Promoting Renewable Energies – in Germany and worldwide

Dr. Karsten Sach

at

Eco Cities of the Mediterranean Forum 2008

October 20, 2008

   

 

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I. Renewable Energies in Germany

- Status and Perspectives –

   

 

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1. Renewable Energy in Germany

2. Renewable Energy policy

3. Impacts

Content

   

 

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Structure of primary energy consumption in 2007

Structure of primary energy consumption in Germany, 2007

Hard coal14.3 %

Lignite11.6 %

Mineral oils33.9 %

other renewables; 0.3 %

RES share

6.7%1)

Hydropower; 0.5 %

Wind energy; 1.0 %

Biomass; 4.9 % 2)

Natural Gas22.5 %

Nuclear energy11.0 %

Total: 13,878 PJ

1) the (official) physical energy content method has been used (acc. to the substitution method: 9.2 %); 2) solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of waste, landfill and sewage gas; RES - Renewable energy sources;

Source: BMU-KI III 1 based on AGEE-Stat and ZSW, according to Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB); Version: J une 2008; all figures provisional

   

 

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Structure of Electricity Supply in 2007

Structure of electricity supply

from renewable energy sources in Germany, 2007

Biogenic liquid fuels3.0 %

Hydropower23.7 %

Biogenic share of waste4.9 %

Landfill gas1.2 %

Sewage gas1.2 %

Biogas8.5 %

Biogenic solid fuels8.5 %

Photovoltaics4.0 %

Wind energy45.2 %

* solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of w asteSource: BMU-Brochure: "Renew able energy sources in f igures – national and international development", KI III 1; Version: June 2008; provisional f igures

Total: 87.5 TWh

total Biomass*: approx. 21 %(excluding landfill and sewage gas)

   

 

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Development by Sector 1998-2007

Renewable energy sources as a share of energy supply in Germany

3.14.8

0.22.1

8.6

14.2

6.67.6

3.5

6.7

182)

141)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Share of total final energyconsumtion

Share of gross electricityconsumption

Share of final energyconsumtion for heat

Share of fuel consumption Share of primary energyconsumption

Sh

are

in [

%]

1998 2000

2002 2004

2006 2007

2020

3)

minimum 301)

1 ) Resolution of the German P arlament, 6th J une 2008; 2) Directive of the Euopean P arlament and the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, 23 J anuary 2008;

3) For calculating the share of primary energy consumption (P EC), the (official) physical energy content method has been used (acc. to the substitution method: 9.2 %) RE - renewable energiy, Source: BMU-Brochure:"Renewable energy sources in figures – national and international development", KI III 1; Version: J une 2008; all figures provisional

German Government Targets

   

 

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Development of Electricity Generation 1990-2007

Development of electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany, 1990 - 2007

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Ele

ctr

icit

y g

en

era

tio

n [

GW

h]

Hydropower Wind energy

Biomass* Photovoltaics

* solid, liquid, gaseous biomass, biogenic share of waste, landfill and sewage gas; StrEG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Constuction Code; Electricity from geothermal energy is not presented due to the negligible quantities of electricity produced;

Source: BMU-Brochure: "Renewable energy sources in figures – national and international development", KI III 1; Version: J une 2008; provisional figures

EEG 1 April 2000

New EEG 1 August 2004

StrEG 1 January 1991

Amendment to BauGBNovember 1997

   

 

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1. Development of Renewable Energy in Germany

2. Renewable Energy policy

3. Impacts

Content

   

 

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Targets for Renewable Energies

European Council (March 2007): Binding target of 20 % share of renewable energy of final energy consumption by 2020

for Germany: 18 % of final energy consumption

   

 

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Targets for Renewable Energies

Targets of the national Integrated Energy and Climate Programme (2007) for 2020:

minimum 30% share of RE in gross electricity generation until 2020

14% share of heat final energy until 2020 12-15% RE in fuel final energy until 2020

18 % of final energy consumption

   

 

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Policy Instruments

Electricity:

Renewable Energy Sources Act Feed-in system

Heating & Cooling:

Renewable Energy Heat Law

installation obligation

Market Incentive Programme Grants and loans

   

 

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Biofuels

> Blending obligation/Quota

Research and Development

> Funding: more than 100 Mio € in 2008

Policy Instruments

   

 

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• Main Instrument for promoting electricity generation from renewable energy: Renewable Energy Act Feed in Tariff System

• Priority access to the power grid, transmission and distribution for RE

• Obligation of grid operators to purchase the electricity produced from RE

Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

   

 

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• Fixed price (“tariff”) for every kilowatt hour produced from RE for 20 years

