Final Report

Promoting cañahua in the extreme climatic conditions of the Bolivian altiplano: A highly nutritive crop with tolerance to the effects of

climate change, Bolivia

Grantee: NORDIC CLIMATE FACILITY

Grant holder: KU, Denmark

Local Partner: PROINPA Foundation, Bolivia

Project start date: 01/07/2013

Project end date: 30/06/2015

2/5 2016 Date Person responsible (Signature)

seja@plen.ku.dk; 4535333388 Assoc.Prof. Sven-Erik Jacobsen

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 3

2. ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ................................................... 3

2.1. Implementation of Activities ......................................................................................... 3

2.2. Deviations from the Planned Activities ......................................................................... 6

3. PLANNED OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS ........................................................................... 6

3.1. Achievement of Outputs and Objectives ....................................................................... 6

4. CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................................................ 8

5. DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS AND CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ................................................. 9

6. ASSESSMENT OF THE RESULTS AND IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ................................... 10

6.1. Relevance..................................................................................................................... 10

6.2. Effectiveness ................................................................................................................ 10

6.3. Efficiency ...................................................................................................................... 10

6.4. Impact .......................................................................................................................... 11

6.5. Innovativeness and learning ........................................................................................ 11

7. SUSTAINABILITY AND POTENTIAL FOR SCALING UP AND FOLLOW-UP INVESTMENTS ... 12

8. FINANCIAL REPORTING ............................................................................................... 13

9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................. 13

ANNEXES .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Annex 1 Updated Logical Framework Matrix ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Annex 2 Pictures .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Annex 3 Other supplementary deliverables/documentation Error! Bookmark not defined.

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The cañahua project had the objectives a) Optimize cañahua crop management, harvest and post-harvest technology; b) Select and breed quality seed of cañahua short cycle varieties; c) Adapt pilot plants for cañahua seed processing; and d) Develop commercial innovations to bring diversified cañahua products to the market (market access).

a) the Tip-top seed drill was validated with germination>95%, reducing the time consumption mainly from

women. Soil fertility was improved by the use of bio-products. Postharvest contamination with soil was avoided by new equipment like threshers and cleaners. Yield was increased from 300 to 648 kgha

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producer families received capacitation, reaching indirectly more than 600.

b) two cultivars of cañahua have been developed, an early and a late on, the latter with higher yield. Producers

received 1369 kg of quality seeds allowing them to increase the cañahua surface from 25 to 193 ha. In total,

122 tons of cañahua were produced, of which 5% was used for seed, 20% for local consumption and 75% for

commercialization.

c) a pilot plant for pearled cañahua processing has been established to satisfy the international market. It

does not require water for cleaning, hence environmentally friendly.

d) pearled cañahua has been introduced in the market by strengthening the alliances between the producers

and the exporters. Producer organizations have been strengthened for marketing. Producers obtained a price

of pearl cañahua increasing from 630 to 2030 USD/t. A total of 10 tons of pearled cañahua has been exported

to Canada and United States.

Cañahua has a high potential to generate income to producers. However it is essential to continue with research and innovation since pest and disease problems arise with climate change.

Cañahua area, yield and price have increased, but still quality standards demanded by international markets are not well-defined.

2. ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

2.1. Implementation of Activities

Activity 1.1.1 Define experimental sites

The project was implemented in three provinces that differ in agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions, municipality of Huarina (province of Omasuyos), municipalities of Jesús de Machaca and San Andres de Machaca (province of Ingavi) and municipality of Caquiaviri (province of Pacajes).

Activity 1.2.1. Adaptation of hand-pulled sowing machine for cañahua. The sowing machine Tipi-Top was evaluated in a participatory way in three municipalities, compared to local, manual practice. Farmers, male and female, can use Tipi Top without any problem, because it is light and easy to manipulate. Evaluation in the season 2014-15 has shown that the most favourable sowing density is 4 kg/ha, which is higher than the local practice of 2 kg/ha. The majority of the participating producers of the communities (˃95%) agree that Tipi-Top is a good technology for sowing cañahua, similar to what was expressed by the producers in 2013-2014. It is effective even in uneven terrain with little soil moisture.

