交付一定比例费用，取得当金，并在约定期限内支付当金利息、偿还当金、赎回当物的行为。

本办法所称典当行，是指依照本办法设立的专门从事典当活动的企业法人，其组织形式与组织机构适

用《中华人民共和国公司法》的有关规定。


Article 4 The competent department of commerce shall conduct supervision over and administration

on the pawn industry, and the public security organ shall carry out public security administration on

the pawn industry.第四条商务主管部门对典当业实施监督管理，公安机关对典当业进行治安管理。


Article 5 The name of a pawnshop shall satisfy the relevant provisions on the administration of

enterprise name registration with the word "pawn" indicated in the name. No other business

organization and institution shall include the word "pawn" in their names, nor shall they operate

pawn businesses overtly or in any disguised form.第五条典当行的名称应当符合企业名称登记管理的有关规定。典当行名称中的行业表述应当标明“典

当”字样。其他任何经营性组织和机构的名称不得含有“典当”字样，不得经营或者变相经营典当业务。

Article 6 A pawnshop shall abide by the laws, regulations and rules when undertaking business

activities, and follow the principle of equality, free will, good faith, and mutual benefit.第六条典当行从事经营活动，应当遵守法律、法规和规章，遵循平等、自愿、诚信、互利的原则。

Chapter II Establishment第二章设立

Article 7 The following conditions shall be met when applying for the establishment of a pawnshop:

1.Having its own articles of association complying with the provisions of laws and regulations;

2. Having the minimum registered capital as prescribed in the present Measures;

3. Having a business place complying with the requirements and the facilities as are necessary for

business operations;

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4. Having management personnel who are familiar with the pawn business as well as appraisers;

5. Having two or more shareholders with legal person status and the institutional shares as

comparative controlling shares;

6. Complying with the requirements for management of public security as prescribed in Articles 9

and 10 of the present Measures; and

7. Complying with the state requirements for overall planning and reasonable arrangement of

pawnshops.第七条申请设立典当行，应当具备下列条件：

（一）有符合法律、法规规定的章程；

（二）有符合本办法规定的最低限额的注册资本；

（三）有符合要求的营业场所和办理业务必需的设施；

（四）有熟悉典当业务的经营管理人员及鉴定评估人员；

（五）有两个以上法人股东，且法人股相对控股；

（六）符合本办法第九条和第十条规定的治安管理要求；

（七）符合国家对典当行统筹规划、合理布局的要求。

Article 8 The minimum registered capital of a pawnshop shall be RMB 3 million Yuan; for the

pawnshop that undertakes the pawn business of mortgage of real estates, the minimum registered

capital shall be RMB 5 million Yuan; for the pawnshop that undertakes the pawn business of pledge

of property rights, the minimum registered capital shall be RMB 10 million Yuan.

The minimum registered capital of a pawnshop shall be the shareholders' paid-in monetary capital,

excluding the capital contributed in the form of in-kind, industrial property rights, know-how and land

use right.第八条典当行注册资本最低限额为300万元；从事房地产抵押典当业务的，注册资本最低限额为500万元；从事财产权利质押典当业务的，注册资本最低限额为1000万元。

典当行的注册资本最低限额应当为股东实缴的货币资本，不包括以实物、工业产权、非专利技术、土

地使用权作价出资的资本。


Article 9 A pawnshop shall establish and improve the following safety systems:

1. The system for checking the certificate or license for accepting, renewal of a pawn and redeeming

any pawned item;

2. The system for checking and keeping pawned items;

3. The system for assisting in the investigation and checking of a criminal at large;

4. The system of reporting suspicious conditions; and

5. The system of equipment of security personnel.第九条典当行应当建立、健全以下安全制度：

（一）收当、续当、赎当查验证件（照）制度；

（二）当物查验、保管制度；

（三）通缉协查核对制度；

（四）可疑情况报告制度；

（五）配备保安人员制度。


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Article 10 The building construction and business facilities of a pawnshop shall comply with the

relevant security standards and provisions on fire control administration of the state, with the

following safety facilities:

1. Setting up video equipment (the video materials shall be kept for at least two months) in the

business place;

2. Setting up safeguard facilities at the business counters;

3. Setting up warehouses for keeping pawned items and safe boxes (counters or deposits), which

comply with the safety requirements;

4. Setting up alarm device;

5. Setting up safeguard facilities for doors and windows; and

6. Equipping with necessary fire control facilities and equipment.第十条典当行房屋建筑和经营设施应当符合国家有关安全标准和消防管理规定，具备下列安全防范设

施：

（一）经营场所内设置录像设备（录像资料至少保存2个月）；

（二）营业柜台设置防护设施；

（三）设置符合安全要求的典当物品保管库房和保险箱（柜、库）；

（四）设置报警装置；

（五）门窗设置防护设施；

（六）配备必要的消防设施及器材。


Article 11 An applicant shall, when establishing a pawnshop, submit the following documents to the

competent department of commerce at the level of the city (prefecture) divided into districts at the

locality where the pawnshop is to be established:

1. An application for establishment (which shall specify the name, residence, registered capital,

shareholders and their amount of capital contributions, and business scope of the pawnshop to be

established, etc.) and a feasibility study report;

2. Articles of association of the pawnshop, agreement on capital contributions and the commitment

on capital contributions;

3. Business rules, internal management system and safeguard measures of the pawnshop;

4. The capital verification certificate issued by the capital verification institution that has legal

qualification;

5. Resumes of the natural-person shareholders, the legal representative to be appointed and other

senior management personnel as issued by the personnel department of the entity where their

archives are placed;

6. The recent financial auditing report of the shareholders with legal person status and the certificate

of capability for capital contribution as issued by the accountant firm that has legal qualification, the

resolution of the board of directors or the shareholders' meeting of the shareholders with legal

person status and a photocopy of the duplicate of the business licenses thereof;

7. The effective certification documents of ownership or use right to the business place, which

complies with the requirements; and

8. The Notice of Advance Approval of Enterprise Name as issued by the administrative department

of industry and commerce.

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第十一条设立典当行，申请人应当向拟设典当行所在地设区的市（地）级商务主管部门提交下列材料：

（一）设立申请（应当载明拟设立典当行的名称、住所、注册资本、股东及出资额、经营范围等内容）

及可行性研究报告；

（二）典当行章程、出资协议及出资承诺书；

（三）典当行业务规则、内部管理制度及安全防范措施；

（四）具有法定资格的验资机构出具的验资证明；

（五）档案所在单位人事部门出具的个人股东、拟任法定代表人和其他高级管理人员的简历；

（六）具有法定资格的会计师事务所出具的法人股东近期财务审计报告及出资能力证明、法人股东的

董事会（股东会）决议及营业执照副本复印件；

（七）符合要求的营业场所的所有权或者使用权的有效证明文件；

（八）工商行政管理机关核发的《企业名称预先核准通知书》。


Article 12 Any pawnshop that meets any of the following conditions may establish a trans-province

(autonomous region and municipalities directly under the Central Government) branches:

1. Having been engaged in the pawn business for three years or more with the registered capital of

no less than RMB 15 million Yuan;

2. Making profits in the past two years consecutively; and

3. Having no record of violating laws and regulations in its business operations during the past two

years.

The branches of any pawnshop shall carry out the safety system as prescribed in Article 9 of the

present Measures, and shall have the safety facilities as prescribed in Article 10 of the present

Measures.第十二条具备下列条件的典当行可以跨省（自治区、直辖市）设立分支机构：

（一）经营典当业务三年以上，注册资本不少于人民币1500万元；

（二）最近两年连续盈利；

（三）最近两年无违法违规经营记录。

典当行的分支机构应当执行本办法第九条规定的安全制度，具备本办法第十条规定的安全防范设施。

Article 13 A pawnshop shall allocate working capital of no less than RMB 5 million Yuan to each of

its branch.

The total working capital of all the branches of a pawnshop shall not exceed 50% of the registered

capital of the pawnshop.第十三条典当行应当对每个分支机构拨付不少于500万元的营运资金。

典当行各分支机构营运资金总额不得超过典当行注册资本的50%。

Article 14 A pawnshop shall, when applying for establishing any branch, submit the following

materials to the competent department of commerce at the level of districted city (prefecture) of the

locality where the branch is to be established:

1. The application report for the establishment of the branch (which shall specify the name,

residence, person-in-charge, amount of working capital, etc. of the branch to be established), a

feasibility study report, and the resolutions of the board of directors (or the shareholders' meeting);

2. The financial report of the pawnshop in the past two years as issued by a qualified accountant

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firm;

3. The resume of the to-be-appointed person-in-charge of the branch, which is issued by the

personnel department at the locality where his archives are placed;

4. The effective certification documents of ownership or use right to the business place, which

complies with the requirements; and

5. The certificate of having no record of violating any law or regulation in the past two years as

issued by the competent department of commerce at the provincial level and the public security

organ of the people's government at the level of the county where it is located.第十四条典当行申请设立分支机构，应当向拟设分支机构所在地设区的市（地）级商务主管部门提交

下列材料：

（一）设立分支机构的申请报告（应当载明拟设立分支机构的名称、住所、负责人、营运资金数额等）、

可行性研究报告、董事会（股东会）决议；

（二）具有法定资格的会计师事务所出具的该典当行最近两年的财务会计报告；

（三）档案所在地人事部门出具的拟任分支机构负责人的简历；

（四）符合要求的营业场所的所有权或者使用权的有效证明文件；

（五）省级商务主管部门及所在地县级人民政府公安机关出具的最近两年无违法违规经营记录的证明。


Article 15 After receiving an application for establishing a pawnshop or the application of a

pawnshop for establishing any branch, the competent department of commerce at the level of

districted city (prefecture) shall report it to the competent department of commerce at the provincial

level for examination, which shall in turn submit the examination opinions and the application

documents to the Ministry of Commerce for approval and issuing a License for Operation of Pawn

Business. The competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall circulate a report on

the relevant conditions to the public security organ of the people's government at the corresponding

level within 5 days (workdays, the same hereinafter) after receiving the documents of approval of the

Ministry of Commerce. The public security organ of the people's government at the provincial level

shall notify the public security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city

(prefecture) of the circulation of report within 5 days.第十五条收到设立典当行或者典当行申请设立分支机构的申请后，设区的市（地）级商务主管部门应

当报省级商务主管部门审核，省级商务主管部门将审核意见和申请材料报送商务部，由商务部批准并

颁发《典当经营许可证》。省级商务主管部门应当在收到商务部批准文件后5日（工作日，下同）内将

有关情况通报同级人民政府公安机关。省级人民政府公安机关应当在5日内将通报情况通知设区的市

（地）级人民政府公安机关。


Article 16 After receiving the License for Operation of Pawn Business, an applicant shall apply for a

License of Special Trade of a pawnshop to the public security organ of the people's government at

the level of the county where he/it resides within 10 days, and submit the following materials:

1. An application report;

2. The License for Operation of Pawn Business and its photocopy;

3. The resumes of the legal representative, natural-person shareholders and other senior

166

management personnel as well as the photocopies of their effective identity certificates;

4. The certificate of having no record of intentional crime as issued by the public security organ of

the people's government at the level of the county where the household registers of the legal

representative, natural-person shareholders and other senior management personnel are placed;

5. The ichnography and constructional drawing of the business place and the warehouse of the

pawnshop;

6. The video equipment, safeguard facilities, safe boxes (counters, warehouses) and the distribution

plan of the sites for the installation and setup of fire control facilities;

7. The various rules on public security safeguarding and fire control safety management; and

8. Basic information of the public security safeguarding organizations and personnel.第十六条申请人领取《典当经营许可证》后，应当在10日内向所在地县级人民政府公安机关申请典

当行《特种行业许可证》，并提供下列材料：

（一）申请报告；

（二）《典当经营许可证》及复印件；

（三）法定代表人、个人股东和其他高级管理人员的简历及有效身份证件复印件；

（四）法定代表人、个人股东和其他高级管理人员的户口所在地县级人民政府公安机关出具的无故意

犯罪记录证明；

（五）典当行经营场所及保管库房平面图、建筑结构图；

（六）录像设备、防护设施、保险箱（柜、库）及消防设施安装、设置位置分布图；

（七）各项治安保卫、消防安全管理制度；

（八）治安保卫组织或者治安保卫人员基本情况。


Article 17 The public security organ of the people's government at the level of the county where the

applicant resides shall report the application documents and the result of preliminary examination to

the public security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city (prefecture) within

10 days after accepting the application, and the public security organ of the people's government at

the level of districted city (prefecture) shall complete the examination and approval within 10 days,

and issue a License of Special Trade to those to whom approval is granted.

The public security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city (prefecture) shall

complete the examination and approval on the applications accepted by itself directly within 20 days,

and issue a License of Special Trade to those to whom approval is granted.

The public security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city (prefecture) shall

report the examination and approval situation to the public security organ of the people's

government at the provincial level for archival filing within 5 days after issuing the license; the public

security organ of the people's government at the provincial level shall circulate a report on the

relevant matters to the competent department of commerce at the corresponding level within 5 days.

An applicant shall apply for registration and recording at the administrative department for industry

and commerce within 10 days after receiving the License of Special Trade, and shall not conduct

business operations until having received the business license.第十七条所在地县级人民政府公安机关受理后应当在10日内将申请材料及初步审核结果报设区的市

（地）级人民政府公安机关审核批准，设区的市（地）级人民政府公安机关应当在10日内审核批准完

167

毕。经批准的，颁发《特种行业许可证》。

设区的市（地）级人民政府公安机关直接受理的申请，应当在20日内审核批准完毕。经批准的，颁发

《特种行业许可证》。

设区的市（地）级人民政府公安机关应当在发证后5日内将审核批准情况报省级人民政府公安机关备案；

省级人民政府公安机关应当在5日内将有关情况通报同级商务主管部门。

申请人领取《特种行业许可证》后，应当在10日内到工商行政管理机关申请登记注册，领取营业执照

后，方可营业。


Chapter III Alteration and Termination第三章变更、终止

Article 18 In case a pawnshop alters its name, registered capital (excluding those whose registered

capital is more than RMB 50 million Yuan after alteration), replaces its legal representative, or

changes its residence within the scope of the city (region, prefecture, or league), transfers shares

(excluding those that transfer shares to anyone else for up to 50% of its total shares accumulatively),

it shall be subject to the approval of the competent department of commerce at the provincial level.

The competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall go through archival filing at the

Ministry of Commerce within 20 days after approval. The Ministry of Commerce shall change the

License for Operation of Pawn Business collectively in June and December each year.

In case any pawnshop is split, merged, or moves its residence to another city cities (region,

prefecture, or league), or transfers its shares to anyone else for up to 50% of its total shares

accumulatively, or the registered capital after alteration is more than RMB 50 Yuan, it shall be

subject to the approval of the competent department of commerce at the provincial level and report it

to the Ministry of Commerce for approval, and change the License for Operation of Pawn Business.

