promoting parliamentary democracy booklet 2010.pdftoday’s resurgence of parliamentary democracy is...

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CPA 2010

PromotingParliamentaryDemocracy

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Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 1

THE COMMONWEALTH PARLIAMENTARY ASSOCIATION

The CPA is an Association of Commonwealth Parliamentarians who, irrespective ofgender, race, religion or culture, are united by community of interest, respect forthe rule of law and individual rights and freedoms, and by pursuit of the positiveideals of parliamentary democracy.

The Association’s mission is to promote the advancement of parliamentary democracy by enhancing knowledge and understanding of democratic governance.It seeks to build an informed parliamentary community able to deepen the Commonwealth’s democratic commitment and to further co-operation among itsParliaments and Legislatures. This mission is achieved through a Strategic Plan whichensures CPA activities continue to meet the changing needs of today’s Parliamentarians.

CPA programmes provide the sole means of regular consultation among Commonwealth Members, fostering co-operation and understanding and promoting the study of and respect for good parliamentary practice. This role isendorsed by Commonwealth Parliaments and Heads of Government. In 2003, governments bound themselves to an underlying set of Commonwealth principlesbased on a CPA initiative with legal professionals to define the proper relationshipsbetween the arms of government.

The Prime Minister of Rwanda, Rt Hon. Bernard Makuza (left) greeting the Secretary-General of the CPA, Dr William F. Shija (right) in Kigali.

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Commonwealth Parliamentary Association2

The CPA pursues its objectives by means of:

• Annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Conferences, Regional Conferences andother symposiums;

• Interparliamentary visits;• Parliamentary Seminars and Workshops;• Publications, notably The Parliamentarian, conference documentaries and

newsletters on CPA activities and parliamentary and political events, and• Parliamentary Information and Reference Centre research and communications.

Active CPA Branches now exist in 175 national, state, provincial and territorial Parliaments, with a total membership of approximately 17,000 Parliamentarians.

HISTORY

The CPA was founded in1911 as the Empire Par-liamentary Associationand its affairs wereadministered by theUnited Kingdom Branch.The original memberBranches were Australia,Canada, Newfoundland,New Zealand, SouthAfrica and the UnitedKingdom. Evolving withthe Commonwealth, theCPA in 1948 adopted itspresent name, changedits rules to enable all member Branches to participate in the Association’s manage-ment, and established a separate Secretariat to manage its affairs.

Today’s resurgence of parliamentary democracy is evident in the growth of theCPA. In the last decade, more than 50 new Parliaments and Legislatures joined orrejoined the CPA: Cameroon; new devolved Assemblies in Canada, India and theUnited Kingdom; Maldives; Mozambique; Nigeria and most of its states; Seychelles;South Africa and its provinces; Uganda, and Zanzibar in Tanzania. Pakistan and itsprovinces, active members until the country’s 1999 military coup, rejoined the CPAin 2004. In late 2003, Zimbabwe withdrew from the Commonwealth and the CPA.

British and dominion Parliamentarians meet at Westminster in 1911.



Fiji Islands returned to the CPA in 2002 and was an active member till its 2006 military coup. Rwanda’s Parliament has voted to join the CPA this year after thenation joined the Commonwealth in 2009.

The CPA in 1989 created the constitutional posts of Patron and Vice-Patron. H.M.Queen Elizabeth II as the Head of the Commonwealth consented to becomePatron. The Vice-Patron is normally the Head of State or Government of the Branchhosting the coming plenary conference. In 2010 H.E. Mwai Kibaki, President ofKenya, succeeded Tanzanian President H.E. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete as Vice-Patron.

ORGANIZATION

Branches and MembershipThe Association is composed of Branches formed in Legislatures in Common-wealth countries which subscribe toparliamentary democracy. The Mem-bers of the Legislature in which aBranch is formed are entitled tobecome Members of that Branch.For a Branch to qualify it must be alegislative body, thus both nationaland state or provincial Parliamentsas well as the Legislatures ofdependent territories may be mem-bers.

The Presiding Officers of legislativeChambers are normally the BranchPresidents, while the Leaders of the parliamentary parties are Vice-Presidents. TheClerk or Secretary-General of the Legislature usually acts as the Secretary of theBranch.