Activity 1.2.2. Accompanying family cañahua production. 681 families were benefited from the project. They had access to quality seeds and learned the use of biological inputs like Vigortop, for organic cañahua production. The families received a total of 1369 kg of seed which was used for the production of 193 ha of cañahua (53 ha more than scheduled). The use of quality seeds, tipi-top planter and effective management of bio-products for crop development resulted in an average yield of 648 kg/ha, 348 kg more than local average.

In total 122 t cañahua (compared to the 84 t expected) were produced. Producers were left with 5% for seed, 20% for local consumption, and 75% was sold.

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Figure 1. Map of the La Paz department in Bolivia. The Project was located in Pacajes, Ingavi and Omasuyos

provinces

Activity 1.2.3. Participatory development of harvest techniques for cañahua. Three forms of manual harvests were evaluated (sickle, pulling of plants, mower). The least attractive method was pulling of plants. Harvesting with a sickle is recommended.

Figure 2. A sickle used by farmers in cañahua harvest

Activity 1.2.4. Development of techniques for drying and threshing cañahua. Two technologies

have been tested for drying cañahua (canvas and plastic), both have worked well with the producer,

as the grain harvest contained fewer impurities as stones and soil. We assessed the mechanical

canahua thresher, where producers have verified its efficiency in terms of seed quality, less labour

and time use. The producers will continue its use.

Activity 1.2.5 Adaptation of hand- and motor driven winnower machine. The motor driven

winnower

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obtained 460 kg/day of clean grain compared to just 50 kg/day with traditional methodology.

Activity 1.3.1. Capacity building for improving yield and production. We have strengthened

capacities of 432 farm families directly, and in addition have reached 601 families indirectly. Training

topics were soil, crop and pest management, plant nutrition, harvest and postharvest. It has led to the

effective participation of women, resulting in 55% of women in the theoretical and practical courses.

Activity 2.1. Participatory selection of early maturing lines. Selection actions were developed in

Kasillunka and the experimental Kíphakíphani center. The genetic material consisted of eight early

lines and a control variety Chamomile (pink Lasta). The evaluated variables were number of days

from sowing to maturity, plant height at harvesting, days of flowering and grain yield. Earliness

and low yield were correlated. Farmers selected lines 1 and 5 since line 1 is short cycle with good

yield, tolerating climate changes. Line 5 has higher yield but long cycle. Farmers will use these two

lines for yield (commercialization) and food security (detailed information in annexes, document 2.1).

Activity 2.2. Adjustment of technical procedures for quality seed production. Two cañahua

plots were established in order to adjust the technical procedures for certified cañahua seed

production. PROINPA delivered new information to INIAF, the public institution responsible for seed

certification. At present, INIAF has all information for cañahua seed production, so the new procedure

is expected soon.

Activity 2.3. Certified cañahua seed production. In the two years of the project has been produced a

total of 29 quintals of certified cañahua seed of high quality of variety Illimani. Of those, 13

quintals were audited and the other 16 quintals are still in process of laboratory analyses. 29

quintals will ensure 352 ha with certified cañahua production in the next season.

Activity 3.1. Development of small scale equipment for seed selection. A new tool has been

developed, replacing sieve size of 2mm with sieves of 1.5 mm. This new tool improves classification

and grain cleaning.

Activity 3.2. Development of small scale equipment for seed cleaning (cleaning and washing).

The processing plant has a scaler, a motor driven winnower, and a gravimetric sorting table.

This plant can produce the demanded pearl cañahua for national and international markets. In the

2014-15 season the plant processed 10 t. The plant does not use water.

Activity 3.3. Dissemination of information for the implementation of small processing plants. This

activity was carried out in coordination with the Andean Association for Processing Organic

Products (APPOA) the local authorities of the community Incawara and the technical team of the

project. With the presence of 14 APPOA members, a first workshop was organized for development

and adaptation of processing cañahua. A second workshop was organized for the development

and adaptation of the equipment for cleaning the cañahua grain with the presence of 65 members

of four communities (Incawara, Loma Wascar, Centro A and Villa del Mar). Information was given on

organic production and commercialization. Finally, a third workshop was carried out in Quipaquipani

with the presence of 11 authorities from Caquiaviri. The processing plant was demonstrated. Capacity

needs to increase in the future.