An applicant shall, after receiving the License for Operation of Pawn Business, apply for changing

the License of Special Trade and the business license according to the relevant provisions of Article

17 of the present Measures.第十八条典当行变更机构名称、注册资本（变更后注册资本在5000万元以上的除外）、法定代表人、

在本市（地、州、盟）范围内变更住所、转让股份（对外转让股份累计达50%以上的除外）的，应当

经省级商务主管部门批准。省级商务主管部门应当在批准后20日内向商务部备案。商务部于每年6月、

12月集中换发《典当经营许可证》。

典当行分立、合并、跨市（地、州、盟）迁移住所、对外转让股份累计达50%以上、以及变更后注册

资本在5000万元以上的，应当经省级商务主管部门同意，报商务部批准，并换发《典当经营许可证》。

申请人领取《典当经营许可证》后，依照本办法第十七条的有关规定申请换发《特种行业许可证》和

营业执照。


Article 19 A pawnshop shall comply with the following conditions when increasing its registered

capital:

1. The time interval between the increase of registered capital and the time when it started its

business operations or the preceding increase of registered capital shall be one year or more; and

2. Having no record of operation in violation of any law or regulation within one year.

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第十九条典当行增加注册资本应当符合下列条件：

（一）与开业时间或者前一次增资相隔的时间在一年以上；

（二）一年内没有违法违规经营记录。

Article 20 In case any pawnshop alters its registered capital or adjusts its equity structure, the new

natural-person shareholders and the senior management personnel to be appointed shall accept

qualification examination; and the new shareholders with legal-person status and the shareholders

with legal person status after capital increase shall have the corresponding capability and

qualification for investment.第二十条典当行变更注册资本或者调整股本结构，新进入的个人股东和拟任高级管理人员应当接受资

格审查；新进入的法人股东及增资的法人股东应当具备相应的投资能力与投资资格。

Article 21 In case anyone fails to handle the License of Special Trade or the business license as

required without justifiable reasons, or fails to start business without justifiable reasons for more than

6 months from the date of being issued the business license, or stops business operations for more

than 6 consecutive months after starting business, the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level and the public security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city

(prefecture) shall take back the License for Operation of Pawn Business and the License of Special

Trade respectively, and the original documents of approval shall be revoked automatically. The

License for Operation of Pawn Business that is taken back shall be returned to the Ministry of

Commerce.

In case any competent department of commerce at the provincial level takes back the License for

Operation of Pawn Business or any public security organ of the people's government at the level of

districted city (prefecture) takes back the License of Special Trade, it shall circulate a report to each

other on the relevant matters through the public security organ of the people's government at the

provincial level within 10 days.

After its license is taken back, a pawnshop shall apply for write-off registration to the administrative

department of industry and commerce according to law.第二十一条无正当理由未按照规定办理《特种行业许可证》及营业执照的，或者自核发营业执照之日

起无正当理由超过6个月未营业，或者营业后自行停业连续达6个月以上的，省级商务主管部门、设区

的市（地）级人民政府公安机关应当分别收回《典当经营许可证》、《特种行业许可证》，原批准文

件自动撤销。收回的《典当经营许可证》应当交回商务部。

省级商务主管部门收回《典当经营许可证》，或者设区的市（地）级人民政府公安机关收回《特种行

业许可证》的，应当在10日内通过省级人民政府公安机关相互通报情况。

许可证被收回后，典当行应当依法向工商行政管理机关申请注销登记。


Article 22 A pawnshop shall file an application to the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level three months before its dissolution, and shall stop other business operations except

redeeming a pawned object or dealing with the absolutely pawned objects upon approval and set up

a liquidation group according to law to make liquidation.第二十二条典当行解散应当提前3个月向省级商务主管部门提出申请，经批准后，应当停止除赎当和

处理绝当物品以外的其他业务，并依法成立清算组，进行清算。


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Article 23 After the liquidation of a pawnshop is completed, the liquidation group shall submit a

liquidation report to the competent department of commerce at the provincial level for confirmation,

and the competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall take back the License for

Operation of Pawn Business, and circulate a report to the public security organ of the people's

government at the corresponding level within 5 days.

The public security organ of the people's government at the provincial level shall notify the public

security organ of the people's government at the level of districted city (prefecture) that made the

former approval decision to take back the License of Special Trade within 5 days.

A pawnshop shall apply for write-off registration with the administrative department of industry and

commerce according to law after the liquidation is completed.第二十三条典当行清算结束后，清算组应当将清算报告报省级商务主管部门确认，由省级商务主管部

门收回《典当经营许可证》，并在5日内通报同级人民政府公安机关。

省级人民政府公安机关应当在5日内通知作出原批准决定的设区的市（地）级人民政府公安机关收回《特

种行业许可证》。

典当行在清算结束后，应当依法向工商行政管理机关申请注销登记。


Article 24 The competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall make a public notice

on any pawnshop that terminates its business operations and report it to the Ministry of Commerce

for archival filing.第二十四条省级商务主管部门对终止经营的典当行应当予以公告，并报商务部备案。

Chapter IV Business Scope第四章经营范围

Article 25 A pawnshop may carry out the following business operations upon approval:

1. the pawn business of pledge of chattels;

2. the pawn business of pledge of property rights;

3. the pawn business of mortgage of real estates (excluding the real estates of other provinces,

autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government or the project under

construction for which the license for advance sale of commercial houses has not been obtained);

4. sale of the absolutely pawned items within a certain value;

5. appraisal and consultation services; and

6. Other pawn businesses as approved by the Ministry of Commerce according to law.第二十五条经批准，典当行可以经营下列业务：

（一）动产质押典当业务；

（二）财产权利质押典当业务；

（三）房地产（外省、自治区、直辖市的房地产或者未取得商品房预售许可证的在建工程除外）抵押

典当业务；

（四）限额内绝当物品的变卖；

（五）鉴定评估及咨询服务；

（六）商务部依法批准的其他典当业务。

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Article 26 No pawnshop may engage in any of the following businesses:

1. the sale of non-absolutely pawned items or the purchase or consignment of old items;

2. the business of mortgage of chattels;

3. fund raising or absorbing monetary deposit overtly or in any disguised form;

4. granting credit loans; or

5. other businesses not approved by the Ministry of Commerce.第二十六条典当行不得经营下列业务：

（一）非绝当物品的销售以及旧物收购、寄售；

（二）动产抵押业务；

（三）集资、吸收存款或者变相吸收存款；

（四）发放信用贷款；

（五）未经商务部批准的其他业务。


Article 27 No pawnshop may accept any of the following properties in its pawn business:

1. property that has been lawfully sealed up, detained or against which other protective measures

have been taken;

2. ill-gotten goods and items from doubtful sources;

3. any thing that is inflammable, easily explosive, severely toxic or radioactive and the containers

thereof;

4. knife tools under control, guns, ammunitions, marks used by armies or polices, uniforms and

instruments;

5. the official documents, seals of the state organs and the properties managed thereby;

6. the certificates or licenses apart from the certificate of real right issued by the state organs and the

effective identity certificates;

7. property over which the pawner has no ownership or fails to obtain the right of disposition; and

8.natural resources or other property or items that are prohibited from circulation by any law or

regulation and the relevant provisions of the state.第二十七条典当行不得收当下列财物：

（一）依法被查封、扣押或者已经被采取其他保全措施的财产；

（二）赃物和来源不明的物品；

（三）易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性物品及其容器；

（四）管制刀具，枪支、弹药，军、警用标志、制式服装和器械；

（五）国家机关公文、印章及其管理的财物；

（六）国家机关核发的除物权证书以外的证照及有效身份证件；

（七）当户没有所有权或者未能依法取得处分权的财产；

（八）法律、法规及国家有关规定禁止流通的自然资源或者其他财物。


Article 28 No pawnshop may conduct any of the following acts:

1. borrowing money from entities or individuals except commercial banks;

2.making inter-bank capital borrowing with other pawnshops overtly or in any disguised form;

3. getting loans from commercial banks beyond the prescribed limits; or

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4. making foreign investments.第二十八条典当行不得有下列行为：

（一）从商业银行以外的单位和个人借款；

（二）与其他典当行拆借或者变相拆借资金；

（三）超过规定限额从商业银行贷款；

（四）对外投资。


Article 29 A pawnshop shall obtain the approval of the relevant departments of the government for

accepting those items that are subject to uniform purchase, exclusive sale or monopolistic sale of

the state.第二十九条典当行收当国家统收、专营、专卖物品，须经有关部门批准。


Chapter V Pawn Tickets第五章当票

Article 30 A pawn ticket is a loan contract between a pawnshop and a pawner, and is the credence

of payment of pawn money to the pawner by the pawnshop.

In case a pawnshop comes to any agreement with a pawner on any matter beyond the pawn ticket,

they shall sign a supplementary written contract, but the contents stipulated in the contract shall not

violate the relevant laws, regulations and the provisions of the present Measures.第三十条当票是典当行与当户之间的借贷契约，是典当行向当户支付当金的付款凭证。

典当行和当户就当票以外事项进行约定的，应当补充订立书面合同，但约定的内容不得违反有关法律、

法规和本办法的规定。

Article 31 A pawn ticket shall specify the following items:

1. title and residence of the pawnshop;

2. name (or title) and residence (or address) of the pawner, relevant certificates (licenses) and the

numbers thereof;

3. name, quantity, quality and status of the pawned item;

4. estimated value and pawned value;

5. interest rate and comprehensive premium rate;

6. date and term of pawn, renewal of pawn; and

7. points for attention to the pawners.第三十一条当票应当载明下列事项：

（一）典当行机构名称及住所；

（二）当户姓名（名称）、住所（址）、有效证件（照）及号码；

（三）当物名称、数量、质量、状况；

（四）估价金额、当金数额；

（五）利率、综合费率；

（六）典当日期、典当期、续当期；

（七）当户须知。

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Article 32 No pawnshop or pawner may transfer, lend or pledge his/its pawn ticket to any third

person.第三十二条典当行和当户不得将当票转让、出借或者质押给第三人。

Article 33 A pawnshop and pawner shall record their pawn ticket true to fact and keep it properly.

In case any pawn ticket is lost, a pawner shall report the loss to the pawnshop in time. In case the

pawner fails to report to the pawnshop the loss of the pawn ticket, or the pawned item has been

redeemed by any other person before the pawner reports its loss to the pawnshop, the pawnshop

shall not be regarded as negligent, and shall not be held responsible for any compensation.第三十三条典当行和当户应当真实记录并妥善保管当票。

当票遗失，当户应当及时向典当行办理挂失手续。未办理挂失手续或者挂失前被他人赎当，典当行无

过错的，典当行不负赔偿责任。

Chapter IV Rules for Business Operation第六章经营规则

Article 34 No pawnshop may entrust any other entity or individual to handle any pawn business as

an agent, nor may it assign any business person to any other organization, institution or business

place to conduct any pawn business.第三十四条典当行不得委托其他单位和个人代办典当业务，不得向其他组织、机构和经营场所派驻业

务人员从事典当业务。


Article 35 When a customer pawns an item or redeems any pawned item, he/it shall show his/its own

effective identity certificate. If the pawner is an entity, the pawn handler shall show his certificate of

the entity and the effective identity certificate of himself; in case of a pawn by entrustment, the

entrusted person shall show the power of attorney of the pawner, and the effective identity certificate

of the person himself and the client.

Apart from the certificates as listed in the preceding paragraph, a pawner shall, when pawning any

item, provide the source of the pawned item and the relevant documents of proof according to the

facts to the pawnshop. When redeeming the pawned item, the pawner shall show the pawn ticket.

A pawnshop shall check the certificate documents as listed in paragraph two of this Article, which

are issued by the pawner.第三十五条办理出当与赎当，当户均应当出具本人的有效身份证件。当户为单位的，经办人员应当出

具单位证明和经办人的有效身份证件；委托典当中，被委托人应当出具典当委托书、本人和委托人的

有效身份证件。

除前款所列证件外，出当时，当户应当如实向典当行提供当物的来源及相关证明材料。赎当时，当户

应当出示当票。

典当行应当查验当户出具的本条第二款所列证明文件。


Article 36 Both parties shall determine the estimated value and the pawned value of any pawned

item through negotiation.

In case both parties cannot reach an agreement on the pawned value of any real estate through

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negotiation, they may entrust a real estate price appraisal institution that has the competent

qualifications to make an appraisal, and the estimated value may be regarded as a reference for

determining the pawned value.

The time limit of a pawn shall be stipulated by both parties, but shall not exceed 6 months at the

maximum.第三十六条当物的估价金额及当金数额应当由双方协商确定。

房地产的当金数额经协商不能达成一致的，双方可以委托有资质的房地产价格评估机构进行评估，估

价金额可以作为确定当金数额的参考。

典当期限由双方约定，最长不得超过6个月。

Article 37 The interest rate for the pawn value shall apply the six month legal interest rate of loans to

a banking institution as announced by the People's Bank of China after converting the days of pawn.

The interest for the pawn value shall not be withdrawn in advance.第三十七条典当当金利率，按中国人民银行公布的银行机构6个月期法定贷款利率及典当期限折算后

执行。

典当当金利息不得预扣。


Article 38 The comprehensive premium of a pawn shall include all kinds of service fees and

overhead expenses.

The monthly comprehensive premium rate of a pledged pawn of chattels shall not exceed 42‰ of

the pawn value.

In the case of a mortgaged pawn of real estate, the monthly comprehensive premium rate shall not

exceed 27‰ of the pawn value.

The monthly comprehensive premium rate of a pledged pawn of property right shall not exceed 24‰

of the pawn value.

Where the term of a pawn is less than 5 days, the premium shall be charged on the basis of 5 days.第三十八条典当综合费用包括各种服务及管理费用。

动产质押典当的月综合费率不得超过当金的42‰。

房地产抵押典当的月综合费率不得超过当金的27‰。

财产权利质押典当的月综合费率不得超过当金的24‰。

当期不足5日的，按5日收取有关费用。


Article 39 A pawn may be renewed, upon the agreement of both parties during the period of pawn or

within 5 days after the expiration of the pawn period, for 6 months at maximum each time. The

renewed term of pawn shall commence from the day when the pawn period expires or when the

recent renewed pawn term expires. To renew a pawn, the pawner shall settle all the interests for the

last pawn and the premium of the present renewed pawn.第三十九条典当期内或典当期限届满后5日内，经双方同意可以续当，续当一次的期限最长为6个月。

续当期自典当期限或者前一次续当期限届满日起算。续当时，当户应当结清前期利息和当期费用。


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Article 40 After a pawn term or a renewed term expires, a pawner shall redeem the pawned item or

renew the term within 5 days. In case the pawner fails to redeem the item or renew the term, it shall

be deemed as an absolute pawn.