Every Branch is autonomous and the affairs of most Branches are managed by anExecutive Committee, elected annually by Members and usually representative ofall main parties or groups. Many Branches require their Members to pay an annualsubscription and many permit Members to apply for associate status on ceasing tobelong to the Legislature.

CPA Branches are currently grouped geographically into nine CommonwealthRegions for representation on the CPA Executive Committee and for the

Secretary-General Dr William Shija withScottish Branch President Speaker Alex Fergusson.



organization of regional conferences and seminars on parliamentary practice andprocedure. The Regions are: Africa; Asia; Australia; British Islands and Mediterranean;Canada; Caribbean, Americas and Atlantic; India; Pacific, and South-East Asia.

General AssemblyThe General Assembly, the Association’s supreme authority, is constituted by delegates to the annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference.

Officers of the AssociationThe Officers of the Association are: the President and Vice-President, each electedfor one year by the General Assembly; the Chairperson of the Executive Commit-tee, who is elected for three years by the General Assembly; the Vice-Chairperson,who is elected by the Executive Committee from among its Members for a one-year term, and the Treasurer, who is a Member of the Association nominated by theExecutive Committee and elected for three years by the General Assembly.

The President is nominated by the Branch which is to host the next plenary Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference and the Vice-President by the Branch tohost in the succeeding year.

The CPA Executive Committee gathers outside the Parliament of Bermuda for its2009 Mid-Year Meeting.



Executive CommitteeThe Constitution vests in an Executive Committee the control and management ofthe activities and business of the Association. This Committee now consists of 35Members, comprising the Officers of the Association, the Chairperson of the Commonwealth Women Parliamentarians and three Regional Representatives fromeach Region except Africa which, as a large Region, has six Representatives.The Committee meets just prior to the General Assembly, to which it reports, andholds a second meeting in another Commonwealth country midway between General Assemblies.

C o m m o n w e a l t hWomen Parliamentar-iansThe CWP was founded bywomen delegates at the1989 plenary conferenceso women at future con-ferences could discussways to increase femalerepresentation in Parlia-ment and work towardsthe mainstreaming of gen-der considerations in allCPA activities and pro-grammes. In 2004, thegroup was formally recog-nized in the CPA Consti-

tution and its elected Chairperson added to the CPA Executive Committee. TheCWP President is nominated annually by the year’s Commonwealth ParliamentaryConference host Branch. A Steering Committee of 11 Members plans its activities.

The SecretariatThe Association’s Secretariat is located in London, United Kingdom. A staff of 14 isheaded by the Secretary-General, the Association’s chief executive officer, who isresponsible for interpreting and implementing its policies and enhancing its activi-ties and international relations, and is Secretary to the annual plenary conference.The Secretariat maintains close relations with all Branches and promotes liaisonand co-operation among them. Reporting and responsible to the Secretary-Gen-eral are two Directorates responsible for Communications and Research and forAdministration and Finance, with the organization of conferences, seminars andother events shared between them.

Dr Shija (left) speaking to the Minister for PublicService in Swaziland, Hon. Mtiti Fakudze, MP (centre)and the Speaker of the House of Assembly in Swazi-land, HRH Prince Guduza G. Dlamini (right).



FinancesThe Association is financed principally by membership fees paid annually by Branches, with additional income provided by two trust funds and by national andinternational agencies on a programme partnership basis.

The first trust fund, the Working Capital Fund, supports new ventures to promotethe study and understanding of parliamentary affairs. Established in 1978 to expandCPA activities, this fund uses investment income from capital generously contributed by many Branches to support such events as regional conferences andseminars. The second fund, the Conference Assistance Fund, was established byBranch donations early in the 1990s to provide grants to assist the Branch hostingthe CPA’s annual conference.