Activity 4.1 Research on potential marketable traits of cañahua. A business plan was developed with

APPOA, raw material supplier of the company GRANDIS SRL. Economic viability, market

opportunities, and a clear strategy for adapting to climate change were generated. Business risks

were minimized for APPOA by immediate payment of cañahua bought by GRANDIS SRL, and also

strengthening the links to the commercial sector from individual producers in other communities

to APPOA. Analysis of macro- and micronutrients showed high levels in cañahua both with

perigonium (a set of the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward, which cover a

cañahua grains, is l ike a husk) or pearl cañahua (without perigonium), comparable or even

higher than quinoa. When removing the perigonium of the cañahua grain, the amount of fiber is

reduced 1.25 g/100g and of calcium 59.46 mg/100g, versus an increase of linoleic fatty acid 18:3

in 1.01% in pearl cañahua compared to cañahua with perigonium.

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Activity 4.2 Market studies to determine potential markets. Cañahua market analyses are performed in Bolivia, Peru and UK, and contacts have been taken in Denmark. There are import restrictions in the EU as canahua is considered a new food product. Therefore, a registration process in the EU is required. For all markets there are requirements in terms of presentation and uniformity. Cañahua is exported mainly as an organic product. Cañahua marketing is also aimed at the domestic market, where small scale farmers and their associations sell products at local fairs, regional markets and major urban centers like La Paz. The marketing is established through wholesalers working with processing companies (detailed information in annexes, document market study).

Activity 4.3 Organizational strengthening to satisfy market requirements. We have analyzed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of APPOA, based in Kasillunca. We have achieved its index of institutional strengthening, performed an analysis of economic and social benefit of the organization, and established a business strategy for the future work in APPOA. With the implementation of the activity, APPOA has been strengthened. The development of capacities is on average 64% (it means that they have performed a 64% of their planned outputs in terms of organizational strengthening), a level justified by good economic results and implementation of the Internal Committee of Organic Certification Control, as a result of the agricultural technical training. The result is confirmed with the implementation of B2 methodology (CIOEC), which shows that APPOA is located in quadrant II of the Cartesian graph, with an adequate level of economic and social benefit (detailed information in annexes, document 4.3).

Activity 4.4 Marketing and commercialization by local organizations. A commercial strategy of APPOA was implemented, and accepted by the farmers. Under this strategy, APPOA could market a total of 10193 kg of pearled cañahua. APPOA farmers, made the procedure for organic certification of cañahua with the international company BIOLATINA. To do this, they had to fill out forms, register information about cañahua management and meet the standards of organic food production. The price of the 10t was 2499 $us/t, aimed at internal and external markets, that is 499 $us more than expected. Commercial innovation was achieved for cañahua, with a model that adapt favorably to the cultivation strategy as a real option to climate change adaptation (detailed information in annexes, document marketing plan).

2.2. Deviations from the Planned Activities

Not applicable

3. PLANNED OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS

3.1. Achievement of Outputs and Objectives

Planned objectives

and outputs

Indicators: Achievement of the objectives and outputs:

Objective 1:

Optimize cañahua

crop management, harvest and post- harvest technology

The project was implemented in four municipalities (Huarina, Jesús

de Machaca, San Andres de Machaca and Caquiaviri)

Crop management was optimized through the use of quality seeds, the Tipi-Top seed drill, biofertilizers, postharvesting practices (blankets and sieves), seed cleaner air and thresher. We have expanded the area, yield and productivity of cañahua.

Output 1.1: Trial

sites identified;

Cultivated area will

be increased from 25 to 140 ha and the yield from 300 to 600 kg/ha

The project was implemented in three provinces that differ in agro-

ecological and socio-economic characteristics, located in the municipality of Huarina (province of Omasuyos), municipalities of Jesús de Machaca and San Andres de Machaca (province of Ingavi) and municipality of Caquiaviri (province of Pacajes).

Output 1.2:

Increased cañahua seed production

193 ha were cultivated, 53 ha more than scheduled (140 ha).