A pawner who redeems a pawned item during the period between the expiration of the pawn term or

the renewed term and the time for absolute pawn shall, apart from repaying the pawn value and the

interest thereof as well as the comprehensive premium, make up the interest for the pawn value and

other relevant expenses according to the level of penalty interest rate of an overdue loan for banks

and other financial institutions as prescribed by the People's Bank of China and the premium rates

for the pawn as formulated by the pawnshop and the number of days overdue.第四十条典当期限或者续当期限届满后，当户应当在5日内赎当或者续当。逾期不赎当也不续当的，

为绝当。

当户于典当期限或者续当期限届满至绝当前赎当的，除须偿还当金本息、综合费用外，还应当根据中

国人民银行规定的银行等金融机构逾期贷款罚息水平、典当行制定的费用标准和逾期天数，补交当金

利息和有关费用。


Article 41 A pawnshop shall not lease, pledge, mortgage or use any pawned item within the term of

pawn.

In case a pledged item of pawn is lost or damaged during the term of pawn or the renewed term, a

pawnshop shall make compensation according to the estimated value. If the pledged item of pawn is

damaged due to force majeure, a pawnshop shall not be held responsible for compensation.第四十一条典当行在当期内不得出租、质押、抵押和使用当物。

质押当物在典当期内或者续当期内发生遗失或者损毁的，典当行应当按照估价金额进行赔偿。遇有不

可抗力导致质押当物损毁的，典当行不承担赔偿责任。

（相关资料: 相关论文1篇）

Article 42 Where a pawnshop carries out the pawn business of real estate mortgage, it shall go

through mortgage registration in advance with the pawner at the relevant departments according to

law, and then go through the formalities for a mortgaged pawn.

A pawnshop shall, when carrying out the pawn business of pledge of motor vehicles, go through the

formalities for the registration of the pledge at the administrative department of vehicles.

Where any other pawn business managed by a pawnshop is subject to registration according to

relevant laws and regulations, the pawnshop shall go through the registration formalities according

to law.第四十二条典当行经营房地产抵押典当业务，应当和当户依法到有关部门先行办理抵押登记，再办理

抵押典当手续。

典当行经营机动车质押典当业务，应当到车辆管理部门办理质押登记手续。

典当行经营其他典当业务，有关法律、法规要求登记的，应当依法办理登记手续。


Article 43 A pawnshop shall deal with the absolutely pawned items according to the following

provisions:

1. If the estimated value of the pawned item is more than RMB 30,000 Yuan, it may be dealt with in

accordance with the Guaranty Law of the People's Republic of Chinaor be publicly auctioned by an

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entrusted auction house according to the agreement reached upon by both parties concerning

absolute pawns. The proceeds from auction shall be returned to the pawner after deducting the

expenses of auction as well as the pawn value and the interest thereof; if the proceeds from auction

are lower than the estimated value, the pawnshop may demand the pawner to make up the margin.

2. If the estimated value of an absolutely pawned item is less than RMB 30,000 Yuan, the pawnshop

may sell it out or dispose of it by converting it into money, and shall be responsible for the profit or

loss thereof.

3. For the absolutely pawned items, which are restricted from circulation by the state, shall be dealt

with after being reported to and approved by the relevant administrative departments or being

handed over to the designated entities for handling.

4. A pawnshop shall report to the competent department of commerce at the provincial level for

archival filing when setting up spots for the sale of absolutely pawned items outside its business

place, and shall accept the supervision and inspection of the competent local department of

commerce voluntarily. And

5. A pawnshop shall win the consent and cooperation of the pawner when disposing of the shares of

any listed company in the absolutely pawned items, and shall not sell, convert into money by itself or

entrust any auction house to publicly auction the shares of any listing company in the absolutely

pawned items.第四十三条典当行应当按照下列规定处理绝当物品：

（一）当物估价金额在3万元以上的，可以按照《中华人民共和国担保法》的有关规定处理，也可以双

方事先约定绝当后由典当行委托拍卖行公开拍卖。拍卖收入在扣除拍卖费用及当金本息后，剩余部分

应当退还当户，不足部分向当户追索。

（二）绝当物估价金额不足3万元的，典当行可以自行变卖或者折价处理，损溢自负。

（三）对国家限制流通的绝当物，应当根据有关法律、法规，报有关管理部门批准后处理或者交售指

定单位。

（四）典当行在营业场所以外设立绝当物品销售点应当报省级商务主管部门备案，并自觉接受当地商

务主管部门监督检查。

（五）典当行处分绝当物品中的上市公司股份应当取得当户的同意和配合，典当行不得自行变卖、折

价处理或者委托拍卖行公开拍卖绝当物品中的上市公司股份。


Article 44 The assets of a pawnshop shall be managed according to the proportions as mentioned

below:

1. Where the pawnshop gets loans from commercial banks within the time when it starts business

operations till it first submits the annual financial report to the competent department of commerce at

the provincial level and the competent local department of commerce, the balance of the loan shall

not exceed its registered capital. Where a pawnshop gets loans from any commercial bank after

submitting the financial report for the first time to the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level and the competent local department of commerce, the balance of the loan shall not

exceed of the owner's equity as stated in the financial report submitted to the competent department

in the previous year. A pawnshop shall not get loans from any commercial bank outside its own city

(region, prefecture, or league). No branch of any pawnshop may get loans from any commercial

bank.

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2. The balance of pawn value paid to a same legal person or natural person by a pawnshop shall not

exceed 25% of its registered capital;

3. The balance of pawn value paid to the shareholders of a pawnshop shall not exceed the

contributions made by the shareholder and the conditions of pawn shall not be more preferential

than the common pawners.

4. In case the net assets of a pawnshop is less than 90% of its registered capital, each shareholder

shall make it up according to the proportion or apply for reducing the registered capital, but the

registered capital after reduction shall not violate the provisions on the minimum registered capital of

a pawnshop as prescribed by the present Measures. And

5. The balance of a pledged pawn of property rights of a pawnshop shall not exceed 50% of its

registered capital. The balance of a pawn of real estate mortgage shall not exceed its registered

capital. If the registered capital is less than RMB 10 million Yuan, the pawn money of a single pawn

of real estate mortgage shall not exceed RMB 1 million Yuan. If the registered capital is more than

RMB 10 million Yuan, the pawn money of a single pawn of real estate mortgage shall not exceed

10% of its registered capital.第四十四条典当行的资产应当按照下列比例进行管理：

（一）典当行自初始营业起至第一次向省级商务主管部门及所在地商务主管部门报送年度财务会计报

告的时期内从商业银行贷款的，贷款余额不得超过其注册资本。典当行第一次向省级商务主管部门及

所在地商务主管部门报送财务会计报告之后从商业银行贷款的，贷款余额不得超过上一年度向主管部

门报送的财务会计报告中的所有者权益。典当行不得从本市（地、州、盟）以外的商业银行贷款。典

当行分支机构不得从商业银行贷款。

（二）典当行对同一法人或者自然人的典当余额不得超过注册资本的25％。

（三）典当行对其股东的典当余额不得超过该股东入股金额，且典当条件不得优于普通当户。

（四）典当行净资产低于注册资本的90%时，各股东应当按比例补足或者申请减少注册资本，但减少

后的注册资本不得违反本办法关于典当行注册资本最低限额的规定。

（五）典当行财产权利质押典当余额不得超过注册资本的50%。房地产抵押典当余额不得超过注册资

本。注册资本不足1000万元的，房地产抵押典当单笔当金数额不得超过100万元。注册资本在1000万

元以上的，房地产抵押典当单笔当金数额不得超过注册资本的10%。


Article 45 A pawnshop shall formulate and improve its own financial accounting rules and internal

auditing system according to the relevant laws and the unified accounting system of the state.

A pawnshop shall, according to the relevant provisions of the state, truthfully record down and

thoroughly reflect its business activities and financial status, work out monthly financial statements

and an annual financial report and submit them to the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level and the competent department of commerce at the level of districted city (prefecture)

where the pawnshop is situated.

The annual financial report of a pawnshop shall be subject to the inspection and verification of

accountants' firms or other legal institutions.第四十五条典当行应当依照法律和国家统一的会计制度，建立、健全财务会计制度和内部审计制度。

典当行应当按照国家有关规定，真实记录并全面反映其业务活动和财务状况，编制月度报表和年度财

务会计报告，并按要求向省级商务主管部门及所在地设区的市（地）级商务主管部门报送。

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典当行年度财务会计报告须经会计师事务所或者其他法定机构审查验证。


Chapter VII Supervision and Administration第七章监督管理

Article 46 The Ministry of Commerce shall implement a centralized and specialized administration of

over the pawnshops and shall perform the following regulatory functions:

1. formulating the relevant regulations and policies;

2. being responsible for the administration of market access and exit of pawnshops;

3. being responsible for the supervision over the routine business of pawnshops; and

4. making business guidance to the self-disciplinary organizations of the pawn industry.第四十六条商务部对典当业实行归口管理，履行以下监督管理职责：

（一）制定有关规章、政策；

（二）负责典当行市场准入和退出管理；

（三）负责典当行日常业务监管；

（四）对典当行业自律组织进行业务指导。

Article 47 The Ministry of Commerce shall make adjustment and control over the total number,

overall arrangements and capital scale of the pawnshops all over the country by referring to the

annual development plan worked out by the competent department of commerce at the provincial

level.第四十七条商务部参照省级商务主管部门拟定的年度发展规划对全国范围内典当行的总量、布局及资

本规模进行调控。

Article 48 The License for Operation of Pawn Business shall be printed by the Ministry of Commerce

uniformly. The uniform coding system shall be applied to the administration of Licenses for

Operation of Pawn Business, the measures for the coding administration shall be formulated by the

Ministry of Commerce additionally.

The pawn tickets shall be designed by the Ministry of Commerce uniformly, and be subject to the

supervision of the competent department of commerce at the provincial level. The competent

department of commerce at the provincial level shall report the printing and use of pawn tickets to

the Ministry of Commerce half a year. No entity or individual may forge or alter any pawn ticket.第四十八条《典当经营许可证》由商务部统一印制。《典当经营许可证》实行统一编码管理，编码管

理办法由商务部另行制定。

当票由商务部统一设计，省级商务主管部门监制。省级商务主管部门应当每半年向商务部报告当票的

印制、使用情况。任何单位和个人不得伪造和变造当票。

Article 49 The competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall submit the business

operations of the local pawnshops to the Ministry of Commerce on the quarterly basis. The concrete

requirements and format of report forms shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Commerce

additionally.第四十九条省级商务主管部门应当按季度向商务部报送本地典当行经营情况。具体要求和报表格式由

商务部另行规定。

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Article 50 The practicing personnel of a pawnshop shall hold an effective identity certificate; in case

any foreigner or other overseas personnel is employed in any pawnshop, he shall obtain the license

for alien employment according to the relevant state provisions.

No pawnshop may employ any person who fails to provide the certificates as listed in the preceding

paragraph.第五十条典当行的从业人员应当持有有效身份证件；外国人及其他境外人员在典当行就业的，应当按

照国家有关规定，取得外国人就业许可证书。

典当行不得雇佣不能提供前款所列证件的人员。

Article 51 A pawnshop shall record down and make statistics on the pledged item of pawn and the

information of pawners according to the facts, and submit them for future reference according to the

requirements of the public security organ of the people's government at the level of the county where

it is located.第五十一条典当行应当如实记录、统计质押当物和当户信息，并按照所在地县级以上人民政府公安机

关的要求报送备查。


Article 52 In case a pawnshop discovers any person who has been circulated a report by the public

security organ for assistance in investigation or any ill-gotten goods or any other property as listed in

Article 27 of the present Measures, it shall report it to the public security organ immediately.第五十二条典当行发现公安机关通报协查的人员或者赃物以及本办法第二十七条所列其他财物的，应

当立即向公安机关报告有关情况。


Article 53 For any ill-gotten goods or pawned item that is suspected to be ill-gotten goods, the public

security organ shall detain it according to law, and handle it according to the relevant state

provisions.第五十三条对属于赃物或者有赃物嫌疑的当物，公安机关应当依法予以扣押，并依照国家有关规定处

理。


Article 54 The competent department of commerce at the provincial level and the competent

department of commerce at the level of districted city (prefecture) shall establish the system of

regular inspection and irregular spot-check according to the reality of their local regions so as to

discover and solve relevant problems in time. In the case of stealing or robbing, fire disaster,

absorbing savings through fund raising or other major cases involving litigation occurred in any

pawnshop within its jurisdiction, it shall report the case to the upper level competent department of

commerce and local people's government within 24 hours, and circulate a report to the public

security organ of the people's government at the corresponding level.第五十四条省级商务主管部门以及设区的市（地）级商务主管部门应当根据本地实际建立定期检查及

不定期抽查制度，及时发现和处理有关问题；对于辖区内典当行发生的盗抢、火灾、集资吸储及重大

涉讼案件等情况，应当在24小时之内将有关情况报告上级商务主管部门和当地人民政府，并通报同级

人民政府公安机关。


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Article 55 The national association of the pawn industry is the national self-disciplinary organization

of the pawn industry, and is established upon the approval and registration of the civil affairs

department of the State Council, and accepts the business guidance of the departments of

commerce and public security of the State Council.

The local association of pawn industry is the self-disciplinary organization of the local pawn industry,

and is established upon the approval and registration of the local department of civil affairs, and

accepts the business guidance of such departments as commerce and public security at its locality.第五十五条全国性典当行业协会是典当行业的全国性自律组织，经国务院民政部门核准登记后成立，

接受国务院商务、公安等部门的业务指导。

地方性典当行业协会是本地典当行业的自律性组织，经当地民政部门核准登记后成立，接受所在地商

务、公安等部门的业务指导。

Article 56 The Ministry of Commerce authorizes the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level to make annual examination on pawnshops. The concrete measures shall be

formulated by the Ministry of Commerce in addition.