ACTIVITIES

Commonwealth Parliamentary ConferencesGlobal political issues and developments in the parliamentary system are analyzedin conference debates among leading Members of Parliaments and Legislatures

1948 United Kingdom1950 New Zealand1952 Canada1954 Kenya1957 India1959 Australia1961 United Kingdom1962 Nigeria1963 Malaysia1964 Jamaica1965 New Zealand1966 Canada1967 Uganda1968 The Bahamas1969 Trinidad & Tobago1970 Australia1971 Malaysia1972 Malawi1973 United Kingdom

1974 Sri Lanka1975 India1976 Mauritius1977 Canada1978 Jamaica1979 New Zealand1980 Zambia1981 Fiji1982 The Bahamas1983 Kenya1984 Isle of Man1985 Saskatchewan1986 United Kingdom1987 Malaysia1988 Australia1989 Barbados1990 Zimbabwe1991 India1992 The Bahamas

1993 Cyprus1994 Canada1995 Sri Lanka1996 Malaysia1997 Mauritius1998 New Zealand1999 Trinidad & Tobago2000 United Kingdom2001 Australia2002 Namibia2003 Bangladesh2004 Canada2005 Fiji Islands2006 Nigeria2007 India2008 Malaysia2009 Tanzania

The following CPA Branches have hosted Commonwealth Parliamentary Conferences:



throughout the Common-wealth. These plenary confer-ences were biennial from1948 to 1959 and annualsince 1961. The conferencewill be held in Kenya in 2010.A summary of the main viewsexpressed in conferencedebates is sent to Members,Commonwealth govern-ments, the United Nationsand international agencies.

The conference period alsoencompasses meetings of the

General Assembly, the Executive Committee, Small Branches Members, CWP andparliamentary Clerks and Secretaries.

Small Branches ConferencesThe CPA has since 1981 held Small Branches Conferences for Members from morethan 30 jurisdictions with populations of up to a current ceiling of 500,000 people.Members discuss political problems and the operation of democratic systems insome of the world’s smallest jurisdictions. This annual meeting is held in conjunc-tion with the plenary conference and so will be held in Kenya in 2010.

Regional ConferencesThe African, British Islands and Mediterranean, and Canadian Regions as well as theCaribbean, the Americas and the Atlantic Region organize regular conferences oftheir respective Branches. The Australian and Pacific Regions hold joint conferences, and the Asian, Indian and South-East Asian Regions meet from time totime, sometimes in joint gatherings. The agendas for these conferences cover mat-ters of regional interest which are more appropriately discussed there than at theplenary conferences of the Association.

Commonwealth Parliamentary SeminarsThe CPA holds an annual Commonwealth Parliamentary Seminar, hosted jointly since1989 with different Branches on a regional rotation. Discussions on practice and procedure are led by delegates and local Members and officials. The 2009 host wasNew South Wales and an Asian Region Branch will host in 2010. Canada began another Commonwealth seminar in 2001. These seminars were established to complement the Westminster Seminar on Parliamentary Practice and Procedurewhich the CPA United Kingdom Branch has hosted in London since 1952.

Small Branches Conference in Tanzania, 2009.



Regional and Local SeminarsRegional seminars on practice and procedure are held in the Australian and PacificRegions jointly, and in the Indian and Canadian Regions.

Many Branches hold seminars for their Members and parliamentary officials. Oftenheld after elections, these are sometimes augmented by experienced MPs and

officials from other Branches, with CPA Headquarters Secretariat support.Six workshops for West Africa on parliamentary processes related to public spending and poverty reduction were held in 2004 and 2005, with funding from theUnited Kingdom Department for International Development (DfID) and in partnership with the World Bank Institute. DfID also supported CPA proceduralworkshops for nearly 400 southern African Members from 1996 to 2002.

Post-Election SeminarsSince the 1991 Commonwealth Declaration in which Heads of Government recognized the CPA role in promoting democracy, the Association has undertakenan intensive programme of 51 seminars in Commonwealth countries. Focusingmainly on countries with new parliamentary systems or an unusually high intake ofnew Members at elections, each seminar is led by a team of CPA Members and officials from a cross-section of Parliaments who explain their Assemblies’ procedures without prescribing any one form of parliamentary practice.

Attendees at the Post-Election Seminar in Dominica, March 2010.



In the last two decades, post-election seminars have been heldin:

Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas (two), Bangladesh, Barbados(two), Bermuda, Botswana (two), Cayman Islands, Dominica, FijiIslands (two), Ghana (two), Grenada, Guyana, Kenya (five),KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho (three), Malawi (two), Maldives,Montserrat, Pakistan, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tanzania (two), Trinidad and Tobago (three), Turks andCaicos Islands (two), Uganda (two), Zambia (three), Zanzibarand Zimbabwe (two).