Yield increased from 300 to 648 kg/ha (48 kg more than scheduled) In total 122 t cañahua were produced, compared to the 84 t expected.

Producers were left with 5% for seed, 20% for local consumption, and 75% was sold.

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Output 1.3:

Training and dissemination;

Training was performed through Farmer Field Schools and

complementary.

We have strengthened capacities of 432 farm families directly, and in addition have reached 601 families indirectly.

Training topics were in the management of soil fertility, crop and

pest management, plant nutrition, harvest and postharvest. It has led to the effective participation of women, resulting in 55% of women in the theoretical and practical courses.

Objective 2: Select

and breed quality seed of cañahua short cycle varieties

Families and technical team have worked on the selection of two

varieties of cañahua. Both varieties have satisfied the needs of producers in terms of resilience to variability and climate change, food security, yield and seed quality for marketing.

The project supported the production of high quality seed of

cañahua. This seed served to increase the area of cañahua in the communities, creating increased yield, consumption and income for the family

Output 2.1: Variety

selection and cañahua seed multiplication;

One improved variety

selected,

3 ha of seed production by the established variety Illimani (higher yield and tolerance to frost and drought.)

Farmers have selected two lines (1 and 5), with line 1 ibeing short

cycle of relatively low yield, but adapted to climate changes. Line 5 has higher yield and a longer cycle. Farmers will use these two lines for commercialization and food security.

The families received a total of 1369 kg of seed which was used for

the production of 193 ha of cañahua

The production of certified seed of cañahua was concluded, in total 29 quintals, ensuring 352 ha with certified cañahua production in the next season.

Objective 3. Adapt

pilot plants for cañahua seed processing.

A pilot plant for the processing of seed and grain was established.

The project has prioritized the use of the technology without water, as water is lacking in the communities increasingly under climate changes.

The pilot plant has produced 1369 kg seed for sowing, and 10 t seed for marketing.

Output 3.1: Development and adaptation of seed cleaning and seed selecting equipment.

One well equipped seed processing plant is established

The market demands pearl grain. One well equipped plant that has been established with a scaler, a motor driven winnower, and a gravimetric sorting table. This plant can produce pearl cañahua for national and international markets, without use of water.

In the 2014-15 season the plant processed 10 t, which were

commercialized

Objective 4.

Develop commercial innovations to bring diversified cañahua products to the market.

Market analyses were performed in Bolivia and Europe. In Europe,

cañahua need to be registered as a novel food for commercialization, which means major investments. On the local market, cañahua is marketed at a price related to quinoa. The markets in the United States and Canada are open, and exports are building up. US and Europe demand pearl cañahua, whereas local market demands whole grain, pop, chips and flour.

APPOA (producer organization) has been strengthened in its production capacity and marketing. As a result of this process, they have sold their production in the local market, and 10 t of pearl cañahua have been exported to markets in North America.

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Output 4.1:

Market Access

The price will increase

from 630

to 2000 USD/t

There are import restrictions in the EU because canahua is

considered a novel food product. A registration process based on

standards of admission requirements of the EU is required. In order

to undertake a registration process is needed further investments,

according to EU about 100 000 to 300 000 Euros should be

invested by south american governments who want to open EU

market for cañahua

A commercial strategy of APPOA was implemented, and accepted by

the farmers. Under this strategy, 10193 kg of cañahua was certified

as organic food by BIOLATINA (international certifier). In order to do

so, farmers had to fill out forms, register information about cañahua

management and meet the standarts of organic food production.

The price of the 10t was 2499 USD/t, this 10 tons were exported

to Canada nad United States, the Price 499 USD more than

expected. Commercial innovation was achieved with a variety

that adapt favourably to climate change (earliness) and market

access (organic certificaction).

Producer families commercialized 91,5 tons of cañahua in the local

market. Producers increased their income in 326,06 USD/ton (data

vary depending on the time of sale in the year), meaning a total of

approximately 29 835 USD additional that earned producer families

4. CLIMATE CHANGE

a) Local actors (public and private) continue to investigate and innovate – combining

conventional science and traditional knowledge - to adapt to climate variability and change.