The competent department of commerce at the provincial level shall, within 10 days after annual

examination, circulate a report on the relevant matters to the public security organ and

administrative department of industry and commerce of the people's government at the

corresponding level.第五十六条商务部授权省级商务主管部门对典当行进行年审。具体办法由商务部另行制定。

省级商务主管部门应当在年审后10日内将有关情况通报同级人民政府公安机关和工商行政管理机关。


Article 57 The state implements the system of accreditation on the level of pawn practicing. The

concrete measures shall be formulated by the Ministry of Commerce together with the administrative

department of personnel of the State Council.第五十七条国家推行典当执业水平认证制度。具体办法由商务部会同国务院人事行政部门制定。

Chapter VIII Penalties第八章罚则

Article 58 In case anyone establishes any pawnshop or any branch or illegally carries out any pawn

business by other means, he/it shall be subject to punishment according to the Measures for the

Investigation into and Punishing and Banning Licenseless Business Operations.第五十八条非法设立典当行及分支机构或者以其他方式非法经营典当业务的，依据国务院《无照经营

查处取缔办法》予以处罚。


Article 59 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of item (3) and (4) of Article 26 of the

present Measures and constitutes a crime, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law.第五十九条典当行违反本办法第二十六条第（三）、（四）项规定，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 60 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of item (1), (2) or (3) of Article 28 or the

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provisions of item (1), (2) or (5) of Article 44 of the present Measures, the competent department of

commerce at the provincial level shall order it to correct, and impose a fine of RMB 5000 Yuan up to

RMB 30,000 Yuan; if a crime is constituted, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law.第六十条典当行违反本办法第二十八条第（一）、（二）、（三）项或者第四十四条第（一）、（二）、

（五）项规定的，由省级商务主管部门责令改正，并处5000元以上3万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依

法追究刑事责任。


Article 61 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of item (1) of Article 37 or the provisions of

item (2) (3) or (4) of Article 38 of the present Measures, the competent department of commerce at

the provincial level shall order it to correct, and impose a fine of RMB 5000 Yuan up to RMB 30,000

Yuan; if a crime is constituted, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law.第六十一条典当行违反本办法第三十七条第一款或者第三十八条第二、三、四款规定的，由省级商务

主管部门责令改正，并处5000元以上3万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 62 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of Article 45 of the present Measures,

conceals its real management situation, provides any false financial report or financial statements or

evades taxation and supervision by any other means, the competent department of commerce at the

provincial level shall order it to correct and circulate a report to the relevant departments to make

investigation and punishment according to law. If any crime is constituted, it shall be subject to

criminal liabilities according to law.第六十二条典当行违反本办法第四十五条规定，隐瞒真实经营情况，提供虚假财务会计报告及财务报

表，或者采用其他方式逃避税收与监管的，由省级商务主管部门责令改正，并通报相关部门依法查处；



Article 63 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of Article 27 of the present Measures, the

public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to correct,

and impose a fine of RMB 5000 Yuan up to RMB 30,000 Yuan; if any crime is constituted, it shall be

subject to criminal liabilities according to law.第六十三条典当行违反本办法第二十七条规定的，由县级以上人民政府公安机关责令改正，并处5000元以上3万元以下罚款；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 64 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of item (1), (2) or (5) of Article 26, item (4) of

Article 28, or Article 34 of the present Measures, the competent department of commerce at the level

of districted city (prefecture) where it is located shall order it to correct, and/or impose a fine of RMB

5000 Yuan up to RMB 30,000 Yuan.

In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of Article 29 or item (3) or (5) of Article 43 of the

present Measures, receives the pawned items whose circulation is restricted or handles any

absolutely pawned item without obtaining the corresponding approval or consent, the competent

department of commerce at the level of districted city (prefecture) where it is located shall order it to

correct, and impose a fine of RMB 1000 Yuan up to RMB 5,000 Yuan concurrently.

181

In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of item (3) or (4) of Article 44 of the present Measures,

has no actual capital and disturbs the order of business operation, the competent department of

commerce at the level of the city (prefecture) where it is located shall order it to make up the amount

of capital within a prescribed time limit or reduce its registered capital, and impose a fine of RMB

5000 Yuan up to RMB 30,000 Yuan concurrently.第六十四条典当行违反本办法第二十六条第（一）、（二）、（五）项，第二十八条第（四）项或者

第三十四条规定的，由所在地设区的市（地）级商务主管部门责令改正，单处或者并处5000元以上3万元以下罚款。

典当行违反本办法第二十九条或者第四十三条第（三）、（五）项的规定，收当限制流通物或者处理

绝当物未获得相应批准或者同意的，由所在地设区的市（地）级商务主管部门责令改正，并处1000元

以上5000元以下罚款。

典当行违反本办法第四十四条第（三）、（四）项规定，资本不实，扰乱经营秩序的，由所在地设区

的市（地）级商务主管部门责令限期补足或者减少注册资本，并处以5000元以上3万元以下罚款。


Article 65 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of paragraph three of Article 35 or the

provisions of Article 51 of the present Measures, the public security organ of the people's

government at or above the county level shall order it to correct and impose a fine of RMB 200 Yuan

up to RMB 1000 Yuan.第六十五条典当行违反本办法第三十五条第三款或者第五十一条规定的，由县级以上人民政府公安机

关责令改正，并处200元以上1000元以下罚款。


Article 66 In case any pawnshop violates the provisions of Article 52 of the present Measures, the

public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to correct

and impose a fine of RMB 2000 Yuan up to RMB 10,000 Yuan; if it results in serious consequences

or refuses to make corrections despite of repeated admonition, it shall be given a fine of RMB 5000

Yuan up to RMB 30,000 Yuan.

In case any pawnshop knowingly harbors, destroys or transfers any ill-gotten goods, it shall be

subject to the administrative punishment of public security according to law; if it constitutes a crime,

it shall be subject to criminal liabilities according to law.第六十六条典当行违反本办法第五十二条规定的，由县级以上人民政府公安机关责令改正，并处2000元以上1万元以下罚款；造成严重后果或者屡教不改的，处5000元以上3万元以下罚款。

对明知是赃物而窝藏、销毁、转移的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


Article 67 In case any pawnshop forces any person to pawn any item by means of violence or

menace, or infringes the lawful rights and interests of any pawner by any other illegal means, it shall

be deemed as constituting an violation of public security administration, and shall be subject to

administrative punishment of public security by the public security organ according to law; if a crime

is constituted, it shall be subject to criminal liabilities.第六十七条典当行采用暴力、威胁手段强迫他人典当，或者以其他不正当手段侵犯当户合法权益，构

成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。


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Article 68 The competent department of commerce and the public security organ shall cooperate

with each other during the process of investigation and spying into any illegal and criminal act of any

pawnshop, and shall make investigation and verification on the acts of any pawnshop violating the

present Measures discovered by them, and circulate a report to each other on the results of

investigation and punishment; if a pawnshop is suspected of committing a crime, the competent

department of commerce shall transfer it to the public security organ in time for handling.第六十八条在调查、侦查典当行违法犯罪行为过程中，商务主管部门与公安机关应当相互配合。商务

主管部门和公安机关发现典当行有违反本办法行为的，应当进行调查、核实，并相互通报查处结果；

涉嫌构成犯罪的，商务主管部门应当及时移送公安机关处理。

Article 69 In case any staff member of the competent department of commerce or the public security

organ violates any law, regulation or the provisions of the present Measures in the examination and

approval for the establishment, alteration and termination of any pawnshop, or abuses its power,

seeks private gains or is derelict of duty in the supervision and administration work, the

person-in-charge who is directly responsible and other personnel directly liable shall be subject to

administrative punishment according to law; if a crime is constituted, he shall be subject to criminal

liabilities according to law.第六十九条商务主管部门、公安机关工作人员在典当行设立、变更及终止审批中违反法律、法规和本

办法规定，或者在监督管理工作中滥用职权、徇私舞弊、玩忽职守的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他

直接责任人员依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions第九章附则

Article 70 The competent departments of commerce and public security organs of all the provinces,

autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate

concrete implementation measures according to the present Measures or make provisions on the

relevant matters relating to entrusted or authorized administration, and report them to the Ministry of

Commerce and the Ministry of Public Security for archival filing.第七十条各省、自治区、直辖市商务主管部门、公安机关可以依据本办法，制定具体实施办法或者就

有关授权委托管理事项作出规定，并报商务部、公安部备案。

（相关资料: 部门规章1篇）

Article 71 The measures for the administration of foreign-funded pawnshops and pawnshops

invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors shall be formulated additionally by the Ministry

of Commerce together with other relevant departments.第七十一条外商及港、澳、台商投资典当行的管理办法由商务部会同有关部门另行制定。

Article 72 The power to interpret the present Measures shall remain with the Ministry of Commerce

and the Ministry of Public Security.第七十二条本办法由商务部、公安部负责解释。

Article 73 The present Measures shall come into force as of April 1st, 2005. The Measures for the

Administration of Pawnshops(Order No.22 of the State Economic and Trade Commission) and the

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Measures for the Public Security Administration of the Pawn Industry (Order No.26 of the Ministry of

Public Security) shall be repealed simultaneously.第七十三条本办法自2005年4月1日起施行。《典当行管理办法》（国家经贸委令第22号）、《典当

业治安管理办法》（公安部第26号令）同时废止。


184


【TitleTitleTitleTitle】AdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrativeAdministrative MeasuresMeasuresMeasuresMeasures forforforfor Stock-PledgedStock-PledgedStock-PledgedStock-Pledged LoansLoansLoansLoans ofofofof SecuritiesSecuritiesSecuritiesSecuritiesCompaniesCompaniesCompaniesCompanies[现行有效]【法规标题】中国人民银行、中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国证券监督管理委员

会关于印发《证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法》的通知[Effective]




China Banking Regulatory

Commission,China Securities Regulatory

Commission,People's Bank of China

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Securities

发布日

期：

2004-11-02

生效日

期：

2004-11-02

发布部

门：

中国银行业监督管理

委员会，中国证券监

督管理委员会，中国

人民银行

类别：证券

Administrative Measures for Stock-Pledged Loans of Securities Companies

(Issued by the People’s Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission and China

Securities Regulatory Commission, on November 4, 2004)中国人民银行、中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国证券监督

管理委员会关于印发《证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法》的通知

（银发[2004]256号二00四年十一月二日）

（相关资料: 部门规章2篇其他规范性文件5篇相关论文6篇）

各国有独资商业银行、股份制商业银行，中国证券登记结算有限责任公司，上海证券交易所，深圳证

券交易所，中国人民银行各分行、营业管理部、各省会(首府)城市中心支行，大连、青岛、宁波、厦

门、深圳市中心支行，中国银行业监督管理委员会各省、自治区、直辖市监管局，大连、宁波、厦门、

青岛、深圳监管局，中国证券监督管理委员会各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市监管局：

为拓宽证券公司融资渠道，支持我国资本市场健康发展，中国人民银行、中国银行业监督管理委员会

和中国证券监督管理委员会对2000年2月2日中国人民银行和中国证券监督管理委员会联合发布的《证

券公司股票质押贷款管理办法》进行了修订。现将修订后的《证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法》印发

你们，请遵照执行。请中国人民银行各分行、营业管理部、省会 (首府)城市中心支行将本通知转发至

辖区内城市商业银行、农村商业银行。

附件

证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法

Chapter I General Provisions第一章总则

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Article 1 For the purposes of regulating the stock-pledged loan business, protecting the legitimate

rights and interests of lenders and borrowers, preventing financial risks and promoting the stable

and sound development of the capital market of China, the present Measures are formulated in

accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the People’s Bank, Banking

Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on

Commercial Banks, Securities Law of the People’s Republic of Chinaand the Guaranty Law of the

People’s Republic of China.第一条为规范股票质押贷款业务，维护借贷双方的合法权益，防范金融风险，促进我国资本市场的稳

健发展，根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法》、《中华

人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人民共和国证券法》、《中华人民共和国担保法》的有关规定，特

制定本办法。

Article 2 The term "stock-pledged loans" as mentioned in the present Measures refers to the loans

provided by commercial banks to securities companies that use proprietary stocks, securities

investment fund certificates or convertible bonds issued by listed companies as pledge.第二条本办法所称股票质押贷款，是指证券公司以自营的股票、证券投资基金券和上市公司可转换债

券作质押，从商业银行获得资金的一种贷款方式。

Article 3 The term "pledge" as mentioned in the present Measures refers to RMB common stocks in

proprietary trading by securities companies and listed and traded in the securities exchange (A

shares), notes of securities investment fund certificates and convertible bonds issued by listed

companies (hereinafter referred to as stock).第三条本办法所称质物，是指在证券交易所上市流通的、证券公司自营的人民币普通股票（A股）、

证券投资基金券和上市公司可转换债券（以下统称股票）。

Article 4 The term "borrowers" as mentioned in the present Measures refers to securities companies

(head office of the legal entity) legally established and approved by the China Securities Regulatory

Commission to engage in the securities proprietary business. The term "lenders" herein refers to the

legally established commercial banks that conduct stock-pledged loan business with the approval of

the China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as commercial banks). In the

present Measures, the securities registration and clearing institution refers to the legal registration

and clearing institution of the pledge.第四条本办法所称借款人为依法设立并经中国证券监督管理委员会批准可经营证券自营业务的证券

公司（指法人总部，下同），贷款人为依法设立并经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准可经营股票质押

贷款业务的商业银行（以下统称商业银行）。证券登记结算机构为本办法所指质物的法定登记结算机

构。

Article 5 Where a commercial bank authorizes any of its branches to handle the business of

stock-pledged loans, it shall report to the CBRC for archival purposes.第五条商业银行授权其分支机构办理股票质押贷款业务须报中国银行业监督管理委员会备案。

Article 6 The use of a stock-pledged loan of a borrower shall meet the requirements as prescribed in

the Securities Law of the People’s of China. Such a loan shall be used for replenishing the shortage

of circulating fund only.

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第六条借款人通过股票质押贷款所得资金的用途，必须符合《中华人民共和国证券法》的有关规定，

用于弥补流动资金的不足。

Article 7 The People’s Bank of China and the CBRC shall supervise the stock-pledged loan

business.第七条中国人民银行、中国银行业监督管理委员会依法对股票质押贷款业务实施监督管理。

Chapter II Lenders and Borrowers第二章贷款人、借款人

Article 8 A lender who applies for engaging in the stock-pledged loan business shall satisfy the

following requirements:

(1) Its capital adequacy ratio and other supervisory indicators meet the relevant requirements of the

CBRC;

(2) It has a sound internal control mechanism and has established and implemented a centralized

lending system;

(3) It has formulated risk control measures and operation procedures for the stock-pledged loan

business;

(4) It has professional departments and personnel to be responsible for the operation and

management of stock-pledged loan business;

(5) It has a special business management information system, can timely learn of the stock market

situation and important information of listed companies, and is capable of analyzing and studying

categorized stocks as well as determining the pledge ratios thereof;

(6) Other conditions as prescribed by the CBRC.第八条申请开办股票质押贷款业务的贷款人，应具备以下条件：

（一）资本充足率等监管指标符合中国银行业监督管理委员会的有关规定；

（二）内控机制健全，制定和实施了统一授信制度；

（三）制定了与办理股票质押贷款业务相关的风险控制措施和业务操作流程；

（四）有专职部门和人员负责经营和管理股票质押贷款业务；

（五）有专门的业务管理信息系统，能同步了解股票市场行情以及上市公司有关重要信息，具备对分

类股票分析、研究和确定质押率的能力；

（六）中国银行业监督管理委员会认为应具备的其他条件。

Article 9 A borrower shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Its assets are of adequate liquidity and it is able to repay the principal and interests of the loan;

(2) Its self-operation businesses meet the relevant provisions of the CSRC on risk control ratios;

(3) It has retained enough loan loss reserves as required by the CSRC;

(4) It has regularly disclosed its balance sheets, net assets calculation statements, profit statements,

profit distribution statements and other information as required by the CSRC;

(5) During the recent one year, it has no record of serious violation of regulation or discipline, or

special risk as determined by the CSRC, and none of its senior managerial personnel and main

professionals has any bad record as determined by the CSRC;

(6) The client’ s transaction settlement fund has been deposited separately upon confirmation of the

CSRC and hasn’t been misappropriated; and

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(7) Other conditions as required by the lender.第九条借款人应具备以下条件：

（一）资产具有充足的流动性，且具备还本付息能力；

（二）其自营业务符合中国证券监督管理委员会规定的有关风险控制比率；

（三）已按中国证券监督管理委员会规定提取足额的交易风险准备金；

（四）已按中国证券监督管理委员会规定定期披露资产负债表、净资本计算表、利润表及利润分配表

等信息；

（五）最近一年经营中未出现中国证券监督管理委员会认定的重大违规违纪行为或特别风险事项，现

任高级管理人员和主要业务人员无中国证券监督管理委员会认定的重大不良记录；

（六）客户交易结算资金经中国证券监督管理委员会认定已实现有效独立存管，未挪用客户交易结算

资金；

（七）贷款人要求的其他条件。

Chapter III Term of Loan, Interest Rate and Pledge Rate第三章贷款的期限、利率、质押率

Article 10 The term of a stock-pledged loan shall be determined by both the borrowing and lending

parties, but shall not exceed 1 year. After the expiry of the loan contract, no extension may be made.

