A Project Report

On

“INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM”

Submitted for partial fulfillment

of

Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics & Communication Engineering

Submitted to: Submitted by: Arpit Sharma

Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre, Jaipur

Session: 2012 – 13

1

Preface

Engineering students gain theoretical knowledge only through books. Only theoretical knowledge is not sufficient for absolute mastery in any field. Theoretical knowledge in our books is not of much use without knowing its practical implementation. It has been experienced that theoretical knowledge is volatile in nature; however, practical knowledge imparts solid foundation in our mind.

This practical knowledge creates the difference between a student and a professional, hence it is very essential for every engineering student to take up an initiative to make project which can be helpful for gaining knowledge and improving society.

This report is in fact a summary of, what I have learnt and seen and done during my project titled “INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM” Succeeding chapters give details what I have learnt in Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre, Jaipur.

Arpit Sharma

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Acknowledgement

Working on the project is one of the important aspects for an engineering student’s career. It is to strengthen the practical concepts. During this project student is acquainted with the latest technology and recent development in their field. A student learns to use his practical knowledge in project and capacity of understanding real life problems.

Thus making this project was not an easy task, there were many glitches and complications which I faced while implementing my idea. But with support of faculty and friends I successfully accomplished it so I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who have helped me during this time.

Firstly, I convey my sincere thanks to all the employees of, ECE Department of JECRC Jaipur. Their support and guidance are omnipotent and incompatible throughout the project period. I convey special thanks to Mr. blah blah for providing me the opportunity to undergo this project and I express thanks to all department members for their help and cooperation.

Arpit Sharma

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Contents

S. No. Chapter Page no

1. Introduction 5-6

2. Circuit Design 7-21

3. Implementation 22-33

4. Conclusion 34

5. List of References 35

6. Future scope 36

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Introduction

INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM

Nowadays with advent of technology in various fields there is substantial growth made in existing systems of security too. Security is one of the most important concerns whether it is related to security of person or product or maybe ideas when it comes to protecting these everyone wants to rely on system which is economical, powerful, highly responsive. This project has the capability to fulfill all these requirements when used by right people for a good and right purpose

As it is evident from the name of project that it will give alert about the intrusions in the but this definition is not sufficient the beauty of the project lies in the way it is used for providing alerts or we may say how the system detects unauthorized or authorized access. Prime feature of this project is that it not only detects the interception but also the location of interception.

All entries and exits are controlled by central monitoring unit in which there is single bit display that tells the location of unwanted person. I have used single bit display because I am using only 4 gates, capacity of display can be increased by just changing interfacing according to number of gates used. This low cost circuitry proves helpful in detecting unwanted person and his location just monitoring by single man. The alert is made whenever LOS between transmission and receiver pair is disturbed by any external body this is described in detail in the implementation part of this project report.

This project doesn’t uses any software implementation it is a type of analog digital circuit which uses analog disturbance as input and gives output in the form of digital display which indicates the gate number and if two gates are disturbed then the display will show the sum of gate numbers that means the circuit is not blocked by two inputs we can use all the gates at same time. This feature enables the counter trick for blocking one gate in existing security systems it has all four gates working on single display systems. Hence it is more efficient then existing systems so there is no chance of comparing this system with those common systems which are visible nowadays in almost all shopping malls, cinema halls or protected areas where trespassing is not allowed.

Main and foremost feature of this circuit is the use of simple and low cost circuit for such an important task of security although there may occur few problems in this circuit by microwave interference as it uses only the smaller transmitter receiver pair which is input to simple logic gates. Basic operation of this circuit is explained on next page in the subsequent paragraph.

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BASIC OPERATION OF SYSTEM

We can use simple and reliable security system as a watchdog by installing the sensing loops around our building. We use transmitter and receiver as sensor for sense the unauthorized entry into your premises. Transmitter and receiver 1, 2 and 4 are connected to the A, B and C inputs of 7-segment decoder 4511 (IC1), respectively, while the D input of IC1 is grounded permanently The transmitter and receiver are also connected to a dual 3-input NOR gate and inverter CD4000 (IC2) to activate the alarm.

