48 Worked example 4: battle tank

BUSINESS CASE FOR BATTLE TANK TOP SECRET

Memo: From: General JohnsonTo: The Department of Defence

1 September 2006

Subject: new battle tank

It is imperative that we urgently draw up plans to design, evaluate, test, build and commissiona new battle tank.

The ‘What’

A new battle tank which:

(a) Has a 90 mm cannon(b) Has a top speed of at least 70 mph(c) Weighs less than 60 tonnes fully loaded and fuelled(d) Has spaced and active armour(e) Has at least 2 machine gun positions including the external turret machine gun(f) Has a crew of not more than 4 men (or women)(g) Has a gas turbine engine and a fuel tank to give a range of 150 miles (240 km).(h) In addition: The cost must not exceed $5 500 000 each(j) 500 units must be ready for operations by February 2008.

The ‘Why’

(a) The existing battle tanks will be phased out (and worn out) in 2008(b) Ruritania is developing a tank which is superior to our existing tanks in every way(c) The existing tank at 80 tonnes is too heavy for 50% of our road bridges(d) The diesel engine is too heavy and unreliable in cold weather(e) The armour plate on our tanks can be penetrated by the latest anti-tank weapon(f) A new tank has great export potential and could become the standard tank for NATO.

Major risks

(a) The cost may escalate due to poor project management(b) The delivery period may be later than required due to incompetence of the contractors

Worked example 4: battle tank 373

(c) The fuel consumption of the gas turbine may not give the required range(d) Ruritania will have an even better tank by 2008(e) No matter how good our tank is, NATO will probably buy the new German Leopard Tank(f) Heavy tanks may eventually be replaced by lighter airborne armoured vehicles.

Figure 48.1 Battle tank

ConceptFeasibility

DefinitionDesign

Product’nIn-service

DisposalProject life cycle

Product life cycle

Extended life cycle

Life cycles

= Decision points

Figure 48.2 Life cycles & phases

374 Project Management, Planning and Control

Tank0.0

Frame1.1

Suspens.1.2

Armour2.1

Interior2.2

Engine4.1

Transm.4.2

Barrel3.2.1

Breach3.2.2

Sight3.2.3

Casting3.1

Cannon3.2

M/c.Gun3.3

Electro3.4

Turret3.0

Body2.0

Chassis1.0

Drive4.0

Figure 48.3 Product breakdown structure (PBS)

Tank0.0

Frame1.1

Suspens.1.2

Armour2.1

Interior2.2

Engine4.1

Transm.4.2

Barrel3.2.1

Breach3.2.2

Sight3.2.3

M/c.Gun3.3

Electro3.4

Turret3.0

Body2.0

Chassis1.0

Drive4.0

Casting3.1

Cannon3.2

Assemble

Assemble

Weld

Weld

Fit

Fit Furnish

Cast

Forge Machine Assemble

Fit Fit Install

Build Attach

Install

Figure 48.4 Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Worked example 4: battle tank 375

Tank0.0

Frame1.1

Suspens.1.2

Armour2.1

Interior2.2

Engine4.1

Transm.4.2

Barrel3.2.1

Breach3.2.2

Sight3.2.3

M/c.Gun3.3

Electro3.4

Turret3.0

Body2.0

Chassis1.0

Drive4.0

Casting3.1

Cannon3.2

$5500 K

1000 K

600 K 400 K 700 K

500 K

80 K 250 K 70 K

400 K 100 K 800 K

800 K 800 K 400 K

1500 K 1800 K 1200 K

Figure 48.5 Cost breakdown structure (CBS)

Tank0.0

Frame1.1

Suspens.1.2

Armour2.1

Interior2.2

Engine4.1

Transm.4.2

Barrel3.2.1

Breach3.2.2

Sight3.2.3

M/c.Gun3.3

Electro3.4

Turret3.0

Body2.0

Chassis1.0

Drive4.0

Casting3.1

Cannon3.2

P. Jones

L. Hobbs F. Green P. Holt

F. Mann

S. Lloyd M. Chaps F. Brough

L. Foley C. Parks A. Sony

J. Boyd A. Tons L. Palmer

F. Black C. Gray R. White

R. Smith

Figure 48.6 Organization breakdown structure (OBS)

376 Project Management, Planning and Control

R. S

mith

F. M

ann

L. F

oley

C. P

arks

A. S

ony

S. L

loyd

M. C

haps

F. B

roug

h

Turret

Casting

Cannon

M/c Gun

Electro.