A new stock-pledged loan shall be subject to examination and approval under the present

Measures. If the borrower intends to pay the loan ahead of schedule, it shall obtain the permission of

the lender.第十条股票质押贷款期限由借贷双方协商确定，但最长为一年。借款合同到期后，不得展期，新发生

的质押贷款按本办法规定重新审查办理。借款人提前还款，须经贷款人同意。

Article 11 The interest rate and interest calculation method of a stock-pledged loan shall be

implemented in accordance with the provisions of the People’s Bank of China regarding the interest

rates.第十一条股票质押贷款利率水平及计结息方式按照中国人民银行利率管理规定执行。

Article 12 The stock used as pledge of a loan shall have good performances, appropriate amount of

circulating capital and relatively high liquidity. No lender may accept any of the following stocks as a

pledge:

(1) The stock issued by a company that is at a loss in the previous year;

(2) A stock of which the price fluctuates at a ratio exceeding 200 % (the highest price / the lowest

price);

(3) A stock whose circulating shares are excessively centralized;

(4) A stock that is suspended or delisted in a stock exchange;

(5) A stock specially disposed of by the stock exchange; or

(6) Where a stock exchange holds 5% or more of the shares issued by a listed company, it shall not

use the stock as a pledge; however, it isn’t subject to this restriction if it holds 5% or more of the

shares due to the purchase of after-sale remainder of stocks for underwriting.第十二条用于质押贷款的股票应业绩优良、流通股本规模适度、流动性较好。贷款人不得接受以下几

种股票作为质物：

（一）上一年度亏损的上市公司股票；

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（二）前六个月内股票价格的波动幅度（最高价/最低价）超过200%的股票；

（三）可流通股股份过度集中的股票；

（四）证券交易所停牌或除牌的股票；

（五）证券交易所特别处理的股票；

（六）证券公司持有一家上市公司已发行股份的5%以上的，该证券公司不得以该种股票质押；但是，

证券公司因包销购入售后剩余股票而持有5%以上股份的，不受此限。

Article 13 The stock pledge rate shall, in light of the borrower’s financial status and credit standing,

be decided by the lender and the borrower through negotiation, but it shall not exceed 60%. The

adjustment to the maximum stock pledge rate shall be decided by the People’s Bank of China and

the CBRC.

The computation formula of pledge rate:

The Pledge Rate = (the Principal of Loan / the Market Value of Pledged Stock) × 100%

The Market Value of Pledged Stock = Number of Pledged Stock × the Average Closing Price during

the Previous 7 Dealing Days第十三条股票质押率由贷款人依据被质押的股票质量及借款人的财务和资信状况与借款人商定，但股

票质押率最高不能超过60%。质押率上限的调整由中国人民银行和中国银行业监督管理委员会决定。

质押率的计算公式：

质押率＝（贷款本金/质押股票市值）×100%质押股票市值＝质押股票数量×前七个交易日股票平均收盘价。

Chapter IV. Procedures for Loans第四章贷款程序

Article 14 When a borrower applies for a stock-pledged loan, it shall submit the following materials to

a lender:

(1) The enterprise legal person business license, legal person code certificate and identification

document of the legal representative;

(2) The loan card (certificate) issued by the People’s Bank of China;

(3) The balance sheet, profit and loss statement and net asset calculation statement of the previous

month, and the financial accounting statements of the previous year (including annotations) upon

audit of an accounting (auditing) firm;

(4) The certification documents issued by the securities registration and clearing institution about the

rights to the pledge;

(5) The basic information of the listed company whose stock is to be pledged; and

(6) Other materials as required by the lender.第十四条借款人申请质押贷款时，必须向贷款人提供以下材料：

（一）企业法人营业执照、法人代码证、法定代表人证明文件；

（二）中国人民银行颁发的贷款卡（证）；

（三）上月的资产负债表、损益表和净资本计算表及经会计（审计）师事务所审计的上一年度的财务

报表（含附注）；

（四）由证券登记结算机构出具的质物的权利证明文件；

（五）用作质物的股票上市公司的基本情况；

（六）贷款人要求的其它材料。

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Article 15 After the lender receives the loan application of a borrower, it shall investigate into and

verify the borrower’s loan purposes, credit standing, financial solvency, authenticity of materials, and

the basic information about the stock to be pledged. It shall timely give the borrower a reply as well.第十五条贷款人收到借款人的借款申请后，对借款人的借款用途、资信状况、偿还能力、资料的真实

性，以及用作质物的股票的基本情况进行调查核实，并及时对借款人给予答复。

Article 16 Before a lender grants a loan, it shall meticulously analyze the credit risks and financial

solvency of the borrower, and shall determine the limit on the amount of loan to the borrower in light

of the unified credit management measures.第十六条贷款人在贷款前，应审慎分析借款人信贷风险和财务承担能力，根据统一授信管理办法，核

定借款人的贷款限额。

Article 17 After the lender approves the loan application of the borrower, it shall enter into a loan

contract with the borrower in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations.第十七条贷款人对借款人的借款申请审查同意后，根据有关法律、法规与借款人签订借款合同。

Article 18 After the lender and borrower have concluded a loan contract, both parties shall go

through the pledge registration formalities in the securities registration and clearing institution, which

shall issue the lender a certification document of stock pledge registration.第十八条借款人和贷款人签订借款合同后，双方应共同在证券登记结算机构办理出质登记。证券登记

结算机构应向贷款人出具股票质押登记的证明文件。

Article 19 Before the lender grants a stock-pledged loan, it shall set up a special seat for the

stock-pledged loan business in the stock exchange so as to keep and dispose of the stock in pledge.

After having granted a loan, the lender shall timely input the relevant information about the

stock-pledged loan into the credit registration and consulting system.第十九条贷款人在发放股票质押贷款前，应在证券交易所开设股票质押贷款业务特别席位，专门保管

和处分作为质物的股票。贷款人应在贷款发放后，将股票质押贷款的有关信息及时录入信贷登记咨询

系统。

Article 20 The borrower shall repay the principal and interests of the loan according to the

contractual stipulations. After the borrower pays off the loan, the loan contract terminates

automatically. At the same time, the lender shall go through the pledge deregistration formalities as

well as return the certification documents of stock-pledge registration to the borrower.第二十条借款人应按借款合同的约定偿还贷款本息。在借款人清偿贷款后，借款合同自行终止。贷款

人应在借款合同终止的同时办理质押登记注销手续，并将股票质押登记的证明文件退还给借款人。

Chapter V. Control of Credit Risks第五章贷款风险控制

Article 21 The balance of the stock-pledged loans shall not exceed 15 % of the amount of net capital

of the lender. The balance of the stock-pledged loans granted by the lender to a securities company

shall not exceed 5 % of the amount of net capital of the lender.第二十一条贷款人发放的股票质押贷款余额，不得超过其资本净额的15%；贷款人对一家证券公司发

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放的股票质押贷款余额，不得超过贷款人资本净额的5%。

Article 22 Where a borrower is under any of the following circumstances, it shall notify the lender:

(1) It is difficult to repay the principal or interests of a loan when the time is due;

(2) Reducing capital, merging, splitting, dissolving or applying for bankruptcy;

(3) Altering the equities; or

(4) Other circumstances as stipulated in the loan contract.第二十二条借款人出现下列情形之一时，应当及时通知贷款人：

（一）预计到期难以偿付贷款利息或本金；

（二）减资、合并、分立、解散及申请破产；

（三）股权变更；

（四）借款合同中约定的其他情形。

Article 23 A listed company’s stock accepted as a pledge by a commercial bank or its branch shall

not exceed 10 % of all the circulation stocks of this listed company. A listed company’s stock used

as a pledge by a securities company shall not exceed 10 % of all the circulation stocks of this listed

company, nor may it exceed 5% of the shares already issued by the listed company. The pledged

stock of listed company shall not exceed 20 % of all the circulation stocks of this listed company. The

above-mentioned rates shall be subject to the supervision and control of the securities registration

and clearing institution. As to the stocks exceeding the prescribed rates, the securities registration

and clearing institution shall not handle the pledge registration. The People’s Bank of China and the

CBRC may adjust the aforesaid rates in due time.第二十三条一家商业银行及其分支机构接受的用于质押的一家上市公司股票，不得高于该上市公司全

部流通股票的10%。一家证券公司用于质押的一家上市公司股票，不得高于该上市公司全部流通股票

的10%，并且不得高于该上市公司已发行股份的5%。被质押的一家上市公司股票不得高于该上市公司

全部流通股票的20%。上述比率由证券登记结算机构负责监控，对超过规定比率的股票，证券登记结

算机构不得进行出质登记。中国人民银行和中国银行业监督管理委员会可根据需要适时调整上述比率。

Article 24 A lender shall be entitled to verify the authenticity and lawfulness of the pledge through the

securities registration and clearing institution. At the request of a lender, the securities registration

and clearing institution shall timely provide it with pertinent true information.第二十四条贷款人有权向证券登记结算机构核实质物的真实性、合法性，证券登记结算机构应根据贷

款人的要求，及时真实地提供有关情况。

Article 25 A lender shall analyze the risks and value of each stock at any time, shall select the stocks

fit for the pledged loans of this bank, and shall, in light of their respective price, profitability, liquidity

and the business status and financial indicators, as well as the overall information of the stock

market, make a checklist of the stocks acceptable as a pledge and the pledge rates.第二十五条贷款人应随时分析每只股票的风险和价值，选择适合本行质押贷款的股票，并根据其价格、

盈利性、流动性和上市公司的经营情况、财务指标以及股票市场的总体情况等，制定本行可接受质押

的股票及其质押率的清单。

Article 26 A lender shall track the market value of the pledged stocks it holds and shall conduct at

least one assessment of the total market value of the pledged stock of each borrower every dealing

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day.第二十六条贷款人应随时对持有的质押股票市值进行跟踪，并在每个交易日至少评估一次每个借款人

出质股票的总市值。


Article 27 A warning line and a closing line shall be set up for the purpose of controlling the risks

arising from fluctuations of stock prices. The minimum rate of warning line (market value of the

pledged stock / principal of loan × 100%) shall be 135%. The minimum rate of closing line (market

value of pledged stock / principal of loan × 100% shall be 120%. When the ratio between the market

value of a pledged stock and the principal of loan falls below the warning line, the lender shall

demand the borrower to immediately replenish the gap of the pledge value resulted from the falling

of the securities price. When the ratio between the market value of a pledged stock and the principal

of loan falls below the closing line, the lender shall timely sell the pledged stock. The proceeds from

the sale of pledged stock shall be used for repaying the principal and interests. The surplus shall be

paid back to the borrower and the inadequacy shall be paid off by the borrower.第二十七条为控制因股票价格波动带来的风险，特设立警戒线和平仓线。警戒线比例（质押股票市值

／贷款本金×100%）最低为135%，平仓线比例（质押股票市值／贷款本金×100%）最低为120%。在

质押股票市值与贷款本金之比降至警戒线时，贷款人应要求借款人即时补足因证券价格下跌造成的质

押价值缺口。在质押股票市值与贷款本金之比降至平仓线时，贷款人应及时出售质押股票，所得款项

用于还本付息，余款清退给借款人，不足部分由借款人清偿。


Chapter VI Preservation and Disposal of Pledge第六章质物的保管和处分

Article 28 The lender shall set up a special seat for the pledged stock (hereinafter referred to the

SSPS), which shall be used for preserving and disposing the pledge. It shall also open a special

fund settlement account (hereinafter referred to as the SFSA), which shall be used for clearing

relevant funds. During the term of the loan contract, the borrower shall not transfer any stock kept

under the SSPS except for the circumstance as mentioned in Article 33 of the present Measures as

well as other circumstances agreed to by the borrower and the lender through negotiation.第二十八条贷款人应在证券交易所开设股票质押特别席位（以下简称特别席位），用于质物的存放和

处分；在证券登记结算机构开设特别资金结算账户（以下简称资金账户），用于相关的资金结算。借

款合同存续期间，存放在特别席位下的股票，借款人不得转让，但本办法第三十三条规定以及借款人

和贷款人协商同意的情形除外。

Article 29 The securities registration and clearing institutions shall, according to the application of the

pledger and lender, timely deposit the full amount of pledged stock under the SSPS of the lender.第二十九条证券登记结算机构应根据出质人及贷款人的申请将出质股票足额、及时转移至贷款人特别

席位下存放。

Article 30 The borrower may apply to the lender, and upon the consent of the lender, for concluding

a new contract between both parties on partially changing (or entirely) the pledge. Upon permission

of the lender, both parties shall jointly go through the formalities for the pledge modification

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registration in the securities registration and clearing institution. After the completion of the aforesaid

formalities, the securities registration and clearing institution shall issue the lender a new stock

pledge registration certificate.第三十条借款人可向贷款人提出申请，经贷款人同意后，双方重新签订合同，进行部分（或全部）质

物的置换，经贷款人同意后，由双方共同向证券登记结算机构办理质押变更登记。质押变更后，证券

登记结算机构应向贷款人重新出具股票质物登记证明。

Article 31 During the term of the pledge contract, the borrower may apply to the lender, and upon the

consent of the lender, for selling some or all of the pledge by following the instructions of the

borrower. The proceeds from selling the pledge shall be deposited in the SFSA of the lender. It shall

be entirely (or partly) used for repaying the loan ahead of schedule, of which the surplus shall be

paid back to the borrower.第三十一条在质押合同期内，借款人可向贷款人申请，贷款人同意后，按借款人的指令，由贷款人进

行部分（或全部）质物的卖出，卖出资金必须进入贷款人资金账户存放，该资金用于全部（或部分）

提前归还贷款，多余款项退借款人。

Article 32 The lender shall inform the occurrence of any of the following circumstances and shall

demand the borrower to provide more pledge or change the pledge or deposit more fund in the

SFSA of the lender:

(1) The market value of the pledge is below the warning line as mentioned in Article 27 of the

present Measures; or

(2) Any of the circumstances as mentioned in Article 12 of the present Measures.第三十二条出现以下情况之一，贷款人应通知借款人，并要求借款人立即追加质物、置换质物或增加

在贷款人资金账户存放资金：

（一）质物的市值处于本办法第二十七条规定的警戒线以下；

（二）质物出现本办法第十二条中的情形之一。

Article 33 When the market value of the pledged stock is at or below the closing line as mentioned in

Article 27 of the present Measures, the lender shall be entitled to unconditionally dispose of the

pledged stock, from which the proceeds shall be directly used for repaying the pledged claims of the

lender.第三十三条用于质押股票的市值处于本办法第二十七条规定的平仓线以下（含平仓线）的，贷款人有

权无条件处分该质押股票，所得的价款直接用于清偿所担保的贷款人债权。


Article 34 A lender shall return the pledge to the borrower when the borrower has fulfilled the

obligation of repayment at the expiry of the loan contract. The lender shall be entitled to sell the

pledged stock through its SSPS, if the borrower fails to repay the loan, and the proceeds from the

selling shall be used for repaying the claims of lender directly.第三十四条借款合同期满，借款人履行还款义务的，贷款人应将质物归还借款人；借款合同期满，借

款人没有履行还款义务的，贷款人有权依照合同约定通过特别席位卖出质押股票，所得的价款直接用

于清偿所担保的贷款人债权。

Article 35 During the term of the pledge, the propagated interests (including the scrip issue,

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dividends, interests, etc.) of the pledged stock shall also be pledged.

