SIX WEEKS PRACTICAL TRAINING-I

REPORT

B.Tech. (CSE) 3rd Semester

SUBMITTED TO ---------------------------------------------------------

DEPT. OF CSE --------------------------------------------------------------

SUPERVISED BY: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms.Prabhjit Kaur Khushi (1208052) Ms.Navneet Bawa

It would be inappropriate to call this report complete and successful, if we don’t thank the people who guided as in the preparation of this project.

The submission of this project report gives us an opportunity to convey our gratitude to all those who have helped us to reach stage from where we have immense confidence to launch our carrier in the competitive world of Information Technology.

First and foremost, we want to offer our thanks to our HOD Col(retd). Gurmukh Singh for providing us such a nice environment for workshop training and we would like to express our most sincere gratitude and indebtedness to our guide Ms. Prabhjit Kaur & Ms.Navneet Bawa for her valuable help during the development of this project. Without her suggestions and timely help we would not have been able to complete this project. She has been a source of perpetual inspiration to us, gently guided and inspired us towards a bright career.

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1. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN DEPT.OF CSE.

2. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN DEPT. OF ECE/EEE.

3. TRAINING / PROJECT DETAILS AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN DEPT.OF M.E.

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AMRITSAR COLLEGE OF ENGG. &

TECH.

(AMRITSAR)

CERTIFICATE

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Khushi (1208052) student of C.S.E. 3RD

sem., has successfully completed this project on “HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” under my guidance and also prepared a report on same.

I have observed that they took keen interest in this project. They are sincere, hardworking and punctual.

I wish them all the best in future.

Ms. Prabhjit Kaur Ms. Navneet Bawa

C.S.E deptt. (Faculty) A.C.E.T. Amritsar .

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DECLARATION

We hereby state that the dissertation “ HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ” is an authentic work carried out by us at A.C.E.T., Amritsar under the guidance of Ms. Prabhjit Kaur & Ms. Navneet Bawa for the partial fulfillment of the project.

Khushi (1208052)

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INDEX

Language Used for Project ..........................................................................

Requirement Specification ..........................................................................

CODING ......................................................................................................

OUTPUT .......................................................................................................................

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LANGUAGE USED FOR PROJECT…

Introduction to C++

C++ has been used successfully for every type of programming problem imaginable from operating system to spreadsheet to expert system-and efficient compilers are available for machine ranging in power from the Apple Macintosh to the Cray Super Computer.

The largest measure of C++ success seems to be based on purely practical considerations:

- The portability of the compiler.- The standard library concept.- Powerful and varied repertoire of operators.- An elegant syntax.- Ready access to the hardware when needed.- And the ease with which applications can be

optimized by hand coding isolated procedures.

C++ is often called a middle level programming language. This is not a reflection on its lack of programming power but more a reflection on its capability to access the system low level function. Mot high level languages provide everything the programmer might want to do already build

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into the language. A low level language provides nothing other than access to the machine basic instruction set.

Programming language Tools: C\C++

C language is used to create the user interface ,C++ is object oriented Programming language which give rise to the fastest and easiest way to create applications for Sending the data. C++ is provided with the complete set of Header files to simplify rapid application development.

So what is C++? The visual part refers to the method used to create the user interface (UI). Rather than using the graphic function totally the user interface is created in the text mode which uses less resources as compared to the graphic functions, simply write text characters to create the graphical user interface on the screen.

Object oriented language: The advantage of the OOP (Object oriented Programming) When you approach a programming problem in an abject-oriented language, you no longer ask how the problem will divided into objects. Thinking in terms of objects, rather than functions ,has a surprisingly helpful effect on how easily programs can be designed .this results from the closer match between objects in the programming sense and objects in the real world.

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The match between programming objects and real world objects is the happy result of combining data and functions .the resulting objects offer a revolution in program design .No such close match between programming constructs and the items being modeled exits in a procedural language.

Object

Object Object

Object Oriented Concept There is more to OOPS(Object oriented Programming) then just binding the data and functions together .OOP, for example , facilitates creating reusable code that can eventually save a lot of work .A feature called polymorphism permits you to create multiple definitions

Data

Member function

Data

Member function

Member function

Data

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for operators and functions. Another feature called inheritance permits you to derive new class from old ones. In short , instead of concentrating on tasks ,you concentrate on representing concepts .