According to Andean tradition, farmers continue to domesticate crops, also cañahua. In the past two years,

the Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Innovation (INIAF) under the Ministry of Rural Development and Lands is involved in the sustainable management of genetic resources of Andean grains, including cañahua. INIAF develops its research and innovation activities by combining local and modern knowledge. Private institutions as PROINPA contribute to the generation of knowledge through participatory breeding for adaption to climate change and variability. Actions are the promotion and conservation of cañahua genetic resources, and the generation of early cañahua cultivars of good yield by the Cañahua project with PROINPA allowing families to have more options for adaptation and resilience.

b) Rural families are in a better condition to face the consequences of the climate change thanks to

resilient farming systems.

432 families have improved their capacity of adaptation through the following aspects. The project has generated two cañahua cultivars, one early and the second cultivar of long cycle but higher yield. These two cultivars allow families to secure cañahua production, independently of climate change and variability. The access to market has been vital since the opening of the market for organic cañahua improving food security (diet diversification, access to new technology, for example, forage seed, etc.). Improved practices for soil management (biofertilizers, organic matter, reduced tillage, soil microorganisms, etc.), is a key element to improve productivity and adaptation of the production system

c) Rural families consume more products with high nutritive value, thanks to increased awareness,

increased production and availability of semi-processed products.

The project has contributed to improve productivity, technology, management and processing of cañahua without using water. Higher productivity has resulted in families to have surpluses to be commercialized. Cañahua is reaching higher yields without use of pesticides, and seed processing without water, saving the scarce water in the highland. The tool has been workshops to strengthen knowledge of producer families and their organization. The combination of these elements has affected the processed cañahua (10 tons) to be

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sold to markets in the municipalities in cities, through the school breakfast program leading to the consumption of safe food for its organic quality, free of chemicals and high nutritive value.

d) The model for identifying resilient farming systems is replicated by several institutions in other

Bolivian areas.

The cañahua project has spread the benefits of this crop both in agriculture and in its nutritional value and

performance in a context of climate variability and change. These facts have aroused the interest of public

entities such as the Ministry of Rural Development and Land, the National Institute for Innovation in

Agriculture and Forestry (INIAF) and development support projects (private sector) like rural markets and

Helvetas projects (funded by the Swiss cooperation). In this sense, public entities consider cañahua as a

potential crop for the Bolivian Andean region, by virtue of their behavior in vulnerable systems and the

opportunity to be marketed internationally because of its nutritional qualities.

Private entities have initiated new projects in other areas of the highlands with cañahua, so that this crop is

expected to be more widespread in the future. The technology developed in the project (early varieties,

seeder, bio-fertilizers and growth promoters, threshers) has been of interest in these entities and are in the

process of being used by other farmers. Likewise, the municipalities of Omasuyos, Pacajes and Ingavi have the

willingness to initiate programs to support communities to market the joint family farmers who grow cañahua.

5. DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS AND CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES

Farmers from eight communities located in 3 different cañahua producing provinces of La Paz Bolivia will

adopt early producing cañahua varieties and improved cultivation practices:

• The project was implemented in three provinces that differ in agro-ecological and socio-economic

characteristics, located in the municipality of Huarina (province of Omasuyos), municipalities of Jesús de

Machaca and San Andres de Machaca (province of Ingavi) and municipality of Caquiaviri (province of

Pacajes). Work was carried out together with 432 producer families in 8 communities. They used quality

seed (1369 kg) and strengthened their knowledge, attitudes and practices of cañahua organic

management, bio-inputs use, soil management, harvest, postharvest and commercialization.

Farmers from eight communities will produce 84 tons of cañahua for home consumption and market.

• The families that participated in the project produced 122 tons of organic cañahua (38 tons more than

expected), from which 5% was kept as seed for the next year, 20% was used for local consumption and

75% was commercialized in the organic cañahua market.

Farmers from eight communities will market cañahua and increase family income.

• Producer families commercialized 91,5 tons of cañahua, from which 10 tons were exported to Canada and the United States. Producers increased their income by 326 USD/ton) (data vary depending on the time of sale in the year), in total 29 835 USD.