Where any stock option is allotted to the pledge within the term of the pledge, the borrower shall

purchase and pledge the newly issued stocks. If the borrower fails to do so and therefore causes the

pledge value to decline, the pledge shall be timely replenished.第三十五条质物在质押期间所产生的孳息（包括送股、分红、派息等）随质物一起质押。

质物在质押期间发生配股时，出质人应当购买并随质物一起质押。出质人不购买而出现质物价值缺口

的，出质人应当及时补足。

Chapter VII第七章罚则

Article 36 Where a lender commits any of the following acts, it shall be given a warning by the CBRC

in accordance with the law. If the circumstance is serious, it shall be suspended or disqualified from

conducting the stock-pledged loan business.

(1) Conducting stock-pledged loan business without the approval of the CBRC;

(2) Granting a stock-pledged loan to an unqualified securities company as stipulated in the present

Measures;

(3) Granting a stock-pledged loan for a term longer than 1 year;

(4) Accepting a stock, which is banned by the present Measures from being pledged, as a pledge;

(5) Its pledge ratio and other loan control ratios exceeding the limits as stipulated in the present

Measures;

(6) Failing to provide stock-pledged loans in accordance with the unified credit system and

prudential principle, or

(7) Divulging the important confidential information about a stock-pledged loan and the commercial

secrets of the borrower.第三十六条贷款人有下列行为之一的，由中国银行业监督管理委员会依法给予警告。情节严重的，暂

停或取消其办理股票质押贷款业务资格，并追究有关人员的责任：

（一）未经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准从事股票质押贷款业务；

（二）对不具备本办法规定资格的证券公司发放股票质押贷款；

（三）发放股票质押贷款的期限超过一年；

（四）接受本办法禁止质押的股票为质物；

（五）质押率和其它贷款额度控制比率超过本办法规定的比率；

（六）未按统一授信制度和审慎原则等规定发放股票质押贷款；

（七）泄露与股票质押贷款相关的重要信息和借款人商业秘密。

Article 37 Where a borrower commits any of the following acts, the CBRC shall, in light of the actual

circumstances, give it a warning or circulate a notice, as well as investigate into and punish the

pertinent liable persons:

(1) Using a non-proprietary stock to obtain a stock-pledged loan;

(2) Failing to use the loan by following the use as stipulated in the contract;

(3) Refusing or obstructing the lender from supervising and inspecting the uses of the loan; or

(4) Failing to fulfill the obligation of information disclosure in accordance with Article 9 (4) in the

present Measures.第三十七条借款人有下列行为之一的，由中国证券监督管理委员会视情节轻重，给予警告、通报，并

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追究有关人员的责任：

（一）用非自营股票办理股票质押贷款；

（二）未按合同约定的用途使用贷款；

（三）拒绝或阻挠贷款人监督检查贷款使用情况；

（四）未按本办法第九条第（四）项之规定履行信息披露义务。

Article 38 Where a securities registration and clearing institution has any of the following acts, its

administrative organ shall, in light of the actual circumstances, give it a warning, circulate a notice,

and investigate and punish the relevant liable persons.第三十八条证券登记结算机构有下列行为之一的，由其主管机关视情节轻重，给予警告、通报，并追

究有关人员的责任：

（一）未按贷款人要求核实股票的真实性与合法性；

（二）未按贷款人要求及时办理质押股票的冻结和解冻；

（三）为超过本办法第二十三条规定比率的股票办理质押登记；

（四）为借款人虚增质物数量或出具虚假质押证明。

Article 39 The People’s Bank of China and its branches may propose the CBRC, CSRC and their

respective dispatched institutions to conduct supervision and inspection over the acts that violate

any of the present Measures. The supervisory organ shall timely send the People’s Bank of China or

its branch a copy of the result of investigation and punishment to such an act.第三十九条中国人民银行及其分支机构可以建议中国银行业监督管理委员会、中国证券监督管理委员

会及上述两个机构的派出机构对违反本办法规定的行为进行监督检查。监管机关对上述行为的查处结

果应及时抄送中国人民银行或其分支机构。

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions第八章附则

Article 40 A securities registration and clearing institution shall draft relevant detailed implementation

rules in pursuance of the present Measures.第四十条证券登记结算机构应按照本办法制定有关实施细则。

Article 41 A commercial bank engaging in stock-pledged loan business shall draft detailed

implementing rules in accordance with the present Measures and pertinent operation procedures

and management system, and report it to the People’s Bank of China and CBRC for archival

purposes.第四十一条商业银行从事股票质押贷款业务，应根据本办法制定实施细则，以及相应的业务操作流程

和管理制度，并报中国人民银行和中国银行业监督管理委员会备案。

Article 42 The relevant expenses incurred by the lender in handling stock-pledged loan business

shall be shared by the lender and borrower on the basis of negotiation.第四十二条贷款人办理股票质押业务中所发生的相关费用由借贷双方协商解决。

Article 43 The power to interpret the present Measures shall remain with the People’s Bank of China

jointly with the CBRC and CSRC.第四十三条本办法由中国人民银行会同中国银行业监督管理委员会和中国证券监督管理委员会解释。

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Article 44 The present Measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation. The

Administrative Measures for the Stock-pledged Loans of Securities Companiesshall be abolished

simultaneously.第四十四条本办法自发布之日起执行，2000年2月2日由中国人民银行和中国证券监督管理委员会颁

布的《证券公司股票质押贷款管理办法》同时废止。


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【TitleTitleTitleTitle】TrustTrustTrustTrust LawLawLawLaw ofofofof thethethethe People'sPeople'sPeople'sPeople's RepublicRepublicRepublicRepublic ofofofof ChinaChinaChinaChina[现行有效]【法规标题】中华人民共和国信托法[Effective]





People's Congress

AreaAreaAreaArea ofofofof law:law:law:law: Banking & Finance

发布日

期：

2001-04-28

生效日

期：

2001-10-01

发布部


类别：金融

Order of the President of the People’s Republic of China（No.50）

Trust Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted at the 21st session of the Standing

Committee of the Ninth National People’s Congress on April. 28, 2001, and is hereby promulgated

and shall come into force on Oct.1, 2001.

President of the People’s Republic of China: Jiang Zemin

Trust Law of the People’s Republic of China

(Adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People’s Congress on

April 28, 2001)

Contents

Chapter 1. General provisions

Chapter 2. Establishment of a trust

Chapter 3. Trust property

Chapter 4. Parties to a trust

Section 1. Trustor

Section 2. Trustee

Section 3. Beneficiary

Chapter 5. Change and termination of trust

Chapter 6. Public trust

Chapter 7. Supplementary provisions中华人民共和国主席令

（第五十号）

（相关资料: 法律2篇行政法规2篇部门规章24篇其他规范性文件5篇地方法规9篇裁判文书17篇

条文释义相关论文255篇实务指南）

《中华人民共和国信托法》已由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议

于２００１年４月２８日通过，现予公布，自２００１年１０月１日起施行。

197

中华人民共和国主席江泽民

２００１年４月２８日

中华人民共和国信托法

（２００１年４月２８日第九届全国人民代表

大会常务委员会第二十一次会议通过）

目录

第一章总则

第二章信托的设立

第三章信托财产

第四章信托当事人

第一节委托人

第二节受托人

第三节受益人

第五章信托的变更与终止

第六章公益信托

第七章附则

Chapter 1. General Provisions第一章总则

Article 1. This law is formulated in order to regulate the trust relationship, normalize trust acts,

protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties to a trust and promote the healthy development

of the trust business.第一条为了调整信托关系，规范信托行为，保护信托当事人的合法权益，促进信托事业的健康发展，

制定本法。


Article 2. Trust in this Law refers to the act in which the trustor, on the basis of confidence on the

trustee, entrusts certain property rights it owns to the trustee and the trustee manages or disposes of

the property rights in its own name in accordance with the intentions of the trustor and for the benefit

of the beneficiary or for specific purposes.第二条本法所称信托，是指委托人基于对受托人的信任，将其财产权委托给受托人，由受托人按委托

人的意愿以自己的名义，为受益人的利益或者特定目的，进行管理或者处分的行为。

（相关资料: 裁判文书3篇条文释义相关论文31篇实务指南）

Article 3. This Law applies to the trustor, trustee and beneficiary (hereinafter referred to in general as

parties to a trust) conducting civil, business or public trust activities within the boundaries of the

People’s Republic of China.第三条委托人、受托人、受益人（以下统称信托当事人）在中华人民共和国境内进行民事、营业、公

益信托活动，适用本法。


Article 4. Trustees engage in trust activities by way of fiduciary institutions, the specific measures for

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the organization and management of which are to be formulated by the State Council.第四条受托人采取信托机构形式从事信托活动，其组织和管理由国务院制定具体办法。

（相关资料: 行政法规1篇条文释义相关论文4篇）

Article 5. When conducting trust activities, the parties to a trust must abide by the laws and

regulations, comply with the principle of willingness, equality and being honesty and trustworthiness,

and must not harm the state interest and the social public interest.第五条信托当事人进行信托活动，必须遵守法律、行政法规，遵循自愿、公平和诚实信用原则，不得

损害国家利益和社会公共利益。


Chapter 2. Establishment of a Trust第二章信托的设立

Article 6. The establishment of a trust shall serve a legitimate purpose of trust.第六条设立信托，必须有合法的信托目的。


Article 7. To establish a trust, there must be certain trust properties and the properties must be

properties lawfully owned by the trustor. Property in this Law includes lawful property rights.第七条设立信托，必须有确定的信托财产，并且该信托财产必须是委托人合法所有的财产。

本法所称财产包括合法的财产权利。


Article 8. Written form shall be adopted for the establishment of a trust.

Written form includes trust contracts, wills or other written documents as provided by laws and

regulations.

A trust established in the form of trust contract shall come into existence when the trust contract is

concluded. A trust established in other written forms shall come into existence when the trustee

promises to accept the trust.第八条设立信托，应当采取书面形式。

书面形式包括信托合同、遗嘱或者法律、行政法规规定的其他书面文件等。

采取信托合同形式设立信托的，信托合同签订时，信托成立。采取其他书面形式设立信托的，受托人

承诺信托时，信托成立。


Article 9. The written documents by which a trust is to be established shall provide the following

information:

1)Purposes of the trust;

2)Names and addresses of the trustor, the trustee and the beneficiary;

3)The beneficiary or the scope of the beneficiary;

4)Scope, type and status of the trust property;

5)Ways and methods by which the beneficiary get the trust proceeds;

Apart from the information listed in the above paragraph, duration of the trust, methods of

management of the trust property, remuneration of the trustee, methods of designation of new

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trustees, reasons for terminating a trust and other information may be provided.第九条设立信托，其书面文件应当载明下列事项：

（一）信托目的；

（二）委托人、受托人的姓名或者名称、住所；

（三）受益人或者受益人范围；

（四）信托财产的范围、种类及状况；

（五）受益人取得信托利益的形式、方法。

除前款所列事项外，可以载明信托期限、信托财产的管理方法、受托人的报酬、新受托人的选任方式、

信托终止事由等事项。


Article 10. Where trust property shall be registered according to the provisions of laws or

administrative regulations for the establishment of a trust, such property shall be registered.

If the trust registration fails to be made as required in the previous paragraph, it shall be made up

later; the trust shall be invalid if no make-up trust registration is effected.第十条设立信托，对于信托财产，有关法律、行政法规规定应当办理登记手续的，应当依法办理信托

登记。

未依照前款规定办理信托登记的，应当补办登记手续；不补办的，该信托不产生效力。


Article 11. The trust is void under any of the following circumstances:

1)The purposes of the trust are against laws or regulations, or harm the public interest of the society;

2)The trust property can not be identified;

3)The trustor establishes a trust by using illegal properties or properties that are prohibited by this

Law from being used to establish a trust;

4)Establishing a trust especially for the purpose of litigation or of demanding the payment of a debt

or loan;

5)The beneficiary or the scope of beneficiaries cannot be identified; and

6)Other circumstances provided by laws and regulations.第十一条有下列情形之一的，信托无效：

（一）信托目的违反法律、行政法规或者损害社会公共利益；

（二）信托财产不能确定；

（三）委托人以非法财产或者本法规定不得设立信托的财产设立信托；

（四）专以诉讼或者讨债为目的设立信托；

（五）受益人或者受益人范围不能确定；

（六）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。


Article 12. If the trust a trustor establishes has harmed the interests of the creditor, the creditor shall

have the right to apply to the people’s court for canceling the trust.

Trust benefits already obtained by a goodwill beneficiary shall not be affected if the people’s court

cancels the trust according to the provisions of the previous paragraph.

The right to apply shall extinguish if the creditor doesn’t exercise it in one year since he knows or

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should know the reasons for cancellation.第十二条委托人设立信托损害其债权人利益的，债权人有权申请人民法院撤销该信托。

人民法院依照前款规定撤销信托的，不影响善意受益人已经取得的信托利益。

本条第一款规定的申请权，自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起一年内不行使的，归于消灭。


Article 13. The establishment of testamentary trust shall abide by the provisions of the Succession

Law on testament. If the person appointed by the testament refuses or doesn’t have the capacity to

act as trustee, the beneficiary may appoint other trustees; if the beneficiary is a person without civil

capacity or a person with limited capacity, his guardian shall appoint the trustee on his behalf

according to law. If there are other provisions on the appointment of the trustee in the testament,

those provisions shall be followed.第十三条设立遗嘱信托，应当遵守继承法关于遗嘱的规定。

遗嘱指定的人拒绝或者无能力担任受托人的，由受益人另行选任受托人；受益人为无民事行为能力人

或者限制民事行为能力人的，依法由其监护人代行选任。遗嘱对选任受托人另有规定的，从其规定。


Chapter 3. Trust Property第三章信托财产

Article 14. The properties that the trustee obtains as a result of accepting the trust are trust property.

