Project Echelon: Surveillance of Long, Linear, Static Structures

The OSU Team Kickoff

January 2004

2

Retreat Goals

To think through & document:

Requirements User, Hardware, Middleware & Application

Metrics Operational & Technical

Process

Roles Internal & External

3

New Team Members

• Rajiv Ramnath: Project Management

• Prasun Sinha: Tier 2 (802.11a) Networking

• Emre Ertin: our EE person

Signal Processing

Hardware

4

Concept of OperationsPrimary Effort

PipelineProblem:Too vast an area for limited personnel

resources (mobile guards)Hostile actions:

• Destruction (explosives)• Damage to pumps and transformers• Stripping of copper power lines (for

pumps)

Operational Need:Reliable automated surveillance to detect

movement in security zone

FY04 Experiment:Sense movement of personnel and/or

vehicles toward the pipelineTrack the movement and the stop/start of

movement

Damage in Iraq

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Pipeline

Pump Station

Security Zone

10 km

1 km

Detection and tracking of personnel

Detection and tracking of vehicles

Detection of unknowns

? Guard Force Alerted

Mobile Patrol

Reaction Force

Pipeline

Concept of Operations (cont.)Primary Effort

6

CONOPSRelated Efforts

IED

Enemy Observation Point

(OP)

IED

Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures

Surveillance of Supply Routes: Detect potential ambush sites:

• Personnel w/shoulder fired weapons (e.g., RPGs)• IEDs

FY04 Experiment: Sense movement of

personnel/vehicles toward supply route, and then:

They remain near a point They remain for a while and then leave

Sense suspicious movement on the road

Wire to OP

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Convoy protection 1D

Convoy protection 2D

Candidate Applications

IEDHide Site

Detect anomalous drivingpatterns on road

Detect anomalous activityalong roadside

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CONOPSRelated Efforts

Similar Long, Linear, Static Structures

Border Surveillance:

Detect illegal border crossings:

• U.S. Customs

• Military operations in Iraq

FY04 Experiment:

Detect movement of personnel/vehicles across area adjacent to a border

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Comparison

Colombian Pipeline

Kansas Pipeline

Northern border

1D Convoy protection

2D Convoy protection

Existing comms Processing loadNo alternative

Delay tolerance Hot problem Full network

Existing sensors Hardware tolerance Cost/length CONOPS

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Preliminary Program PlanSystem Metrics

Operational MetricsOperational Metrics• Latency

<10 seconds (90% of the time)• Probability of False Alarm (Pfa)

<1 per day• Probability of Detection (Pd)

0.99 for vehicles 0.95 for dismounts

• Classification TBD

• XSM Node Lifetime TBD

• Relay Node Lifetime TBD

• Network Deployment time <1 hour

• Network Uninstallation time < 1 hour

• Cost Per node Per unit area covered

Operational MetricsOperational Metrics• Latency

<10 seconds (90% of the time)• Probability of False Alarm (Pfa)

<1 per day• Probability of Detection (Pd)

0.99 for vehicles 0.95 for dismounts

• Classification TBD

• XSM Node Lifetime TBD

• Relay Node Lifetime TBD

• Network Deployment time <1 hour

• Network Uninstallation time < 1 hour

• Cost Per node Per unit area covered

Technical MetricsTechnical Metrics

• Robustness Of node Of network

• Sensor coverage• Sensor density• Effective bandwidth

Of first-tier network Of second-tier network

• Endurance Of node Of network

Technical MetricsTechnical Metrics

• Robustness Of node Of network

• Sensor coverage• Sensor density• Effective bandwidth

Of first-tier network Of second-tier network

• Endurance Of node Of network

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Preliminary Program PlanTechnology Transition

•Transition Partners

•Transition ProcessJoint DARPA/Partner identification of operational challenges and potential solutions

DARPA development of technical solution to operational challengesJoint evaluation of technical solutionJoint Memorandum of Agreeement (MOA) / Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

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Experiment Site Characteristics

• Relatively flat, open area• Easy for observers to see large section of experiment site• No forests• No large physical obstructions to line-of-site comms• Relatively good weather (little rain, light winds, etc.)

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Final Demo Experiment Sites

Candidate Sites Naval Air Weapons Facility,

China Lake150 miles NE of Los Angeles Encompasses 1.1 million acres of land in California's upper Mojave Desert, ranging in altitude from 2,100 to 8,900 feet

Varies from flat dry lake beds to rugged piñon pine covered mountains.

Weather should be consistent Summer will be hot

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The area in the red ellipse is the one for the test range. It is approximately 7500’ x 2500’.

WPAFB Experiment Site

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Another “improvised” view of the area.