Production of cañahua will increase from 25 ha (current production) to at least 140 ha in pilot communities

in the first year.

• Through the Project work, producer families of three municipalities, planted a total of 193 ha (53 ha more

than expected).

Cañahua yields will increase from 300 to 600 kg/ha.

• Thanks to the use of quality seed, the practices of crop and soil management, the use of bio-inputs and

the efficiency of sowing, harvest and post-harvest equipment. An increase from 300 to 648 kg/ha, that is

48 kg/ha more than expected, was achieved.

Market price of cañahua will increase from 630 to 2000 US $/t.

• During the Project development, producer families received a price of 2498 USD/t cañahua in September 2014. In July 2015 they received 2030 USD/t, both above the indicated. According to data from APPOA, they have an income of 112 464 USD along two years of the Project, apart from that they have keept seed

and cañahua for their own consumption. The falling price in 2015 was due to the quinua falling price, as

cañahua price is linked to quinua.

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Gender issues, indigenous and environmental sustainability

• Cañahua is grown mainly by women. We were able to improve the efficiency of women work, because

their effort has resulted in increased yield and greater income for the family. The use of equipment for

planting is saving time.

• The decision-making activities were made together with local authorities and traditional communities

(jilir mallcu, mama t'alla, wawaqallu).

• The best technologies in crop management were based on the use of bio-products, certified by Biolatina,

a company that has granted a certificate of organic production cañahua. In the processing stage,

especially for the pearl cañahua, the project has prioritized the use of technology without water.

6. ASSESSMENT OF THE RESULTS AND IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

6.1. Relevance

The project has mainly worked on food security. Due to climate change such as drought, short rainy season and increasing frost,the production of cañahua becomes more complex . The development of early varieties responded to that need. Additionally, improvements available to families as the use of local bio-inputs improving productivity, and improved capacities in production and organization,s make them more resilient.

6.2. Effectiveness

The objectives planned were achieved, with improved management, harvest and post-harvest improvement, better grain quality and knowledge about market opportunities and access.

The expansion of sowing areas, required quality seed that the project also attended by strengthening farmers to produce together with the Regional Seed office of INIAF who certified them.

Commercial innovations established under the project framework allow producers to access traditional and foreign markets with pito (cañahua grain, washed, roasted and ground) which constitutes a traditional processed product, and pearl cañahua (no shell) for enrichment of wheat flour.

In general, the objectives and Project indicators were achieved more than expected:

• Yield: from 300 to 648 kg/ha

• Additional income of 326 USD/ton of additional cañahua. A total of 112 464 USD along two years of the Project.

• Production from 84 to 122 tons

• Price from 630 to 2030 USD / ton

• Cañahua area from 25 to 193 ha

In the last campaign, the sale price of a ton of cañahua declined in relation to 2014 (2030 USD/ton). This is an indicator that the price of cañahua is linked to the price of quinoa. The global fall in the price of quinoa affect cañahua. It is therefore necessary to take action to decouple cañahua from quinoa; this would be achieved through extensive local and international promotional work on the benefits of cañahua.

6.3. Efficiency

The investment made allowed to improve the yield approximately 50% (from 348 to 648 kg/ha). Also the cañahua´s area increased. The increased production was equivalent to 134.285 euros, 50% of the project budget. In terms of income, a profit of 7.44% was achieved; this means that for every euro invested in the

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project, 0.07 euros was generated. In addition, families gain quality seed, bio-inputs and a secure access to quality food

6.4. Impact

• The producer families now have a strategy for the production of organic cañahua adapted to their

conditions of climate change and variability and with high productivity

• Women have technology for growing cañahua which makes more efficient use of their time, to be more

efficient in terms of cañahua productivity and ensure a higher quality diet for their family.

• The producer families have achieved an organic certification of their production, which may lead to

national and international markets demanding quality and traceability.

• Families are related to companies that buy organic cañahua. There is market access motivating a major

production.

• The producers have technology (seed varieties of short and long cycle, equipment for sowing, local bio-

processing, harvesting and post-harvest technology) which allows them to adapt and improve their

strategy of resilience to climate change and variability.