Before using this security system, make sure that transmitter and receiver must alien with each other The circuit works off a 9V regulated power supply. However, battery back-up is recommended. A common anode, 7-segment display (LTS542) is used for displaying whether the tx and rx are intact or not. If tx rx1 is interrupted , the display will show ‘1’. If two or all the three tx rx is interrupted, the display will show the sum of the respective broken loop numbers.

For example, if loops 1 and 4 are broken, the display will show 5(1+4). When all the three loops are intact, the display will show ‘0.’ All the three inputs of gate N1 remain low to give a high output. This high output is further given to gate N2 and, as a result, its output remains low. This keeps transistor T1 in cut-off position and the Piezo buzzer does not sound. When any loop is broken, the output of NOR gate N1 goes low, while the output of gate N2 goes high. Transistor T1 conducts and the buzzer sounds to alert you. You can mute the buzzer by switching off power to the circuit through switch S1.

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Circuit description part of this project can be divided into 3 parts

1. Component description2. Block diagram3. Layout diagram4. Circuit diagram

Component description

Various electronic components used in this project are:

IC CD4511 1

DISPLAY LTS542 1

IC CD4000 1

IC BC574 1

LED 4

BUZZER 1

POWER SOURCE 1 9V

RESISTORS 3 1MΩ

1 100KΩ1 1KΩ

CONNECTING WIRES

PCB

WORK BOARD

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CD4511

BCD-to-7 Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver

General Description

The CD4511BC BCD-to-seven segment latch/decoder/ driver is constructed with complementary MOS (CMOS) enhancement mode devices and NPN bipolar output drivers in a single monolithic structure. The circuit provides the functions of a 4-bit storage latch, an 8421 BCD-to-seven segment decoder, and an output drive capability. Lamp test(LT), blanking (BI), and latch enable (LE) inputs are used to test the display, to turn-off or pulse modulate the brightness of the display, and to store a BCD code, respectively. It can be used with seven-segment light emitting diodes (LED), incandescent, fluorescent, gas discharge, or liquid crystal readouts either directly or indirectly.

Applications include instrument (e.g., counter, DVM, etc.) display driver, computer/calculator display driver, cockpit display driver, and various clock, watch, and timer uses.

Features

_ Low logic circuit power dissipation_ High current sourcing outputs (up to 25 mA)_ Latch storage of code_ Blanking input_ Lamp test provision_ Readout blanking on all illegal input combinations_ Lamp intensity modulation capability_ Time share (multiplexing) facility

_ Equivalent to Motorola MC14511

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CONNECTION DIAGRAM

SEGMENT DECODER

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LTS542

SINGLE DIGIT LED DISPLAY

0.52 inch digit height

Continuous uniform segment

Low power requirement

Excellent character appearance

High brightness and high contrast

Wide viewing angle

Solid state reliability

Categorized for luminous intensity

LTS542 is 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven segment display the device utilizes red LED chips which are made of GaAsP on a transparent GaP substrate, and has a gray face with white segments.

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SEVEN SEGMET LED DISPLAY

11

CD4000Quad 2-Input NOR Buffered B Series Gate •

Quad 2-Input NAND Buffered B Series Gate

General Description

The CD4000BC quad gates are monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors.

They have equal source and sink current capabilities and conform to standard B series output drive.

The devices also have buffered outputs which improve transfer characteristics by providing very high gain.

All inputs are protected against static discharge with diodes to VDD and VSS.

Features

Low power TTL: Fan out of 2 driving 74L compatibility: or 1 driving 74LS 5V–10V–15V parametric ratings Symmetrical output characteristics Maximum input leakage 1 mA at 15V over full temperature range

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CD4000 BC

CONNECTION DIAGRAM OF CD4000

Operating Range (VDD) 3 VDC to 15 VDC

Operating Temperature Range 40C to 85C

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BC574OCTAL D FLIP FLOP

The HD74BC574A provides high drivability and operation equal to or better than high speed bipolar standard logic IC by using Bi-CMOS process. The device features low power dissipation that is about 1/5 of high speed bipolar logic IC, when the frequency is 10 MHz. The device has eight edge triger D type flip flops with three state outputs in a 20 pin package.