Object-oriented programming uses a technique that is unfamiliar to the procedural programmer. Let us now briefly examine this technique with regards to the major elements of object-oriented language.

Objects In structured programming a problem is approached by dividing it into functions. Unlike this, in Object-oriented programming the problem is dividing into objects. Thinking in terms of objects rather than functions makes the designing of program easier. Object-oriented programming is helpful in the following:

- Data structures like linked lists, stacks, queues etc.

- GUI elements like windows, buttons, text boxes etc.- Hardware devices like disk drive, keyboard,

printer etc.- Calling interrupts of the system.- Etc.

Classes

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Most languages offer primitive data types like int, long and float. Their data representation and response to arithmetic, assignment and relational operators are defined as part of the language. However, the language does not know user-defined data types .The programmer, defines its format and behavior by defining a class. For example, there can be a user-defined data type to represent dates. The compiler and the computer do not know aboutdates. Programmers have to define the behavior of dates by designing a date class. Defining the class does not create any objects, just as the mere existence of a type int doesn’t create any variable.

Inheritance

Object-oriented programming permits you to create your own data types (classes) just like the types built into the language. However, unlike the built-in data types ,the user-defined classes can use other classes as building blocks. Using a concept called inheritance new classes can be built from the old ones. The new classes referred to as a drived class, can inherit the data structures and functions of the original, or the base class. The new class can add data elements and functions to those it inherit from the base class.

For example, we can define two derived classes From the main class. The main class has the features named as feature A, feature B .We derive two classes from the base class which inherit all the functions or features of the

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base class and add extra features to the derive class like on the left derived class it inherit the feature A, feature B of the base class and add the extra feature C, while on the right derived class it inherit the same feature A, feature B of the base class and add the extra feature E .This example is shown Below

Main class

Derived cla De

Derived Class Derived Class

Inheritance Process

Polymorphism

The word ‘poly’ originated from the Greek word meaning many and ‘morphism’ from a

Feature AFeature B

Feature AFeature BFeature E

Feature AFeature BFeature C

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Greek word meaning from, and thus polymorphism means many forms. In object oriented programming ,polymorphism refers to identically named methods (member functions) that have different behavior depending on the type of object they refer. Polymorphism is the process of defining a number of objects of different classes into a group and call the methods to carry out the operation of the objects using different function calls .In other words, polymorphism means ‘to carry out different processing steps by functions having same messages’. It treats objects of related classes in a generic manner. The keyword virtual is used to perform the polymorphism concept in C++. Polymorphism refers to the run time binding to a pointer to a me Overview to language.

Identifiers and keywords

Identifiers can be as the name of the variable and some other program elements using the combination of the following characters.

Alphabets : a…….z, A……Z

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Numerals : 0……9 Underscore : _

Keywords are also identifiers but cannot be user

defined since they are reserved words. Following are the few keywords:

Auto continue new signed tryDefault for do operator ifCase class goto friend private This return public double charconst while enum inline

resisterswitch void sizeof typedef template

C++ Operators

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In C++ there are some unusual operators used to perform the task of logical decision making, unlike the other higher level language. C++ operators Arithmetic operators

Assignment operators

Comparison operatorsRelational

Equality

Logical

Bitwise logical operators

Special operators Uniary operator

Ternary operator

Comma operator

Scope operator

New and delete

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Other operators

Executing a C ++ program

Executing a program written in C involves a series of steps. These are:

1. Creating the program.2. Compiling the program.3. Linking the program with functions that are needed

from the C library. 4. Executing the program.

Although these remain the same irrespective of the operating system ,system commands for implementing the steps and conventions for naming files may differ on different systems. An operating system is a program that controls the entire operation of a computer system. All input/output operations are channeled through the operating system ,which is an interface between the hardware and the user, handles the execution of user programs.

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System Ready

Program Code

Source Program

Edit Source Program

Enter Program

Compile Source Program

Execute Object

System

Library

Logic and Data

Errors ??

Syntax Error ?