Election ObservationThe CPA co-operates with the Commonwealth Secretary-Gen-eral in forming Election Observation Groups. Lists of currentand former Members are consulted so experienced politicianscan be nominated to serve on observer missions. Members pro-posed by the CPA have played leading roles as Commonwealthobservers, and the CPA has also provided some administrative support and pub-lished a pocket manual for election observers.

CommunicationsThe Association uses print and electronic media to commu-nicate information about parliamentary processes and CPAactivities to all Members and to promote interest in parlia-mentary democracy in the general public. Television docu-mentaries, printed publications and electronic communica-tions using broadcast and internet media are aimed at deep-ening interest in and understanding of democratic forms ofgovernance.

The Parliamentarian: Published quarterly by the CPA Secretariat, it contains articles,analyses and bibliographical information on parlia-mentary, political and constitutional developmentswritten by Speakers, Ministers, Members or parlia-mentary officials involved in the issues. Factualreports are also published on major proceedings inseveral sovereign Commonwealth Parliaments andon legislative initiatives in a selection of Houses.

Newsletters: A newsletter on CPA developments



and parliamentary and political news, First Reading, is issued approximately everythree to four months and an electronic newsletter, CPA Update, is emailed toBranches monthly.

Specialist Publications: The CPA publishes other material on parliamentary subjects,such as: good practice guides based on the views of expert Members, summaries ofcertain conferences and seminars, a booklet on the activities of the Common-

wealth Women Parlia-mentarians, a Common-wealth parliamentarymap, a ParliamentaryDirectory, surveys of par-liamentary salaries andallowances and of Mem-bers’ services and, withthe Society of Clerks-at-the-Table, a model train-ing manual for parliamen-tary staff. A history of theAssociation and its role inthe evolution of the

Commonwealth and parliamentary democracy has been published, along withother books on parliamentary subjects.

Parliamentary Information and Reference CentreThis Centre, at the CPA Headquarters Secretariat, maintains in co-operation withparliamentary officials an extensive collection of material on Commonwealth Par-liaments. It provides an information service for Members and Branches, producesbook lists in the parliamentary field and generates comparative material for publi-cation on such issues as parliamentary practices regarding broadcasting and free-dom of information. A new initiative has begun to undertake original research intoparliamentary issues.

The Centre runs a Commonwealth parliamentary website offering information onthe CPA and democratic systems. The site at www.cpahq.org provides a directory of Parliaments and Legislatures, accounts of CPA activities and reports onparliamentary issues. It also carries news, links to parliamentary and other sites,professional development material and information on women in Parliament andCPA youth programmes.

Parliamentary StudiesStudy Groups of experienced Parliamentarians examine and report on good prac-

Participants at the La Trobe PAC seminar in Victoria,Australia.



tice in such key governance areas as: democratic benchmarks, HIV/AIDS, parlia-mentary administration and finance, conflict resolution, and freedom ofinformation.The report of the Benchmarks Study Group is serving as the basis for a global pro-gramme on parliamentary standards being conducted by the CPA with the UnitedNations Development Programme, the World Bank Institute and others. In 2009,Pacific Parliaments adapted the Benchmarks report to set Benchmarks for PacificIsland Legislatures and in 2010 the Asian, Indian and South-East Asian Regionsadopted Asian Benchmarks.

Earlier Groups have reported on: public financial scrutiny, science policy, secondChambers, security of small states, electoral processes, conflict of interest, com-mittee systems, gender implications in Standing Orders, the role of Public AccountsCommittees, developing professional knowledge-based Members, procedures andlegislation for informed democracy and Parliament and the international tradingsystem. Some Study Groups are followed by regional workshops on the subject.The CPA and its Members have also joined with other bodies to consider: relationsbetween Parliament and the judiciary, with three Commonwealth organizations inthe legal field; links between Parliament and the executive, democracy in smallstates and the role of government and opposition, all with the Commonwealth Sec-retariat; Parliament and the media, with three Commonwealth media organizationsand in partnership with the World Bank Institute and others, and, also with WorldBank Institute support, Parliament and ensuring accountability.