The properties that the trustee obtains by way of managing, utilizing, disposing of the trust property

or by other means shall also be deemed as trust property.

Properties forbidden to circulate by laws or regulations shall not be used as trust property.

Properties limited in circulation by laws and regulations may be used as trust property with the

approval of relevant departments in charge according to law.第十四条受托人因承诺信托而取得的财产是信托财产。

受托人因信托财产的管理运用、处分或者其他情形而取得的财产，也归入信托财产。

法律、行政法规禁止流通的财产，不得作为信托财产。

法律、行政法规限制流通的财产，依法经有关主管部门批准后，可以作为信托财产。


Article 15. Trust property differs from other properties with which the trustor hasn’t established a

trust. After the trust is established, if the trustor dies or disbands according to law, or is canceled or

declared bankrupt according to law, and if the trustor is the only beneficiary, the trust shall terminate

and the trust property shall be deemed as his heritage or liquidation property; if the trustor is not the

only beneficiary, the trust shall continue to exist and the trust property shall not be deemed as his

heritage or liquidation property; but if the trustor, as a joint beneficiary, dies or disbands according to

law, or is canceled or declared bankrupt according to law, the beneficial right of the trust shall be

deemed as his heritage or liquidation property.第十五条信托财产与委托人未设立信托的其他财产相区别。设立信托后，委托人死亡或者依法解散、

被依法撤销、被宣告破产时，委托人是唯一受益人的，信托终止，信托财产作为其遗产或者清算财产；

委托人不是唯一受益人的，信托存续，信托财产不作为其遗产或者清算财产；但作为共同受益人的委

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托人死亡或者依法解散、被依法撤销、被宣告破产时，其信托受益权作为其遗产或者清算财产。


Article 16. The trust property differs from the property owned by the trustee (hereinafter referred to

as inherent property for short) and shall not be deemed as the inherent property of the trustee or

become part of the inherent property.

If the trustee dies or disbands or terminates as a result of being canceled or being declared bankrupt

according to law, the trust property shall not be deemed as his heritage or liquidation property.第十六条信托财产与属于受托人所有的财产（以下简称固有财产）相区别，不得归入受托人的固有财

产或者成为固有财产的一部分。

受托人死亡或者依法解散、被依法撤销、被宣告破产而终止，信托财产不属于其遗产或者清算财产。


Article 17. Trust property shall not be enforced except under any of the following circumstances:

1)The creditor has already gotten the priority of compensation from the trust property before the trust

is established and exercised the right according to law;

2)The debts incurred from the trustee’s handling of the trust affairs and the creditor requires the

debts to be paid off;

3)The taxes that the trust property are due; and

4)Other circumstances provided by law.

If the trust property is enforced against the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the trustor, trustee

or beneficiary has the right to make an objection to the people’s court.第十七条除因下列情形之一外，对信托财产不得强制执行：

（一）设立信托前债权人已对该信托财产享有优先受偿的权利，并依法行使该权利的；

（二）受托人处理信托事务所产生债务，债权人要求清偿该债务的；

（三）信托财产本身应担负的税款；

（四）法律规定的其他情形。

对于违反前款规定而强制执行信托财产，委托人、受托人或者受益人有权向人民法院提出异议。


Article 18. The creditor’s right obtained by the trustee through the management, utilization and

disposition of the trust property must not offset the debt caused by his inherent property.

The creditor’s right and the debt caused when the trustee manages, utilizes and disposes the trust

property of different trustors must not offset each other.第十八条受托人管理运用、处分信托财产所产生的债权，不得与其固有财产产生的债务相抵销。

受托人管理运用、处分不同委托人的信托财产所产生的债权债务，不得相互抵销。


Chapter 4. Parties to a trust第四章信托当事人

Section 1. The trustor第一节委托人

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Article 19. The trustor shall be a natural or a legal person with full civil capacity, or other

organizations established according to law.第十九条委托人应当是具有完全民事行为能力的自然人、法人或者依法成立的其他组织。


Article 20. The trustor has the right to know how his trust property is managed, utilized or disposed of

and the income and expenses incurred therefrom, and has the right to ask the trustee to make

explanations.

The trustor has the right to consult, write down or duplicate the trust accounts relating to his trust

property and other documents relating to the handling of trust affairs.第二十条委托人有权了解其信托财产的管理运用、处分及收支情况，并有权要求受托人作出说明。

委托人有权查阅、抄录或者复制与其信托财产有关的信托帐目以及处理信托事务的其他文件。


Article 21. The trustor has the right to ask the trustee to adjust the methods of management of the

trust property if the methods prevents the realization of the purposes of the trust or are not in

accordance with the interests of the beneficiary due to special causes that are not foreseen when

the trust was established.第二十一条因设立信托时未能预见的特别事由，致使信托财产的管理方法不利于实现信托目的或者不

符合受益人的利益时，委托人有权要求受托人调整该信托财产的管理方法。


Article 22. If the trustee disposes of the trust property against the purposes of the trust or causes

losses to the trust property due to violation of the management duties or improper handling of the

trust affairs, the trustor has the right to apply to the people’s court for withdrawing the disposition; he

also has the right to ask the trustee to revert the trust property or make compensation; if the

transferee accepts the trust property though he is fully aware that it is against the purposes of the

trust, he shall return the trust property or make compensation.

The right to apply as mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall extinguish if the trustor doesn’t

exercise it within 1 year since he knows or should have known the reasons for withdrawal.第二十二条受托人违反信托目的处分信托财产或者因违背管理职责、处理信托事务不当致使信托财产

受到损失的，委托人有权申请人民法院撤销该处分行为，并有权要求受托人恢复信托财产的原状或者

予以赔偿；该信托财产的受让人明知是违反信托目的而接受该财产的，应当予以返还或者予以赔偿。

前款规定的申请权，自委托人知道或者应当知道撤销原因之日起一年内不行使的，归于消灭。


Article 23. If the trustee disposes the trust property against the purposes of the trust or is at serious

fault when managing, utilizing or disposing of the trust property, the trustor has the right to remove

the trustee according to the provisions of the trust documents or apply to the people’s court to

remove the trustee.第二十三条受托人违反信托目的处分信托财产或者管理运用、处分信托财产有重大过失的，委托人有

权依照信托文件的规定解任受托人，或者申请人民法院解任受托人。


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Section 2. The trustee第二节受托人

Article 24. The trustee shall be a natural or a legal person with full civil capacity.

If there are other provisions on the requirements of the trustee in laws and regulations, those

provisions shall be followed.第二十四条受托人应当是具有完全民事行为能力的自然人、法人。

法律、行政法规对受托人的条件另有规定的，从其规定。


Article 25. The trustee shall abide by the provisions of the trust documents and handle the trust

affairs for the utmost interests of the beneficiary.

The trustee shall fulfill his duties and perform the obligation of being honest, trustworthy and

cautious, and managing effectively.第二十五条受托人应当遵守信托文件的规定，为受益人的最大利益处理信托事务。

受托人管理信托财产，必须恪尽职守，履行诚实、信用、谨慎、有效管理的义务。

（相关资料: 裁判文书1篇条文释义相关论文11篇实务指南）

Article 26. The trustee must not take advantage of the trust property to seek profits for his own

except getting remuneration according to the provisions of this Law.

If the trustee violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph to take advantage of the trust

property to seek profits for his own, the profits he obtains shall be brought into the trust property.第二十六条受托人除依照本法规定取得报酬外，不得利用信托财产为自己谋取利益。

受托人违反前款规定，利用信托财产为自己谋取利益的，所得利益归入信托财产。


Article 27. The trustee must not change the trust property into his inherent property. The trustee

must revert the trust property if he changes the trust property into his inherent property; and the

trustee shall bear the liability of compensation if he causes losses to the trust property.第二十七条受托人不得将信托财产转为其固有财产。受托人将信托财产转为其固有财产的，必须恢复

该信托财产的原状；造成信托财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 28. The trustee must not make transactions between his inherent property and the trust

property, or make transactions between the trust properties of different trustors, except that the trust

documents prescribe otherwise or with the approval of the trustor or the beneficiary, and make

transactions based on fair market price.

The trustee shall bear liability of compensation if he violates the provisions of the preceding

paragraph and causes losses to the trust property.第二十八条受托人不得将其固有财产与信托财产进行交易或者将不同委托人的信托财产进行相互交

易，但信托文件另有规定或者经委托人或者受益人同意，并以公平的市场价格进行交易的除外。

受托人违反前款规定，造成信托财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任。


Article 29. The trustee must manage the trust property and his inherent property separately and

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keep separate accounts, and must manage the trust property of different trustors separately and

keep separate accounts.第二十九条受托人必须将信托财产与其固有财产分别管理、分别记帐，并将不同委托人的信托财产分

别管理、分别记帐。


Article 30. The trustee shall handle the trust affairs in person, but if there are otherwise provisions in

the trust documents or there is no alternative, the trustee may entrust others to handle the affairs on

his behalf.

The trustee shall bear liability for the handling of the trust affairs by others to whom he entrust the

trust affairs.第三十条受托人应当自己处理信托事务，但信托文件另有规定或者有不得已事由的，可以委托他人代

为处理。

受托人依法将信托事务委托他人代理的，应当对他人处理信托事务的行为承担责任。

（相关资料: 条文释义相关论文7篇实务指南）

Article 31. If there are more than two trustees of a same trust, they are joint trustees.

The joint trustees shall handle the trust affairs jointly, but if the trust documents prescribe that some

specific affairs shall be handled by the trustees separately, those provisions shall be followed.

If the joint trustees have different opinions when handling the trust affairs jointly, they shall follow the

provisions of the trust documents; and if there is no relevant prescriptions in the trust documents, it

shall be subject to the decision of the trustor, beneficiary or interested person of the beneficiary.第三十一条同一信托的受托人有两个以上的，为共同受托人。

共同受托人应当共同处理信托事务，但信托文件规定对某些具体事务由受托人分别处理的，从其规定。

共同受托人共同处理信托事务，意见不一致时，按信托文件规定处理；信托文件未规定的，由委托人、

受益人或者其利害关系人决定。


Article 32. The joint trustees shall bear several and joint liability if they incur debts to a third party

when handling the trust affairs. The declaration of will made by the third party to any of the trustees

shall have the same effect to other trustees.

If any of the trustees disposes of the trust property against the purposes of the trust or causes losses

to the trust property due to violation of his management duties or improper handling of the trust

affaires, the other trustees shall assume several and joint liabilities.第三十二条共同受托人处理信托事务对第三人所负债务，应当承担连带清偿责任。第三人对共同受托

人之一所作的意思表示，对其他受托人同样有效。

共同受托人之一违反信托目的处分信托财产或者因违背管理职责、处理信托事务不当致使信托财产受

到损失的，其他受托人应当承担连带赔偿责任。


Article 33. The trustee must keep full records of the handling of trust affairs.

The trustee shall report the management, utilization and disposition of the trust property and the

income and expenses to the trustor and the beneficiary regularly every year.

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The trustee shall bear the obligation to the trustor and beneficiary of keeping secret of the handling

of trust affairs and the materials according to law.第三十三条受托人必须保存处理信托事务的完整记录。

受托人应当每年定期将信托财产的管理运用、处分及收支情况，报告委托人和受益人。

受托人对委托人、受益人以及处理信托事务的情况和资料负有依法保密的义务。


Article 34 The trustee shall be responsible for paying trust benefits to the beneficiaries within the limit

of the trust property.第三十四条受托人以信托财产为限向受益人承担支付信托利益的义务。


Article 35. The trustee has the right to get remuneration according to the terms of the trust

documents. If it is not prescribed beforehand in the trust documents, supplementary terms may be

made with the approval of the parties of the trust after negotiation; the trustee must not get

remuneration if no terms are made in advance and no supplementary terms are made.

The amount of the remuneration agreed upon may be added or reduced with the approval of the

parties of the trust after negotiation.第三十五条受托人有权依照信托文件的约定取得报酬。信托文件未作事先约定的，经信托当事人协商

同意，可以作出补充约定；未作事先约定和补充约定的，不得收取报酬。

约定的报酬经信托当事人协商同意，可以增减其数额。


Article 36. If the trustee disposes of the trust property against the purposes of the trust or causes

losses to the trust property due to violation of the management duties or improper handling of the

trust affairs, the trustee must not ask for remuneration before he has reverted the trust property or

made compensations.第三十六条受托人违反信托目的处分信托财产或者因违背管理职责、处理信托事务不当致使信托财产

受到损失的，在未恢复信托财产的原状或者未予赔偿前，不得请求给付报酬。


Article 37. The trustee may bear the expenses and debts to the third party incurred from the handling

of trust affairs with the trust property. If the trustee has paid in advance with his inherent property, he

has the priority right to get compensation from the trust property.

The trustee shall bear the debts to the third party or losses of himself incurred from the violation of

his management duties or improper handling of the trust affairs with his inherent property.第三十七条受托人因处理信托事务所支出的费用、对第三人所负债务，以信托财产承担。受托人以其

固有财产先行支付的，对信托财产享有优先受偿的权利。

受托人违背管理职责或者处理信托事务不当对第三人所负债务或者自己所受到的损失，以其固有财产

承担。


Article 38. The trustee may resign upon the approval of the trustor and the beneficiary after the trust

is established. If there are otherwise provisions on the resign of the trustee in public trust in this Law,

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those provisions shall be followed.

The resigned trustee shall continue to perform the duties of managing the trust affairs before the

new trustee is appointed.第三十八条设立信托后，经委托人和受益人同意，受托人可以辞任。本法对公益信托的受托人辞任另

有规定的，从其规定。

受托人辞任的，在新受托人选出前仍应履行管理信托事务的职责。


Article 39. The duties and responsibilities of the trustee shall end under any of the following

circumstances:

1)The trustee dies or is declared dead;

2)The trustee is declared as a person without civil capacity or a person with limited civil capacity

according to law;

3)The trustee is canceled according to law or is declared bankrupt;

4)The trustee disbands or loses legal qualification;

5)The trustee resigns or is dismissed; and

6)Other circumstances provided by laws and regulations.

