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PROPERTIES OF MATTER Slide 2 OBJECTIVES Distinguish between the physical and chemical properties of matter, and give examples of each Perform calculations involving density Explain how materials are suited for different uses based on their physical and chemical properties, and give examples Describe characteristic properties, and give examples Slide 3 PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical properties are those that you can observe or measure Examples: color, shape, odor, texture, mass, volume, density Chemical properties are those that describe how a substance reacts or changes into a new substance Examples: flammability, rusting, reactivity, combustible Slide 4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Describe matter Found by observing or measuring Remain constant for pure substances Important physical Properties: Melting point Boiling point Hardness Strength Ability to conduct electricity, magnetism, or heat Physical State Slide 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Melting Point: the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid Boiling Point: the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas Physical State: solid, liquid & gas Density: is the measure of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance Slide 6 DENSITY Is found by dividing a substances mass by its volume It determines whether something will sink or float Its units are g/cm 3 Questions: Does air have mass? Can we find its density? Lets play will it sink or float! Slide 7 DENSITY PROBLEMS If 10.0 cm 3 of ice has a mass of 9.17 g, what is the density of ice? D = m/V = 9.17g/10.0 cm 3 = 0.917 g/cm 3 Slide 8 DENSITY PROBLEMS The density of oak wood is 0.7 g/cm 3 If a 35 cm 3 piece of wood has a mass of 25 g is the wood likely to be oak? D = m/V = 25 g/35 cm 3 = 0.71 g/cm 3 Mostly likely it is oak. Slide 9 DENSITY PROBLEMS The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm 3. A bracelet made of silver has a volume of 1.12 cm 3. What is the bracelets mass? D = m/V m = D V = 10.5 g/cm 3 1.12 cm 3 = 11.8 g Slide 10 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Describe how a substance will react Chemical properties also describe how a substance changes into a new substance Some substance react very easily combining into compounds Example: Magnesium Others rarely combine with other elements Example: Gold Slide 11 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Rusting: oxygen reacts with some metals forming a new substance known as an oxide Reactivity: the ability of a substance to combine chemically with another substance Flammability: the ability to burn Combustibility: the ability to combust/explode