A West African Workshop on Government and Opposition was held in 2008 in collaboration with the Commonwealth Secretariat. A Latimer House Colloquiumon the relationship between the three arms of government was organized with

The Secretary-General (centre) speaking at the Benchmarks conference in Paris.



Commonwealth legal associations and the Commonwealth Secretariat in conjunction with the 2008 Commonwealth Law Ministers Meeting in Scotland.Regional seminars on trade have been held with the World Trade Organization, witha 2009 seminars held for Caribbean Members. An annual regional seminar for Public Accounts Committees, in partnership with the World Bank Institute and theCanadian Parliamentary Centre, began for the Africa Region in 2009, and one forAsian and India was held in 2010. They followed the format of the annual CPA-WBIseminars with Australia’s La Trobe University for PACs and Auditors-General fromselected countries. From 2008, committee staff at the La Trobe programme weresupported by the CPA to attend a Parliamentary Committee Inquiries Course runby the Centre for Democratic Institutions. A Workshop with the WBI on conflict-affected states is planned for 2010.

Professional Parliamentary DevelopmentSustained projects to support the development of four Parliaments have been heldwith some support from other agencies. Projects in Bougainville, Guyana, Malawiand the Solomon Islands sought to strengthen those institutions and the performance of the Members and staff working in them. A fifth project assistedEastern Caribbean Parliaments to update and harmonize their Standing Orders.

Given the importance to parliamentary democracy of having well-trained staff,regional seminars for parliamentary officials have been held in Asia three times,Africa and the Caribbean twice and in the Pacific. Regional seminars for staff arebeing held annually.

Participants at the 2010 Caribbean Clerks Seminar in Antigua and Barbuda withAntiguan Speaker Hon. Giselle Isaac-Arrindell, MP, (front row fourth from left).



Much value can be gained from the sharing of parliamentary experiences and soCPA facilitates attachments of senior Members and officials from one Parliament toanother so they can assess practices and procedures which may be adapted tostrengthen their institution.A consultancy support scheme has also been established to enable Parliaments tobenefit from advice from experienced parliamentary officials.

Parliamentary DelegationsInterchanges of visits by delegations and individual Members are increasing steadily. Certain Branches exchange visits with each other regularly.

Beyond the Parliamentary CommunityThe Association seeks to extend the influence of Commonwealth Members in theglobal community and expose Commonwealth Members to views elsewhere. Since1994, joint conferences with a British governmental agency, Wilton Park, havebrought CPA Members together with a group of mainly European politicians andofficials to discuss world issues. Recent conferences have examined Parliaments inconflict-affected countries, financial probity and parliamentary ethics, re-engagingthe public in parliamentary governance, models for ideal parliamentary democracies and poverty reduction. Some of these meetings have led to the publication of definitive texts on their subjects.

The CPA extends observer status at its plenary conferences to other interparliamentary organizations and some non-Commonwealth Parliaments. CPArepresentatives also attend conferences of other interparliamentary and intergovernmental bodies.

Two of the presenters, Sir Nicholas Winterton, MP (left) and Ms Kate Hoey, MP,(right) speaking on Commonwealth Day 2010.



Recognizing the importance of promoting democracy to young people, the CPAholds a regular Commonwealth Day event for young representatives fromBranches. Three Commonwealth Youth Parliaments have been held, the latest inQueensland in 2005, and supporting audio-visual material is provided to encourage Branches to hold their own similar events.

BENEFITS OF MEMBERSHIP

Similar to professional development courses in other fields, Parliamentariansenhance the quality of democratic representation through CPA initiatives.

Conferences and SeminarsMembership provides the opportunity for participation in plenary and regionalconferences, seminars, visits and exchanges of delegations. Special seminars arearranged on request for Parliaments, especially those which have just been electedafter periods of military government or after significant constitutional changes.

PublicationsAll Branch Members are entitled to receive, free of charge, The Parliamentarianquarterly and the newsletter First Reading on a regular basis, as well as, subject tothe directives of the Executive Committee, other printed and electronic publications produced periodically.

InformationThe Secretariat, especially the Parliamentary Information and Reference Centre,provides information to Members on parliamentary, constitutional and Commonwealth matters.

IntroductionsBranches readily assist in arranging introductions and hospitality for Members visiting other jurisdictions. A letter from the visiting Member’s Branch Secretary isusually helpful in this and other contexts.