When the duties and responsibilities of the trustee end, its heritor or the manager of the decedent’s

property, the guardian or the liquidator shall keep the trust property appropriately and assist the new

trustee to take over the trust affairs.第三十九条受托人有下列情形之一的，其职责终止：

（一）死亡或者被依法宣告死亡；

（二）被依法宣告为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人；

（三）被依法撤销或者被宣告破产；

（四）依法解散或者法定资格丧失；

（五）辞任或者被解任；

（六）法律、行政法规规定的其他情形。

受托人职责终止时，其继承人或者遗产管理人、监护人、清算人应当妥善保管信托财产，协助新受托

人接管信托事务。


Article 40. When the duties and responsibilities of the trustee end, a new trustee shall be appointed

according to the provisions of the trust documents; if there are no relevant prescriptions in the trust

documents, the trustor shall appoint a new trustee; if the trustor fails to appoint or doesn’t have the

capacity to appoint a new trustee, the beneficiary shall make the appointment; if the beneficiary is a

person without civil capacity or a person with limited civil capacity, his guardian shall appoint the new

trustee on his behalf according to law.

The new trustee shall inherit the rights and obligations of handling the trust affairs of the former

trustee.第四十条受托人职责终止的，依照信托文件规定选任新受托人；信托文件未规定的，由委托人选任；

委托人不指定或者无能力指定的，由受益人选任；受益人为无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力

人的，依法由其监护人代行选任。

原受托人处理信托事务的权利和义务，由新受托人承继。

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Article 41. If the duties and responsibilities of the trustee end under any of the circumstances listed

in item 3) to item 6) of the first clause of Article 39, the trustee shall make reports on the handling of

trust affairs and go through handover procedures of the trust property and trust affairs to the new

trustee.

The liabilities of the former trustee of the matters listed in the report shall be relieved after the report

mentioned in the above paragraph is recognized by the trustor or the beneficiary, except that the

former trustee did unreasonable conducts.第四十一条受托人有本法第三十九条第一款第（三）项至第（六）项所列情形之一，职责终止的，应

当作出处理信托事务的报告，并向新受托人办理信托财产和信托事务的移交手续。

前款报告经委托人或者受益人认可，原受托人就报告中所列事项解除责任。但原受托人有不正当行为

的除外。


Article 42. If the duties and responsibilities of any of the joint trustees end, the trust property shall be

managed and disposed of by other trustees.第四十二条共同受托人之一职责终止的，信托财产由其他受托人管理和处分。


Section 3. The Beneficiary第三节受益人

Article 43. The beneficiary is the person who enjoys the beneficial right of the trust. The beneficiary

may be a natural person, a legal person or other organizations established according to law.

The trustor may be the beneficiary, and may also be the only beneficiary of the same trust.

The trustee may be the beneficiary, but must not be the only beneficiary of the same trust.第四十三条受益人是在信托中享有信托受益权的人。受益人可以是自然人、法人或者依法成立的其他

组织。

委托人可以是受益人，也可以是同一信托的唯一受益人。

受托人可以是受益人，但不得是同一信托的唯一受益人。


Article 44. The beneficiary enjoys the beneficial right of the trust since the day on which the trust

takes effect. If there are otherwise provisions in the trust documents, those provisions shall be

followed.第四十四条受益人自信托生效之日起享有信托受益权。信托文件另有规定的，从其规定。


Article 45. The joint beneficiaries enjoy trust benefits according to the terms of the trust documents.

If there are no relevant provisions in the trust documents concerning the distribution proportion or

the methods of distributing the trust benefits, each beneficiary shall enjoy the trust benefits

according to equal proportions.第四十五条共同受益人按照信托文件的规定享受信托利益。信托文件对信托利益的分配比例或者分配

方法未作规定的，各受益人按照均等的比例享受信托利益。

208


Article 46. The beneficiary may waiver the beneficial right of the trust.

The trust shall terminate if all of the beneficiaries waivers their beneficial rights of the trust.

If some of the beneficiaries waivers the beneficial rights of the trust, the attribution of the abandoned

beneficial right of the trust shall be determined in the following order:

1)Persons prescribed in the trust documents;

2)Other beneficiaries;

3)The trustor or its heritor.第四十六条受益人可以放弃信托受益权。

全体受益人放弃信托受益权的，信托终止。

部分受益人放弃信托受益权的，被放弃的信托受益权按下列顺序确定归属：

（一）信托文件规定的人；

（二）其他受益人；

（三）委托人或者其继承人。


Article 47. The beneficiary who is not able to pay off matured debts may use his beneficial right of

the trust to pay off his debts, except that there are restrictive provisions in laws, regulations or the

trust documents.第四十七条受益人不能清偿到期债务的，其信托受益权可以用于清偿债务，但法律、行政法规以及信

托文件有限制性规定的除外。


Article 48. The beneficial right of the trust of the beneficiary may be transferred and inherited

according to law, except that there are restrictive provisions in the trust documents.第四十八条受益人的信托受益权可以依法转让和继承，但信托文件有限制性规定的除外。


Article 49. The beneficiary may enjoy the rights of the trustor prescribed in Articles 20 to 23. If the

beneficiary has objections to the trustor when exercising the rights mentioned above, he may apply

to the people’s court for ruling.

If the trustee conducts any of the acts listed in the first clause of Article 22 and any of the joint

beneficiaries applies to the people’s court for withdrawing the disposition, the ruling of cancellation

made by the people’s court shall be of equal effect to all of the joint beneficiaries.第四十九条受益人可以行使本法第二十条至第二十三条规定的委托人享有的权利。受益人行使上述权

利，与委托人意见不一致时，可以申请人民法院作出裁定。

受托人有本法第二十二条第一款所列行为，共同受益人之一申请人民法院撤销该处分行为的，人民法

院所作出的撤销裁定，对全体共同受益人有效。


Chapter 5 Chang and Termination of Trust第五章信托的变更与终止

Article 50. The trustor or the heritor thereof may rescind the trust if the trustor is the only beneficiary.

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If there are otherwise provisions in the trust documents, those provisions shall be followed.第五十条委托人是唯一受益人的，委托人或者其继承人可以解除信托。信托文件另有规定的，从其规

定。


Article 51. Under one of the following circumstances, the trustor may change the beneficiary or

dispose of the beneficial rights of the trust of the beneficiary after the trust is established:

1)The beneficiary seriously infringes upon the rights of the trustor;

2)The beneficiary seriously infringes upon the rights of any of the other joint beneficiaries;

3)With the approval of the beneficiary; and

4)Other circumstances prescribed in the trust documents.

The trustor may rescind the trust under one of the circumstances listed in items 1, 3, and 4 of the

above clause.第五十一条设立信托后，有下列情形之一的，委托人可以变更受益人或者处分受益人的信托受益权：

（一）受益人对委托人有重大侵权行为；

（二）受益人对其他共同受益人有重大侵权行为；

（三）经受益人同意；

（四）信托文件规定的其他情形。

有前款第（一）项、第（三）项、第（四）项所列情形之一的，委托人可以解除信托。


Article 52. The trust shall not terminate because the trustor or the trustee dies, loses civil capacity,

disbands according to law, or is canceled or declared bankrupt according to law, neither shall the

trust terminate because the trustee resigns, unless there are otherwise provisions in this Law or the

trust documents.第五十二条信托不因委托人或者受托人的死亡、丧失民事行为能力、依法解散、被依法撤销或者被宣

告破产而终止，也不因受托人的辞任而终止。但本法或者信托文件另有规定的除外。


Article 53. The trust shall terminate under any of the following circumstances:

1)Any of the causes for termination as prescribed in the trust documents happens;

2)The existence and continuance of the trust go against the purposes of the trusts;

3)The purposes of the trust have already been realized or cannot be realized at all;

4)The parties of the trust agree so after negotiation;

5)The trust is withdrawn; or

6)The trust is rescinded.第五十三条有下列情形之一的，信托终止：

（一）信托文件规定的终止事由发生；

（二）信托的存续违反信托目的；

（三）信托目的已经实现或者不能实现；

（四）信托当事人协商同意；

（五）信托被撤销；

（六）信托被解除。

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Article 54. The trust property shall belong to the person prescribed in the trust documents when the

trust terminates; if there are no relevant provisions in the trust documents, the attribution of the trust

property shall be determined in the following order:

1)The beneficiary or its heritor;

2)The trustor or its heritor.第五十四条信托终止的，信托财产归属于信托文件规定的人；信托文件未规定的，按下列顺序确定归

属：

（一）受益人或者其继承人；

（二）委托人或者其继承人。


Article 55. After the attribution of the trust property is determined according to the preceding article,

the trust is deemed as existing and continuing during the process when the trust property is

transferred to the person who has the right to own the property, and the person is deemed as the

beneficiary.第五十五条依照前条规定，信托财产的归属确定后，在该信托财产转移给权利归属人的过程中，信托

视为存续，权利归属人视为受益人。


Article 56. If the people’s court enforces the original trust property according to the provisions of

Article 17 of this Law after the trust terminates, the person who has the right to own the trust property

is the person against whom the order is to be executed.第五十六条信托终止后，人民法院依据本法第十七条的规定对原信托财产进行强制执行的，以权利归

属人为被执行人。


Article 57. After the trust terminates, the trustee may, when exercising the rights to get remuneration

and get compensation from the trust property according to the provisions of this law, retain the trust

property or make claims to the person who has the right to own the trust property.第五十七条信托终止后，受托人依照本法规定行使请求给付报酬、从信托财产中获得补偿的权利时，

可以留置信托财产或者对信托财产的权利归属人提出请求。


Article 58. The trustee shall make a liquidation report on the handling of the trust affairs if the trust

terminates. If the beneficiary or the person who has the right to own the trust property has no

objection to the liquidation report, the liabilities of the trustee of the matters listed in the liquidation

report shall be relieved, unless the trustee did unreasonably.第五十八条信托终止的，受托人应当作出处理信托事务的清算报告。受益人或者信托财产的权利归属

人对清算报告无异议的，受托人就清算报告所列事项解除责任。但受托人有不正当行为的除外。


Chapter 6. Public Trust第六章公益信托

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Article 59. The provisions of this chapter apply to public trusts. If there are no relevant provisions in

this chapter, the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws shall apply.第五十九条公益信托适用本章规定。本章未规定的，适用本法及其他相关法律的规定。


Article 60. A trust established for any of the following purposes of public interests is a public trust:

1)Helping poor people;

2)Helping disaster victims;

3)Assisting the disabled;

4)Developing education, technology, culture, art and physical education undertakings;

5)Developing medical and sanitation undertakings;

6)Developing environment protection undertakings and maintaining the environment; and

7)Developing other public undertakings of the society.第六十条为了下列公共利益目的之一而设立的信托，属于公益信托：

（一）救济贫困；

（二）救助灾民；

（三）扶助残疾人；

（四）发展教育、科技、文化、艺术、体育事业；

（五）发展医疗卫生事业；

（六）发展环境保护事业，维护生态环境；

（七）发展其他社会公益事业。


Article 61. The state encourages the development of public trusts.第六十一条国家鼓励发展公益信托。


Article 62. The establishment of a public trust and the appointment of trustees shall be subject to the

approval of the regulatory agency of relevant public undertakings (hereinafter referred to as

regulatory agency of public undertakings for short).

One must not conduct activities in the name of public trust without the approval of the regulatory

agency of public undertakings.

The regulatory agency of public undertakings shall give support to the activities of public trust.第六十二条公益信托的设立和确定其受托人，应当经有关公益事业的管理机构（以下简称公益事业管

理机构）批准。

未经公益事业管理机构的批准，不得以公益信托的名义进行活动。

公益事业管理机构对于公益信托活动应当给予支持。


Article 63. The trust property of public trust and its proceeds must not be used for non-public

purposes.第六十三条公益信托的信托财产及其收益，不得用于非公益目的。


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Article 64. There shall be trust supervisors for public trusts.

The trust supervisor shall be prescribed in the trust documents. If there are no relevant provisions in

the trust documents, the regulatory agency of public undertakings shall appoint the trust supervisor.第六十四条公益信托应当设置信托监察人。

信托监察人由信托文件规定。信托文件未规定的，由公益事业管理机构指定。


Article 65. The trust supervisor has the right to institute an action or carry out other legal acts in his

own name in order to protect the interests of the beneficiary.第六十五条信托监察人有权以自己的名义，为维护受益人的利益，提起诉讼或者实施其他法律行为。


Article 66. The trustee of a public trust must not resign without the approval of the regulatory agency

of public undertakings.第六十六条公益信托的受托人未经公益事业管理机构批准，不得辞任。


Article 67. The regulatory agency shall inspect how the trustee handles the public trust affairs and

the status of the property.

The trustee shall make at least one report on the handling of public trust affairs and the status of the

property each year, and submit to the regulatory agency of public undertakings for approval after

being recognized by the trust supervisor, and the trustee shall make public announcement of the

report.第六十七条公益事业管理机构应当检查受托人处理公益信托事务的情况及财产状况。

受托人应当至少每年一次作出信托事务处理情况及财产状况报告，经信托监察人认可后，报公益事业

管理机构核准，并由受托人予以公告。


Article 68. The regulatory agency of public undertakings shall change the trustee if the trustee of

public trust violates the trust obligations or doesn’t have the capacity to perform his duties.第六十八条公益信托的受托人违反信托义务或者无能力履行其职责的，由公益事业管理机构变更受托

人。


Article 69. After a public trust is established, the regulatory agency of public undertakings may

change relevant clauses of the trust documents on the basis of purposes of the trust if any of the

circumstances that can’t be anticipated when the trust is established happens.第六十九条公益信托成立后，发生设立信托时不能预见的情形，公益事业管理机构可以根据信托目的，

变更信托文件中的有关条款。


Article 70. If the public trust terminates, the trustee shall report the causes of termination and the

date of termination to the regulatory agency of public undertakings within 15 days since the causes

of termination happen.

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第七十条公益信托终止的，受托人应当于终止事由发生之日起十五日内，将终止事由和终止日期报告

公益事业管理机构。


Article 71. If the public trust terminates, the liquidation report on the handling of trust affairs made by

the trustee shall be reported to the regulatory agency of public undertakings for ratification after the

trust supervisor recognizes, and the trustee shall make public announcement.第七十一条公益信托终止的，受托人作出的处理信托事务的清算报告，应当经信托监察人认可后，报

公益事业管理机构核准，并由受托人予以公告。


Article 72. If there is not a person who has the right to own the trust property or it is the unspecified

public that have the right to own the trust property when the public trust terminates, the trustee shall

utilize the trust property for the former purposes of public interests or similar purposes, or transfer

the trust property to the public organization that has similar purposes or other public trusts with the

approval of the regulatory agency of public undertakings.第七十二条公益信托终止，没有信托财产权利归属人或者信托财产权利归属人是不特定的社会公众

的，经公益事业管理机构批准，受托人应当将信托财产用于与原公益目的相近似的目的，或者将信托

财产转移给具有近似目的的公益组织或者其他公益信托。


Article 73. The trustor, the trustee or the beneficiary has the right to raise an action at the people’s

court if the regulatory agency violates the provisions of this Law.第七十三条公益事业管理机构违反本法规定的，委托人、受托人或者受益人有权向人民法院起诉。


Chapter 7. Supplementary Provisions第七章附则

Article 74. This Law shall come into force since Oct.1.2001第七十四条本法自２００１年１０月１日起施行。



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