projected capacitive touch ito layout evolution · 2012-06-21 · © 2012 pixcir 31 umbrella effect...
TRANSCRIPT
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Projected Capacitive Touch ITO Layout evolution
May 2012
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© 2012 PIXCIR 2
Self and Mutual capacitance concepts
Requirements for proper multi-touch functionality
Introduction
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© 2012 PIXCIR 3
Self capacitance
Self capacitance is
modified by the
direct coupling
between a finger
and one electrode
Finger
air
glass
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© 2012 PIXCIR 4
Mutual capacitance
Mutual
capacitance is the
coupling between
two electrodes. Finger
Note the presence of
the finger reduces the
mutual coupling
air
glass
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© 2012 PIXCIR 5
The return path
The return path is the capacitance closing the circuit between the device and the user.
The return path depends on: the casing of the device
the size of the device
the connection to AC supply or battery
Position and holding of the user
Return path
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© 2012 PIXCIR 6
6
Ghost stories
A good “return path” and low “self capacitance” are needed to avoid crosstalk between fingers
self
capacitance
self
capacitance
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© 2012 PIXCIR 7
The importance of selecting an appropriate layout
PIXCIR recommendations based on
3D simulations
Measurements
Case studies
How to improve the multi-touch performance
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© 2012 PIXCIR 8
How to read charts
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M1 Signal, er = 2.3
10pF return (floating)
200pF return (grounded)
Signal variation range with return path
Mutual capacitance signal,
in Farads, versus cover
lens thickness.
This signal car vary
strongly with the handling
and AC connection of the
portable device, ranging
between grounded and
floating cases.
Return
path
Signal (pF)
Cover thickness (mm)
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© 2012 PIXCIR 9
How to read charts: M1 inversion
Recognize operation
where mutual
capacitance signal is
near inversion or
already inverted.
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
M1 Signal, er = 2.3
Multitouch is
impossible
Cover thickness (mm)
Signal (pF)
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© 2012 PIXCIR 10
How to read charts: comparing multiple layouts
Comparing different
layout styles at once
with transparent
overlap
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M1 Signal, er = 2.3
Cover thickness (mm)
Signal (pF)
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© 2012 PIXCIR 11
The SITO case
Layout candidates and comparison
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© 2012 PIXCIR 12
Some of the tested layouts
Electrode pitch: 6mm; finger : 8mm
Diamonds (D) Hollow (H) Empty (E)
Radiator (R) Islands (I) Matrix (M)
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© 2012 PIXCIR 13
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Tan
go M
eth
od
1 s
ign
al (
pF)
Cover thickness (mm)
Signal M1, glass cover
Mutual capacitance signal strength
Multitouch is
impossible
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© 2012 PIXCIR 14
Merit comparison
Layout Name Linearity
( : stylus)
Floating (Portable device)
SNR Thin
cover < 0.5mm
Thick cover
> 1.1 mm
Large screen > 12"
Radiator
Hollow
Matrix
Diamond
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© 2012 PIXCIR 15
Radiator type
Layout Name Linearity
( : stylus)
Floating (Portable device)
SNR Thin
cover < 0.5mm
Thick cover
> 1.1 mm
Large screen > 12"
Radiator
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© 2012 PIXCIR 16
Radiator layout
Radiator fins
The actual number of fins must
be adjusted according to the
rules of next page. This drawing
is only an example.
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© 2012 PIXCIR 17
Pitch < Cover Pitch = Cover Pitch > Cover
Mutual signal
Good Good Weak
ITO loading High Good Good
Radiator layout: optimize the fin pitch
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© 2012 PIXCIR 18
Matrix type
Layout Name Linearity
( : stylus)
Floating (Portable device)
SNR Thin
cover < 0.5mm
Thick cover
> 1.1 mm
Large screen > 12"
Matrix
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© 2012 PIXCIR 19
Matrix layout
Item Value Min / Max
Extension 1.5 mm Min
Pitch1) 8.0 mm Max
5.0 mm Typical
Gap2) Cover Max
Width3) 3 mm Max
1.5 mm Typical
Square4) 2 mm Max
Cbridge5) 0.5 pF Max
1) Caution: finger separation > 2.5 x pitch 2) Gap should consider optical result 3) Width should consider ohmic resistance 4) Please adapt number of squares to pitch 5) Cbridge accounts exclusively for the crossing
node plate to plate capacitance, and does not
apply for the fringing.