Data at the D inputs meeting set up requirements, are transferred to the Q outputs on positive going transitions of the clock input. When the latch enable goes low, data at the D inputs will be retained at the outputs until latch enable returns high again. When a high logic level is applied to the output control input, all outputs go to a high impedance state, regardless of what signals are present at the other inputs and the state of the strage elements.

Features

Input/Output are at high impedance state when power supply is off.Built in input pull up circuit can make input pins be open, when not used.TTL level inputWide operating temperature range Ta = –40 to + 85°C

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D FLIP FLOP

OCTAL D FLIP FLOP

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BUZZER

FEATURES

• The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ unimorph piezoelectric elements and are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits.

• They feature extremely low power consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units.

• Because these buzzers are designed for external excitation, the same part can serve as both a musical tone oscillator and abuzzer.

• They can be used with automated inserters. Moisture-resistant models are also available.

• The lead wire type(PS1550L40N) with both-sided adhesive tape installed easily is prepared.

APPLICATIONSElectric ranges, washing machines, computer terminals, various devices that require speech synthesis output.

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BUZZER CIRCUIT INTERFACED WITH IC

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Resistors:

This is the most common component in electronics. It is used mainly to control current and voltage within the circuit. You can identify a simple resistor by its simple cigar shape with a wire lead coming out of each end.

In this project three 1megaohm, one 1kiloohm, one 100kiloohm resistors are used.

LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

CIRCUIT SYMBOL

LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them. In this project LED works as transmitter of microwave frequency which is received by receiver at the other end

4 LEDs are used in this circuit which are colorless and do not produce visible light rather it produces wave in microwave frequency which is invisible

POWER SOURCE

Alkaline bar battery of value 9V is used for this prototype of the project. Battery power must be enhanced if the system is to be used on extensive scale or ac power can be used.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM

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1 BIT

DISPLAY

Tx Rx

2

Tx Rx

4

Tx-Rx

1CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

Tx Rx

3

BUZZER

LAYOUT DIAGRAM

20

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation part of this project can be divided in 2 parts:

1. Principle 2. Construction3. Working

PRINCIPLE

it is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They are also called security alarms, security systems, alarm systems, perimeter detection systems, and similar terms.

It can be used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television surveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with computer monitoring and control.

Microwave detectors

This device emits microwaves from a transmitter and detects any reflected microwaves or reduction in beam intensity using a receiver. The transmitter and receiver are usually combined inside a single housing (monostatic) for indoor applications, and separate housings (bistatic) for outdoor applications. To reduce false alarms this type of detector is usually combined with a passive infrared detector or "Dualtec" alarm.

Microwave detectors respond to a Doppler shift in the frequency of the reflected energy, by a phase shift, or by a sudden reduction of the level of received energy. Any of these effects may indicate motion of an intruder.

Wireless systems, on the other hand, often use battery-powered transmitters which are easier to install and have less expensive start-up costs, but may reduce the reliability of the system if the batteries are not maintained. Depending on distance and construction materials, one or more

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wireless repeaters may be required to get the signal to the alarm panel reliably. A wireless system can be moved to a new home easily, an advantage for those who rent or who move frequently. The more important wireless connection for security is the one between the control panel and the monitoring station. Wireless monitoring of the alarm system protects against a burglar cutting a cable or from failures of an internet provider. This full wireless setup is commonly referred to as 100% wireless.

CONSTRUCTION

The project is constructed in accordance to the circuit diagram shown on previous pages common circuit construction devices such as PCB, solder machine are used to join various components of the circuit.

1.1 Cleaning for soldering:

1. Ensure that parts to be soldered and the PCB are clean and free from dirt or grease.

2. Use isopropyl alcohol with the help of non-static bristol brush for cleaning.

3. Use lint-free muslin cloth for wiping or alternatively use mild soap solution followed by thorough rinsing with water and drying.

1.2 Tips for good Soldering:

1. Use 15 to 25 watt soldering iron for general work involving small joints and for CMOS IC’s, FETS and ASIC’S use temprature controlled soldering station ensuring that the tip temperature is maintained within 330-350 deg. centigrade.

