GREENBUILDIN

GS•BY:LOKESH ZOPE – 0715048•PROJECT GUIDE: PROF. V. S. NARWANE

WHY DO WE NEED TO THINK ABOUT BUILDINGS?

• Buildings consume almost one-third of the total energy produced

• Problems of energy crisis are impending

• Buildings are the places where humans spend their maximum time

• A conducive environment to work is always beneficial for efficient work output

RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION

HUMAN COMFORT

SOLAR GRID-TIE CONNECTION

SUN

INVESTMENTSYSTEM

REQUIREMENT

HOW TO SIZE?

ORIENTATION

SUNPATH

AZIMUTH ANGLE:Ø

IV curve of Solar Photo-Voltaic

IV CURVE FOR SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC

• Operating Point

• Maximum Power Point Trackers

DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. SYSTEM SIZING

Pac = Power required (KWh/yr) = 620000 =340KW Hours/day of 1Sun x 365 days/yr 5 x 365

Pdcstc = Pac = 340/0.97 = 350KW Conversion Efficiency

2. ORIENTATION

NTilt angle = 90 – βN

Where, βN = 90° - L + δ δ = 23.45 sin[(360/365)(n-81)]

Month N δ βN Tilt

January 1 -23.01 48.98 41.01

February 32 -17.51 54.49 35.51

March 60 -8.29 63.71 26.29

April 91 4.01 76.01 13.99

May 121 14.90 86.9 3.10

June 152 22.03 94.03 -4.03

July 182 23.12 95.12 -5.12

August 213 17.91 89.91 0.09

September 244 7.72 79.72 10.28

October 274 -4.21 67.79 22.21

November 305 -15.36 56.64 33.36

December 335 -22.10 49.90 40.10

TILT ANGLE

OPTIMUM ANGLE: 18.82°

3.1 SELECTION OF PANELS

Type• Area• Cost

Rated power output • Arrang

ement• Maxim

um possible

Power tolerance• Minim

um -3%

Size• Area

available

• Maintenance area

Guarantee• Atleast

for 25 years (80% efficiency)

3.2 SELECTION OF INVERTER

Voltage range• Should fit

the output voltage range of the string of panels

Efficiency• Atleast

97%

No. of MPPTrackers• Better to

have multiple in no.

Input and output Power• Should fit

the range

4. ECONOMICS

Total investment = Cost of inverter + cost of panels + cost of connectors + cost of module maintenance systems + installation charges Cost of inverters: $4000 x 35 = Rs. 6.5 croreCost of solar photovoltaic panels: Rs.23700 x 1155 = Rs. 2.7 crore Total cost: Rs. 9.2 croreApproximately total investment: Rs. 10 CroreThe total cost spent in buying power per year: Rs. 72,00,000 Total money saved: First 5 years: full efficiency (i.e. the system will provide entire power) Rs. 72,00,000 x 5 = Rs. 3.6 Crore Next 7 years: 90% efficiency Rs.72,00,000 x 0.9 x 7 = Rs. 4.536 Crore Next 13 years: 80% efficiency Rs. 72,00,000 x 0.8 x 13 = Rs. 7.488 Crore (The company of the panels provide the product guarantee of above efficiencies)

Total saving for 25 years after installation: Rs. 15.622 Crore

Inflation rate of cost of power

Investment gains

10511

35

300W x 1155 Panels : 346 KW

1155 : 11 x 105

11 Panels : Max voltage: 36.86 x 11 = 405V

Inverter Input Voltage : 300V – 600V

ARRAY

HUMAN COMFORT

• Human body = Heat producing machine

• Q = m. Cv. δT

• Forced convection

Finite element method

• Modeling• Fluid flow conditions• Include temperature, velocity, pressure• Find stagnation point• Find pathlines• Strategically placing chimneys and inlets and outlets• Re-modeling

USAGE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID

DYNAMICS

DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARY

N

ROOM MODELLING IN ICEM-CFD

MESH

MESH CUT PLANE

MESH TOP VIEW

VORTICES

LESSER PATHLINES

STAGNANCY POINT

VELOCITY PATHLINES:

700

LOUVERS

SOLAR CHIMNEY-Stack Effect

-Qstack= 60 x CD x A x sqrt(2 x g x h x ((Ti-To)/Ti))

- Duct size: 1:1 (Reduce frictional losses)

6” WALL WITHOUT PLASTER

INTERNAL AREA: 0.098m2

AREA INCLUDING WALL: 0.3817m2

HEIGHT: 5 feet (1.525m)

DUCT SIZE: 0.7m x 0.7m

ROOM MODELWITH

CHIMNEYVENTS

CHIMNEY VENTS

VENTILATION IMPROVED

VELOCITY PATHLINES:

700

NO STAGNANT AIR

MORE PATHLINES

CONCLUSION

Effective

Economic

Adds to the reputation

An alterna

te energy source: SOLAR POWE

R

Effective ventilation

No running cost

Ventilation

improved:

SOLAR CHIMN

EY

1 EQ International: January-February 11

2 LEED India NC Guide (IGBC)

3 Brochure and Programs - Energy Efficiency Summit: 2010 - 1 - 4 Sep 10

4

Book references:

[1] Renewable and efficient electric power systems: By Gilbert M. Masters

[2] Solar energy: fundamentals and applications: By Garg & Prakash, H. P. Garg

[3] Solar Energy : Principles Of Thermal Collection And Storage: By Sukhatme

5

Website references:

[1] SMA inverters: http://www.sma.de/en/products/solar-inverters/sunny-tripower.html

[2] Insolation data: http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/mumbai.html

[3] TITAN solar panels: http://www.titansolar.com/titan/modules.html

[4] http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php

[5] http://eai.in/blog/2009/07/cost-of-solar-power-in-india-over-rs-15.html

[6] Wikipedia

[7] Youtube

[8] Google Images

REFERENCES

THANK YOU