Input

Data

C Compiler

Yes

Logic error

Execute Source Program

Object CodeNo

Data Error

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APPLICATIONS OF C++

C++ is versatile language for handling very large program. It is suitable for any programming task including development of editors, compilers, data base, communication systems and any complex real life application systems.1. Since C++ allows us to create hierarchy-related objects,

we can build special object oriented libraries which can be used later by many programmers.

2. While C++ is able to map the real world problem properly, the C part of C++ gives the language the ability to get close to the machine level details.

3. C++ programs are easily maintainable and expandable. When a new feature needs to be implemented, it is very easy to add to the existing structure of an object.

4. It is expected that C++ will replace C as a general purpose language in the near future.

Stop

Correct Output

No Error

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SNAPSHOTS

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SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT

The system was implemented after a thorough

testing with different sets of test data . Although extreme care

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was taken while creating, testing and the implementation the

system yet certain error might have crept in due to some

human error involved.

There may be some other reasons why new system did not

meet user requirements:

1. User requirement were not clearly defined or understood.

2. Antivirus software was not installed in the systems which

caused many problems to user.

3. A.C. was not on even though it was so hot.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book name Author

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1. Thinking In C++ Sunil K. Pandey 2. Fundamentals Of Computer Programming Rachpal Singh And Information Technology &

Krishan Saluja

3. Introduction To C++ Bjarne Stroustrup

4. Graphic Programming In C++ P. B. Mahapatra

Electrical Lab Theory of AC and DC machines

1. AC machines- The machines which work on AC supply are AC machines. These machines convert

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electrical energy into mechanical energy. These are of 2 types-

1. Induction motor2. Synchronous motor

The main parts of motor are stator and rotor .

Principle-When the current carrying conductor lying in a magnetic field will experience a force then due to its torque motor starts and rotates.

Advantages of AC-1. AC is easily convertible in DC using rectifiers.2. AC machines are stronger and easy to use.3. AC can reach distant places without much loss of electric power using transformer.4. The alternating high voltage can be steeped up or steeped down easily using transformer.

Disadvantages -

1. AC cannot be used in electrolytic processes such as electroplating, electrotyping where DC is used.2. AC in a wire is not uniformly distributed.3. AC can be more dangerous than DC in terms of its attractive nature and also because it’s maximum value is 2½ times its effective value

Types of Induction Motor-1. Single phase induction motor

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2. Three phase induction motor

The three phase induction motor is of three types-

1. Split Phase motor-

There are two windings man and auxiliary but auxiliary is extra winding because these motors are not self starting so auxiliary winding is used to start motor then after opening the centrifugal switch the auxiliary winding will stop or out of the motor.

3.Capacitor start motor- These are of 3 types-

I. Capacitor start motor -

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II. Capacitor start capacitor -

Capacitor run motor:-

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3. Pole shaded motor -

Due to shading torque and flux is produced.

ROTOR-1.Squirrel cage IM1. Slip ring IM

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2. Wound rotor IM

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

The main application of this moor is that it has constant speed.Nś = 120F/PWhere Ns= Synchronous speed F= frequency P= Poles (fixed)

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APPLICATIONS-

1. Slip ring Induction motor- Used in printing machine, cement industries, grinders.

2. Synchronous Machine- Used in Paper mills, ship prepulsion, steel rolling industry.

3. Single phase motor- Used in fans, blowers, refrigerators, compressor, room coolers, electric clock.

DC MACHINESThe machines which work on DC supply are known as DC Machines. These machines convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. These are of 2 types-

1. DC Motor

2. DC Generator

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DC.MOTOR

Principle- When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a strong force by which it rotates and motor starts.Types of dc motors-1. DC series motor 2. DC shunt motor- N α 1/ load 3. Compound motor- Variable speed, high starting power. It can also run at 0 load.

BACK EMF- Eb=ΦzNP/60A volts Φ= flux, z= no of armature conductors N= Speed of armature, P=poles, A= No of parallel path

TRANSFORMER

The transformer is the static device which transfers ac electrical power from one circuit to another at the same frequency but the voltage level is changed.

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The All day efficiency of transformer is defined as the ratio of output in kWh (or Wh) to the input in kWh (or Wh) of a transformer over 24 hours.