Barrel

Breach

Sight

R A A A

A

A A A A

C R

C R

C C

C C

C C

R

–

– –

C C –

C C C A R––

–

–

–

––

C C C

C

C A

R

C R

C

R C

A –

C C C

A A C

C

A

R = ResponsibleC = Must be consultedA = Must be advised – = Not affected

C

A

A

A

Figure 48.7 Responsibility matrix

26

Electron

Cannon

Calibr

M/c Gun

Turretcast Machine Fit A Fit B

Finaltest

1615

161

15

C.P.

Duration weeks

422

2

8

88

6

6

116

5

0

0

0

0

0

275 9 11

8 11

8 8 11

8 11

3

Figure 48.8 Activity on arrow network (AOA)

Worked example 4: battle tank 377

0 2 2Cast

5 5 5

0 8 8Cannon

5 0 8

0 6 6M/c Gun

5 5

5

11

0 6 6Electron

2 2

2

8

8 3 11Calibr

8 0 11

2 2

4FF 1

4Machine

7 5 9

8 2 10Fit A

9 1 11

11 4 15Fit B

11 0

C.P.Duration weeksFF = Free Float

15

15 1 16Fin. test

15 0 16

FF

FF

FF

Figure 48.9 Activity on node network (AON)

Machine Fit A

2 5 2 1

Fit B

4 0

Turretcast

0

52 5

2

7

CannonC.P.

0

08 0

8

8

M/c Gun0 6

56 5

11

Electron0 6

26 2

8

2

7

4

9

10

11

11

11

Finaltest

Duration weeks

1 0

15

15

16

16

15

15

8

9

Calibr

Duration Totalfloat

3 0

11

11

8

8

Activ.

Duration Totalfloat

ES

LS

EF

LF

Figure 48.10 ‘Lester’ diagram

378 Project Management, Planning and Control

Cast

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

223 3 4 4 4 46 68 811

11

11 12

22 34 46 54 62 65 68 74 80 82 86 90 94 98 100

12

Machine

Fit A

Fit B

Cannon

M/c Gun

Electron

Calibr

Final test

Weeks

Total

Cumulativetotal

Weeks

2

2 2

2 2

2 2 2

2

2

2

3

3

3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3

3

4

4 4 4

4

4 4 4 4

Cast

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

223 3 4 4 4 46 68 811

11

11 12

22 34 46 54 62 65 68 74 80 82 86 90 94 98 100

12

Machine

Fit A

Fit B

Cannon

M/c Gun

Electron

Calibr

Final test

Weeks

Total

Cumulativetotal

Figure 48.11 Histogram and ‘S’ curve

Activity

M/H Week 4 Week 8 Week 12 Week 16

Budg Plan Plan Plan PlanAct Act Act Act% % % %EV EV EV EV

160 180 180

200

100 100

100

160 180 100 160160

240 200

300 340

600

850

820

700

250

110

850

820

320

320

840

840

640

100

100

10

100

100

240

256

840

840

640

144

64

200 100

100

50

20 32

100

100

100

100

240

240

180 100 160

192180

600

620

420 780 756

700

140

756

512

700

50 90

90

80

80

80

60

60

40

500 504

256300

80

Casting

Machine 240

320

640

840

840

640

240

80

4000 1840 1760

38.3%

.870 87%

.832

.80

4598

19.2

=

=

=

=

= = =

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

1532 2720 2480 2424 3440 3270 3184 4000 4050 3632

(Cost)

Fit A

Fit B

Cannon

M/C Gun

Electronic

Calibrate

Test

Total

% Complete

CPI (Efficiency)

SPI (Cost)

SPI (Time)

Final cost

Final time

Budget man hours = duration × no. of men × 40 hrs/week Duration in weeks

1532

4000

2424

4000

3184

3270

3184

3440

10.3

12

.973 .896

79.6% 90.8%

90%

.908

.856

4462

17.6

97%

.925%

.858%

4110

17.3

4000

.973

16

.925

3684

4000

3632

4000

3632

4050

3632

4000

13.7

16

4000

.896

16

.908

2424

2480

2424

2720

6.7

8

.977

.891

.837

4094

17.9

98%

60.6%

4000

.977

16

.891

1532

1760

1532

1840

4000

.870

16

.832

3.2

4

Figure 48.12 Earned value table

380 Project Management, Planning and Control

4600

4400

4200

4000

3800

3600

3400

3200

3000

2800

2600

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

100

0

1

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 170

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Week

Plan’s(BSWS)

Actual(ACWP)

E.V.(BOWP)

% Complete

CPI (Efficiency)

SPI

38%

.87 = 87% .977 = 98% .973 = 97% .896 = 90%

.908.925.891.832

61% 80% 91%

Budget

% Efficiency

Actual

Planned

E.V.

% Complete

%

1532

2424

3184

3632

4050

4000

3270

3440

2840

2720

1760

1840

Report dates

Figure 48.13 Control curves