Project in Physical Education

Power Point Presentation of Unit 1 & 2

Submitted by: Erald Jubien M. Dela CruzSection: 3-Beryl

Unit 1 – Be Active and Fit

What is Physical Fitness

• Physical fitness is a general state of health and well-being or specifically the ability to perform aspects of sports or occupations.

Being physically fit can help you:• Increase your chances of living longer• Feel better about yourself• Decrease your chances of becoming depressed• Sleep well at night• Move around more easily• Have stronger muscles and bones• Stay at or get to a healthy weight• Be with friends or meet new people• Enjoy yourself and have fun

When you are not physically fit, you are more likely to:

• Get heart disease• Get type 2 diabetes• Have high blood pressure• Have high blood cholesterol• Have a stroke

The components of Physical Fitness

• Agility – The ability to stop, start, and change directions quickly

• Balance – Controlling body positions while standing still or moving

• Cardiovascular Endurance – Engaging in physical activity for long periods of time

• Flexibility – Moving joints through a wide range of motion

• Muscular Endurance – Using muscles repetitively without fatiguing

• Power – The ability to use muscle strength quickly

• Speed – Performing a movement of covering a distance in a short period of time

• Examples of Physical Fitness Tests

• Shuttle Run Test - a test of speed and agility, which is important in many sports.Procedure: This test requires the person to run back and forth between two parallel lines as fast as possible. Starting at the line opposite the blocks, on the signal "Ready? Go!" the participant runs to the other line, picks up a block and returns to place it behind the starting line, then returns to pick up the second block, then runs with it back across the line.

• Standing Balance TestProcedure: the person stands on one leg for as long as possible. Give the subject a minute to practice their balancing before starting the test. The timing stops when the elevated foot touches the ground or the person hops or otherwise loses their balance position. The best of three attempts is recorded. Repeat the test on the other leg.

• Balke 15 minute run - This 15 minute run test, designed by Bruno Balke, is one of many field tests designed to measure aerobic fitness.

- Place markers at set intervals around the track to aid in measuring the completed distance. Participants run for 15 minutes, and the distance covered is recorded. Walking is allowed, though the participants must be encouraged to push themselves as hard as they can.

Sit and Reach Flexibility Test - The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. - This test involves sitting on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat to the floor. With the palms facing downwards, and the hands on top of each other or side by side, the subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible

• Sit Ups Test - This sit up test measures the strength and endurance of the abdominals and hip-flexor muscles.

- Starting Position: Lie on a carpeted or cushioned floor with your knees bent at approximately right angles, with feet flat on the ground.

- Squeeze your stomach, push your back flat and raise high enough for your hands to slide along your thighs to touch the tops of your knees. Don't pull with you neck or head and keep your lower back on the floor. Then return to the starting position.

• Push Up Test - The push-up fitness test measures upper body strength and endurance.

- A standard push up begins with the hands and toes touching the floor, the body and legs in a straight line, feet slightly apart, the arms at shoulder width apart, extended and at a right angles to the body. Keeping the back and knees straight, the subject lowers the body to a predetermined point then returns back to the starting position with the arms extended. This action is repeated, and test continues until exhaustion.

• 40 Yard Dash - The test involves running a single maximum sprint over 40 yards, with the time recorded. A thorough warm up should be given, including some practice starts and accelerations. Start from a stationary position, in a base-stealing stance that is most familiar to you and that you think will yield the best time. The front foot must be on or behind the starting line. Shoulders should be perpendicular to the starting line. This starting position should be held for 2 seconds prior to starting, and no rocking movements are allowed.

•End of Unit 1

• Unit 2Officiating Individual and Dual Sports

(Volleyball)

What is the meaning of “Officiate”

of·fi·ci·ate

verbact as an official in charge ofsomething, as a sporting event.

Definition of Volleyball

• Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.

Origin of Volleyball

• On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played indoors and by any number of players.

• The game took some of its characteristics from tennis andhandball.

• Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

• After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, the game quickly became known as volleyball.

• Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game spread around the country to various YMCAs.

Volleyball Facts and Figures

THE COURT

• PLAYING AREA- Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9m

Indoor courts also include an attack area designated bya line 3 m back from the center line.

- Lines on the court are 5cm (2" wide) and must be light in colour, different from the colour of the floor or any other lines.

• NET AND POSTS- The net is 1m wide and 9.5m−10m long and is made of 10cm square, black mesh. The top of the net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m for women. The height is measured from the centre of the playing court.

The Ball

• The official size of a volleyball is between 25.6 and 26.4 inches in circumference and between 9.1 and 9.8 ounces in weight.

The Officials

Scorers- The official scorer keeps track of the score

throughout the volleyball game. Before the game begins the scorer notes the starting lineup of each team and notifies the referees if the lineup wasn’t received on time.

- If a dispute or irregularity arises regarding the score, the scorer uses a buzzer to notify the first and second referees. Additionally, when a substitution request arises, the scorer notifies the referees.

Line Judges- At least two, and as many as four, line judges

monitor each game. The line judges stand at the corners of the court watching the lines to indicate whether a ball in play falls in or out of the court.

- If a server steps on the line during a serve, the line judge watching the given line notifies the referees using a flag. When a player touches an out-of-play ball or if the ball hits an antenna, the designated line judge also indicates the interference.

First Referee- The first referee stands on the referee stand and controls the

play of the entire game. Whatever issues arise during the game, the first referee determines the call and the has the final say. After making a call, no player or other referee can argue the call, although a formal protest can be placed with the scorer.

- Before the match begins, the first referee inspects the equipment and the players uniforms. The warm-ups and the coin toss also fall under the jurisdiction of the first referee.

- Throughout the match, the first referee makes calls regarding faults and scoring issues. Following the match, the first referee notes the score and signs the official paperwork.

Second Referee- The second referee works to assist the first

referee throughout the game. If for some reason the first referee can’t finish his/her duties, the second referee may take the place of the first referee.

- The second referee stands next to the post opposite the first referee. In addition to assisting the first referee with determining faults throughout the game, the second referee is in charge of all substitutions, timeouts and the actions of the scorers table.

•Officiating

- Volleyball Rules -

THE SERVE- Server must serve from behind the restraining line

( end line ) until after contact.- Ball may be served underhand or overhand.- Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.- Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other

side for point.- First game serve is determined by a volley, each

subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser.

- Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve.

SCORING

- Rally scoring will be used.- There will be a point scored on every score of the

ball.- Offense will score on a defense miss or out of

bounds hit.- Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of

bounds hit, or serve into the net.- Game will be played to 25 pts.- Must win by 2 points.

ROTATION

- Team will rotate each time they win the serve.- Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.- There shall be 4-6 players on each side.

PLAYING THE GAME ( VOLLEY )- Maximum of three hits per side.- Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not

considered a hit ).- Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.- A ball touching a boundary line is good.- A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and

including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.

- If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play.

- A player must not block or attack a serve.- Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players.

( After the serve only ).

BASIC VIOLATIONS

- Stepping on or over the line on a serve.- Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.- Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming,

Throwing, etc. ).- Touches of the net with any part of the body

while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

- Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:- When executing a follow-through.- When blocking a ball which is in the opponents

court but is being returned ( the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact).

Except to block the third play.- Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or

opposing player ).- Failure to serve in the correct order.- Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not

behind the 10-foot line while in a back row position.

- Volleyball Hand Signals -(Pictures)

- The End -I hope you learned!