Parliamentary FacilitiesMembers visiting other Commonwealth countries are normally accorded parliamentary courtesies, especially access to debates and local Members.

TravelSome Branches provide for a designated number of their Members annually toundertake study tours of Commonwealth and other countries to compare political and procedural developments. Other Branches arrange ad hoc visits.



REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES

AFRICAHon. Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu,MP(Chairperson of the National Councilof Provinces, South Africa)

Hon. José António Amélia, MP(Mozambique) (Acting)

Hon. Marwick Khumalo, MP(Swaziland)

Hon. Job Yustino Ndugai, MP(Tanzania)

Hon. Muyali Boya Mary epseMeboka, MP(Cameroon)

CHAIRPERSON OF THE COMMONWEALTH WOMENPARLIAMENTARIANSMs Kashmala Tariq, MNA(Pakistan)

Hon. Sada Soli Jibia, MP(Nigeria)

ASIAHon. Chamal Rajapaksa, MP(Speaker of Parliament, Sri Lanka)(Acting)

Hon. Kiramatullah Khan, MP(Speaker of the Provincial Assembly,Northwest Frontier)

Hon. Abdul Hamid, MP(Speaker of Parliament, Bangladesh)

OFFICERS

President:Hon. Kenneth Marende, MP(Speaker of the National Assembly, Kenya)

Chairperson of the Executive Committee:Hon. Dato Seri Mohd Shafie Apdal, MP(Minister of Rural and Regional Devel-opment, Malaysia)

Vice-President:Rt Hon. John Bercow, MP(Speaker of the House of Commons, United Kingdom)

Vice-Chairperson of the ExecutiveCommittee:Hon. Kathleen Casey, MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly,Prince Edward Island)

PATRON: VICE-PATRON: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II Hon. Mwai Kibaki, MP(Head of the Commonwealth) (President of Kenya)

Treasurer:Hon. Hashim Abdul Halim, MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, West Bengal)



AUSTRALIAHon. John Pandazopoulos, MP(Victoria)

Hon. Michael Polley, MP(Speaker of the House of Assembly,Tasmania)

Sen. the Hon. John Hogg(President of the Senate,Australia)

BRITISH ISLANDS & MEDITERRANEANMr Alun Cairns, AM(Wales)

Hon. Ernest M. Britto, MP(Minister for the Environment andTourism, Gibraltar)

Mr Lindsay Hoyle, MP(United Kingdom)

CANADAHon. Kathleen Casey, MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly,Prince Edward Island)

Hon. George Hickes, MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly,Manitoba)

Mr Joe Preston, MP(Canada)

CARlBBEAN, AMERICAS &ATLANTICHon. Keith Flax, MHA(Deputy Speaker of the House ofAssembly, British Virgin Islands)

Hon. Hari N. Ramkarran, SCC, MP(Speaker of the National Assembly,Guyana)

Hon. Alix Boyd Knights, MHA(Speaker of the House of Assembly,Dominica)

INDIAHon. Uday Narain Choudhary,MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly,Bihar)

Hon. Tanka Bahadur Rai, MLA(Speaker of the Legislative Assembly,Assam)

Hon. Meira Kumar, MP(Speaker of the Lok Sabha, India)

PACIFICHon. Snyder Rini, MP(Solomon Islands)

Hon. Dr Tetau Taitai, MP(Kiribati)

Hon. Bill Vakaafi Motufoou, MP(Niue)

SOUTH-EAST ASIAHon. Datuk Frankie Chong YuChee, MLA(Deputy Speaker of the LegislativeAssembly, Sabah)

Dr Mohammad Maliki Osman, MP(Singapore)

Hon. Datuk Ronald Kiandee, MP(Malaysia)


Commonwealth Parliamentary Association SecretariatSuite 700, Westminster House,

7 Millbank, London SW1P 3JA, United Kingdom.

Tel.: (+44-20) 7799-1460 Fax: (+44-20) 7222-6073E-mail: [email protected] www.cpahq.org

Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Secretariat

Secretary-General:Dr William F. Shija

Director of Communications and Research:Mr Andrew Imlach

Director of Administration and Finance:Mr David Broom


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