η (all day) = Output in kWh/input in kWh( 24 hours)

OPEN- CIRCUIT TEST-This test is carried out to determine the no load loss or core loss or iron loss and no load current which is helpful in finding the no load parameters i.e., Equivalent exciting resistance, and Equivalent exciting reactance.

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST-This test is usually carried out to determine the copper losses at full load or desired load. Equivalent impedance, resistance, reactance of the transformer referred to the winding in which measuring instruments are connected. Knowing equivalent resistance and reactance, the voltage drop in the transformer can be calculated and hence the regulation of transformer is determined.

Theory of electrical and electronics components like ammeter, voltmeter, Resistance, Diodes, Transistor, LED, LCD, Inductor, capacitor

Ammeter- The instrument is used to measure electric current in a circuit is called ammeter.

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Voltmeter-The instrument which used to measure potential difference across the load or between two points in a circuit is called voltmeter.

Resistance- The opposition offered to the flow of electric current in the conductor. Te resistance can be measured with Black Brown Rods Of Your Gate Became Very Good When Given Silver color.Where the bold letters represents the color of the resistanceThe resistance can also be measured by the multimeter.

Multimeter-The multimeter is used to measure the ac and dc voltages, currents and resistances.

Transistor- A semi conductor device consisting two pn-junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor between a pair of two opposite types is known as Transistor. It is of two types-

1. npn transistor-2. pnp transistor-

DIODES-The boundary which divides the two halves of p and n type semiconductors is called junction and the arrangement is called DIODE.

Light Emitting Diode (LED) - When charge carriers are injected across the junction of a forward biased

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p-n junction diode, they combined and release energy in the form of visible light. Such p-n junction diodes are called LED.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)-The basic principle is that they are chemically produced organic compounds which have unique properties that make the crystals actually seen to behave like both ordinary liquids and crystal solids at same time.

CAPACITOR- A capacitor consists of two conducting bodies separated by non conducting medium such that it can store large amount of electric charge in the small space.

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INTRODUCTION:The shop where most of the work is performed on different machines is called machine shop. In machine shop the raw material is cut, machined, formed or shaped with the help of machines. Different machines used in machine shop are:

1. Lathe machine

2. Shaper

3. Milling machine

4. Planning machine

5. Drilling machine

6. Grinding machine

7. Threading machine

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APPRATUS: Lathe machine, iron clamp, steel rule, outward legs caliper, Surface gauge, tool key, cutting tool.Procedure:

1. Fix the job in the jaws of the lathe machine.

2. By using the surface gauge center the job.

3. Now by performing the turning operation on the job using cutting tool.

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4. Make the diameter 30mm using turning operation on the whole job.

5. Now make the diameter 35mm to length 12mm leaving the 15mm as unused using grooving tool.

6. Now make the diameter 23mm using grooving tool to the length 10mm.

7. Now finish the job by performing the operation on both ends of job.

8. Now the job has been completed.

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INTRODUCTION

Foundry: The place where jobs are prepared by melting and

pouring the molten metal into moulds is known as

foundry.

Mould: A mould is a cavity so prepared that can be used to make casting by molten metal into it.

Pattern: Pattern is a model of anything which is used to prepare moulds by placing it in sand.

Casting: The molten metal poured into mould on cooling is known as casting.

Forgability: The capacity of a metal to get force is called

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Forgability.

TOOLS1. Showel: It consist of iron pan with a wooden handle. It can be used for mixing and conditioning the sand and then transferring the mixture in some container.

2. Trowels: They are used for finishing flat surfaces and corners inside a mould. They are made of iron with a wooden handle.

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3. Lifter: It is used to repairing a mould and finishing the mould sand. Lifter is also use for removing loose sand from mould.

4. Hand Riddle: It is used for ridding of sand to removeforeign material from it. It consist of

woodenframe fitted with a screen of standard wiremesh at the bottom.

5. Draw Spike: It is tapered steel rod having a loop or ring at it

one end and a sharp point at the other. It is used to tap and draw patterns from the

mould.

6. Mallet: It is similar wooden mallet as that used in carpentry

work. In foundry work it is used for driving thedraw spikes into the pattern and then rapping it.