• Family diet has improved because they consume organic cañahua, and because of the increasing

marketthey can afford to buy food, diversifying and qualifying their diet.

• Two cultivars have been developed to systems where cañahua is grown. These cultivars are public goods

that can benefit more farmers, when a seed production system is in place.

• Cañahua is demanded for school breakfasts and other similar initiatives of the Bolivian state. This implies

a recognition of the nutritional qualities but also an institutional support from public entities (INIAF,

Ministry of Rural Development and Lands, etc.)

• Other entities of cañahua chain are favored with cañahua quality, for instance the company GRANDIS

that has been able to be a business partner of the project producer beneficiaries. A commercial network

has been set up.

• It has been developed a post-harvest process that does not require water for cañahua pearling. This

technology is an example for entrepreneurs who need to adjust their water use in these processes. It is a

technology compatible with the environment.

To PROINPA, working with the project has allowed the fulfillment with its organizational mission, in terms of strengthening the use of Bolivian genetic resources, in this case cañahua. It has also led to generate technology for organic cañahua production (cultivars, drilling, bio-products for plant nutrition, crop practices of post-harvest equipment) and for its processing. Additionally, producers have reached the market through an institutional network of institutions willing to buy quality cañahua.

The cañahua Project complemented the efforts that PROINPA is carrying out in the targeted municipalities. The effort to generate technology had not been achieved without the effective contribution from NCF.

6.5. Innovativeness and learning

The project has been innovative from the following perspectives: a) cañahua is a crop that has been neglected by agricultural research and extension, but the project has faced the challenge holistically. That is, the project has worked in production of high quality seed, handling with organic inputs, development and validation of equipment for planting and post-harvest, selection of early cañahua varieties and promoting their use (food and local marketing and export). b) to promote the use in order to foster the conservation of the diversity of cañahua, it has been one of the principles of project work. When a crop (food or marketing) is not used, will be lost in the system, with the project, it has been shown that cañahua is a crop that in a context of climate variability and change, can give resilience to the families of farmers. In addition, it has been shown the nutritional benefits of the grain, which allowed re-evaluate their importance as food and finally generated technology to show that it is a crop that responds (increased performance and productivity) to a management with bioinputs. c) cañahua generally was a little growing household consumption as it had no marketing options; the project has demonstrated the nutritional value of the grain, and has been linked to farmers with companies that are willing to buy and export the grain, with better prices for farm families. d) One of the grounds for cañahua grown little,

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is that it requires much labor in handling; the project has innovated to reduce the labor of the family, especially women. Thus, it has developed and validated seeders, promoted the use of threshers, both equipments now allow families to use their time more efficiently, especially women who were responsible for planting and post harvest. e) finally, the main feature of innovation of the project is that it has a culture for the Bolivian altiplano that was previously neglected, but which has the characteristics to give resilience to the families of farmers in a context of climate variability and change; Now families have risen to this crop, not only as food but as a choice of food production and fresh income in a system hitted hard by climate change (temperature rise, drought, poorly distributed rains, frost and hailstorms)

PROINPA has learned that it is possible to articulate small producers to the international market. Despite the short time it has progressed well, but it is essential to continue the process. PROINPA has disseminated the results of the project at Bolivian state institutions. However it is necessary to strengthening producer organizations, so in the future, it is expected to have more interaction with the municipal authorities and other actors of the chain.

7. SUSTAINABILITY AND POTENTIAL FOR SCALING UP AND FOLLOW-UP INVESTMENTS

PROINPA does not have additional resources to continue the project, but will continue facilitating the commercial relationship between producers and companies that buy cañahua, to fulfill the premise that the market will promote production. Therefore, more work will be done in terms of strengthening trade relationships, trust and joint ventures between producers and buyers. This work to link companies with the

families of producers, require families, continue to produce cañahua, as there is a continuous demand from

businesses, which makes a sustainable process.

The project results may be extended when PROINPA generate new projects with other agencies that have

expressed interest in validating the results of the project in other regions. Also, the mayors of the

municipalities where the project is developed, have shown interest in providing resources to continue actions

in 2016.