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OSU Experiment Site

Don Scott Airfield North Runway area: .5km x .5km

Internal Testbed Space Candidates

North Rec Centre (floor) Warehouses in Kinnear or Goodale area (may have to pay for

space)

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Preliminary Program PlanRoles and Responsibilities

Technology DevelopmentTechnology DevelopmentTechnology DevelopmentTechnology Development

Middleware ServicesMiddleware ServicesClock Sync (UCLA,OSU)Group Formation (OSU, UCB)Localization (UIUC)Remote Programming (UCB)Routing (OSU, UCB)Sensor Fusion (OSU)Power Management (UCB)Relay Node Services (UCLA)

Middleware ServicesMiddleware ServicesClock Sync (UCLA,OSU)Group Formation (OSU, UCB)Localization (UIUC)Remote Programming (UCB)Routing (OSU, UCB)Sensor Fusion (OSU)Power Management (UCB)Relay Node Services (UCLA)

Display UnitDisplay UnitOhio State

Display UnitDisplay UnitOhio State

Application LayerApplication LayerOhio State

UC Berkeley

Application LayerApplication LayerOhio State

UC Berkeley

MAC LayerMAC LayerUC Berkeley

MAC LayerMAC LayerUC Berkeley

Xtreme Scaling MoteXtreme Scaling MoteCrossbow Technology

Xtreme Scaling MoteXtreme Scaling MoteCrossbow Technology

Relay NodeRelay NodeCrossbow Technology

Relay NodeRelay NodeCrossbow Technology

Systems IntegrationSystems IntegrationOhio State

Systems IntegrationSystems IntegrationOhio State

Transition PartnersTransition PartnersUSSOUTHCOM, U.S. Customs & Border Protection, USSOCOM, AFRL

Transition PartnersTransition PartnersUSSOUTHCOM, U.S. Customs & Border Protection, USSOCOM, AFRL

SensorsSensorsCrossbow

SensorsSensorsCrossbow

Operating SystemOperating SystemUC Berkeley

Operating SystemOperating SystemUC Berkeley

Application ToolsApplication ToolsOhio State

UCLAUC Berkeley

Application ToolsApplication ToolsOhio State

UCLAUC Berkeley

Auxiliary Services Auxiliary Services Testing (OSU, MITRE, CNS Technologies) Monitoring, logging, and testing infrastructure (UCB, OSU) Evaluation (MITRE) Logistics, site planning (CNS Technologies, OSU) ConOps development (Puritan Research, CNS Technologies, SouthCom, US Customs & Border Protection, MITRE, OSU)

Auxiliary Services Auxiliary Services Testing (OSU, MITRE, CNS Technologies) Monitoring, logging, and testing infrastructure (UCB, OSU) Evaluation (MITRE) Logistics, site planning (CNS Technologies, OSU) ConOps development (Puritan Research, CNS Technologies, SouthCom, US Customs & Border Protection, MITRE, OSU)

GUIGUIOhio State

GUIGUIOhio State

• Simulation tools (UCB, UCLA, Vanderbilt, OSU)

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Agenda (Friday)

9am                Team introduction; Goals for the retreat   Preliminary Application and ConOps

                       Requirements and Metrics                       Hardware, Middleware, Application Architecture overview  10am              Risks (Rajiv Ramnath)

10:30-11am     TimeSync (Ted Herman)

11am-12noon   Localization (Ted Herman)12-1pm            Lunch brought in (Oxleys)1-1:45pm         Echelon topology (SK)1:45-2:15pm    Clustering & Group Management (MD)2:00-3pm        Simulation (Mikhail Nesterenko)3:15-4:00pm    Monitoring  (SB)4-5pm             Power management (SK)

 6:15pm            Out-of-towners Dinner

(Host: Prof. CK Chang, China Dynasty on Lane Ave)

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Agenda (Saturday)

9am                Routing (Mohamed Gouda, HZ)10-10:30         TDMA (Sandeep Kulkarni, HZ)10:30-noon      Localization (w/ Gul Agha: (217)359-0789)12-1:30pm       Lunch brought in (Chipotle)

1:30-2pm         Border Patrol (Rajiv Ramnath)  2-3pm    Tier 2 networking (Prasun Sinha)3-4pm         Hardware (PD, Emre Ertin, HC)

                Antenna discussion4:00-5:00         Process discussion (Rajiv Ramnath)    5pm                 Budget5:15pm            ALineInTheSand writeups & planning6pm Dinner (Everyone to Anish's residence)

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Agenda (Sunday)

9am Taking Stock, Planning

9:30-11:30 Requirements and Metrics

Application, ConOps, Hardware specifications

11:30am-1   New research ideas:                   MobiLoc                   BGP

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To Do

• Sign Up for Lunch