• All different types of RE are considered and tariffs are differentiated by source and size of the plant

• Annual decrease of tariffs to follow the technical development (degression of -1,5% - -6,5%)

Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

   

 

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• Additional costs for electricity from RE (Tariff minus market price) are equalised between all grid operators and electricity suppliers

• Additional costs are passed on to the consumer to balance geographically (additional fee per kWh)

Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

   

 

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Amendment of EEG in 2008

• Evaluation of policy in 2007

• Amendment in 2008 on the basis of review

• Amendment effective from 1 January 2009:

Overall structure of EEG remains

New target: Minimum of 30% electricity

new tariff structure reflecting priorities (wind offshore, biomass, integration)

   

 

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• 29 measures agreed by the Government in August 2007 at Schloss Meseberg

• Target: - 40 % GHG until 2020 compared to 1990

• To implement EU energy & climate policy

Integrated Energy and Climate Package (2007): Strong support for renewable energies

   

 

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1. Development of Renewable Energy in Germany

2. Renewable Energy policy

3. Impacts

Content

   

 

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Dynamic New Industry

Total Turnover from Renewable Energy Sourcesin Germany, 2007

Geothermal energy

EUR 600 m1)

(2.4 %)

Wind energy 5,700 mill. Euro

(22.8 %)

HydropowerEUR 1,230 m

(4.9 %)

Solar energy EUR 7,270 m

(29.0 %)2)

Biomass EUR 10,230 m

(40.9 %)

Total: approx. € 25 billion

1) Large plants an heat pumps2) Photovoltaics and solar thermal energy; Version: June 2008; all f igures provisional

Source: BMU-Brochure: "Renew able energy sources in f igures – national and international development", KI III 1; Version: June 2008; provisional f igures

   

 

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Job Creation

Employees in the German renewable energy sector2004, 2006 and 2007

3,400

9,500

4,300

9,400

95,400

82,100

4,300

4,500

9,400

50,700

96,100

84,300

63,900

56,800

25,100

1,800

40,200

4,200

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 110,000

Geothermal energy

Hydropower

Solar energy

Biomass

Wind energy

Source: BMU P rojekt "Kurz- und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus der erneuerbaren Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt", KI III 1; interim report March 2008

Public / Non-profit Sector Jobs

nützige Mittel

Increase: approx. 55 %

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

2004 2006 2007

160,500employees

235,600employees

249,300employees

   

 

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Climate Protection

Total CO2 avoidance via the use of renewable energy sources in Germany, 2007

22.5 million t 34.0 million t 20.1 million t

19.5 million t

2.4 million t

0.5 million t

0.9 million t

15.0 million t

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Fuels

Heat

Electricity

CO2-avoidance [million tonnes]

Hydropower Wind energy Biomass Photovoltaics Geothermal energy Solar thermal energy Biofuels

79.1 million t

20.9 million t

15.0 million t

Total: approx.115 million t from this approx. 57 million t

through the EEG

Deviations in the totals are due to roundingSource: BMU-Brochure: "Renew able energy sources in f igures – national and international development", KI III 1; Version: June 2008; provisional f igures

   

 

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II. International Renewable Energy

Agency

-IRENA-

Promoting Renewable Energy Worldwide

   

 

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Content

1. The case for IRENA

2. What will IRENA do?

3. The way towards IRENA

4. Cooperation with other organisations

   

 

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1. The case for IRENAUrgent global challenges related to energy issues:

Global warming

Depleting natural resources

Unequal distribution of energy sources

Arising conflicts

IRENA will help to mobilise the huge potential of RE to:

mitigate climate change

ensure energy security

foster economic development

encourage human development

   

 

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Why IRENA?

Until now, there exists no internationalgovernmental organisation that o solely concentrates on renewable energy (comprising all types of renewables), o gives concrete and active policy advice to governments (on the national, regional and local level) and, o offers equally support to industrialised, emerging and developing countries.

IRENA will close this institutional gap.

   

 

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2. What will IRENA do?

IRENA’s main activities include:

   

 

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IRENA‘s integrated approachThe integrated approach comprises:

- all types of renewable energy, in a sustainable manner

- RE’s role in the overall energy system

- an intergovernmental organisation

- with industrialised, emerging and developing countries (no limitation of membership)

- involving all stakeholders from governmental organisations, industry, academia, institutions and civil society

   

 

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• Join forces

•Examine potential for

future cooperation

• Enhance synergy

• Initiate variety of

exchanges

4. Cooperation with other organisations

   

 

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Thank you very much !

More information is available at:

www.bmu.dewww.irena.org

www.erneuerbare-energien.dewww.feed-in-cooperation.org