Projects, teamwork and ethics

Projects: Work breakdown structure Scope of work Budget Schedule

Teamwork Elements of a team Stages of development Teamwork Team rules

Ethics Professional responsibility State laws ASME Code of Ethics

How do we solve a design problem?

Design problem –FUNCTION(customer & company requirements)

Solution - FORM(manufacturing specifications)

Activities

(decision making processes)

Make a project plan

then execute the plan

Why should we plan a project?

WHAT ? ……...scope of work tasksWHEN ? ……...scheduleHOW MUCH?..budgetWHO?………...organization chart,

responsibilities table

Without a roadmap…..

how will you know where you are headed?

To plan a project we make decisions which answer the following questions

To plan a project we make decisions which answer the following questions

What is a project

Project – Unique sequence of activities (work tasks) undertaken ONCE to achieve a specific set of objectives.

costcostworkscope

workscope

performanceperformance

timetime

Changing the length of any leg of the project triangle affects the other legs!

Changing the length of any leg of the project triangle affects the other legs!

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P ro b le m F o rm ula tio n

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Quick, 1 page graphic

Work breakdown structure

1.0 Design Problem Formulation1.1 Visit Site,

Meet with customers, determine desired attributes and parameters1.2 Complete QFD/HOQ

Determine requirements, engineering characteristics1.3 Satisfaction Curves,

Determine the satisfaction curves for each engineering characteristic.1.4 Create EDS

List in-use purposes for the productList product performance requirements

1.5 Conduct BenchmarkingResearch existing products that are currently availableContact manufacturers and request brochuresAnalyze the competition for functionality and performance

Scope of work (partial) Narrative

description

Project Name Date

Task Smith Johnson Tully Hughs Person n Hours1.1 6 R 1 1 2 2 121.2 3 3 R 2 3 3 141.3 1 2 3 6 6 R 181.4 2 1 2 R 2 4 111.5 4 1 1 3 R 5 141.6 3 2 2 R 2 2 111.7 2 1 2 5 R 3 13

m-th task

Total hours 21 11 13 23 25 93

R - Resposible engineer, in-charge

Responsibilities table

Who does whatassist

responsible

Project schedule

Project Budget

Identification SheetProject name, Team member name, Telephone/email addresses

Design problem formulationEngineering Design Specifications, customer notes, QFD, HoQ, Prior art (library research, web) /benchmarks

Alternative generation, analyses & evaluationAnalysis Plan, computations, experimentsCitations for equations, data, spreadsheets, sketches, figures, Schematics, drawings, Evaluations References / Bibliography

Project EngineeringScope of work, Project schedule & updatesBudget, Earned Value Analyses, Risk AssessmentsTime sheet - Log of work/team mtg hoursPunch lists of things to be done

Vendor InformationTelephone numbers, addressesPhone conversations notesWeb site printoutsProduct/vendor literature

Project notebook

Mechanical Engineering

Sara Hughs

CivilEngineering

Dave Hart

Mfg. & IndustrialEngineering

Sue Grant

SalesMarketing

Bob Johnson

Project Manager

John Smith

Industrial Design

Stan Tully

ElectricalEngineering

Jim Parsons

Purchasing

Jack Driggs

Organization chart for a design project

Key players

Project Teams

Definition of a “team” Elements that describe a “team” How teams change during the project How to have effective team meetings Setting “Team Rules”

What defines a “team”

A team - is a group of people that:• have complementary skills and

knowledge• work together toward common goals• hold each other mutually

accountable.

Elements of a “team”

Communication – Listening, speaking, writing, drawing, etc

Seek first to understand before being understood Group Decision making

Handoff to management Voting majority versus minority, unanimous Consensus thorough discussion, some minor

compromises, command decision Collaboration – committed, cooperate, participate,

assistTeam is more important than individual desires

 Self-management – (starts with a project plan, however)

Stages of Team Development

project initiationwild enthusiasmdisillusionment

chaossearch for the guilty

punishment of the innocentpromotion of the non-participants, and

definition of the project requirements (Lewis, 2002).Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing (Tuckman)

Team interaction is dynamic not static!

Effective team meetings

Agenda Effective execution

Start on time Practice effective listening skills

Facilitate the facilitator Come preparedDiscuss fact not fiction Take action Take minutesDraft next agenda

Turn-off cell phones

Team Rules

Commit to the goals of team Perform assigned tasks completely, accurately, on time. Respect the contributions of others Assist other team members when needed Ask for help before we get into trouble Follow guidelines for effective meetings Actively participate in team deliberations Focus on problems not people or personalities Constructively resolve conflicts or differences of opinion Comment clearly and constructively

Teamwork

Completes Individual tasks on timeCompletes Individual tasks thoroughly Assists other teammates Listens wellParticipates in team deliberations Keeps deliberations on track Respects individual differences (ethnicity,

gender etc.) Solves problems openly, authentically

What does it mean to be a good team player?

What is Professional Responsibility?

definition of responsibility1. The social force that binds you to

your obligations and the courses of action demanded by that force.

definition of profession1. The body of people in a learned occupation.2. An occupation requiring special education (especially in the liberal arts or sciences)

“obligated” …. to follow “courses of action.”

When should we be professionally responsible?

• Conflicts between individual worker and the company regarding the “public.” Whistle blowing!

1. manufacturing unsafe products2. illegal hazard waste dumping3. operating equipment dangerous to public

• Profits versus public safety

• Making decisions requiring evaluating ..... Whose values do we use? Company manager’s? Our own? Our profession’s? 

Rules of Professional Responsibility

Four major sections in most state laws:

1. Responsibility to the Public

2. Competency for Assignments

3. Conflict of Interest

4. Improper Conduct

(State board of registration for PE’s and P. Land Surveyors)

What obligations do we (engineers) have?

State law!

ASME Code of Ethics – Fundamental Fundamental PrinciplesPrinciples

Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the Engineering profession by:

I. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;

II. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and clients; and

III. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession.

ASME Code of EthicsFundamental Cannons 1-4

1.  Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties.

2.  Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.

3.  Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision.

4.  Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.

ASME Code of EthicsFundamental CannonsFundamental Cannons 5-8

5.  Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others.

6.  Engineers shall associate only with reputable persons or organizations.

7.  Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

8.  Engineers shall consider environmental impact in the performance of their professional duties.

Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems

Step 1: Determine the facts in the situation - obtain all of the unbiased facts possible

Step 2: Define the Stakeholders - those with a vested interest in the outcome

Step 3: Assess the motivations of the Stakeholders - using effective communication techniques and personality assessment

Step 4: Formulate alternative solutions - based on most complete information available, using basic ethical core values as guide

Step 5: Evaluate proposed alternatives - short-list ethical solutions only; may be a potential choice between/among two or more totally ethical solutions

http://www.engr.washington.edu/~uw‑epp/Pepl/Ethics/ethics3.html

Guidelines for facilitating ethical problems

Step 6: Seek additional assistance, as appropriate - engineering codes of ethics, previous cases, peers, reliance on personal experience, prayer

Step 7: Select the best course of action - that which satisfies the highest core ethical values

Step 8: Implement the selected solution - take action as warranted

Step 9: Monitor and assess the outcome - note how to improve the next time

Summary

Design Project – decisions, teamwork, coordination

Project plan – scope of work, schedule, budget “Teamwork” requires: communication, group decision

making, collaboration, self–management Teams are dynamic… expect changes Hold “effective meetings” Set team rules… early in project Ethics

We are professionally responsibileObserve state lawsMemorize the ASME Code of Ethics