Properties of Matter

Warm Up

How do the arrangement and behavior of particles of matter differ in solids, liquids, and gases?

What is Matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Solids

Has a rigid, definite shape

The atoms, ions, or molecules that make up a solid are fixed in place

Liquids

Has an indefinite shape

Is flowing matter with definite volume

Takes the shape of its container

Particles of a liquid can move and easily glide over each other

Gas

Has no definite shape

Has no definite volume

Is compressible matter

Particles of gas are much farther apart and are easily pushed together

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Homogeneous HeterogeneousCompoundsElements

Physical Properties

Observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.

Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.

Physical Properties can be…

Extensive

Dependent on the amount of matter there is.

Mass

Weight

Volume

Length

Intensive Do NOT depend on the

amount of matter present. Color

Boiling Point

Melting Point

Temperature

Density

Brittleness

Viscosity

Chemical PropertiesWhat happens when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction.

Examples: Flammability

acidic and basic

oxidation

radioactivity

Physical Change

o DOES NOT produce a new substance.

o Changes the physical appearance but not its identity.

oPhase changes ARE physical changes!!!

Chemical Change

o process by which a substance becomes a new and different substance. (AKA Chemical Reaction)

Example: Reaction of sulfuric acid and sugar. The acid dehydrates the sugar forming a pillar of carbon (black) and steam.

“Can this change be reversed?”

Yes- physical change

No- chemical change

Indicators of a Chemical Change

Gas is produced

Light is produced

A solid (precipitate) is formed from 2 liquids

Temperature change

Permanent color change

Temperature Change

Exothermic-feels hot

-The reaction releases or produces heat

Endothermic- feels cold

-The reaction absorbs heat

Chemical Reactions

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter CANNOT be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.

o How many Carbon atoms are on the left and right?

6 and 6

o How many Hydrogen atoms are on the left and right?

12 and 12

o How many Oxygen atoms are on the left and right?

18 and 18

Law of Conservation of Mass

Energy

The capacity to do work.

Potential Energy

The energy of position.

The energy that is stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.

Gasoline stored at a gas station

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

•As the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds andAs the gasoline is burned, energy is released from the bonds and

is used to power the car’s engine.is used to power the car’s engine.

Law of Conversion of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it just changes FORM.

Forms of Energy

Radiant

Chemical

Nuclear

Forms of Energy

Electrical

Mechanical

Thermal

Thermal Energy

It can be transported 3 different ways.

Convection

The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid (not in solids) by movement of currents.

The heat moves with the fluid.

ExampleThe beach – hot air rises,

cooler air from the ocean comes into replace it, and then the cool breeze cools your body.

Conduction

The transfer of heat energy through matter from particle to particle.

Material are actually touching!

Most effective in solids, but can happen in fluids.

Example

Beaker on a hot plate becomes warmer because the heat from the hot plate is conducted along the beaker.

Radiation

The transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves

Only form that can occur in empty space without the aid of Solids, Liquids, or Gases

Example

Sunlight –travels through space via radiation.

What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?

Your leg becomes warm when you place a heating pad on it.

conduction

What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?

The headlights on your car allow you to see at night.

Radiation

What is the way that thermal energy is transported in the following?

Hot soup transfers heat to the air above it.

Convection

Law of Conservation of Energy

Radiant : SunlightRadiant : Sunlight

Chemical : glucose Chemical : glucose produced produced in plants via in plants via photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Mechanical: Rabbit eatsMechanical: Rabbit eatsPlants for energy to hopPlants for energy to hop