The results of the project can be upscaled if:

•Production of high quality seed is constant

• The pilot processing plant capacity is increased, to meet market demand.

• Continue with the strengthening of commercial relationships between producer organizations,

processors and exporters.

• Arrangements are made with public entities to promote the use of cañahua as a food security strategy

and school breakfast.

• Investments are made to give continuity of research and innovation, especially in the area of plant

health, in a context of climate change and variability, where pests and crop diseases develop fast.

Cañahua price is a factor that affects the continuity of cañahua production. The price of quinoa is directly

related to the cañahua, therefore the global reduction of quinoa price has affected the cañahua price. Efforts

to decouple this relationship should be made to keep prices to a high level for producers. Cañahua differs from

quinoa as their range of adaptation to climate variability and change in areas where it is grown, it is greater

than the quinoa. This feature will distinguish cañahua over crops that do not adapt to such conditions.

Therefore, the role of new initiatives is to disseminate these qualities of adaptation, emphasize the nutritional

content and mainly to encourage local consumption of this grain. The above mentioned will succeed through

the establishment of actions to strengthen the production cañahua chain by generating alliances and

sustainable business among the different actors.

8. FINANCIAL REPORTING

Grantee University of Copenhagen

Name of the proyect

Promoting canahua in the extreme climatic conditions of the Bolivian altiplano: A highly nutritive crop with tolerance to the effects of climate change

Eligible Country Bolivia Costs, in EUR

Total Cost Financing

1. Personnel NCF 269 952,00

Salaries/time, International Staff 73 541,21 Grantee 29 036,14

Travel Expenses 22 411,43 Local Partner 109 828,78

Salaries/time at Eligible Country 178 291,69

Travel Expenses 8 213,70 Total Contributions 408 816,92

2. Equipment, supplies 84 800,98

3. Office Costs 3 420,75 Direct revenues 26 758,00

4. Other Costs 18 669,68

5. Contingencies 19 467,48 TOTALS 408 816,92 435 575,92

13 NCF Final Report - Public

9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Cañahua has a great potential for improving income in rural areas of the Bolivian highlands. The cultivated area and yield have increased, a pilot plant with ecological technology for processing has been developed, producers have been trained for export, and families have been able to certify their cañahua seed.

However, the speed at which the variability and climate change are accentuated in the highlands, and pest adaptability to that environment, suggests the need to emphasize investment in research and innovation.

Recommendations are to strengthen trade relations between producers and processors, so that business relationships matures towards a future continued sustainable initiatives that do not depend on investment.

The varieties generated in the project will serve as a key material to families in a changing climate. Production of quality seed should be guaranteed in the future. In addition should be generated organic technology for the management of pests and diseases, organic crop nutrition. New, early and high yielding varieties should be developed.

The pilot plant established in the project will require upscaling for larger volumes. It is also important that the technology to be used in the expansion of the processing plant, can be with renewable energy sources, environmentally friendly.

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Annex 1 Updated Logical Framework Matrix

To be attached (if applicable)

Annex 2 Pictures

Establishment of plots with the seeder Tipi-Top, performed by men and women.

Delivery of the seed in the municipality of Caquiaviri 2014-2015

Farmer harvesting with a sickle.

First tests of mechanized grain threshing model T-1, prior to validation with farmers

Validation of the cañahua mechanized thresher, with farmers in the community of Corpa

Farmers demonstrating the handling of the

winnower for cañahua.

1 NCF Final Report - Public

Workshop on crop management Demonstration on pest management

Application of biol Participatory evaluation of canahua lines in Kasillunca

Visit of the responsible of seed certification from INIAF to the seed plots

Label of audit of cañahua seed, assigned by INIAF (2014-2015)

2 NCF Final Report - Public

Grain without périgone

Grain with périgone

Prototype ripper for cañahua

Prototype winnower for cañahua

Densimetric table

Development and adaptation of equipment for milling

3 NCF Final Report - Public

Storage in silos Quality assurance

Cañahua in 25 kg sacks (craft paper) in the container

Certification of Organic Production APPOA

4 NCF Final Report - Public

5 Supplement to NCF Final Report - Confidential