2. For bigger joints use elevated temperature as per job.

3. Before using a new tip, ensure that it is tinned and before applying the tip to the job, wipe it using a wet sponge.

4. Use 60 : 40 (tin : lead) resin core (18-20 SWG) solder.

5. Ensure that while applying the tip to the job, the tip of the soldering iron is held at an angle such that the tip grazes the surface to be heated and ensure that it does not transfer heat to other joints/components in its vicinity at the same time heating all parts of joint equally.

6. Heat the joint for just the.right amount of time, during which a very short length of solder flows over the joint and then smoothly withdraw the tip.

7. Do not carry molten solder to the joint.

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8. Do not heat the electronic parts for more than 2-4 seconds since most of them are sensitive to heat.

9. Apply one to three mm solder which is neither too less nor too much and adequate for a normal joint.

10. Do not move the components until the molten solder, at the joint has cooled.

Working

Working of the circuit is very easy :

First step is to connect the power source.

The circuit is inspected for any short circuit or loose wires.

Then object is kept at different gates to observe the display and buzzer sound

These steps are explained diagrammatically in subsequent pages

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CASE 1

When transmitter receiver pair 1 is intruded

Display shows 1 and buzzer beeps

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1

Tx-Rx

1CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

BUZZER

CASE 2

When transmitter receiver pair 2 is intruded

Display shows 2 and buzzer beeps

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2

Tx-Rx

2

CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

BUZZER

CASE 3

When transmitter receiver pair 3 is intruded

Display shows 3 and buzzer beeps

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3

Tx-Rx

3CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

BUZZER

CASE 4

When transmitter receiver pair 4 is intruded

Display shows 4 and buzzer beeps

28

4

Tx-Rx

4CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

BUZZER

CASE 5

When gates 2 and 3 are intruded display shows the sum 2+3=5 and buzzer beeps.

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5

Tx Rx

2CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

Tx Rx

3

BUZZER

CASE 6

When gates 1, 2 and 3 are intruded display shows the sum 1+2+3=6 and buzzer beeps.

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6

Tx Rx

2

Tx-Rx

1

CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

Tx Rx

3

BUZZER

CASE 7

When gates 1, 2, 4 are intruded display shows the sum 1+2+4=9 and buzzer beeps.

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7

Tx Rx

2

Tx Rx

4

Tx-Rx

1CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

BUZZER

32

CASE 8

When all the gates are intruded display shows the sum 1+2+3+4=9 and buzzer beeps.

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9

Tx Rx

2

Tx Rx

4

Tx-Rx

1

CENTRAL MONITORING

UNIT

Tx Rx

3

BUZZER

Conclusion

After considerable efforts and hard work I have successfully accomplished making this project INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM. This system is very handy and easy to install so there is a possibility that it is going to replace existing systems of same purpose.

This system detects any unauthorized intrusions on the different entry exits of the premises and alert about it will be made to central monitoring system. Although there are lot more efforts to be made for making it perfectly usable in real time applications. There is possibility of encountering some complications in applying it to practical scenario. But these complications can be easily overcome by a little more efforts for converting a prototype to device.

This prototype has numerous advantages over currently used systems in terms of principle as well as construction and working. In this report I had explained each basic and detail related to this system so that it may prove a self-sufficient manuscript for further work on this project. With a lot more learning on the topic I conclude my project report by stating that it was really a nice experience working on this project INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM.

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List of References

1. http://seminarprojects.com/projectlist/ece 2. http://takingelectronics.com 3. http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits 4. M.Morris Mano for Digital Design Perentice Hall publications5. http://www.mikroe.com/old/books/keu/00.htm

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Future Work

Scope of this system can be easily extended in future due to its high reusability. It is highly sensitive to any kind of access via gates to the premises the fast response of this system makes it extremely useful for modern day security enhancements

Its easy integrity with security systems may result in to an efficient device for stopping unwanted access to houses, offices, industries as well as other areas where security is needed. This system can be interfaced with

CCTV systems

Burglars alarms

GSM systems

Barrier systems

Smart card entry systems

Biometric access systems

for providing automatic security solutions thereby resolving various problems which occur on using this system all alone. But all these extensions require adequate amount of knowledge and research for implementing in real time scenarios.

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