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7. Moulding Boxes: The moulding boxes are used in sand moulding. They are of two types:

a) Closed Moulding Boxesb) Open type of snap flasks

PatternPattern is an mirror image of the casting, when it is used with suitable moulding it forms a cavity called as mould. w\When this cavity is filled by molten metal an after solidification we get the desired casting.

Types of patterns:-

1. Solid or single piece pattern.

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2. Two piece or split pattern

3. Multipiece pattern.

4. Match plate pattern.

5. Gates pattern.

6. Skeleton pattern.

7. Sweep pattern.

8. Pattern with loose pieces.

9. Cope and drag pattern.

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10. Follow board pattern.

11. Segmental pattern.

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INTRODUCTION

Fitting shop include fitting works which is very important works in Engg. In fitting shop unwanted material is removed with the help of hand tools. It is done for mating repair and manufacturing purposes. The persons working in fitting shop is called fitters. A fitter should have a complete knowledge of tools used in the shop. Commonly used tools are files, chiesels, hacksaw etc.

TOOLS USED IN FITTING SHOP

1. Clamping tools: The clamping tools that are used in fitting shop is called vices and this is used for holding the jobs firmly during various fitting operations. Different types of vices are as follows:

Bench Vice

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Leg Vice

Hand vice

Pin Vice

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Pipe vice

2. MEASURING AND MARKING TOOLS

Try Square Bevel Protector Combination Set

Centre Square Scriber and Surface Gauge

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Dot Punch and Centre Punch

Steel Rules Vernier Calliper

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3. CUTTING TOOLS The tools which are used to remove the materials are known as cutting tools. They are as follows:-

Hacksaw

Files

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Chiesels

4. STRIKING TOOLSHammers are the tools generally used for striking in fitting shop. These are used for chipping, fitting, punching, etc. A hammer consists of a heavy iron body with a wooden handle.Types of hammers are:-

Ball Pean Hammer

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Straight Pean Hammer Cross Pean Hammer

5. MISCELLENEOUS TOOLS Drill

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Parts of Drilling Machine

Taps Die and Die Stock Counter Sink

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INTRODUCTIONThe major raw material used in carpentry shop is wood and other helping materials are nails, screw, paints and glues. The wood is available in the market in different shapes and size. The process done in wood work is sawing, marking, turning and chiseling, etc.

WOOD: wood is available in nature in the form of trees. Useful parts of the tree are cut and is used for carpentry work. Trunk is the most useful part of the tree.

TIMBER: The wood obtained from fully grown trees is cut and is prepared for engineering purposes. This wood is known as timber. Timber also have three forms: stationary, rough form, commercial timber.

SEASONING OF WOODThe process of removing moisture from freshly cut down trees is known as seasoning. The wood used for engineering purposes containing high percentage of

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moisture may cause many types of problems, such as shrinkage, warpage, distortion, etc.

ADVANTAGE OF SEASONING:-

1. Durability and strength is increased.

2. Workability is improved.

3. Fatigue of worker is reduced due to decrease in weight.

4. Distortion is minimized.

5. Surface finished is improvement.

6. Resistance to fire is improved.

7. Ability for polishing and painting is improved.

SEASONING METHODS:- Natural Seasoning Kiln Seasoning Water Seasoning Chemical Seasoning

DEFECTS IN WOODIt can be divide in following three categories:-

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Natural Defects are the defects which are caused in the tree due to abnormality in the growth.

1. Knots2. Shakes3. Twisted Grains4. Ring gall5. Distortion6. Surface hardening

Defects are also caused during seasoning operation1. Shakes2. Distortion3. Honey combing

Some defects are also there due to termites or insects.

1. Dry Rot2. Wet Rot3. Termites

TOOLS1. Measuring Tools

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Four fold box wood rule Steel rule Contraction Scale Inch tape

2. Marking Tools Pencil Scriber

Marking Gauge

Mortise gauge Bevel Compass or divider

3. Cutting Tools Rip saw

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Bow saw

Tenon Saw Coping saw Keyhole Saw Chiesels

4. Planing Tools Iron jack plane

Wooden Jack Plane Trying Plane

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