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© 2012 PIXCIR 20
Matrix: other layout examples
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© 2012 PIXCIR 21
Matrix type: linearity and border accuracy
x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4
y1
y2
y3
y1
y2
y3
Region with
reduced linearity
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© 2012 PIXCIR 22
Linearity and border accuracy (2)
x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2 x3 x4
y1
y2
y3
y1
y2
y3
Keep 1.5 mm minimum
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© 2012 PIXCIR 23
Pixcir Pen -- linearity test using Matrix layout
mm
mm
Wireless and Tethered versions
Palm rejection Yes
Pen tip size 1 mm
Pen hover height (Z) 10 mm
Resolution 400 dpi
Report rate 200 Hz
Linearity +/- 0.4 mm
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© 2012 PIXCIR 24
Hollow type
Layout Name Linearity
( : stylus)
Floating (Portable device)
SNR Thin
cover < 0.5mm
Thick cover
> 1.1 mm
Large screen > 12"
Hollow
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© 2012 PIXCIR 25
Hollow optimum ring width
Hollow layout offers, for a small mask modification, a valuable improvement over diamond style.
Ring width must match the cover lens thickness.
The ITO to ITO gap should match the process rule, and should follow the optical requirement (typically 40 to 100um)
width
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© 2012 PIXCIR 26
Hollow: effect of the ring width
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0
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Ta
ngo
Me
tho
d 1
sig
na
l (p
F)
Cover thickness (mm)
Signal M1, glass cover
Ring: 0.4 mm
Ring: 0.7 mm
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© 2012 PIXCIR 27
The DITO case
Layout candidates and comparison
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© 2012 PIXCIR 28
DITO case study (low cost version / large pitch)
Simulated DITO
Finger size: 8 mm diameter
DITO glass thickness: 0.5 mm
X pitch 7.8 mm
Y pitch 8.0 mm
Cover lens: glass
7” – 28 electrodes
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© 2012 PIXCIR 29
DITO simulation result : Mutual capacitance
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0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
pF
Cover thickness (mm)
Method 1 signal, glass cover
Diamonds 6mm
DITO top
DITO bottom
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© 2012 PIXCIR 30
Further optimization with floating elements
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© 2012 PIXCIR 31
Umbrella effect of DITO with floating elements
Top layer with empty spaces Top layer filled with dummy elements
A water drop modifies the fringing fields
between Lift and Sense, causing offsets
A water drop cannot directly modify
the fringing fields, causing less offsets
(simplified explanation)
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© 2012 PIXCIR 32
DITO, effect of floating elements
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
pF
Cover thickness (mm)
Method 1 signal, glass cover, misc. return path
None
Top
Floating element:
200pF
7pF
3pF
1pF
Top layer must have floating elements
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© 2012 PIXCIR 33
Electrodes pitch
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© 2012 PIXCIR 34
All layouts : electrode pitch
For all layouts
Electrode pitch influence FINGER SEPARATION
RULE:
separation > 2.5 electrode pitch
Electrodes pitch
(total electrodes count)
RECOMMENDATION: 4mm < electrode pitch < 6mm
Pitch
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© 2012 PIXCIR 35
Summary
The floating issues are related to a ratio of capacitances The Mutual capacitance
The Self capacitance
The Return path capacitance depending on
conductive area of device
the “connection” to the body
The floating does not depend on Driving voltage
Sensing technology
Optimization of multi-touch performance can be achieved through Electrodes layout selection
Cover lens thickness
Casing design
qdc
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www.pixcir.com [email protected]
Thank You for your attention
PIXCIR Microelectronics Co., Ltd.
3F, Building M1, No.2 Peiyuan Road,
Microsystem Park
Suzhou Science & Technology Town PIXCIR AG - Switzerland
Siewerdtstrasse 105 CH-8050 Zurich
Rue Galilée 15 CH-1400 Yverdon
PIXCIR - Taiwan
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New Taipei City